HARVARD COLLEGE

LIBRARY

GIFT OF THE

GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES

"

SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING,

AND BURNING
PART 4

(Newark, N.J.)

HEARING^
BEFORE THE

>>.
f^/)

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN.|CTIYITIES

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATltlS
NINETIETH CONGKESS
SECOND SESSION

APRIL 23 AND 24, 1968 (INCLUDING INDEX)

Printed for the use of the

Committee on Un-American Activities

U.S.
88-083

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON
:

1968

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

United States House of Representatives

EDWIN E.
WILLIAM
JOE
M. TUCK, Virginia R. POOL, Texas

WILLIS, Louisiana, Chairman

RICHARD H. ICHORD, Missouri JOHN C. CULVER, Iowa

JOHN M. ASHBROOK, Ohio DEL CLAWSON, California RICHARD L. ROUDEBUSH, Indiana ALBERT W. WATSON, South Carolina

Francis J. McNamara, Director Chester D. Smith, General Counsel Alfred M. Nittle, Counsel

CONTENTS
Page

Synopsis
April 23, 1968: Testimony

1851

of
1862

Charles Kinney Afternoon session: Charles Kinney (resumed)

April 24, 1968: Testimony

1883 1910
_'

of
1956
i

Charles Kinney (resumed)

Afternoon session:
Charles Kinney (resumed)

Index
III

The House Committee on Un-American Activities is a standing committee of the House of Hepresentatives, constituted as such by the rules of the House, adopted pursuant to Article I, section 5, of the Constitution of the United States wliich authorizes the House to determine the rules of its proceedings.

RULES ADOPTED BY THE 90TH CONGRESS

House Resolution
7,

January

10,

1967

RESOLUTION
Resolved, That the Rales of the House of Representatives of the Eighty-ninth Congress, together with all applicable provisions of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended, be, and they are hereby, adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the Ninetieth Congress * * *

1.

(r)

Committee on Un-American Activities. Un-American activities. The Committee on Un-Amerioan Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee, is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (1) the extent, character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any
18.

******* ******* ******* *******

Rule

STANDING COMMITTEES

There shall be elected by the House, at the commencement of each (Congress,

Committee on Un-American

Activities, to consist of nine

Members.

Rule XI

POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES

(a) (b)

necessary remedial legislation.

The Committee on Un-American

Activities shall report to the

House

or to the

Clerk of the House if the House is not in session ) the results of any such investigation, together with such recommendations at it deems advisable. For the purpose of any svich investigation, the Committee on Un-American Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person designated by any such chairman or member. ,

To assist the House in appraising the administration of the laws and in developing such amendments or related legislation as it may deem necessary, each standing committee of the House shall exorcise continuous watchfulness of the execution by the administrative agencies concerned of any laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of such committee and, for that purpose, shall study all pertinent reports and data submitted to the House by the agencies in the executive branch of the Government.
27.
;

******* *******

SYNOPSIS

On April 23 and 24, 1968, a subcommittee of the Committee on UnAmerican Activities met in Washington, D.C., to continue its hearings on subversive influences in riots, looting, and burning. This hearing, part 4 of the series, concerns events related to the Newark, N.J., riot of
July 1967. The subcommittee was composed of Representatives Edwin E. Willis (D-La.), chairman, William M. Tuck (D-Va.), Richard H. Ichord (D-Mo.), John M. Ashbrook (R-O.), and Albert W. Watson (R-S.C.) also Representative John C. Culver (D-Iowa) in absence of Mr. Willis. Detective Captain Charles Kimiey, the witness, has been employed
;

in the Newark Police Department since 1947, serving for 19 years in the detective division. For 8 months prior to his appearance before the committee, Captain Khmey, under special assignment, has been investigating the possibility of criminal conspiracy in the Newark riot. Captain Kinney testified that there were 23 homicides and 3 related deaths during the Newark riot which took place from July 12 to July 17, 1967. He said that 1,465 arrests were made, including 91 which involved the use of deadly weapons and explosives. Also, there were

507 cases of breaking and entering. Property damage was estimated at $15.9 million, of which $4.9 million was uninsured. Of the 1,108 persons injured during the riot, the witness testified, 1,001 were civilians, 72 were police officers, and 35

were firemen.
PRERIOT PHASE

Captain Kinney testified that in 1964 a group of activists of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) came to Newark and organized the Newark Community Union Project (NCUP). The leader of this group was Thomas Hayden, former national president of SDS.

