Department of Education Region VI Western Visayas Division of Iloilo District of Pavia PAVIA PILOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

October 20, 2004 The Schools Division Superintendent Division of Iloilo La Paz, Iloilo City (Thru Channels) Sir: Attached is a copy of my Mathematics Instructional Materials in Multiplication, which could be helpful for the use of Mathematics teachers and pupils from grades III VI in the Division of Iloilo, for your perusal and approval.

Very truly yours, ELADIO J. JOVERO Teacher Recommending Approval: NENITA PENUELA, Ph.D. ES I (Math)

APPROVED: RAYMUNDO A. LAPATING, Ph. D. Schools Division Superintendent

Eladio J. Jovero

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Multiplying Numbers Mentally and Short Cut Techniques

ELADIO J. JOVERO Teacher II Pavia Pilot Elementary School District of Pavia July 2004 Eladio J. Jovero Page 2 9/14/20114

DEDICATION

To my wife Armi my children Gabriel Benedict and Ela Angelique

The inspiration of my life.

to Professor Arthur Benjamin who inspires me to discover these techniques, which was the source of 11 as the multiplier last 1998. To Thomas Edition who quotes, there is always a better way, find it. And to Sir Isaac Newton, Goetfried Leibniz belived and I that the truths of arithmetic could be derived from purely logical principles.

Eladio Joaquin Jovero

Eladio J. Jovero

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PREFACE

This instructional material was realized and created for the use of mathematics teachers as one of the options in multiplication techniques as applied in the teaching-learning process of mathematics in grades III to VI. The

multipliers start form two (2) to four (4) digit only. This is still on the try out stage. Suggestions are still being collated to enrich and improve some present techniques. Several techniques need simplification or renovation to lessen the effort in multiplication. This instructional material was prepared to provide teachers teaching the subject in mathematics III VI with a systematized technique expected to cover the lessons in multiplication.

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Ultimate Objectives
1. To create self-reliance in multiplying numbers. 2. To improve speed and accuracy in multiplication. 3. To make multiplication easier. 4. To compute small numbers mentally. 5. To eliminate difficulty of multiplying large numbers. 6. To produce pupils with much knowledge and techniques in multiplication. 7. To apply easier techniques in multiplication. 8. To lessen the effort multiplying the multiplicand by 2 or more digit multiplier.

Requirements
1. Must master the multiplication table. 2. Must master the basic techniques before applying the complex techniques. 3. Must practice always the techniques to master.

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Numbers multiply by 11. TWO DIGITS Steps: 1. Add the two numbers and write the sum in between. 2. If the sum of the two numbers is two digits, carry over to the tens place value and add. Example: 52 X 11= 572 Illustration: 5+2=7 572 Example: 84 X 11 = 924 1 Illustration: 1. 8+4 = 12 +8 2 4 = 924 2. bring down 2 9 3. carry 1 above 8 4. 8 + the carry over of 1 = 9 Note: The same procedure is used to the 3-digit numbers multiplicand or more or infinite. Numbers multiply by 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 TWO DIGITS Example: 24X12 = 288 Steps: 1. 2X4 = 8 2. 2X2 = 4+4 = 8 3. 2X1 = 2 Note: The same procedure is used to multiply 2-digit numbers multiplicand or more from 13 to 19. It will vary only on the multipliers from 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9. It is applicable to two or more digit numbers multiplicand or infinite. Rule: Always add the number to right. Multiply by 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 1000 and so on. Steps: 1. Simply bring down 0 and double the next succeeding digits. 2. If there are two digits carry over and add to the product. Example: 58 X 20 = 1 160 Illustration: 1. bring down 0 2. 2 X 8 = 16 3. bring down 6 4. carry 1 5. 2X5 = 10+1 = 11 Note: This is applicable to 3 or more digit numbers multiplicand. Eladio J. Jovero Page 6 9/14/20114

Multiply by 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81 & 91. Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 34 X 21 = 714 1X4 = 4 2X4 = 8+3 = 11 bring down 1 carry 1 above 3 2X3 = 6+1 = 7

