IS 802 P 1 To 3

I S802( Pa r t l/ Sec 1 ) : 1995
vRT%mmF
Indian Standard
USE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL IN OVERHEAD
TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS -
CODE OF PRACTICE
IPJSRT 1 MATERIALS, LOADS AND PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
Section 1 Materials and Loads
(Third Revision)
First Reprint MAY 1997
UDC 669.14.018.29 : 621.315.668.2 : 624.042 : 006.76
8 BIS 1995
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
September 1995
Price Group 8
,
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 7
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Third Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after
the draft finalized by the Structural Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Council.
The standards under IS 802 series have been prepared with a view to establish uniform practices
for design, fabrication, inspection and testing of overhead transmission line towers.
Part 1 of the
standard covers requirements in
regard to material, loads and permissible stresses apart from
other relevant design provisions.
Provisions for fabrication, galvanizing, inspection and packing
have been covered in Part 2 whereas provisions for testing of these towers have been covered
in Part 3.
This standard was first published in 1967 and subsequently revised in 1973 and in 1977.
In this
revision, the standard has been split in two sections, namely Section 1 Materials and loads, and
Section 2 Permissible stresses.
Some
a)
b)
cl
of the major modifications made in this Section are as under:
Concept of maximum working load multiplied by the factors of safety as per IE Rules has
been replaced by the ultimate load concept.
For assessing the loads on tower, concept of reliability, security and safety have been
introduced on the basis of IEC 826 : 1991 Technical report on loading and strength of
overhead transmission lines.
Basic wind speed based *on peak gust velocity, averaged over 3 seconds duration, as per
the wind map of India grven in IS 875 ( Part 3 ) : 1987 Code of practice for design loads
( other than earthquake ) for buildings and structures :
Part 3 Wind loads ( second revision )
has been kept as the basis of calculating reference wind speed. Terrain and topography
characteristics of the ground have been taken into consideration in working out the design
wind speeds.
d) Wind loads on towers and conductors have been revised.
These are based on the modified
wind map of the country. Reference wind speed averaged over 10 minutes duration has
been used for the determination of wind loads.
Provisions for the Temperature Effects have been modified. In order to permit additional
current carrying capacity in the conductor the maximum temperature in the ACSR
conductor has now been permitted to be 75C in any part of the country.
For aluminium
alloy ( AAAC ) conductor, the corresponding maximum temperature has been permitted
to be 85C.
Provisions for anti cascading checks have been included for angle towers.
Provisions for multi circuit towers have been included.
h) Consequent to the merger of IS 226 : 1975 Structural steel ( Standard quality ) in
IS 2062 : 1992 Specification for weldable structural steel ( third revision ) steels conforming
to IS 2062 : 1992 and IS 8500 : 1992 Specification for weldable structural steel ( medium
and high strength qualities ) have been included.
j) With the publication of IS 12427 : 1988 Transmission tower bolts these bolts ( property
class 5.6 ) and bolts of property class 8.5 conforming to IS 3757 : 1985 High strength
structural bolts ( second revision ) have been included in addition to bolts, of property class
4.6 conforming to IS 6539 : 1972 H:xagon bJlts for steel structures.
As transmission line towers are comparatively light structures and also that the maximum
wind pressure is the chief criterion for the design, the Sectional Committee felt that concurrence
of earthquake and maximum wind pressure is unlikely to take place.
However in earthquake
prone areas the design of towers/foundations shall bs checked for earthquake forces correspond-
ing to nil wind and minimum temperature in accordance with IS 1893 : 1984 Criteria for
earthquake resistant design of structures (fourth revision ).
( Continued on third cover )
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
Indian Standard
USE QF STRUCTURAL STEEL IN OVERHEAD
TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS -
I? PRACTICE
PART 1 MATERIALS, LOADS AND PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
Section 1 Materials and Loads
( Third Revision )
I SCOPE
I.1 This stiindard ( Part I/SW 1 ) stipulates
materials and !oads to be adopted in the design
of I;c!f-<ul)porting steel lattice towers for
ov::hzad t ran ;mission lines.
1.1.1 Permissible stresses and other design
parrmftrrs are covered in IS 802 ( Part I/
Set 2 ) : i992 of this standard.
1.1.2 Provisions on fabrication including galva-
nizing, inspection and packing, etc, and testing
of transmission line towers have been covered
in IS 8{)2 ( Part 2 ) : 1978 and IS 802 ( Part 3 ) :
1978 respectively.
I.2 This standard does not cover river crossing
towers a:id g~tyed towers. These will be c,)vered
in separ:i!c standards.
2 REFERENCL;S
The Indian StanLlards listed in Annex A are
necessary adjuncts to this standard
3 STATUTORY REQIJIRENENTS
3.1 Statutory requirements as laid down in the
Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 or by any other
statutory body applicable to such structures ;IS
covered in this standard shall be satisfied.
3.2 Compliance with this standard does not
relieve any user from the responsibility of
observing local and provincial building byelaws,
iire and safety laws and other civil aviation
requirements appi.lcable to such structures.
4 TFRMINOL&
3
J
4.1 Return Period
Return period is the mean interval between
recurrences of a climatic event of defined
magnitude. The inverse of the return period
gives the probability of exceeding the event in
one year.
4.2 Reliability
Reliability of a transmission system is the
probabi!ty that thr cystem would perform its
function/task under the desigl7ed load condi-
tions for a speci:i:: parioli in simple terms,
the reliability mdy be defined as the probability
that a giver? item will indzcd survive a give:l
service t?nVirr~!llllCil t anf1 loxling for a prescri-
bed period of time.
4.3 Security
The abi!ity of d system to be protected from
any major collapse such a:, c:r\cading clfc.ct, if
a faiiure i5 triggered in a give:1 comp<>?ent.
Security is a deterii!initic cb)jlcept as opposed
to rclinbilily which is a probabilistic.
4.4 Safety
The ability of a svstem not to cause human
injur!ec. or loss of iife. I: relates, in this code,
mainly to protection of Tw0l.kll.s during construc-
tion and maintennnLr: operations.
5 MATERIALS
5.1 Structural Steel
The tower member; incluJing cross; arm3 shall
be of stiuctural steel conforming to any of the
grade, ah ap;>ropriate, of iS 2062 : 1992. Steel
conforming to any of the appropriat<.: grade of
IS 8500 : 1992 may also be used.
5.1.1 Meclium and high strength structural steels
with known prdpertics conforming to other
national and intrrnativnal standards may also
be used subject to the approval of the purchaser.
5.2 Bolts
5.2.1 Bolts for- lower connections shall conform
to TS 12427 : 1988 or of property class 4.6 con-
forming to IS 6639 : 1972,
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
5.2.2 High strength bolts, if used ( only with
structural steels of IS 8500 : 1992) shall conform
to property class 8.8 of IS 3757 : 1985.