The committee's

counsel noted for the record that Hayden,

who was

born in Detroit in 1939 and who holds an A.B. degree from the University of Michigan, had been a field representative for SDS in 196162, a member of the U.S. delegation to the Commmiist-controlled Eighth World Youth Festival held in Helsinki, Finland had traveled to North Vietnam and Communist China with the U.S. Communist Party's theoretician, Herbert Aptheker, where he met with Asian revolutionary leaders in Hanoi, Peking, and Prague; had also visited Moscow and had written the foreword to Aptheker's book. Mission to Hanoi. He also collaborated with Staughton Lynd in writing The Other Side, which depicted the Viet Cong as heroes and warmly praised the North Vietnamese leaders. Associated with Hayden in NCDP were the following SDS members Jesse Allen, a founder and one of the full-time organizers of the NCUP Robert Kramer and Norman Fruchter, also full-time organ; ;
:

1851

1852 SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IX RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURNING

izers for the
;

group; Carol Glassman; Terry Jefferson; Constance

;

Brown Corinna Fales and Derek Winans.

Jesse Allen, the witness said, was both an official of and an organizer for Area Board 3 of the United Community Corporation (UCC), the Newark antipoverty agency financed by the" Office of Economic Opportunity. delegate to the 1965 SDS convention, Allen had been a speaker at a meeting of the Militant Labor Forum, a front organization for the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), a Trotskyist Communist organization on the Attorney General's subversive list. Carol Glassman, bom in New York on August 10, 1942, was an organizer who resides at its headquarters in Newark. graduate of Smith College, she and Constance Brown, a 1964 Swarthmore graduate, had attended public meetings held by the city of Newark for the purpose of "harassing the power structure." She traveled to Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, in September 1967 with Thomas Hayden a'nd 39 others where they met with representatives from Communist

NCUP

NCUP

countries.

Mrs. Dazzare (Terry) Jefferson, Captain Kimiey

treasurer of both
office
3.

testified, is

UCC's Area Board 3, also known as Action Group, and SDS's Newark Community Union
manager of

the the Peoples' Project; the

and a community organizer for Area Board technique as treasurer of these two groups has been to make out checks to "cash" which are in turn endorsed by her, thus concealing the distribution of funds. She attended the 1966 national convention of SDS. According to Neio^ Polities News, Mrs. Jefferson is a member of the executive board of the National Conference for New Politics
;

NCUP

Her

(NCNP).
Eobert Kramer, a former organizer for the NCUP, coauthored anon the Left entitled "An Approach to Community Organizing Projects," which dealt with NCUP's operations in Newark. Norman Fruchter, Kramer's collaborator on the above-mentioned article, has 'been New York editor for the magazine, Studies on the Left, an SDS publication, and also a faculty member of the Free University [School] of New York. Fruchter is also coproducer, according to the National Guardian, of various films, including the "Troublemakers," which depicts SDS activities in organizing the ghettos of Newark. Captain Kinney said that Fruchter is an adviser to SDS's Radical Education Project. He
article for Studies

also testified that a letter had been sent to Fruchter, a leading activist in NCUP, by William McAdoo on behalf of (Committee to Defend Resistance to Ghetto Life) , thanking Fruchter for his financial support and his sponsorship. / CERGE, committee counsel pointed out, was a front organization for the pro-Peking Communist organization, the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), and McAdoo was identified during this committee's New York riot hearings as tlie member who had given instructions on the making of Molotov cocktails at the time of the Harlem riot. Constance Brown, employed by the Welfare Board of Essex County, N.J., has the authority to sign checks for the Newark Commmiitv Union Project of SDS." Corinna Fales, an organizer for NCUP, had been ]:)reviously associated with SDS in Baltimore, Md., in 1963, Captain Kinney testified. Derek Winans, born in Orange, N.J., on September 4, 1938, graduated from Harvard University in 1962. journalist, Winans lias written articles ior Ramparts and The Nation magazines and has been active in numerous civil rights activities such as voter registration

CERGE

PLP


SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURKING 1853
drives in Mississippi. He helped to organize the Fair Housing Council of South Orange, Maplewood, Millbum, and Short Hills, N. J., which donated funds to the Bessie Smith Community Center in Newark, N.J. This center is a project of Area Board 3. His other activities included sponsorship of the Spring Mobilization Committee To End the War in Vietnam.^ Winans, a former leader of the Essex County chapter of the Americans for Democratic Action, was expelled in 1964 by the national body of at its convention in