Example: 315 X 41= 12 915 Steps: 1. 1X5 = 5 2. 4X5 = 20+1=21 3. bring down = 1 4. carry 2 above 5. 4x1= 4+3+2=9 6. 3X4=12 Note: It is applicable to two or more digit numbers multiplicand. Rule: Always add the number to the left. Multiply by 23-29, 32-39, 42-49, 52-59, 62-69, 72-79, 82-89, 92-98. Example: 48X22 = 1 056 Steps: TWO DIGITS 1. 2X8 = 16 2. bring down 6 3. carry 1 4. 2X4= 8+1 = 9, hold 9 5. 2X8 = 16+9 = 25 6. bring down 5 7. carry 2 8. 2X4 = 8+2=10 Example: 473 X 25 = 11 825 Steps: THREE DIGITS 1. 5X3= 15 11. carry 3 2. bring down 5 12. 2X4=8+3=11 3. carry 1 4. 5X7 = 35+1=36, hold 36 5. 5X4= 20, hold 20 6. 2X3=6+36=42 7. bring down 2 8. carry 4 9. 2X7=14+20+4=38 10. bring down 8 Note: It is applicable to two or more digit numbers multiplicand.

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Multiply by 42 FOUR DIGITS Example: 6 437 x 42 = 270 354 Steps: 1. 2x7 = 14 2. bring down 4 3. carry 1 4. 6+28+1 = 35 5. bring down 5 6. carry 3 7. 8+12+3 = 23 8. bring down 3 9. carry 2 10. 12+16+2 = 30 11. bring down 0 12. carry 3 13. 24+3 = 27

Note: This is applicable to 4 or more digit numbers multiplicand or more. Multiply by 54 SIX DIGITS Example: 534 645 x 54 = 28 870 830 Steps: 1. 4x5 = 20 2. bring down 0 3. carry 2 4. 16+25+2 = 43 5. bring down 3 6. carry 4 7. 24+20+4 = 48 8. bring down 8 9. carry 4 10. 16+30+4 = 50 11. bring down 0 12. carry 5 13. 12+20+5 = 37 14. bring down 7 Page 8 9/14/20114

Eladio J. Jovero

15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

carry 3 20+15+3 = 38 bring down 8 carry 3 25+3 = 28

Note: This is applicable to 7 or more digit numbers or more multiplicand. Multiply by 22 SIX DIGITS Example: 534 632 x 22 = 11 761 904 Steps: OR 1. 2x2= 4 2. 4+6 = 10 3. bring down 0 4. carry 1 above 12 5. 6+12+1 = 19 6. bring down 9 7. carry 1 above 8 8. 8+12+1 = 21 9. bring down 1 10. carry 2 above 6 11. 6+8+2 = 16 12. bring down 6 13. carry 1 above 10 14. 10+6+1 = 17 15. bring down 7 16. carry 1 above 10 again 17. 10+1 = 11 5 3 4 6 3 2 x 22 10 6 8 12 6 4 11 7 6 1 9 0 4
steps: 1. bring down 4 2. 6+4 = 10 3. bring down 0 4. carry 1 above 12 5. 6+12+1 = 19 6. bring down 9 7. carry 1 above 8 8. 12+8+1 = 21 9. bring down 1 10. carry 2 above 6 11. 8+6+2 = 16 12. bring down 6 13. carry 1 above 10 14. 6+10+1 = 17 15. bring down 7 16. carry 1 above 10 17. 10+1 = 11

Note: This is applicable to seven or more digit numbers multiplicand.

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Multiply by 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88 and 99 EIGHT DIGITS Example: 5 476 354 X 33 = 180 719 682 Steps: 1. 3x4 = 12 2. bring down 2 3. carry 1 4. 12+15+1 = 28 5. bring down 8 6. carry 2 7. 9+15+2 = 26 8. bring down 6 9. carry 2 10. 9+18+2 = 29 11. bring down 9 12. carry 2 13. 18+21+2 = 41 14. bring down 1 15. carry 4 16. 12+21+4 = 37 17. bring down 7 18. carry 3 19. 15+12+3 = 30 20. bring down 0 21. carry 3 22. 15+3 = 18