5.2.3 Foundation bolts shall conform to IS 5624 :
1970.
5.5 Galvanization
5.5.1 Structural members of the towers, plain
and heavy washers shall be gaIvanizcd in accor-
dance with the provisions of IS 4759 : 1984.
5.2.4 Step bolts shall conform to IS 10238 : 1982.
5.3 Nuts
5.5.2 Threaded fasteners shall be galvanized to
conform to the requirements of IS 1367
(Part 13 ) : 1983.
5.3.1 Nuts shall conform to IS 1363 ( Part 3 ) :
1992. The mechanical properties shall conform
to property class 4 or 5 as the case may be as
specified in IS 1367 ( Part 6 ) : 1980 except that
the proof stress for nuts of property class 5 shall
be as given in IS 12427 : 1988.
5.5.3 Spring washers shall be hot dip galvanized
as per service grade 4 of IS 4759 : 1984 or
electro galvanized as per service grade 3 of
IS 1573 : 1986 as specified by the purchaser.
5.6 Other Materials
5.3.2 Nuts to be used with high strength bolts
shall conform to IS 6623 : 1985.
Other materials used in the constraction of the
tower shall conform to appropriate Indian
Standards wherever available.
5.4 Washers
6 TYPES OF TOWERS
5.4.1 Washers shall conform to IS 2016 : 1967.
Heavy washers shall conform to IS 6610 : 1972.
Spring washers shall conform to type B of
1s 3063 : 1972.
5.4.2 Washers to be used with high strength
bolts and nuts shall conform to IS 6649 : 1985.
6.1 The selection of the most suitable types of
tower for transmission lines depends on the
actual terrain through which the line traverses.
Experience has, however, shown that any com-
bination of the following types of towers are
generally suitable for most of the lines :
i ) Su sp e n si on towers ( with I or V suspension insulator strings )
a) Tangent towers ( 0 ) with
To be used on straight runs only.
suspension string
b) Intermediate towers ( 0 to 2 ) To be used on straight runs and upto 2 line
with suspension string deviation.
c) Light angle towers ( 0 to 5 ) To be used on straight runs and upto 5 line
with suspension string deviation.
NOTE - In the selection of suspension tower either (b) above or a combination of (a) and (c) may be
followed.
ii) Tension towers
a)
b)
cl
d)
e)
Small angle towers ( 0 to 15 )
with tension string
Medium angle towers ( 0 to 30 )
with tension string
Large angle towers ( 30 to 60 )
with tension string
Dead-end towers with tension
string
Large angle and dead-end towers
with tension string
To be used for line deviation from 0 to 15.
To be used for line deviation 0 to 30.
To be used for line deviation from 30 to 60.
To be used as dead-end ( terminal ) tower or
anchor tower.
To be used for line deviation from 30 to 60 or
for dead-ends.
NOTE- In the selection of tension towers either (e) above or a combination of (c) and (d) may be
followed.
2
6.2 The angles of line deviation specified in 6.1
are for the design span. The span may, however,
be increased upto an optimum limit with
reducing angle of line deviation, if adequate
ground and phase clearances are available.
7 RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
7.1 Transmission lines shall be designed for the
reliability levels given in Table 1. These levels
arc expressed in terms of return periods in years
of climatic ( wind ) loads. The minimum yearly
reliability ls,
corresponding to the return
period, T, is expressed as Ps =
(
1 - -&
)
Table 1 Reliability Levels of
Transmission Lines
( Clause 7.1 )
SI Description Reliability Levels
No
~---_-A-_-_,
1 2 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) Return period of design 50 150 500
loads, in years, T
ii) Yearly reliability, PB
1-10-s A-lo-8.5 l-lo-
____-- _- .-.
7.2 Reliability level 1 shall be adopted for EHV
transmission lines upto 400 kV class.
7.3 Reliability level 2 shall be adopted for EHV
transmission lines above 400 kV class.
7.4 Triple and quadruple circuit towers upto
400 kV lines shall be designed corresponding to
the reliability level 2.
7.5 Reliability level 3 shall be adopted for tall
river crossing towers and special towers,
although these towers are not covered in this
standard.
8 WIND EFFECTS
8.1 Basic Wind Speed, Vb
Figure 1 shows basic wind speed map of India
as applicable at 10 m height above mean ground
level for the six wind zones of the country. Easic
wind speed vb is based on peak gust velocity
averaged over a short time interval of about 3
seconds, corresponds to mean heights above
ground level iu an open terrain ( Category 2 )
and have been worked out for a 50 years return
period [ Refer IS 875 ( Part 3 ) : 1987 for further
details 3.
Basic wind speeds for the six wind zones ( see
Fig. 1 ) are :
IS 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1 9 9 5
Wind Zotie Basic Wind Speed, vb m/s
1 33
2 39
3 44
4 47
5 50
6 55
NOTE - In case the line traverses on the border of
different wind zones, the higher wind speed may be
considered.
8.2 Meteorological Reference Wind Speed, VR
It is extreme value of wind speed over an aver-
aging period of 10 minutes duration and is to
be calculated from basic wind speed vb by the
following relationship :
VR = vb/ &
where
K0 is a factor to convert 3 seconds peak
gust speed into average speed of wind
during 10 minutes period at a level of
10 metres above ground. K,, may be taken
as 1.375.
8.3 Design Wind Speed, v,
Reference wind speed obtained in 8.2 shall be
modified to include the following effects to get
the design wind speed:
a ) Risk coefficient, K,; and
b ) Terrain roughness coefficient, K,.
It may be expressed as follows:
vd = VR X K, X K,.
8.3.1 Risk Coefjcient, Kl
Table 2 gives the values of risk coefficients Kl
for different wind zones for the three reliability
levels.
Table 2 Risk Coefficient Kl for Different
Reliability Levels and Wind Zones
( Clause 8.3.1 )
Reliability Coeftlcient K, for Wind Zones
Level
-1
&
-----
2 3 4 5 6
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1 1.00 I*00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 1.08 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 I.14
3 1.17 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.28 1.30
3
IS 802 ( Part l,/Sec 1 ) : 1995
8.3.2 Terrain Roughness Coefjcient , K,
Table 3 gives the values of coefiicient K, fvr the
three categories of terrain roughness (see
8.3.2.1 ) corresponding to 10 minutes averaged
wind speed.
Table 3 Terrain Roughness Coefficient, K,
( CIause 3.3.2 )
Terrain Category
Coefficient, K,
1 2 3
---
1.08 1.00 0.85
NOTE - For lines encountering hills/ridges, the
value of K, for a given terrain shall be changed to
next higher value of 4.