ADA

Washington. The most important aspect of NCUP's activity, Captain Kinney testified, was its infiltration and actual seizure of control of some portions of the antipoverty program in Newark, particularly Area Board 3 of the United Community Corporation, which is also known as the Peoples' Action Group. That Hayden's success in Area Board 3 was to be used as the prototype for similar efforts elsewhere was made clear by the article in the radical magazine. Studies on the Left (vol. 6, No. 2, 1966), written by SDS members Norman Fruohter and Robert Kramer, entitled "An Approach to Community Organizing Projects." The contents of the article, the witness said, indicated that Hayden's operation was the model which radicals should emulate in order to capture other antipoverty programs. Another article written by Hayden himself entitled "Community Organizing and the War on Poverty," was published in the November 1965 issue of Liberation magazine. This was a valuable article, said Captain Kinney, because it i*evealed Hayden's and NCUP's position. In it Hayden attacked the official antipoverty program in Newark, the UCC. He wrote that the director's social theories soft-pedaled the idea of attacking power structures and favored instead the objective of bringing ghetto residents into the mainstream of competitive society a goal to which Hayden aj)parently objected. After describing how NCUP took over the antipoverty program in Newark's UCC Area Board 3, Hayden wrote that the quest for power should focus on the antipoverty council as much as on the city council. Another section of the same issue of Liberation in which that article was published noted that Hayden was becoming one of the magazine's associate editors starting with that issue. On the subject of alleged police brutality, Captain Kinney stated that during the past 5 years agitators in Newark have tried to exploit every possible grievance between colored and white people and every
police arrest.

ment, dated

docuPolice Department obtained a copy of an 1965, concerning field interviews of student accomand community associates of on the subject of plishments. Asked during one of these interviews what he meant when he used the term "radical," Hayden replied

The Newark

NCUP

Summer

NCUP

NCUP

civil rights

the basis of issues that you try to link campaigns for domestic-economic, and social change to foreign policy and that you have a very clear stand in favor of an end to the war in Vietnam, as well as economic change within the country. * * *

On

Hayden suggested
^

Concerning the community action part of the war on poverty, that the NCUP professional staff might be utilized
For Information on this group, see HCUA, report. Communist Origin and Manipulation Vietnam Week, March 31, 1967, House Doc. Ii86, 90th Cong., 1st sess.

of

1854 SUBVERSIVE INFI<UENCES IN

to write

RIOTS, LOOTING,

AND BURNING

Hayden added

articles for the newsletter on a regular basis. that the researcher's function should be housed in the same building as the antipoverty program's staff but physically separated in other rooms "the way the Minnis operation is set up with SNCC." Jack Minnis is the director of research for SNCC. Captain Kinney pointed out tliat Hayden's reference to Jack Minnis, a white radical, appeared to be a recognition of Minnis role in manipulating SNCC, as well as the suggestion that the Negro majority in the Peoples' Action Group (Area Board 3 of the UCC) could be better manipulated by white persons in SDS working in separate quarters but close enough to provide the impetus and ideology for the activity. Captain Kinney testified that others engaged in racial agitation in Newark prior to the riot included Phil Hutchings, 26, of Newark, SNCC's field director in New Jersey, a onetime college classmate of Stokely Carmichael at Howard University in Washington, D.C., who, in August 1966, arranged a speaking tour for Carmichael in New Jersey. He had previously worked for SNCC in Georgia and Tennessee. While in Washington, he had worked for SDS. In the spring of 1967 Hutchings and two other SNCC leaders in Newark, Robert E. Fullilove, 24, a college student, and Clinton Hopson Bey, 31, began an organizational drive in Newark. They opened a storefront "Black Liberation Center" at 107 South Orange Avenue, Newark, a location which was also used by Albert Roy Osborne, alias Colonel Hassan, when he was in Newark. When the storefront was burned out, the center moved across the street to a restaurant managed

muckraking

by Clinton Hopson Bey and Ozzie Bey. Hutchings stated, said Captain Kinney, that Newark was chosen by SNCC because of its small area and large Negro population. Moreover, Hutchings further said that Newark was one of several northern cities where SNCC hopes "to translate its black power philosophy into an outlet for frustration and an attack on conditions in the slums.'' Hutchings was appointed to UCC's board of trustees by Willie Wright, Negro militant and a vice president of the United Community Corporation. Wright had also helped Hutchings set up the Black
Liberation Center. In the spring of 1967, Hutchings had attended several local meetings of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and some preliminary meetings on the Black Power Conference in Newark. He had also become associated with the Black Panthers. Jimius Williams, the next militant activist about whom Captain Kinney testified, had written a letter to Tom Hayden which stated, in part:
Seeing you people take over the
I

War

on Poverty was quite a treat

bit.

