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UNIT 1 1. What is SOA? SOA is a form of technology architecture that adheres to the principles of service-orientation.

When realized through web services technology platform, SOA establishes the potential to support and promote these principles throughout the business process and Automation domains of an enterprise. 2. How does SOA address the issues that arise in a client-server architecture? a. Service oriented solution eliminate dependancies on user environment by delegating all processing to the server side. b. SOA establishes an adaptable and extensible architecture mode that allows solutions to be enhanced with minimal impact. Services can encapsulate existing legacy logic providing a standardized API that can plug into larger integrated solution. 3. How is SOA different from distributed internet architecture? SOA introduces processing and security requirements that differ from distributed internet architecture and SOA administration is typically more complex due to its reliance on message-based communication. 4. Give any 2 differences between service orientation and object orientation. Service orientation Emphasizes loose coupling between units of processing logic. Encourages coarse-grained interfaces so that units of communication contain as much information as possible for completion of a given task. Object Orientation Emphasizes tightly bound units of processing logic. Supports fine-grained interfaces so that units of communication perform various sized tasks.

5. Define application architecture. Application architecture is to an application development team what a blueprint is to a team of construction workers. Application architecture includes high-level abstract, physical and logical representation of the technical blueprint or common data models, communication flow diagrams, application-wide security requirements and aspects of infrastructure. 6. Define enterprise architecture. Enterprise architecture specification is to an organization what an urban plan is to a city. A master specification created, providing high-level overview of all forms of heterogeneity that exist within an enterprise. i.e. when multiple applications architecture exist within an organization they are always accompanied by and kept in alignment with a governing enterprise architecture. 7. List any 4 characteristics of SOAs. a. SOA supports vendor diversity. b. SOA is fundamentally autonomous. c. SOA promotes discovery. d. SOA fosters intrinsic interoperability. 8. Mention the concrete characteristics of SOA. a. It is based on open standards. b. It is architecturally composable. c. It is capable of improving QoS. 9. List the components of automation logic. Messages, operations, services, processes. 10. Define service. A service represents a logically grouped set of operations capable of performing the related units of work.

11. How components in an SOA inter-relate? Represent it diagrammatically. Proces s instanc es servic es Logically group messag es 12. List any 4 principles of service orientation. a. Services are reusable. b. Services share a formal contract. c. Services are loosely coupled. d. Services are autonomous. 13. What do you mean by loose coupling? It is a condition wherein a service acquires knowledge of another service while still remaining independent of that service. It is achieved through the use of service contracts that allow services. 14. What does contemporary SOA represent? An open, extensible, federated, composable architecture that promotes service-orientation and is composed of autonomous, QoS-capable, vendor diverse, interoperable, discoverable and potentially reusable services implemented as web services. 15. Define a process. A process contains the business rules that determine which service operations are used to complete a unit of automation. It represents a large piece of work that requires the completion of smaller units of work. 16. What do you mean by the term separation of concerns? This theory is based on the notion that it is beneficial to break down a large problem into a series of individual concerns. This allows logic required to solve the problem to be decomposed into a collection of smaller related pieces. Each piece of logic addresses a specific concern. 17. What are the core principles that form the baseline foundation for SOA? Autonomy, loose coupling, abstraction and the need for formal contract. 18. What is a service contract? Service contract provides a formal definition of : a. Service endpoint. b. Each service operation. c. Every input and output message supported by each service operation. d. Rules and characteristics of the service and its operations. 19. What is the principle behind service interface level abstraction? The principle behind service interface-level abstraction is to allow services to act as black boxes, hiding their details from outside world. 20. What are the 2 types of autonomy? Service level autonomy: Service boundaries are distinct from each other but the service may share underlying resources. Pure autonomy: The underlying logic is under complete control and ownership of the service. operation s

UNIT 2 1. What are the design classifications of web services? a. Service roles: temporary classification based on the roles it assumes during the runtime processing of a message. b. Service Models: permanent classification based on the application logic it provides and the roles it assumes within a solution environment. 2. What are the conditions under which the web service takes the role of a service provider? a. Web service is invoked via an external source such as service requestor. b. Web service provides a published service description offering information about its features and behaviors. 3. Define the term service provider. Service provider replies to a request message with a response message . It is also used to identify the organization responsible for actually providing the web service. 4. What are the conditions under which the web service takes the role of a service requestor? a. The web service invokes a service provider by sending it a message. b. The web service searches for and assesses the most suitable provider by studying available service descriptions. 5. Define the term intermediaries. Web services and service agents that route and process a message after it is initially sent and before it arrives at its ultimate destination is referred to as intermediary services. 6. What are types of intermediaries? a. Passive Intermediary- Responsible for sending messages to a subsequent location. It uses the info. in SOAP message header. To determine the routing path of uses native routing logic to achieve load balancing. b. Active Intermediary- Also routes message to a forwarding destination. These services actively process and alter the message contents. They alter data in header blocks and may even insert | delete header blocks entirely. 7. Define the term service composition. It does not apply to a single web-service but to a composite relationship between collections of services. Any service can enlist one or more additional services to complete a given task. Any of the enlisted services can call other services to complete a given sub-task. 8. How do you classify services based on service models a. Business Service model b. Controller Service model c. Utility Service model 9. How are the business services used within SOA? a. As fundamental building blocks for representing business logic. b. To represent corporate entity or information set c. To represent business process logic. d. As service composition members. 10. Define service endpoint. A WSDL describes the point of contact for a service provider also known as service end point. It provides a formal definition of the end point interface and also establishes the physical location of the service. 11. What do you mean by a service contract? It is the set of conditions that must be met and accepted by a potential service requester to enable successful communication. It also refers to additional documents or agreements not expressed by service descriptions.

12. Mention the SOAP nodes that are available. a. SOAP sender b. SOAP receiver c. SOAP intermediary d. Initial SOAP sender e. Ultimate SOAP reciever 13. What are the variations of fire and forget message exchange? a. Single destination pattern b. Multi-cast destination pattern c. Broadcast destination pattern 14. What are the services that a coordinator composition consists of? a. Activation service b. Registration service c. Protocol-specific service d. Co-ordinator service 15. What are the atomic transaction protocols that are available? a. Completion Protocol b. Durable 2PC Protocol c. Volatile 2PC Protocol 16. Why is orchestration called the heart of SOA ? As it establishes a means of centralizing and controlling a great deal of inter and intra application logic through a standardized service model. 17. Distinguish between orchestration and choreography. Orchestration Choreography Expresses organization-specific business Not necessarily owned by a single entity. Acts workflow . An organization owns and controls as a community interchange pattern used for the logic behind an orchestration, even if that collaborative purposes by services from logic involves interaction with external different provider entities. business partners. 18. What are the issues to be addressed by service layer abstraction? a. What logic should be represented by services b. How should services relate to existing application logic c. How can services best represent business process logic d. How can services be built and positioned to promote agility 19. What are the business service models that business service layer offers? a. Task-centric business service b. Entity-centric business service 20. What is the role of orchestration service layer? It consists of one or more process services that compose business and application services according to business rules and business logic embedded within process definition.

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