8.3.2.1 Terrain cat egories
a) Category 1 - Exposed open terrain with
few or no obstruction and in which the
average height of any object surrounding
the structure is less than 1.5 m.
NOTE -
This category includes open seacoasts,
C$;xsssstretch of water, deserts and flat treeless
b) Category 2 - Open terrain with well
scattered obstructions having height
generally between 1.5 m to 10 m.
NOTE - This category includes normal country
lines with very few obstacles.
c) Catcgcly 3 - Terrain with numerous
closely spaced obstructions.
NOTE - This category includes buili up areas
and forest areas.
8.4 Design Wind Pressure, Pd
The design win<! pressure on towers. conductors
and il;sulators shall be obtained by the following
relationship :
where
Pd = design wind pressure in N/m*, and
Vd = design wind speed in m/s.
8.4.1 Design wind pressures Pd for the three
rrliability 1~ vcls and pertaining to six wind zones
and the three terrain categories have been
worked out and given in Table 4.
9 WIND LOADS
9.1 Wind Load on Tower
111 order to determine the wind load on tower,
the tower is divided into different panels having
a height h. These panels should normally be
taken between the intersections of the legs and
bracings. For a lattice tower of square cross-
section, the resultant wind load Fwt in Newtons,
for wind normal to the longitudinal face of tower,
Table 4 Design Wind Pressure P,J, in N/m
( Clause 8.4.1 )
Reliability
Level
(1)
1
2
3
Terrain
Category
(2)
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Design Wind Pressure Pd for Wind Zones
r_____ __-._----h--_--_-----~
1 2 3 4 5 6
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
.~__---
-__.-
403 563 717 818 925 1 120
346 483 614 701 793 960
250 349 444 506 573 694
410 681 883 1 030 1 180 1 460
403 584 757 879 1 010 1 250
291 422 547 635 732 901
552 838 1 120 1 320 1 520 1890
413 718 960 1 130 1 300 1 620
342 519 694 x17 939 1 170
4
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
IS 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
on a panel height h applied at the centre of
gravity of this panel is:
Fwt = Pcj x Cat x Ae x GT
where
Pd = design wind pressure, in N/m:
Cdt = drag coefficient for panel under con-
A@=
GT =
sideration against which the wind is
blowing. Values of Cdt for different
solidity ratios are given in Table 5.
Solidity ratio is equal to the effective
area ( projected area of all the indivi-
dual elements ) of a frame normal to
the wind direction divided by the area
enclosed by the boundry of the frame
normal to the wind direction;
total net surface area of the legs,
bracings, cross arms and secondary
members of the panel projected normal
to the face in m. (The projections
of the bracing elements of the adjacent
faces and of the plan-and-hip bracing
bars may be neglected while determ-
ianjig the projected surface of a face );
gust response factor, peculiar to the
ground roughness and depends on the
height above ground. Values of GT for
the three terrain categories are given
in Table 6.
Table 5 Drag CoeiBcient, Cat for Tower
( CIuuse 9.1 )
Solidity Drag Coefficient
Ratio Cdt
(1 ) (2 )
up to 0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5 and above
NOTES
3.6
34
2.9
2.5
2.2
2.0
1 Intermediate values may be linearly interpolated.
2 Drag coefficient takes into account the shielding
effect of wind on the leeward face of the tower.
However, in case the bracing on the leeward face is
not shielded from the windward face, then the
projected area of the leeward face of the bracing
should also be taken into consideration.
9.1.1 In case of horizontal configuration towers,
outer and inner faces countering the wind
between the waist and beam level should be
considered separately for the purposes of
calculating wind load on the tower, as shown
in Fig. 2.
Table 6 Gust Response Factor for Towers ( GT )
and for Insulators ( Gi )
( Clauses 9.1 and 9.3 )
Height Above
Ground
m
(1)
up to 10
20
30
40
50
60
IO
80
Values of Gr and G, for Trerain
Categories
r-----
h---_$
1 2 3
(2) (3) (4)
1.70 1.92 2.55
1.85 2.20 2.82
1.96 2.30 2.98
2.07 2.40 3.12
2.13 2.48 3.24
2.20 2.55 3.34
2.26 2.63 3.46
2.31 2.69 3.58
NOTE - lntermediatc values may be linearly
interpolated.
9.2 Wind Load on Conductor and Groundwire
The load due to wind on each conductor and
groundwire, F,, in Newtons applied at suppor-
ting point normal to the line shall be determined
by the following expression:
Fw, = Pd x Ca, x L x d x G,
where
Pd = design wind pressure, in N/m;
CdC = drag coefficient, taken as 1.0 for
conductor and 1.2 for groundwire;
L = wind span, being sum of half the span
on either side of supporting point, in
metres;
d = diameter of cable, in metres; and
G, = gust response factor, takes into
account the turbulance of the wind
and the dynamic response of the
conductor. Values of G, are given in
Table 7 for the three terrain catego-
ries and the average height of the
conductor/groundwire
above the
ground.
NOTE - Tho average height of conductor/ground-
wire shall be taken up to clamping point of top
conductor/groundwi re on tower less two-third the
sag at minimum temperature and no wind.
9.2.1 The total effect of wind on bundle conduc-
tors shall be taken equal to the sum of the wind
load on sub-conductors without accounting for
a possible masking effect of one of the subcon-
ductors on another.
7
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
FIG. 2 HORIZONTAL CONFIGURATION Towm
IS 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
Table 7 Values of Gust Response Factor C;, for Conductor and Groundwire
( Clausl? 9.2 )
-
Terrain Height Above Values of G, for Ruling Span of, in ru
Category Ground, m
r -_ ----- .----_-.- -_--_n. - _---__-___-________
UP to 300 400 500 600 700 8W au?
200 above
(11
(2) (3)
(-1! (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9)
__~__._.__ .- ..-_-- ----.
.-_____ _-
1 up to 10 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.56 I.53 I.50 1.47
20 1.90 1.87 1.83 I .79 1.75 1.70 1.66
40 2.10 2.04 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80
60 2.24 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.02 1.96 1.90
80 2.35 2.25 2.18 2.13 2.10 2.06 2.03
2 up to 10 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.60 1.55
20 2.12 2.04 I .9.5 I.88 1 54 1.80 1.80
40 2.34 2.27 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.05 2.02
60 2.55 2.46 2.37 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.17
80 2.119 2.56 2.48 2.41 2.36 2.32 2.28
3 up to 10 2.05 1.98 1-93 I.88 i-83 1.77 1.73
20 2,44 2.35 2.25 2. I5 2.10 2.06 2.03
40 2.76 2.67 2.58 2-49 2.42 2.38 2.34
60 2.97 2.87 2.77 2.67 160 2.54 2.52
80 3.19 3.04 2.93 2.85 2.38 2.73 2.69
NOTE - Intermediate values may be linearly interpolated.