I've decided

want

to

tamper with the power structure a

* *

At the present time Williams and Hutchings reside together in Newark. They formed a new organization called the Newark Area Planning Association with the aim of involving "the people of the Central Ward in the replanning and administration of Newark." Other individuals and their organizations who were involved in the
racial agitation in

Newark prior to the July 1967

Hassan Jeru Ahmed, whose real name is Albert Roy Osborne, Tony Williams. Osborne was born in Washington, D.C., in

riots included Colonel alias

1924. a lengthy criminal recoi'd wliich includes robbery, liousebreaking, false pretenses, forgery, and bad checks. In 1950 he was held for

He has

SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURNING 1855

mental observation. He has served time in prisons in the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Osborne, whose headquarters are in Washington, D.C., came to Newark several months prior to the 1967 riots and, said Captain Kinney, contributed to the climate that caused the riot. Osborne's group is called the Blackman's Volunteer Army of Libthe Black Star Regiment was located eration. Its so-called regiment in rooms above a store in Washington, D.C. While claiming to have battalions in major American cities, he has actually fewer than 10 followers, Osborne's avowed intention is to create a mercenary army of American Negroes to fight for the independence of central and south-

ern Africa. Willie Wright, also known as William T. Wright, was born in 1928 in Albany, Georgia. He currently resides in Newark on the second floor of a building above the offices of the United Afro- American Association, an organization which lie formed in 1965. By his association with nationally known militants and by his foreign travel, Wright has placed himself in the forefront of those seeking violent answers to the Nation's social problems, said Captain Kinney. He collaborated with Stokely Carmichael when the latter came to Newark's Central Ward to urge Negroes to take oyer Newark "lock, stock, and barrel." Wright also went to Bratislava in Communist Czechoslovakia with Hayden following the Newark riots.

Another active militant in Newark is James Walker, who was born New Haven, Conn., in 1918. Now employed bj' the United Community Corporation, OEO, as assistant director for Total Employment and Manpower (TEAM) Center No. 1 in Newark, Walker has an arrest record dating back to 1938. Prior to July 1967, Walker told two Newark Police Department lieutenants that the city "needed an incident" to bring it to the attention of the Federal Government. On the night the Newark riot started Walker was in the area fomentin

ing trouble. He helped to organize the taxicab caravan to city hall to protest the arrest of cabdriver John Smith, which had triggered the riot. Many cabdrivers complied because they were afraid to do otherwise.

Captain Kinney
in

said.

who came into Newark, in addition to those by Hayden, was a Mrs. Audley Moore, who is also known as the Queen Mother. During the meeting of the planning board mentioned above, she made inflammatory statements and hurled epithets at the policemen present who were there to maintain order. At the end of the meeting she took over the chairman's chair. According to this committee's information, Mrs. Moore, from the late 1930's until the end of the 1940's, was a publicly acknowledged member and official of the Communist Party, U.S.A., and served on its national Women's Commission. At one time she had served also as an alternate member of the national committee of the party. Because of her militant and separatist approach in calling for the establishment of a black republic in America, a position which the CPUSA had rejected in 1959, Mrs. Moore broke with the party line on the Negro question. In the spring of 1968, she participated in a conference of black militants in Detroit to formally adopt their position in callmg for the creation of a separate black republic in five southern
One
of the outsiders

brought

States.

