You are on page 1of 53

Voice over IP

Robert Warnke

Session Number Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Agenda
Voice over IP Fundamentals PacketCable Overview PacketCable Multimedia Current Status of PacketCable Residential VoIP Solution

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Why Voice over IP?


Traditional TDM
High recurring maintenance costs Monolithic switch design with proprietary interfaces Uses dedicated, voice-only bandwidth in HFC network

IP
Many services, one network Leverages existing data infrastructure Enhanced services Open standards

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Why VoIP over Cable?


Deployed architecture
Existing Physical network Existing Data Network Available bandwidth

Widely accepted standards


DOCSIS, Euro-DOCSIS Enables construction of networks with Best of breed equipment dont have to buy everything from one vendor

Provides MSOs with Triple Play of Video, Data and Voice helping to reduce customer churn
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Traditional Telephony Network


SCP STP STP
Class 4 Tandem IMT Class 5 GR-303 COT GR-303 RDT Twisted Pair IMT

STP
Class 4 Tandem IMT Class 5 GR-303 COT GR-303 RDT Twisted Pair

STP

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Traditional Telephony Network


Class 5 Switch
Provides line-side connectivity Implements call features (*69, *72, Call-waiting, etc.) Acts as SS7 Signaling Switch Point (SSP) Bearer traffic carried on Inter-Machine Trunks (IMT)

Line Side Concentration


Facilitated by GR-303 4 to 1 concentration 4 subscribers per DS0 RDT aggregates analog twisted-pair lines

End-to-end connection
DS0 (64kbps PCM) is allocated on all links in network for duration of call, forming a virtual circuit.
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

VoIP and Traditional Telephony Network Interconnection


SCP STP STP
Class 4 Tandem IMT Class 5 GR-303 COT GR-303 RDT
CMS/ SoftSwitch

STP
Class 4 Tandem IMT
Signaling GW

STP
IMT Class 5 GR-303 COT GR-303 RDT

MGC

V
DOCSIS 1.1 NCS EMTA CMTS CMTS NCS EMTA

HFC Plant

Provider Backbone

HFC Plant

MG

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Voice Sampling and CODECs


Digitally encoded audio
Audio is sampled at 8000 samples/sec Samples for regular time intervals (time slices) are assembled into frames, frame size varies according to Codec (codec = coder/decoder) Sample data may be compressed depending on Codec

Example Codecs
G.711 corresponds to PSTN DS0 64kbps low complexity G.729A 8x compressed - 8kbps - medium complexity G.729E enhanced 11.8kbps high complexity G.728 16kbps high complexity

Each packetization interval, sampled audio is encapsulated into an IP packet and transmitted
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Packetization Interval Tradeoffs


Short interval
Lowers end-to-end latency Lost packet contains smaller amount of actual voice data, less impact on voice quality Higher overhead, less efficient use of network bandwidth

Long interval
Greater network bandwidth efficiency Fewer packets = less stress on packet forwarding network elements

Most deployments use 20ms packetization interval

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

VoIP Transport
Packet Encapsulation
RTP Real Time Protocol Provides timestamp and packet sequence numbering so destination applications can reassemble and playback speech UDP User Datagram Protocol Provides port number addressing, so that the correct destination application can receive the packet Provides data integrity via CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) IP Internet Protocol Provides routing info for packets to get to appropriate destination Provides packet prioritization
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

10

Building a Voice over IP Packet (G.711u, 20ms)

20 ms

20 ms

20 ms

6 18 20 8 12 DOCSIS 802.3 IP UDP RTP MAC

160 Voice Data

= 224 bytes

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

11

Network Requirements
Deliver a service that approximates that provided by the synchronous PSTN, on an inherently asynchronous IP network In simplest terms, ensure the following:
Low latency (minimal delay in delivering packets) Low jitter (expected arrival vs. actual arrival time) Very few dropped packets

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

12

Agenda
Voice over IP Fundamentals PacketCable Overview PacketCable Multimedia Current Status of PacketCable Residential VoIP Solution