-
9.3 Wind Load on Insnlator Strings
Wind load on insulator strings J*{ shall be
determined from the attachment point to the
centre line of the conductor in case of suspen-
SIOII tower and up to the end of clamp in case
of tension tower, in the direction of the wind
as follows:
Fwi = Ck x PHI x Ai x Gi
where
cdi =
pd zz
Ai =
Gt :-
drag coefficient, to be taken as 1.2;
design wind pressure in N/ma;
50 percent of the area of insulator
string projected on a plane which is
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
string; and
gust response factor, peculiar to the
ground rougilncss and depends on the
height of insulator attachment point
above ground. Values of Gi for the
three terrain categories are given
in Table 6.
9.3.1 In case of multiple strings including V
strings, no masking effect shall be considered.
10 TEMPERATPJRE EFFECTS
10.1 General
The temperature range varies for different loca-
lities under different diurnal and seasonal
conditions. The absolute maximum and mini-
mum temperature which may be expected in
different localities in the country are indicated
on the map of India in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respec-
tively. The temperature indicated in these
maps are the air temperatures in shade. These
may be used for assessing the temperature
effects.
10.2 Temperature Variations
10.2.1 The absolute maximum temperature may
be assumed as the higher adjacent isopleth
temperature shown in Fig. 3.
10.2.2 The absolute minimum temperature may
be assumed as the lower adjacent isopleth
temperature shown in Fig. 4.
10.2.3 The average everyday temperature shali
be 32C anywhere in the country, except in
regions experiencing minimum temperature of
-5C or lower ( see Fig. 4 ), where everyday
temperature may be taken as 15C or as
specified by the power utilities.
IS 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
10.2.4 The maximum conductor temperature
may be obtained after allowing increase in
temperature due to radiation and heating effect
due to current etc over the absolute maximum
temperature given in Fig. 3.
The tower may be
designed to suit the conductor temperature of
75C ( Max ) for ACSR and 85C ( Max ) for
aluminium alloy
col!ductor. The maximum
temperature of groundwire exposed to sun may
be taken as 53C.
10.3 Sag Tension
Sag tension calculation for conductor and
groundwire shall be made in accordance with
the relevant orovisions of 1s 56 13 ( Part 2/
Set 1
a)
) : 1985 ibr the following combinations:
b)
100 percent design wind pressure after
accounting for drag coefficient and gust
response factor at everyday temperature,
and
36 percent design wind pressure after
accounting for drag coefficient and gust
response factor at minimum temperature.
11 LOADS ON TOWER
11.1 Classification of Loads
Transmission lines are subjected to various loads
during their lifetime. These loads are classified
into three distinct categories, namely,
a) Climat ic loads -- related to the reliability
requirements.
b) Failure cont ainment loads - related to
security requirements.
c) Const ruct ion and maint enance loads - rela-
ted to safety requirements.
11.2 Climatic Loads
These are random loads imposed on tower,
insulator string, conductor and groundwire due
to action of wind on transmission line and do
not act continuously. Climatic loads shall be
determined under either of the following
climatic conditions, whichever is more strin-
gent:
i) 100 percent design wind pressure at
everyday temperature, or
ii) 36 percent design wind pressure at mini-
mum temperature.
NOTE-Condition (ii) above is normally not crucial
for tangent tower but shall be checked for angle or
dead-end towers, particularly for short spans.
11.3 Failure Containment Loads
These loads comprise of:
i) Anti cascading loads, and
ii) Torsional and longitudinal loads.
11.3.1 Ant i Cascading Loads
Cascade failure may be caused by failure of
items such as insulators, hardware, joints,
failures of major components such as towers,
foundations, conductor due to defective mate-
rial or workmanship or from climatic overloads
or sometimes from casual events such as misdi-
rected aircraft, avalanches, sabotage etc.
The
security measures adopted for containing
cascade failures in the line is to provide angle
towers at specific intervals which shall be
checked for anti-cascading loads ( see 14 )_
11.3.2 Torsional and Longit udinal Loads
These loads are caused by breakage of conduc-
tor(s) and/or groundwire. All the towers
shall be designed for these loads for the number
of conductor (s) and/or groundwire considered
broken according to 16.
11.3.2.1 The mechanical tension of conductor/
groundwire is the tension corresponding to
100 percent design wind pressure at every day
temperature or 36 percent design wind pressure
at minimum temperature after accounting for
drag coeficient and gust response factor.
11.4 Construction and Maintenance Loads
These are loads imposed on towers during
construction and maintenance of transmission :
lines.
12 COMPUTATION OF LOADS
12.1 Transverse Loads
Transvelse loads shall be computed for relia-
bility, security and safety requirements.
12.1.1 Reliabilit y Requirement s
These loads shall be calculated as follows:
i) Wind action on tower structures, conduc-
tors, groundwires and insulator strings
computed according to 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3
respectively for both the climatic condi-
tions specified in 11.2.
ii) Component of mechanical tension &a
of conductor and groundwire due to
wind computed as per 11.3.2.1.
10
7@
I
w
I
a#
I
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
1/ d lw-
I I
1
.0-*-l
./ a.,
L
2
=a ,.- )
.i
1
SRi+xAGAA
_\. I
MAP OF INDIA
SHOWING HIGHEST MAXIMUM
TEMPERATURE ISOPLETHSC
BASED ON DATA UP TO 1958 SUPPLIED BY
11
IS 802 ( Par t l/Set 1 ) : 1995
,NDIA METEOROLOGlCAL DEPARTMENT
PROJECT,ON:LAMBERTCON1CAL
-3.
. 3,.
/--.I&=_
AGRA
-2.53 JODHPUR AJMER l
l
! i EOMBAYJ\\/ WNE
AKHAPATNAM
12
Thus, total transverse load = (i) + (ii)
= Fwt + Fw, + Fwi + Fwa
where
FWC, FWi and (Fad are to be applied on
all conductors/groundwire points and Fwt
to bc applied on tower at groundwire peak
and cross arm levels and at any one convc-
nient level between bottom cross arm and
ground level for normal tower. In case of
tower with extensions, one more application
level shall be taken at top end of extension.
12.1.2 Security Requirements
These lcads shall be taken as under:
i)
Suspension towers
a)
b)
Transverse loads due to wind action
on tower structures, conductors,
groundwires ant1 insulators shall be
taken as nil.