1856 SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURNING

RIOT PHASE

The arrest of John Smith, a cabdriver, on the night of July 12, 1967, was the catalyst that set off the Newark riot. Smith, who was born in Warthen, Ga., on January 27, 1927, had had only two previous minor
brushes with the law. While the witness believed that the incident of Smith's arrest had not been planned by him, it did provide the occasion which certain individuals and groups were hoping for groups which were prepared to act decisively when the right time came. Smith, who had been driving his cab on a revoked license, was stopped on the night of July 12 by police officers whose patrol car he was tailgating. He also had been flicking his headlights on and off and alternately braking and accelerating his cab. A^-lien asked to produce his license, he became loud, profane, and abusive. He refused to leave his cab when so ordered and finally, when he did, attempted to assault both policemen. Scores of residents in a housing development near the Fourth Precinct station observed Smith's arrival, following his arrest, in the patrol car and his forcible removal from it to the police station. Soon the rumor that "White cops had killed a Negro cab driver," spread througli the area. Several hundred people gathered around the Fourth Precinct chanting for the release of Smith. fire bomb was thrown at the precinct station, Robert. Curvin, a former chairman of the Newark chapter of CORE and a participant in Newark demonstrations for many years, borrowed a bull horn from a civil rights leader who had been attempting to quiet the crowd and made inflammatory remarks to the crowd. were conPhil Hutchings of SNCC and Betty Moss of tinually haranguing the crowd with statements such as "The Blacks

NCUP

will kill all

you Short Hills cops."

Shortly after midnight a police car was stoned and the looting of stores began. By 1 a.m. the looting was increasing and spreading to other areas. Fires were set and the firemen aa ho responded to the alarms were stoned. By 2 a.m. a taxicab caravan, organized by James Walker, had formed and was converging on the city hall. James Kennedy, an official of Area Board No. 2, composed a leaflet blaming police brutality for this incident and inflaming the crowd during the same time that Police Director Spina was attempting to quiet
it.

This leaflet. Captain Kinney said, was a call for a mass meeting the night following the Smith arrest the episode which set off the fullscale Newark riot. Leaflets were circulated describing the prep^,ration and the making of Molotov cocktail fire bombs for use against such

targets as department stores. During the 5-day riot, over 200 cases of sniping were reported. Flyers were distributed, said Kinney, by the Black liberation Center which had a picture of a "very horrible-looking Uncle Sam" Avhich stated, in part, "Uncle Sam wants YOU^ nigger." LeRoi Jones, playwright, and others were also arrested during the riot for possession of firearms. He and two other men were reported to have been firing their guns from a moving vehicle during the night of the riot. Jones, according to committee counsel, was born in Newark in 1981 and was a graduate of Howard University. His plays have revealed an obsessive hatred for white persons.

SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURNING 1857

In the early 1960's this militant radical was a frequent speaker at meetings of the Trotskyist Communist Socialist Workers Party (SWP). In 1964 he told a rally of the Harlem Progressive Labor Party, a pro-Peking group, that "we're the only people" that can
*

make America fall.

He established the Black Arts Repertory Theater in 1965 and received $40,000 in Federal antipoverty funds, but these funds were later cut o& when the police discovered that his project was used as a vehicle to propagate hatred. Also, an arms cache was found in the theater building which Jones owned, noted the counsel. Captain Kimiey infonned the committee that Willie Wright had told the Governor's Select Commission on Civil Disorder that a carefully conceived plan to burn much of Newark's main business section was already in execution wlien John Smith's arrest had set off the major conflagration. POSTRIOT PHASE
Following the riot, a controversy developed over the plans of Newark's antipoverty agency, the United Community Corporation, to do what it had done the past two summers use Government money to send children to Camp Abelard, located at Hunter, N.Y. A newspaper had charged that the camp was being utilized as a training area for

leftwing activities. determination that the camp The controversy was settled by an was "unacceptable" despite the fact that the UCC had selected Corinna Fales to inspect the camp and she had given it a clean bill of

GEO

health.

Committee counsel pointed out that FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had testified that this camp had been under the control of the Communist Party since
establishment in 1929. Newark featured as a speaker Charles Kenyatta, head of the black militant Mau Mau organization, whose real name is Charles Morris and who was known as Charles 37X when he
its