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

13

PacketCable Overview
Founded in late 1997 to address the need for a multimedia architecture Requires a DOCSIS 1.1 access network with cable modem and CMTS as the core delivery components Addresses issues such as:
Signaling for services Media transport at variable QoS (Quality of Service) levels Security Provisioning of the client device Billing Network Management
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

14

Packet Cable Architecture Highlights


Focus is on a standards based solution Flexible Architecture, ability to plug and play different components
Each functional element of the solution is described individually, allowing for the MSOs to implement best of breed At the same time credence has to be given to a solution that is also operable as one end to end solution, and that needs to be weighed when defining the solution

PacketCable certifies different features and functionality during its certification waves
Cert Waves include CMS, MGC, MGW, eMTA, Calea etc Basic Interoperability is tested
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

15

PacketCable Reference Architecture

SS7

The Switch and Gateway Components are The Switch and Gateway Components are Fundamental to Call Control and Speech Transmission Fundamental to Call Control and Speech Transmission
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

16

PacketCable Network Architecture


MGC RKS

Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA CMS/ SoftSwitch

LNP

STP

DOCSIS 1.1

V
MG NCS EMTA (NID) CMTS

HFC Plant Provider Backbone


Provisioning Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC CALEA ANN SRV CONF SRV VM

PSTN

Voice Path Signaling Billing Events


Presentation_ID

CUST. DB

Provisioning
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Media Servers
17

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)


MGC RKS Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA DOCSIS 1.1 CMS/ SoftSwitch LNP

STP

V
NCS EMTA (NID)

MTA has specialized Telephony hardware and software CPE is considered outside the trust boundary Three types Embedded (inside house), NID (outside house), Non-Embedded

MG PSTN

HFC Plant

CMTS

Provider Backbone
Provisiong Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC

CUST. DB

CALEA ANN CONF VM SRV SRV

Provisioning

Media Servers

Black-phone (RJ-11)) capability with support for standard audio codec speeds (e.g. G.711, G.729E, G.728) Supports secure provisioning from the back office NCS (Network-based Call Signaling) to the CMS (Call Management Server) based on MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) Support for QoS interaction with DOCSIS-level QoS is required
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

18

Headend (CMTS)
MGC RKS Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA DOCSIS 1.1 CMS/ SoftSwitch LNP

STP

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System) provides the DOCSIS 1.1 access to CMs on the HFC network Provides connectivity to the Managed IP Network CMTS is the first entity within the trust boundary

V
NCS EMTA (NID)

MG PSTN

HFC Plant

CMTS

Provider Backbone
Provisiong Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC

Support for Electronic Surveillance as required by CALEA CMTS plays a central role in setting up QoS.
CUST. DB CALEA ANN CONF VM SRV SRV

Provisioning

Media Servers

PacketCable uses dynamic QoS (dQoS) Uses DOCSIS mechanisms on the access side, and IP (e.g. DSCP) on the core Implemented using gates, functional components that classify and enforce QoS policy per voice session as directed by a gate controller

Event messages are generated for billing purposes (QoS info only)
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

19

PacketCable functionality on the CMTS


CMS
Gate Controller

RKS

CALEA DF

CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA

COPS Gate Control

Radius Event Msgs

RTP Multicast

DOCSIS 1.1
Dynamic Service Policy Enforcement HFC Plant

CMTS

Provider Backbone

NCS EMTA (NID)

DQoS Gate Database

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

20

Call Management Server (SoftSwitch)


MGC RKS Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA DOCSIS 1.1 CMS/ SoftSwitch LNP

STP

V
NCS EMTA (NID)

MG PSTN

Provides call control and signaling (NCS, MGCP) for setting up voice sessions and invoking telephony features Maintains the state of all calls. Provides Line Side Features (e.g., Call Forward) Includes a Gate Controller initiating DQoS set-up

HFC Plant

CMTS

Provider Backbone
Provisiong Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC

CUST. DB

CALEA ANN CONF VM SRV SRV

Provisioning

Media Servers

Supports call routing both on-net (terminating on an IP endpoint) and offnet (routed to the PSTN Public Switched Telephony Network) Generates most of the event messages used for billing per voice session Enables Electronic Surveillance as required by CALEA May support such telephony features as directory listings, local number portability, E911
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

21

PSTN Connectivity
MGC RKS Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA DOCSIS 1.1 CMS/ SoftSwitch LNP

STP

MGC (Media Gateway Controller) manages access to the PSTN MG (Media Gateway) provides bearer channel access to the PSTN (e.g., T1 trunks) SG (Signaling Gateway) provides signaling to an SS7 network

V
NCS EMTA (NID)

MG PSTN

HFC Plant

CMTS

Provider Backbone
Provisiong Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC

CUST. DB

CALEA ANN CONF VM SRV SRV

Provisioning

Media Servers

MGC is often part of the CMS controls the MG and SG using PacketCabledefined signaling protocols and maintains call state Generates event messages (interconnect-related) used for billing per voice session Enables Electronic Surveillance as required by CALEA
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

22

Back-office Server Components


MGC RKS Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA DOCSIS 1.1 CMS/ SoftSwitch LNP

STP

V
NCS EMTA (NID)

MG PSTN

HFC Plant

CMTS

ANS (Announcement Server) manages and plays customized informational messages Consists of an ANC (Announcement Controller) and an ANP (Announcement Player)

Provider Backbone
Provisiong Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC

CUST. DB

CALEA ANN CONF VM SRV SRV

Provisioning

Media Servers

CALEA Server allows for lawful electronic surveillance to be initiated:


Provides a gateway to the law enforcement entity (e.g., the FBI) Initiates surveillance per subscriber with the CMS Collects call detail information from the CMS, CMTS, and PSTN gateway Collects call content information from the CMTS and PSTN gateway

Other back-office servers may include servers for such functions as voicemail and directory listing
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

23

Operations Support Systems (OSS) Components


MGC RKS Signaling GW CM NCS MTA NCS EMTA DOCSIS 1.1 CMS/ SoftSwitch LNP

STP

RKS (Record Keeping Server) collects event messages From CMS, MGC and CMTS and interfaces with a billing system DHCP server allocates IP addresses DNS is required for naming the PacketCable components

V
NCS EMTA (NID)

MG PSTN

HFC Plant

CMTS

Provider Backbone
Provisiong Server DNS/DHCP TFTP TOD KDC

CUST. DB

KDC (Key Distribution Server) for security keys A provisioning server supporting SNMP-V3 drives the MTA initialization and provisioning from subscriber data using PacketCable Provisioning MIBs.
Provisioning Media Servers

CALEA ANN CONF VM SRV SRV

CMS provisioning support is described but not fully specified TFTP is used to download device configuration files (driven by provisioning) Network Management at the DOCSIS level is required. Minimal PacketCablespecific MIBs exist for network management, fault and performance.
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

24

Interfaces Defined by PacketCable


Network-Based Call Signaling (NCS) Interface between MTA and CMS, a MGCP profile Trunking Gateway Control Protocol (TGCP) Interface between MG and MGC, a MGCP profile Event Messages Interfaces event message carries network info over RADIUS for CDR (from CMS, CMTS, & MGC to RKS) & CALEA (from CMS, CMTS, & MGC to DF) Dynamic QoS Specification (DQoS) various QoS interfaces defined between PacketCable components. Common Open Policy Service (COPS) Transports DQoS between Gate Controller (QoS management component in CMS) and CMTS (IETF RFC 2748)
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