Transverse loads due to line deviation
shall be based on component of
mechanical tension of conductors
and groundwires corresponding to
everyday temperature and nil wind
condition. For broken wire spans the
component shall be corresponding to
50 percent mechanical tension of
conductor and 100 percent mechanical
tension of groundwire at everyday
temperature and nil wind.
ii) Tension and dead end towers
a) Transverse loads due to wind action
on tower structure, conductors,
groundwires and insulators shall be
computed as per 12.1.1 (i). 60 percent
wind span shall be considered for
broken wire condition and 100 percent
wind span for intact span condition.
b) Transverse loads due to line deviation
shall be the component of 100 percent
mechanical tension of conductor and
groundwire as defined in 11.3.2.1.
12.1.3 Safety Requirements
Transverse loads on account of wind on tower
structures, conductors, groundwires, and insula-
tors shall be taken as nil for normal and
brokenwire conditions. Transverse loads due to
mechanical tension of conditions and groundwire
at everyday temperature and nil wind condition
on account of line deviation shall be taken for
both normal and broken wire conditions.
12.2 Vertical Loads
Vertical loads shall be computed for reliability,
security and safety requirements.
12.2.1 Reliability Requirements
i) Loads due to weight of conductors/
groundwire based on design weight span,
ii)
IS 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
weight of insulator strings and accesso-
ries, and
Self weight of tower structure up to
point/level ut:der consideration.
The rffective weight of the conductor/ground-
wire should be corresponding to the weight span
on the tower. The weight span is the horizontal
distance between the lowest points of the
conductor/groundwire on the two spans adjacent
to the tower under consideration. The lowest
point is defined as the point at which the
tangent to the sag curve or to the sag curve
produced, is horizontal.
12.2.2 Security Requirements
These shall be taken as:
i) Same as in 12.2.1 (i) except for broken
wire condition where the load due to
weight of conductor/groundwire shall be
considered as 60 oercent of weight span,
and
acting at
of weight
ii) Same as in 12.2.1 (ii).
12.2.3 Safety Requirements
i) Loads as computed in 12.2.2,
ii) Load of 1 500 N considered
each cross arm, as a provision
of lineman with tools,
iii) Load of 3 500 N considered acting at
the tip of cross arms up to 220 kV and
5 000 N for 400 kV and higher voltage
for design of cross arms, and
iv) Following erection loads at lifting points,
for 400 kV and higher voltage, assumed
as acting at locations specified below:
~~ ___.____
Tension Vertical Distance,
Tower with Load, N from the
Tip of
Cross Arm,
mm
Twin bundle conductor 10 000 600
Multi bundle conductor 20 000 I 000
-__ __- ____-.
All bracing and redundant members of the
tewers which are horizontal or inclined up to
15 from horizontal shall be designed to with
stand an ultimate vertical loads of 1 500 N
conside{ed acting at centre independent of all
other loads.
12.3 Longitudinal Loads
Longitudinal loads shall be computed for relia-
bility, security and safety requirements.
12.3.1 Reliability Requirements
These loads shall be taken as under:
i) Longitudinal load for dead-end towers
to be considered corresponding to
13
I S 802 ( Part l/See 1) : 1995
mechanical tension of conductors and
groundwire as defined in 11.3.2.1.
ii) Longitudinal loads which might be caused
on tension towers by adjacent spans of
iii)
unequal lengths can be neglected in most
cases, as the strength of the supports for
longitudinal loads is checked for security
requirements and for construction and
maintenance requirements.
NO longitudinal load for suspension and
tension towers.
12.3.2
These
i)
Securit y Requirement s
loads shall be taken as under:
ii)
For suspension towers, the longitudinal
load corresponding to 50 percent of the
mechanical tension of conductor and
100 percent of mechanical tension of
groundwire shall be considered under
every day temperature and no wind
pressure.
Horizontal loads in longitudinal direc-
tion due to mechanical tension of
conductors and groundwire shall be
taken as specified in 11.3.2.1 for broken
wires and nil for intact wires for design
of tension towers.
iii) For dead end towers, horizontal loads in
longitudinal directon due to mechanical
tension of conductor and groundwire
shall be taken as specified in 11.3.2 for
intact wires. However for broken wires,
these shall be taken as nil.
12.3.3
These
i)
Safet y Requirement s
loads shall be taken as under:
For normal condit ions - These loads for
dead end towers shall be considered as
corresponding to mechanical tension of
conductor/groundwire at every day
temperature and no wind. Longitudinal
loads due to unequal spans may be
neglected_
ii) For brokenwire condit ions
a) Suspension t owers - Longitudinal load
Per
sub-conductor and groundwire
shall be considered as 10 000 N and
5 000 N respectively.
b) Tension t owers - Longitudinal load
equal to twice the sagging tension
( sagging tension shall be taken as
50 percent of tension at everyday
temperature and no wind ) for wires
under stringing arid I.5 trmes the
sagging tension for all intact wires
( stringing completed ).
13 LOADING COMBINATIONS
13.1 Reliability Conditions
i) Transverse loads - as Per 12.1.1.
ii) Vert ical loads - as per 12.2.1.
iii) Longit udinal loads - as per 12.3.1.
13.2 Security Conditions
i) Transverse loads - as per 12.1.2.
ii) Vert ical lauds -- as per 12.2.2.
13.3 Safety Conditions
i) Transverse loads - as per 12.1.3.
ii) Vert icaZ loads - shall be the sum of:
a) Vertical loads as per 12.2.2 (i) multi-
plied by the overload Factor of 2.
b) Vertical loads calculated as per
12.2.2 (ii), 12.2.3 (ii), 12.2.3 (iii) and
12.2.3 (iv).
14 ANTI CASCADING CHECKS
All angle towers shall be checked for the
following anti-cascading conditions with all
conductors and groundwire intact only on one
side of the tower
a>
b)
c)
Transverse loads - These loads shall be
taken under no wind condition.
Vert ical loads - These loads shall be the
sum of weight of conductor/groundwire
as per weight span of intact conductor/
ground wire, weight of insulator strings
and accessories.
Longit udinal loads - These loads shall be
the pull of conductor/groundwire at
everyday temperature and no wind
applied simultaneously at all points on
one side with zero degree line deviation.
15 TENSION LIMITS
Conductor/groundwire tension at everyday
temperature and without external load, should
not exceed the following percentage of the
ultimate tensile strength of the conductor:
Initial unloaded tension 35 percent
Final unloaded tension 25 percent
provided that the ultimate tension under
everyday temperature and 100 percent design
wind pressure, or minimum temperature and
36 percent design wind pressure does not exceed
70 percent of the ultimate tensile strength of
the conductor/ground wire.