One

postriot rally in

was a Muslim.
Willie Wright's United Afro-American Association also produced during the postriot period, which made reference to a policeman who had been murdered during the riot as a "racist detective" whose death was "well-earned." Also, after the riot, vicious antiSemitic and anti-Italian leaflets were circulated. The Reverend Albert Cleage of Detroit, a militant racist with a long record of extremist activitie.s, said Captain Kinney, also spoke at a in Newark. Committee counsel noted meeting sponsored by the that Cleage, associated since the late 1940's Avith numerous CPUS A fronts and enterprises, has been in recent years linked with the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party (SWP) by his support of their election candidates and by his speeches at their functions. Cleage has written that he and others had shared with the rioters their "will to violence." In 1967 Cleage was quoted as having said that "G;uerrilla warfare is the black man's answer to the white man's final solution." Hayden - i his followers have admitted, said Captain Kinney, that they want an entirely new society and a different form of government and would use any and every means to obtain their ends. Hayden and his group, said Captain Kinney, have exploited controversies in the city of Newark "to turn race against race, class against
leaflets,

UCC

1858 SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURNING

creed against creed, thereby contributing to the climate which caused the riots in Newark in July 1967, which he views as a means to an end." In his book, Rebellion in Newark^ Hayden wrote a chapter entitled "From Riot to Revolution," in which he said
class,

The role of organized violence is now being carefully considered. During a riot, for instance, a conscious guerrilla can participate in pulling police away from the path of people engaged in attacking stores. He can create disorder in new areas the ix)lice think are secure. He can carry the torch, if not all the people, to white neighborhoods and downtown business districts. If necessary, he can successfully
shoot to
kill.

Willie Wright's postriot activities, said Captain Kinney, as described by Louis Lomax during August 1967 in the Newark StarLedger^ included an admission by Wright that he was proud to be an out-and-out revolutionary. After the July riot, when addressing a group of 200 persons attending a meeting of the board of trustees. Area 2, of UCC, Wright said
that:
I say
call

we should arm ourselves with we can get our hands on and if you
;

my

oflSce

and

I will tell

cannons, machine guns, bazookas, anything know how to get some heavy weapons, you where to go and how to get them.
don't

Following this speech, which was cheered by the audience, the board voted unanimously to keep Wright as a member. Also on September 5, 1967, Wright applied for a passport to go to Paris ostensibly for a visit. Instead, he went to Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, to attend a conference of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong representatives. This week-long session was arranged by David Dellinger, editor of Liberation magazine, Wright, who had appeared "quite broke" before his trip, began to spend money more freely upon his return to America. Alvin Oliver, a coordinator for eight antipoverty programs at UCC headquarters, was also active following the riot. He was in contact with Maxwell Curtis Stanford, Jr., alias Allah Mahammad, one of the leaders of the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), RAM, a pro-Peking guerrilla warfare organization which has been linked to Castro's regime, is "dedicated to the overthrow of the capitalist system in the United States," by force if necessary, according to J. Edgar Hoover. Captain Kinney concluded his testimony by stating that the day after Dr. Martin Luther King's assassination about 175 fires were set off in Newark, the worst day of fires that the city had ever had. Captain Kinney, in reference to the publicity that there had been no
local conspiracies involved in the riot, testified that:
In Newark, certain individuals conspired, and are conspiring, to replace the leadership of the Newark Police Department. Other individual- '^onspired. and are conspiring, to turn out of office the present city administration before its lawful

term expires.
Still

other individuals conspired, and are conspiring, as part of the

movement

to replace the system of government under which we live in the United States of America, using any means to do so, including the use of force and violence. To these conspirators, the insurrection that occurred in Newark in lOfiT was a means to an end which they welcomed and exploit(Hl to serve their plot. To these conspirators, the accomplishment of any or all of the aforementioned

goals

was paramount

*.

Many Newark and New

asked the question,

Why

Jersey residents, said Captain Kinney, had weren't these consjurators prosecuted ?

SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND BURNING 1859

Mr. Tuck, the subcommittee cliairman, thanked Captain Kinney for his detailed presentation and added the following remarks
know that police departments and policemen have come in for an awful abuse in the last few years. As these hearings have revealed, Communists have played a very large role in provoking much of this criticism which has been overwhelmingly unjustified. Numerous unfounded and inflammatory charges have been made against police everywhere, and everywhere we hear the cry "police brutality" which,
lot of

We all

a Communist expression when the brutality and violence involved have actually been used not by the police but against the police and by violators of the law they were taking into custody. During these hearings we have received the testimony of a number of police officers, both Negro and white, from other cities. All of them have shown themselves to be a credit to the profession to which they belong.
incidentally,
I

believe

is

These riots must be stopped. They will destroy everything that good in America unless they are stopped and stopped now.

******

It

is fine

and

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 9999 05706 3016