25

Voice Signaling Interfaces


NCS TGCP SIP COPS SSH Cable User
MTA

CMS/MGC

PSTN
SS7 A-Link

Internet

STP

Router

M M
MGW

IMT

Cable IP Infrastructure
Cable User
MTA

Class 4/ EO MF, FGD 911 AT, OPS

Announcement, VM and IVR Server


Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CALEA

26

Bearer/Data Path
Internet Data Voice RTP CMS/MGC

PSTN
SS7 A-Link

Internet

STP

Cable User
MTA

Router

M M
MGW

IMT

Class 4/ EO MF, FGD 911 AT OPS

Cable IP Infrastructure
Cable User
MTA

Announcement, VM and IVR Server


Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CALEA

27

Bearer Traffic Highlights


Bearer traffic goes directly to the trunking gateway for off-net calls or to the terminating MTA for on-net calls Traffic follows the best path defined by the network and the IP routing protocols Bearer Traffic is not forced through a central location but rather through the optimum path to its ultimate destination, minimizing jitter and delay

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

28

PacketCable DQoS
Dynamic Quality of Service, arguably the single most important PacketCable specification Creates an association between application specific signaling (NCS), subscriber information, and use of DOCSIS 1.1 QoS Participating network elements include CMS, CMTS and eMTA Introduces Concepts of Gates on the CMTS
COPS(Common Open Policy Server) signaling for Gate-Alloc and Gate-Set messages RADIUS signaling for Gate Open and Gate Close messages

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

29

DQoS Gates
Ephemeral (exist _only_ for duration of call) Will automatically be deleted if not used
eMTA _must_ send DOCSIS DSA/DSC within short timeframe identifying Gate-ID to be used.

Coordinated
When both endpoints are on the cable network, Gate Open, Gate Close messages are sent by CMTS such that other CMTS knows far-end call leg has been constructed.

DOCSIS DSA/DSC must be within QoS limits specified within Gate spec.

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

30

PacketCable dQoS
CMS

Initiate Call Continue Call Sgnlg, Signaling (NCS) w/ GateID

Allocate/Set Gate, Start Gate Timers

NCS EMTA
HFC Plant DOCSIS 1.1

CMTS

DSA, DSC with GateID


CMTS verifies DSX against Gate, stops Gate Timers
Presentation_ID
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

DOCSIS 1.1 UGS Active !


31

PacketCable Electronic Surveillance


Supported by protocol elements of NCS, COPS Gate signaling and TGCP CMS is made aware of subject under surveillance, informs other elements via call signaling Bearer traffic is encapsulated by CMTS/MG and sent to the Delivery Function (DF)

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

32

PacketCable Electronic Surveillance


MGC

RKS CMS
Signaling GW LNP

NTFY Gate Set


NCS EMTA

STP

DSX NTFY Call Ans. CMTS Sig Start Provider Backbone

V
MG
PSTN

NCS EMTA

HFC Plant

QoS Start Call Content

CALEA DF

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

33

Circuit Switch (TDM) to VoIP Component Decomposition


TDM Switch
SCP

VoIP over Cable IPRTP Network

VoIP Control

TDM Switch Fabric


SIGTRAN

Application Server
SIP DQoS

SS7 Network
A-Link

Control Plane

TGCP

SS7 GW

PSTN Gateway
PSTN
T1/T3 IMT

DOCSIS CMTS
NCS

Trunk Cards

Softswitch (CMS/MGC) CPU & Call Processing Software OAM&P

HFC

MTA Line Cards

Analog Phone

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

34

Agenda
Voice over IP Fundamentals PacketCable Overview PacketCable Multimedia Current Status of PacketCable Residential VoIP Solution

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

35

Introducing PacketCable MultiMedia


New and Improved way of obtaining QoS!
Signaling Agnostic More Generic MSO generated Policy Controls Dumb devices = less $$

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

36

PacketCable Multimedia

Prescribes how DQoS and BW can be used to create services that are formidable competitive weapons. Provides a generic application framework for enabling cable QoS for non-QoS-aware devices.
Soft-phones Residential S-MTA X-Box/Playstation gaming consoles Business-class IADs, IP Phones

Builds upon Docsis and PacketCable*, enabling numerous voice, video, and data applications:
Bandwidth on Demand Low-latency Gaming Gaming with Audio/Video Video Telephony IM/Chat with QoS voice and video Presence-based voice/video