Note: This is applicable to 9 digit numbers or more multiplicand. If the multiplier is 22, just double the multiplicand and add them from the ones place value and so on. If the multiplier is 33, just triple the multiplicand and add them from the ones place value and so on. If the multiplier is 44, make the multiplicand 4 times the value and add them from ones place and so on. If the multiplier is 55, make the multiplicand 5 times the value and add them from ones place value and so on. If the multiplier is 66, make the multiplicand 6 times the value and add them from ones place value and so on. If the multiplier is 77, make the multiplicand 7 times the value and add them from ones place value and so on. If the multiplier is 88, make the multiplicand 8 times the value and add them from ones place value and so on. If the multiplier is 99, make the multiplicand 9 times the value and add them from ones place value and so on. Eladio J. Jovero Page 10 9/14/20114

Example: 999 x 99 = 98 901 Steps: 1. 9 x 9 = 81 2. bring down = 1 3. carry 8 4. 9 x 9 = 81 +8=89, hold 89 5. 9 x 9 = 81 = 81, hold 81 6. 9 x 9 = 81 + 89= 170 7. bring down 0 8. carry 17 9. 9 x 9 = 81 + 17 = 98 + 81 = 179 10. bring down 9 11. carry 17 12. 9 x 9 = 81 + 17 = 98 Multiply by 101 TWO DIGITS Example: 35 X 101= 3 535

9 9 9 x 99 = 98 901 81 81 81 98901 Steps: 1. 9x9 = 81 2. bring down 1 3. carry 8 above the 2nd 81 4. 81+81 = 162+8= 170 5. bring down 0 6. carry 17 above the 3rd 81 7. 81+81 = 162+17=179 8. bring down 9 9. carry 17 above the 3rd 81 10. 81+17 = 98

Note: Any 2-digit numbers multiplied by 101, just write the number twice. THREE DIGITS Example: 142X101= 14 342 Illustration:

142 + 142

1. bring down 42 2. 1+2= 3 3. bring down 14 Note: If the sum is two digits carry over to the next place value and add. Example: 876X 101= 88476 Illustration: 876 + 876 Steps: 1. write the numbers in a double figure 2. 6+8= 14 3. bring down 4 4. carry 1 above 7 5. 7+1= 8 6. bring down 8 Note: This is applicable to three-digit numbers multiplicand only.

Steps:

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FOUR DIGITS 8274 x 101 = 835674 Example: 3 142X101= 317342 Steps: Steps: 1. bring down 74 2. 2+4 = 6 1. 1X42 = 42 3. 7+8 = 15 2. ignore 0 4. bring down 5 3. 1X1 = 1 and hold 1 5. carry 1 above 2 4. 1X3 = 3 and hold 3 6. 82+1=83 5. Then, 1X2 = 2+1= 3 6. 1X4 = 4+3=7 7. 1X1 = 1 8. 1X3 = 3 or 1X31= 31 Note: This is applicable to five or more digit numbers multiplicand. Multiply by 102 - 109. TWO DIGITS Example: 64X102= 6528 Steps: 1. 2X4=8 2. 2x6=12 3. bring down 2 4. carry 1 above 4 5. 4+1=5 6. bring down 6 THREE DIGITS Example: 453X102= 462 906 Steps: 1. 2X3 = 6 2. 2X5= 10 3. bring down 0 4. carry 1 5. 2X4= 8+1=9 6. 3+9=12 7. bring down 2 8. carry 1 9. 5+1= 6 10. bring down 4 58 x 102 = 5916 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2x8=16 bring down 6 carry 1 above 5 2x5 = 10+1 = 11 bring down 1 carry 1 above 8 58+1 = 59

657 x 102= 67014 Steps: 1. 2x7=14 2. bring down 4 3. carry 1 above 5 4. 2x5 = 10+1= 11 5. bring down 1 6. carry 1 above 6 7. 2x6=12+1 = 13+7 = 20 8. bring down 0 9. carry 2 above 5 10. 1x65=65+2= 67