NOTE-For 400 kV and 800 kV lines, the tinal
~-~
UIibZtCd ftnslon of conductors at everyday tempe-
raturc shall not exceed 22 perrent of the ultimate
tensile strength of conductors and 20 percent of the
ultimate tensile strength of groundwire
14
IS 802 ( Part l/See 1 ) : 19%
16 BROKEN WIRE CONDITION
The following broken wire conditions shall be assumed in the design of towers:
-- ____________.~
a) Single circuit towers Any one phase or gr oundwir e br oken; bvhichever is
more stringent for a particular member.
b) Double, triple circuit and quad-
ruple circuit towers:
i) Suspension towers Any one phase or groundwire broken: whichever is
more stringent for a particular member.
ii) Small and medium angle Any two phases broken on the same side and same
towers span or any one phase and one groundwire broken OR
the same side and same span whichever combina-
tion is more stringent for a particular member.
iii) Large angle tcniiion towers/ Any three phases broken on the same side and same
dead end towers span or any two of the phases and one groundi>ire
broken on the same side and same span; whichever
combination constitutes the most stringent condition
for a particular member.
NOTE - Phase shall mean all the sub-conductors in the case of bundle conductors.
__~--w
17 STRENGTH FACTORS RELATED TO
QUALITY
i) If steel with minimum guaranteed yield
strength is used for fabrication of tower,
The design of tower shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions covered in
IS 802 ( Part l/Set 2 ) : 1992. However, to
account for the reduction in strength due to
dimensional tolerance of the structural sections
and yield strength of steel used, the following
strength factors shall be considered:
the estimated loads shall be increased by
a factor of 1.02.
ii) If steel of minimum guaranteed yield
strength is not used for fabrication of
tower, the estimated loads shall be
increased by a factor of 1.05, in addition
to the provision (i) above.
ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
IS No. Tit le IS No. Tit le
802 ( Part 1/ Code of practice for use of 1367 Technical supply conditions
Set 2 ) : 1992 structural steel in overhead for threaded steel fasteners:
transmission line towers:
Part 1 Material, loads and
( Part G ) : 1980 Part 6 Mechanical properties
permissible stress, Section 2
and test methods for nuts with
Permissible stresses ( third
specified proof loads ( second
revision )
revision )
87f9\;art 3 ) :
Code of practice for design
( Part 13 ) : 1985 Part 13 Hot-dip galvanized
loads ( other than earthquake )
coatings on threaded fasteners
for buildings and structures:
( second revision )
Part 3 Wind loads ( second 1573 : 1986
revision )
Electroplated coatings of zinc
on iron and steel ( second
13;;J2Part 3 )
: Hexagon head bolts, screws
revision )
and nuts of product Grade C :
Part 3 Hexagon nuts ( size
2016 : 1967 Plain washers ( first revision )
range M 5 to M 64 ) ( third 2062 : 1992
Steel for general structural
revision )
purposes (fourth revision )
15
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
IS No.
3063 : 1972
3757 : 1985
4759 : 1984
5613 ( Part 2/
Set 1 ) : 1985
5624 : 1970
Title
Single coil rectangular section
spring washers for bolts, nuts
and screws ( jirst revision )
High strength structural bolts
( second revision )
Hot-dip zinc coatings on
structural steel and other
allied products ( third revision )
Code of practme for design,
installation and maintenance
of overhead lines: Part 2 Lines
above 11 kV and up to and
including 220 kV, Section 1
Design ( jrsr revision )
Foundation bolts
IS No.
6610 : 1972
6623 : 1985
6639 : 1972
6649 : 1985
8500 : 1992
10238 : 1982
12427 : 1988
Title
Heavy washers for steel
structures
High strength structural nuts
( jirst revision )
Hexagon bolts for steel
structures
Hardened and tempered
washers tar high strength
structural bolts and nuts (first
revision )
Structural steel--Microalloyed
( medium and high strength
qualities ) (first revision )
Step bolts for steel structures
Transmission tower bolts
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
ANNEX B
( For eWor d )
Composition of Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 7
Chairman
SHRI M. L. MI HI A
SHKI S. K. DATTA ( Alternate to
Shri M. I ,. MeWa )
SHRI R. N. BI SWAS
SHRI YOGENDRA SI NGH ( Alternate )
SHRI RAMF SH CWAKRABORTY
SHRI S. K. SUMAN ( Akv-nafe )
CHI EF MANAGER ( ENOI N~ERI NG )
GENERAL MANAGER ( STRUCTURAL )
( ,gh er n a t e )
DR P . DAYARATNAM
DI RF CTOR ( TRANSMI SSI ON )
DEP UTY DI RECTOR ( TRANSMI SSI ON )
SHRI S. C. DUGGAL
SHRI V. (3. MANGRULKAR ( Alttwmte )
SHRI D. K. DATTA
SHRI A. K. SEN ( Alt er r r ole )
SHRI S. K. GANGOP ~ADHYAY
SI I KI P . BI MAL ( Ahcrnate )
SHRI S. GANGULI
Sr fRl S,. P . C;ARARI ( Alt cr r ln r e )
DR J ANARDAN J i fA
SHRI S. P. J AMDAR
SFr Rl S. S. RATHORE ( Alternate )
Ri ch a r d son & Cr u d d a s ( 1972 ) Lt d , Bomba y
Jessop & Co Limited. Calcutta
Braithwaite & Co Ltd, Calcutta
Projects & Development India Ltd. Dhanbad
Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
Road & Building Department, Gandhinagar
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow
J UI NT DI RECTOR STAUDARDS ( B & S )-Se-1
DL-P I J TY DI RECTOR STANDARDS ( B & S )-SB
Representing
Met a llu r gi ca l a n d I ?n gi n e e r i n g Con su lt a n t ( I n d i a ) I .t d , Ra n &i
I n t li a n Oil Corpwation, New De lh i
J oi n t P I a li t Commi t t ee, Ca lcu t t a
RITES, New De lh i
I I T, Ka n p u r
Cen t r a l Elect r i ci t y Au t h or i t y, Ne w De lh i
DR V. KALYANARAMAN
DR J . N. KAR
P ROF SAI BAL GHOSH ( Alternate )
SHKI N. K. MAJ UMUAR
SHRI D. M. SRI VASTAVA ( Alternate )
SHRI S. M. MUNJ AL
SHRI A. K. VERMA ( Alfer n a le )
SHRt M. K. MUKHERI EE
SHRI S. K. SI NHA ( Alfernate )
SHRI B. B. NAO
SHRI G. P . LAHI RI ( Alternate )
SHRI V. NARAYANAN
SHRI A. K. BAJ AJ ( Alternate )
SHRI P . N. NARKHADE
SHRI M. V. BEDEKAR ( Alternate )
DR S. M. P ATF L
S&t D. P. P AL
SHRI B. P. DE ( Abernate )
SHRI D. P AUL
SHRI N. RADHAKRI SHNAN
SHRI P . AP P A RAO @[t er n a t e )
SHRI M. B. RANGARAO
SHRI M. S. C. NAYAR ( Alternate )
SHRI C. S. S. RAO
SHRI P . S. RAY ( Alternate )
DR T. V. S. R. AP P A RAO
SHRI P . R. NATARAJ AN ( Alternafe )
IIT, Madras
Bengal Engineering College, Civil Engineering Dep a r t men t .