* Not required for all PCMM Apps

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

37

New Components

Application Manager
Any service controlling host which has detailed knowledge of the applications bandwidth requirements Gaming Server
SIP Proxy Server PacketCable CMS

Policy Server
Host which polices Application Manager Requests Communicates directly with the CMTS MSO driven rule set

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

38

Sample Call Flow


Step 1. User A is initiating a session to User B
Application Manager

Id like to play Quake with Brian


Policy Server

You

DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
39

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 2. AM sends 2 Gate-Set to the Policy Server (one for each flow direction)
Application Manager

Gate-Set
Policy Server

You

DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
40

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 3. If the AM requests pass the MSO policies, the PS will forward the requests to the CMTS.
Application Manager

Policy Server

You

Gate-Set

DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
41

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 4. CMTS initializes the service flows to the CM if they pass admission control
Application Manager

Policy Server

You DSA
DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
42

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 5. CM responds to the CMTS
Application Manager

Policy Server

You DSA-RSP
DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
43

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 6. CMTS finishes the 3 way handshake
Application Manager

Policy Server

You DSA- ACK


DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
44

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 7. CMTS responds to the PS
Application Manager

Policy Server

You

Gate-Set-Ack

DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
45

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 8. PS responds to the AM
Application Manager

Gate-Set-Ack
Policy Server

You

DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
46

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Call Flow (cont)


Step 9. The AM tells the user that the flow is ready
Application Manager

Go for it
Policy Server

You

DOCSIS 1.1 CM
Presentation_ID

CMTS
47

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

PCMM benefits:

CPE can be any application (SIP, Game Consoles) CM is off the shelf DOCSIS 1.1 cable modem Neither the CM nor the CPE need to be PacketCable QoS aware Policy servers allow the MSO to build flexible rules regarding which applications are allowed

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

48

Agenda
Voice over IP Fundamentals PacketCable Overview PacketCable Multimedia Current Status of PacketCable Residential VoIP Solution

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

49

Status of Packet Cable Residential Voice over Cable NA


Over the past several years, several MSOs have been evaluating, trialing and now deploying a PacketCable compliant Residential Voice solution All Tier One, Two and Three MSOs have been considering a residential voice solution Several of the Tier Ones and smaller MSOs have already rolled out a solution The solution is here TODAY!
Over 300K+ subscribers are currently being served on PacketCable based residential Voice solutions

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

50

Status Report Where We are Today Cable Telephony Systems Adoption Lifecycle
Establish the Market
MSO Business Case/ MSO Business Case/ Market Validation Market Validation Technology Incubation Technology Incubation & Validation & Validation Voice Solution Validation Voice Solution Validation
First Customer Trial First Customer Launch

MSO Adoption

Operationalize and Scale


MSO Operations MSO Operations Optimization Optimization

Differentiate the Services


Advanced Application Advanced Application Deployment Deployment

Cisco Adoption

Management/Systems Management/Systems Operations Maturity Operations Maturity Services Scaling and Services Scaling and Partner Enablement Partner Enablement
1M Cisco Cable Voice Lines (Est 7/05)

1998
Cable Town Hall Presentation_ID

2001

2004 Today

2007

2010+
51

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Where The Industry Focus is Heading Towards

MSO Adoption

Establish the Market


MSO Business Case/ MSO Business Case/ Market Validation Market Validation Technology Incubation Technology Incubation & Validation & Validation

Operationalize and Scale


MSO Operations MSO Operations Optimization Optimization

Differentiate the Services


Advanced Application Advanced Application Deployment Deployment

Cisco Adoption

Management/Systems Management/Systems Operations Maturity Operations Maturity Services Scaling and Services Scaling and Partner Enablement Partner Enablement
1M Cisco Cable Voice Lines (Est 7/05)

Voice Solution Validation Voice Solution Validation


First Customer Trial First Customer Launch

1998
Cable Town Hall Presentation_ID

2001

2004

2007

2010+
52

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Presentation_ID

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

53

You might also like