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FOUR DIGITS Example: 2756X102 = 281112 Steps: 1. 2X6=12 13. 2. bring down 2 14. 3. carry 1 15. 4. 2X5 = 10+1=11 16. 5. bring down 1 17. 6. carry 1 18. 7. 2X7=14+1=15 19. 8. hold 5 9. carry 1 10. 2X2=4+1=5 11. hold 5 12. 5+6=11

bring down 1 carry 1 5+5=10+1=11 bring down 1 carry 1 7+1=8 bring down 2
2756 x 102 = 281112 steps: 1. 2x6=12 2. bring down 2 3. carry 1 above 5 4. 2x5 = 10+1 = 11 5. bring down 1 6. carry 1 above 7 7. 2x7=14+1=15+6=21 8. bring down 1 9. carry 2 above 2 10. 2x2=4+2=6+5=11 11. bring down 1 12. carry 1 above 7 13. 27+1 = 28

OR Example: 2437 x 102 = 248 574 Steps: 1. 2x7 = 14 2. bring down 4 3. carry 1 over 3 4. 2x3=6+1= 7 5. 2x4=8, hold or 8+7 =15, bring down 5, carry 1 6. 2x2 = 4, hold or 4+3+1 = 8 7. 1x7=7+8= 15 8. bring down 5 9. carry 1 over 3 10. 1x3=3+1+4 = 8 11. bring down 24 SIX DIGITS Example: 853 724 x 102 = 87 079 848 Steps: 1. 2x4 = 8 2. 2x2= 4 3. 2x7 = 14, hold 4. 2x3 = 6, hold 5. 2x5 = 10, hold 6. 2x8 = 16, hold 7. 14+4(4 is the place value of ones) = 18 8. bring down 8 9. carry 1 over 2 Eladio J. Jovero Page 13

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10. 6+2+1 = 9 11. 10+7 = 17 12. bring down 7 13. carry 1 over 3 14. 16+1+3 = 20 15. bring down 0 16. carry 2 over 5 17. 5+2 = 7 18. bring down 8 Note: It is applicable to 7 or more digit numbers multiplicand. Multiply by 110 TWO DIGITS Example: 37 X 110 = 4070 Steps: 1. 10X7 = 70 or bring down 0 and 1X7=7 2. 3+7=10 3. bring down 0 4. carry 1 above 4 5. 3+1=4 THREE DIGITS Example: 652 x 110 = 71720 Steps: 1. 10 x 2 = 20 2. 5 + 2 = 7 3. 5 + 6 = 11 4. bring down 1 5. carry 1 to 6 6. 6 + 1 = 7 OR 1. bring down 0 2. bring down 2 3. 2+5 = 7 4. 6+5 = 11 5. bring down 1 6. carry 1 7. 6+1 = 7 Note: This is applicable to 4 or more digit numbers multiplicand.

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Multiply by 111. TWO DIGITS Example: Steps: 2. 3. 4. 5. 74 x 111 = 8214

1. bring down 4 or 1 x 4 = 4
7 + 4 = 11 bring down 1 carry 1 above 4 7 + 4 = 11 + 1 = 12 6. bring down 2 7. carry 1 above 7 8. 1 x 7 = 7 + 1 = 8 THREE DIGITS

Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

214 x 111 = 23754 bring down 4 4 + 1= 5 4+1+2= 7 1+2= 3 bring down 2 537 x 111 = 59, 607 bring down 7 7 + 3= 10 bring down 0 carry 1 above 3 7+3+5 = 15+1=16 bring down 6 carry 1 above 5 3+5 = 8+1= 9 bring down 5

Note: This is applicable to 4 or more digit numbers multiplicand.

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FIVE DIGITS Example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Tip: 21432 X 111 = 2 378 952 bring down = 2 OR 2+3=5 + 2+3+4= 9 3+4+1= 8 4+1+2= 7 1+2= 3 bring down 2 21432 x 11 = 235 752 21432 x 1 = 21432 = 2 378 952

In multiplying 2-digit numbers, let the lower number be the multiplier and let the greater number be the multiplicand. Multiply by 111 TWO DIGITS Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 48 x 111= 5 328 bring down = 8 8+4= 12 bring down 2 carry 1 8+4 = 12+1= 13 bring down 3 carry 1 1x4= 4+1 = 5

