THE IFFI PROJECT (ITALIAN LANDSLIDE INVENTORY): METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS

Luca Guerrieri, Alessandro Trigila & Carla Iadanza

Experts meeting on guidelines for mapping areas at risk of landslides in Europe JRC, Ispra 23-24 October 2007

CONTENTS

Objectives Methodology IFFI dataset Data processing WebGIS & WMS Services

OBJECTIVES

The IFFI Project aims at: identifying and mapping landslides over the whole Italian territory, based on standardized criteria; building up a National Landslide Geographic Information System; providing a tool for hazard and risk assessment and land use planning.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCES

The project has been financed with 4.1 Mil. Euro by the Committee of Ministries for the Land Protection, established by the Italian Government (Law n. 183/89). The institutions involved in the IFFI Project are: a) APAT - Geological Survey of Italy/Land Protection and Georesources Department, with the task of organizing and coordinating the activities, developing the guidelines, verifying the data conformity, building up a national geodatabase and a WebGIS; b) Regions and Autonomous Provinces, charged to collect historical documents, archive data and map the areas affected by landslides.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology applied to build up the Italian Landslide Inventory is based on aerial photo-interpretation, field surveys, historical documents and archive data.

Aerial photo-interpretation (Volo GAI 1954) Cetara basin (SA) - Campania

Archives data - debris flow occurred in Cetara basin during 23-24 October 1910 event.

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS & FIELD SURVEYS

M. Falterona
Falterona landslide - S. Godenzo (FI) 15 may 1335 described by Giovanni Villani in Cronica Fiorentina Manuscript del XIV sec. Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence. Extremely rapid mud-debris flow 30 april 2006, Ischia Island, 4 casualties.

MAIN DATA SOURCES

The main sources of information consulted to compile the IFFI database are: National Projects (AVI - Inventory of information on sites historically affected by landslides and floods in Italy for the period 1918/2000; SCAI - Special project for the study of unstable towns; CARG - Geological map of Italy, scale 1:50,000); Landslide inventories by Regions, River Basin Autorities, Research Institutes, Universities; River Basin plans (PAI - L. 267/98); Emergency Declarations (L.225/92); National and local public archives; Scientific and technical papers and reports.

LANDSLIDE DATASHEET

The IFFI Landslide Data Sheet is organised in three information levels of increasing detail: 1st level contains the basic data on landslide location, type of movement and state of activity; 2nd level provides data on morphometry, geological setting, lithology, land use, causes of activation, date of activation; 3rd level gives detailed information on damages, investigation process and remedial measures for risk reduction.

CARTOGRAPHY

Landslides are represented with: a georeferenced point, located at the highest point of the crown; a polygon, in case the landslide area is >10,000 square meters; a line, in case the width is too narrow and in case of debris flows. The mapping scale is 1:10,000 in the most part of Italian territory. However less resolution scale (1:25,000) has been used in mountain and sparsely populated areas.

IFFI GEO-DATABASE

The IFFI geo-database contains vector layers of landslides and an alphanumeric archive of attributes (RDBMS). The relational alphanumeric database scheme is based on the Landslide Data Sheet.

LANDSLIDE ID

The Landslide ID is a code whose values uniquely identify each landslide over the whole italian territory. This code links the alphanumeric attributes to the geographic features.

Alphanumeric data base

LANDSLIDE ID
0 2 4 0 0 0 4 1 0 0

Cartographic data base

Province ISTAT code

Progressive number inside province territory

Sub-index for complex landslides

QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS

All geometrical features of the IFFI Landslide Inventory must pass a series of validation rules before they are stored in the geo-database. APAT has defined two sets of quality control tasks: the first set, or initial set, consists of the Spatial data checks, the Attribute checks and the Geometry checks; the second one inspects the IFFI geographic data for completeness with other datasets: AVI, SCAI, CARG, PAIs.

IFFI Verification Tools designed by APAT

RESULTS

At present more than 460.000 landslides have been mapped, covering an area of about 19.700 km2 (6,5% of the whole italian territory).