Governmcnt of West Bengal, Calcutta
Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd, Calcutta
DGS &D, Inspection Wing, New Delhi
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi
EngineenIndia Limited, New Delhi
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Bombay Port Trust, Bombay
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyala, Vallabh Vidyasagar, Gujarat
M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
Industrial Fasteners Association of India, Calcutta
Binny Ltd, Madras
Tata Consulting Engineers, Bombay
Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Ministry of Dsfence, New Delhi
Structural Engineering Research. Madras
( Continued on page 18 )
17
I S 802 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
( Continued from page 17 )
Members
snur A. G. ROY
SHRI K. B . CHAKRABORTY ( Afternate )
SENIOR SHIPPINQ ENGINEER
ASSETANT NAVAL ARCHITECT ( A lr er nar e )
SHRI A. K. SEN
SHRI G. SRLIENIVASAN
SHRI P. SI J RYA ( Altcrnare )
DR C. N. SRINIVA~AN
!&RI C. R. ARVIND ( ANernure )
DR D. N. TRI KHA
DR P. N. GODBELE ( Alternare )
SHRI U. H. VARYANI
SHR~ J . R. MEHTA
Dir ect or ( Civ Engg )
Representing
Br idge & Roof Co ( India ) Ltd, Howrah
Indian Register of Shipping, Bombay
Jessop & Co Limited, Calcutta
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad
C. R. Narayana Rao, Madras
University of Roorkee, Roorkee
Kothari Associates Private Ltd, New Delhi
Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member )
Member Secretary
SHR~ S. S. SETHI
Director ( Civ Engg, BIS )
Subcommittee for Use of Steel in Over-Head Line Towers and Switchyard Structures, CED 7 : 1
Convener
SHRI M. L. SACHDEVA
Members
SHRI RAW-WDDIN ( AfIernale to
Shri M. L. Sachdeva )
ADVISOR ( POWER )
SHRI D. K. NARSIMHAN (A lrermre )
SHRI MUSTAG AHMED
SHRI Y. R. NAGARAIA ( .t lr er nat e )
SHRI D. K. BHATTACHAKJ EE
SHRI S. K. SI NHA (Ahrnare )
DR P. BOSE
Cent r al Elect r icit y Aut hor it y, New Delhi
Cent r al Boar d of Ir r igat ion and Power , New Delhi
Kar nat aka Blect r icit y Boar d, Bangalor e
Damodar Valley Cor por at ion, Calcut t a
Elect r ical Manufact ur ing Lt d ( Pr oject s Const r uct ion Division ),
Calcut t a
!&RI L. N. BAN~RJ EC ( Ahernare )
SHRI UMESH CHANDRA
SHRI D. CHOWDHURY ( Alternate I )
SHRI E. V. RAO ( Alternate II )
Power Gr id Cor por at ion of India Lt d, New Delhi
CHI EF ADMINISTRATOR-CUM-ENGINEER-IN- Bihar St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Pat na
CHIEF
CHIEF ENGINEER
Andbr a Pr adesh Elect r icit y Boar d, Hjder abad
SUPERINTENDING ENQI NEER ( TRANSMI SSI ON )
( Alrernare )
SHRI S. DATTA GUPTA Lar sen and Toubr o Lt d, Madr as
SHRI S. Z. HUSSAIN
Madhya Pr adesh Elect r icit y Boar d, J abalpur
SHRI A~HOK BAJ PAI ( Abernare )
J OINT DIRECTOR ( BRIDGE AND STRUCTURE ) Minist r y of Railways, New Delhi
ASSI STANT DI RECTOR ( TI ) ( AIrernare )
SHRI H. C. KAUSHIK Har yana Elect r icit y Boar d, Hissar
SHRI LAL KHUBCHANDAN I KEC Int er nat ional Lt d. Bombay
SHRI B. N. PAI ( Aflernure )
SHRI D. L. KOTHARI Bhakar a Beas Management Boar d, Pat iala
SHRI P. S. Tu~sr ( Alternate )
DR D. M. LAKHAP ATI
SHRI P. BHATTACHARYA ( Alterme )
SAE ( I n d i a ) Lt d , Ca lcu t t a
( Conlinued on page 19)
18
I S $02 ( Part l/Set 1 ) : 1995
( Conrinued from page 18 )
Members
DR S. N. MANDAL
SHRI K. MOHANDAS ( Ahmate )
&RI P. R. NATARAJ AN
&RI K. MI J RALI DHARAN ( Alternate )
SHRI R. V. NEDKARNI
SHRI K. N. AWATE ( Alternate)
SHRI G. D. RATHOD
SHRI A. D. TKI VEDI ( Alt er n a t e )
SHRI V. B. SI NGH
SHRI SURENDRA NARAI N ( Alternate )
SHRI B. SRI NI VASAN
SHI U M. A. MAJ EETH ( Alfernafe )
SUP ERI NTENDI NG ENGI NEER
SHKI R. SUSENDKAN
SHRI N. V. RAMESH ( Alternute )
SHRI S. M. TAWLKAR
SHRI 0. C. MEHTA ( Alternafe )
Representing
National Th er ma l Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi
Structural Engineering Research Ccntre, Madras
Maharashtra State Electricity Board, Bombay
Transpower Engineering Ltd, Bombay
UP State Electricity Board, Lucknow
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Madras
Punjab State Eleciricity Board, Patiala
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore
Gujarat Electricity Board, Baroda
19
While preparing this code, practices prevailing in the country in this field have been kept in
Assistance has been derived from the following publications: view.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
IEC 826 : 1991 Technical report on loading and strength of overhead transmission lines,
issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission.
Project report NO. EL-643 Longitudinal unbalanced loads on transmission line struc-
tures issued by the Electric Power Research Institute USA.
CIGRE Report No. 22-13 of 1978 Failure containment of overhead lines design by H. B.
White.
v)
Loading and strength of transmission line system, Part 1 to Part 6 issued by IEEE
Transmission and Distribution Committee Sub-Group on Line loading and strength of
transmission line structures, IEEE, PESj Summer 1977 Conference Papers.
Guide for design of steel transmission line towers issued by American Society of Civil
Engineers, New York, 1988.
vi) Guide for new code for design of transmission line towers in India; Publication No. 239,
issued by the Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi.
( Continuedfrom second cover )
Ice loadings on towers and conductors/ground wires for lines located in the mountaineous
regions of the country subjected to snow fall, may be taken into account on the basis of available
meteorological data both for ice with wind and without wind. A separate Indian Standard on ice
loadings to be considered in the design of transmission line towers has been proposed to be
brought out.