THREE DIGITS Example: 375 x 111= 41 625 or Steps: 1. 1 x 5 = 5 or bring down 5 2. 1 x 7 = 7 3. hold 7 4. 1 x 3 = 3 5. hold 3 6. 1 x 5 = 5+7= 12 7. bring down 2 8. carry 1 9. 1 x7 = 7+3+5 = 15+1=16 10. bring down 6 11. carry 1 12. 1x3 = 3+7=10+1= 11 Eladio J. Jovero Page 16 643 x 111 = 71 373 Steps: 1. bring down 3 2. 4+3 = 7 3. 4+3 = 7+6 =13 4. bring down 3 5. carry 1 above 4 6. 4+6 = 10 + 1= 11 7. bring down 1 8. carry 1 above 6 9. 6+1 = 7

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13. bring down 1 14. carry 1 15. 1 x 3 = 3+1= 4 Multiply by 112 - 119 TWO DIGITS Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 54 x 112 = 6 048 2x4=8 2 x 5 = 10 + 4 = 14 bring down 4 carry 1 above 5 5+4 = 9+1 = 10 bring down 0 carry 1 above 5 5 +1 = 6

Multiply by 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811, & 911 TWO DIGITS Example: 85 x 211 = 17 935 Steps: 1. bring down 5 or 1x5= 5 2. 1 x8 = 8, hold 8 3. 1x5= 5, hold 5 4. 8+5 = 13 5. bring down 3 6. carry 1 7. 1x8= 8, hold 8 8. 2x5 = 10+8= 18+1 = 19 9. bring down 9 10. carry 1 11. 2x8 = 16+1 = 17 THREE DIGITS Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Eladio J. Jovero 372 x 211 = 78 492 brig down 2 1 x 7 = 7, hold 7 1 x 3 = 3, hold 3 1 x 2 = 2+7 = 9 Page 17 9/14/20114

5. 1 x 7 = 7, hold 7 6. 1x3= 3, hold 3 7. 2 x 2 = 4+3+7 = 14 8. bring down 4 9. carry 1 10. 2 x 7 =14+3+1= 18 11. bring down 8 12. carry 1 13. 2x3 = 6+1= 7 Note: This is applicable to 4 or more digit numbers multiplicand. Multiply by 202 - 209, 302 - 309, 402 409, 502- 509, 602 609, 702 709, 802 - 809, 902- 909. TWO DIGITS Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 74 x 202 = 14 948 or 202 x 74 2x4= 8 2x 7 = 14 bring down 4 carry 1 skip 0 2x4 = 8+1= 9 2x7 = 14

THREE DIGITS Example: 348 x 202 = 70 296 Steps: 1. 2 x 8 = 16 2. bring down 6 3. carry 1 4. 2x4=8+1=9 5. 2x3=6, hold 6 6. skip 0 7. 2x8 = 16+6 = 22 8. bring down 2 9. carry 2 10. 2x4=8+2 = 10 11. bring down 0 12. carry 1 13. 2x3 = 6+1 = 7 Multiply by 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, & 910

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TWO DIGITS Example: 67 x 210 = 14 070 Steps: 1. 10 x 7 = 70 2. 1 x 6 = 6 3. hold 6 4. 2x7 = 14 + 6 = 20 5. bring down 0 6. carry 2 7. 2 x 6 = 12+2= 14 THREE DIGITS Example: 874 x 210 = 183 540 Steps: 1. 10 x 4 = 40 2. 1 x7 = 7 3. hold 7 4. 1x8= 8 5. hold 8 6. 2 x 4 = 8 +7 = 15 7. bring down 5 8. carry 1 9. 2 x7 = 14+1+8 = 23 10. bring down 3 11. carry 2 12. 2 x 8 = 16+2 = 18

OR

48 x 510 = 24 480 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. bring down 0 1x8=8 5x8= 40+4 = 44 bring down 4 carry 4 above 4 5x4=20+4 = 24

Note: This technique applicable to 4 or more digit numbers multiplicand.

Multiply by 1010 TWO DIGITS Example: 74 X 1010 = 74740 Step: Write the 2-digit numbers twice and add 0 Note: This is only applicable to 2-digit numbers multiplicand.