TYPE OF MOVEMENT

Area affected by rock-fall/topple 11,5%

Area affected by shallow landslides 5,3%

n.d. 4,5%

Rock-fall and topple 3,4% Rotational and translational slide 32,8%

Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation 0,3% Lateral spread 0,1% Complex landslide 11,6% Sinkhole 0,1% Extremely rapid debris flow 14,9% Slow earth flow 15,5%

TYPE OF MOVEMENT

Rock topples - Dorgali (NU) - Sardegna

Roto-traslational slide evolving in slow earth flow - Ripalimosani (CB) - Molise

W
10000

ea k
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0

W ea th e
4091

re d m at er ia l
2109

m at er ia l

Jo in te d re d m at er ia l
5701

Sh ea or fis su re d m at er ia l
3000

C on tr as ti n pe rm ea bi li ty
1745

Pr ol on g ed ex ce pt io na l pr ec ip ita tio n in fa ll ra In te ns e

PREDISPOSING AND TRIGGERING FACTORS

Fr ee ze n an d th aw w he at he ri n g Sh rin k an d sw el l w ea si on th er in g of of sl op sl op e or e Fl u Ex ca va tio n vi al er o

8710 8655

1444 2763

to e its

4110

to

1055

Rapid debris flow Cervinara (AV) dicember 1999 - Forest road

DATA PROCESSING & LANDSLIDE RISK

Input data: IFFI Landslide Inventory; CORINE Land Cover 2000 archive; Road and railway networks; Digital orthophoto (Terraitaly it2000); Municipality boundary. Output data: Landslides & infrastructures; Landslide risk analysis in the italian municipalities.

LANDSLIDES AND URBAN AREAS

Cerzeto (CS) - Calabria

Sarno & Quindici (SA) 6/05/1998 400 Extremely rapid debris flows 160 Fatalities

Landslides (in red) urban areas (in yellow) Digital orthophoto TerraItaly it2000 C.G.R. S.p.A. - Parma

LANDSLIDES & INFRASTRUCTURE

Borsoi Landslide (BL) Veneto october 2000

40000 35000 30000

39070

25000 20000 15000 10000

14188

5000
693 1754

IL W A

IG

National Road SS134 Castelsardo (SS)

Deformations of rail profiles in 1991 by Petacciato landslide (CB)

EA

RISK ANALYSIS IN THE ITALIAN MUNICIPALITY

The Attention level at the municipality scale is obtained overlapping the landslide layer and the vulnerable elements layer Very high, intersection texture, industrial and settlements; with urban commercial

High, interference with lifelines, borrow pits, waste dump sites, construction works; Moderate, for farmed land, woods, urban green areas and playgrounds; Negligible, phenomena absence of landslide

5565 municipalities out of 8101 (69%) are affected by landslides Very high: 2820 municipalities Negligible: 2536 municipalities

LANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATION

Dissemination of information about landslides to national and local institutions and to the general public is a fundamental step in the successful mitigation of natural hazards.

House destroyed by extremely rapid debris flow in october 2000 Messigny (AO) - Valle DAosta

THE ITALIAN LANDSLIDE INVENTORY WEBSITE

To provide internet access to geospatial information of the IFFI Project, APAT has designed the WebGIS application Cart@net-IFFI and the WMS Service of the IFFI Inventory.

http://www.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffi

SEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLS

Cancia debris flow Borca di Cadore (BL) Veneto

Landslides identify: type of movement, degree of activity, damages, etc.

QUERY TOOL

Landslide geographic research (i.e. for municipalities, Basin Authorities)

PHOTO TOOL

Viewing photos of more important landslides

VIDEO TOOL

PRINTING LAYOUT

WEBGIS ARCHITECTURE

SQL Server ArcIMS Map Server (vector data) Web Browser

HTTP ECWP

text

text ArcSDE SINAnet

Web Server Web Browser

Cart@net-IFFI Image Web Server (raster data)

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol ECWP Enhanced Compressed Wavelet Protocol

THE IFFI PROJECT (WEB MAP SERVICE)

WMS

According to the European Directive INSPIRE 2007/2/CE (Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe) and the Open GIS Consortium specifications, WMS Services of the IFFI Inventory have also been developed. This interoperable Service allows the users to build a customized map overlaying the IFFI landslides theme with additional layers stored in the pc of the user or provided by different Internet map servers.

IFFI Project WMS

The user can access the WMS Service through a WMS viewer, as the one provided by the INSPIRE Geo-portal, or through a GIS Desktop

CONCLUSIONS

The IFFI Inventory is an homogeneous and updated archive with a detailed spatial representation of landslides and it is an important tool for hazard and risk assessment and land use planning. Since 2005 the Inventory is available on the Internet with the aim of disseminating information about Italian landslides to stakeholders and citizens. To date over 200.000 hits have been counted on the IFFI Website. The WMS Service of IFFI Inventory allows an outstanding improvement in interoperability and data sharing between public administration, research institutes, geologists and engineers.

Agenzia per la protezione dellambiente e per i servizi tecnici

Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo Servizio geologico dItalia

Organo Cartografico dello Stato

Website: www.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffi
Contacts: alessandro.trigila@apat.it carla.iadanza@apat.it luca.guerrieri@apat.it