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THREE DIGITS Example: 625 x 1010 = 631 250 Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 25 x 10 = 250 6+5 = 11 bring down 1 carry 1 above 2 1 x 62 = 62 + 1 = 63

FOUR DIGITS Example: 8425 x 1010 = 8 509 250 Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 25 x 10 = 250 4+5 = 9 8+2 = 10 bring down 0 carry 1 above 4 1 x 84 = 84+1 = 85

FIVE DIGITS Example: 37674 x 1010 = 38 023 470 Steps: 1. 47 x 10 = 470 2. 6+7 = 13 3. bring down 3 4. carry 1 above 7 5. 7+4 = 11+1 = 12 6. bring down 2 7. carry 1 above 3 8. 3+6 = 9+1 =10 9. bring down 0 10. carry 1 above 7 11. 37+1 = 38 Note: The same pattern is use to find the product of 6 or more digit numbers multiplicand.

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Multiply by 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811 and 911 TWO DIGITS Example: 85 x 211 = 17 935 Steps: 1. bring down 5 or 1x5 = 5 or 1. bring down 5 2. 1x8 = 8 2. 8 + 5 = 13 3. hold 8 3. bring down 3 4. 1 x5 = 5 4. carry 1 above 8 5. hold 5 5. 1 x 8 = 8+1=9, hold 6. 8+5=13 6. 2x5 = 10+9= 19 7. bring down 3 7. bring down 9 8. carry 1 8. carry 1 9. 1 x 8= 8 9. 2x8 = 16+1 = 17 10. hold 8 11. 2 x5 = 10+8+1 = 19 12. bring down 9 13. carry 1 14. 2x8 = 16+1 = 17 OR Steps: 1. 372 x 11 = 4092 2. 372 x 2 = 744 3. then add the product by moving 2 places to the left as shown below: 4092 +7 44 78 492 THREE DIGITS Example: 372 x 211 = 78 492 Steps: 1. bring down 2 2. 1x7 = 7,hold 7 3. 1x3= 3,hold 3 4. 1 x 2 = 2+7 = 9 5. 1x7 = 7, hold 7 6. 1x3 = 3, hold 3 7. 2x2 = 4+3+7 = 14 8. bring down 4 9. carry 1 10. 2x7 = 14+3+1 = 18 11. bring down 8 12. carry 1 13. 2x3=6+1 = 7

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Multiply by 212219, 312-319, 412-419, 512-519, 612-619, 712-719, 812-819, and 912-919. Example: 56x212 = 11 872 Steps: or 1. 2x6= 12 2. bring down 2 3. carry 1 4. 2x5= 10+1= 11, hold 11 5. 1x6=6+11= 17 6. bring down 7 7. carry 1 8. 1x5= 5+1 = 6, hold 6 9. 2x6=12+6= 18 10. bring down 8 11. carry 1 12. 2x5= 10+1 = 11 Example: 475 X 212 = 100 700 Steps: or 1. 2x5 =10 2. bring down = 0 3. carry 1 4. 2x7 = 14+1=15, hold 5. 2x4=8, hold 6. 1x2=5+15=20 7. bring down 0 8. carry 2 9. 1x7=7+8+2=17 10. bring down 7 11. carry 1 12. 1x4=4+1=5, hold 13. 2x5 =10 14. bring down 0 15. carry 1 16. 2x7=14+1+5 = 20 17. bring down 0 18. carry 2 19. 2x4=8+2= 10 56 x 212 = 11 872 Steps: 1. 56 x 12 = 672 2. 2x56 = 112 3. then add the product by moving two places to the left as shown below. 672 +112 11872

475x212 = 100 700 Steps: 1. 475x12=5700 2. 475x2= 950 3. then add the product by moving the 2nd product two places to the left as shown below. 5700 +950 100700

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FOUR DIGITS Example: 4357 x 212 = 923 684 Steps: 1. 4357 x 12 = 52284 2. 4357 x 2 = 8714 3. then add as shown below: 52284 +8714 923684 Note: This technique is applicable to 4 or more digit numbers or infinite multiplicand. Multiplied by 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810 & 910 TWO DIGITS Example: 57 x 210 = 11 970 Steps: 1. Bring down 0 then ignore multiplying by zero 2. 1 x 7 = 7 or 7 x 10 = 70 3. 2 x 17 = 14 +5 = 19 4. bring down 9 5. carry 1 6. 2 x 5 = 10+1 = 11 THREE DIGITS Example: 873 x 210 = 183 330 Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3 x 10 = 30 2 x 3 = 6+7 = 13 bring down 3 carry 1 2 x 7 = 14 +8 +1 = 23 bring down 3 carry 2 2 x 8 = 16+2 = 18

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FOUR DIGITS Example: 4372 x 210 = 918 120 Steps: 1. 10 x 2= 20 2. 1 x 7= 7 3. 1 x 3 = 3 4. 1 x 4 = 4 5. 2 x 2 = 4 + 7 = 11 6. bring down 1 7. carry 1 8. 2 x 7 = 14+1 = 15 9. bring down 5 10. carry 1 11. 2 x 3 = 6 +1 = 7 12. 2 x 4 = 8

Note: This is applicable to 5 or more digit numbers multiplicand. Multiply by 220, 330, 440, 550, 660, 770, 880 & 990. TWO DIGITS Example: 48 Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. OR Steps: 1. 2. 3. x 220 = 10 560 bring down 0 2x8 = 16 bring down 6 carry 1 2x4 = 8+1= 9, hold 2x8 = 16+9 = 25 bring down 5 carry 2 2x4=8+2 = 10
4 8 x 220 = 10560 8 16 Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. bring down 0 2x8= 16 bring down 6 carry 1 above 8 8+16=24+1=25 bring down 5 carry 2 above 8 8+2=10

48 x 20 = 960 48 x 2 = 96 then add by moving two places to the left, as shown below: 960 +96 10560

This is applicable to 3 or more digit numbers multiplicand. Eladio J. Jovero Page 24 9/14/20114

Note: The same pattern is used when 330, 440, 550, 660, 770, 880 & 990 multiplies by 3 or more digit numbers multiplicand. If 330, triple each digit. If 440, quadruple each digit. If 550, multiply by 5 each digit. If 660, multiply by 6 each digit. If 770, multiply by 7 each digit. If 880, multiply by 8 each digit. If 990, multiply by 9 each digit. Multiply by 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888 & 999 TWO DIGITS Example: 43 X 222 = 9 546 4 3 x 222 = 9546 8 6
Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
bring down 6 6 + 8 = 14 bring down 4 carry 1 above 8 8+1 = 9 + 6 = 15 bring down 5 carry 1 above 8 8+1=9

THREE DIGITS 347 X 222 = 7 7034

3 4 7 X 22 = 7 634 347 X 2 = 694 7 634 + 694 7 7034 Note: In multiplying 347 by 22, 33, 44, 66, 77, 88, & 99 use the technique above.

Note: The same technique is used to multiply 2 digit numbers by 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888 and 999. The same technique is used to multiply 3 or more digit numbers by 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, and 999.

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Multiply by 221-291, 331-391, 441-491, 551-591, 661-691, 771-791, 881-891, 991 TWO DIGITS THROUGH SIMPLIFYING Example: 38 x 221 = 8 398 Steps: 1. 38 x 21 = 798 2. 38 x 2 = 76 3. then add the product by moving two places to the left, as shown below. 798 +76 8398 Note: This technique is applicable to 3 or more digit numbers or infinite multiplicand. Multiply by 222, 333,444,555,666,777,888, and 999. THREE DIGITS THROUGH SIMPLIFYING Example: Steps: 1. 2. 3. 652 X 222 = 144 744 652 x 22 = 14344 652 x 2 = 1304 then add the product by moving two places to the left, as shown below: 14344 +1304 144744 digit multiplier, it can be digit multiplier, it can be digit multiplier, it can be digit multiplier, it can be

Note: In multiplying numbers with 3 & 4 multiplied twice. In multiplying numbers with 5 & 6 multiplied thrice. In multiplying numbers with 7 & 8 multiplied 4times. In multiplying numbers with 9 & 10 multiplied 5 times.

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