Formulae and the values have been given in SI Units only.
While formulating the provisions of this code it has been assumed that structural connections
are through bolts only.
The composition of the technical committee responsible far the formulation of this standard is
given in Annex B.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall he rounded
off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). The
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the
specified value in this standard.
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
(Rea ffi r med 1998)
Ed i t i on 4.1
(1998-01)
Indian S tandard
TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS CODE
OF PRACTICE
P ART 1 MATERI AL, LOADS AND P ERMI SSI BLE STRESSES
Sect i on 2 P er mi ssi b le St r esses
( Third Revision )
(Incor por at ing Amendment No. 1)
UDC 621.315.668.2
BIS 2002
B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
NEW DELHI 110002
P r i ce Gr ou p 6
St r uct ur al Engineer ing Sect ional Commit t ee, CED 7
FOREWORD
This Indian St andar d (Thir d Revision) was adopt ed by t he Bur eau of Indian St andar ds, aft er t he
dr aft finalized by t he St r uct ur al Engineer ing Sect ional Commit t ee had been appr oved by t he Civil
Engineer ing Division Council.
This st andar d has been pr epar ed wit h a view t o est ablish unifor m pr act ices for design, fabr icat ion,
t est ing and inspect ion of over head t r ansmission line t ower s. Par t 1 of t he st andar d cover s
r equir ement s in r egar d t o mat er ial, t ypes of t ower s, loading and per missible st r esses apar t fr om
ot her r elevant design pr ovisions. Pr ovisions for fabr icat ion, galvanizing, inspect ion and packing
have been cover ed in Par t 2 wher eas pr ovisions for t est ing of t hese t ower s have been cover ed in
Par t 3 of t he st andar d.
This st andar d (Par t 1) was fir st published in 1967 and subsequent ly r evised in 1973 and 1977. In
t his r evision, t he code has been split in t wo sect ions namely Sect ion 1 Mat er ials and loads, and
Sect ion 2 Per missible st r esses. Ot her major modificat ions effect ed in t his r evision (Sect ion 2) ar e
as under :
a) Per missible st r esses in st r uct ur al member s have been given in t er ms of t he yield st r engt h of
t he mat er ial. Wit h t he inclusion of bolt s of pr oper t y class 5.6 of IS 12427 : 1988, per missible
st r esses for t hese bolt s have also been included.
b) Cr it ical st r ess in compr ession F
cr
has been modified for widt h/t hickness r at io of t he angles
exceeding t he limit ing value for calculat ing t he allowable unit compr essive st r esses.
c) Effect ive slender ness r at ios ( KL/r ) for r edundant member s have been included and
pr ovisions fur t her elabor at ed.
d) Examples for t he det er minat ion of slender ness r at ios have been ext ended t o include K and
X br acings wit h and wit hout secondar y member s.
Designs pr ovisions or ot her it ems not cover ed in t his st andar d shall gener ally be in accor dance
wit h IS 800 : 1984 Code of pr act ice for gener al const r uct ion in st eel ( second revision ).
While pr epar ing t his st andar d, pr act ices pr evailing in t he count r y in t his field have been kept in
view. Assist ance has also been der ived fr om t he Guide for design of st eel t r ansmission line t ower s
(second edit ion) ASCE Manual No. 52, issued by Amer ican Societ y of Civil Engineer s (ASCE)
New Yor k, 1988.
This edit ion 4.1 incor por at es Amendment No. 1 (J anuar y 1998). Side bar indicat es modificat ion of
t he t ext as t he r esult of incor por at ion of t he amendment s.
For t he pur pose of deciding whet her a par t icular r equir ement of t his Code is complied wit h, t he
final value, obser ved or calculat ed, expr essing t he r esult of a t est , shall be r ounded off in
accor dance wit h IS 2 : 1960 Rules for r ounding off numer ical values ( revised ). The number of
significant places r et ained in t he r ounded off value should be t he same as t hat of t he specified
value in t his st andar d.
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
1
Indian S tandard
TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS CODE
OF PRACTICE
P ART 1 MATERI AL, LOADS AND P ERMI SSI BLE STRESSES
Sect i on 2 P er mi ssi b le St r esses
( Third Revision )
1 SCOP E
1.1 This st andar d (Par t 1/Sec 2) st ipulat es t he
per missible st r esses and ot her design
par amet er s t o be adopt ed in t he design of
self-suppor t ing st eel lat t ice t ower s for over head
t r ansmission lines.
1.1.1 Mat er ials, t ype of t ower s, loading and
br oken wir e condit ions ar e cover ed in Sect ion 1
of t his st andar d.
1.1.2 Pr ovisions on fabr icat ion and t est ing of
t r ansmission line t ower s have been cover ed in
Par t 2 and Par t 3 r espect ively of t he st andar d.
NOTE While for mulat ing t he pr ovisions of t his
st andar d it has been assumed t hat t he st r uct ur al
connect ions ar e t hr ough bolt s.
1.2 This st andar d does not cover guyed t ower s.
These will be cover ed in a separ at e st andar d.
2 REF ERENCES
The Indian St andar ds list ed in Annex A ar e
necessar y adjunct s t o t his st andar d.
3 STATUTORY REQUI REMENTS
3.1 St at ut or y r equir ement as laid down in t he
Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 or by any ot her
st at ut or y body applicable t o such st r uct ur es as
cover ed in t his st andar d shall be sat isfied.
3.2 Compliance wit h t his code does not r elieve
any one fr om t he r esponsibilit y of obser ving
local and st at e byelaws, fir e and safet y laws
and ot her civil aviat ion r equir ement s
applicable t o such st r uct ur es.
4 CONDUCTOR TENSI ON
4.1 The conduct or t ension at ever yday
t emperat ure and wit hout ext ernal load should not
exceed t he following per cent age of t he ult imat e
st r engt h of t he conduct or :
pr ovided t hat t he ult imat e t ension under
ever yday t emper at ur e and full wind or
minimum t emper at ur e and t wo-t hir ds wind
pr essur e does not exceed 70 per cent of t he
ult imat e t ensile st r engt h of t he cable.
5 P ERMI SSI BLE STRESSES
5.1 Axi a l St r esses i n Ten si on
The est imat ed t ensile st r esses on t he net
effect ive sect ional ar eas ( see 9 ) in var ious
member s, shall not exceed minimum
guar ant eed yield st r ess of t he mat er ial.
However in case t he angle sect ion is connect ed
by one leg only, t he est imat ed t ensile st r ess on
t he net effect ive sect ional ar ea shall not exceed
F
y
, wher e F
y
, is t he minimum guar ant eed yield
st r ess of t he mat er ial.
5.2 Axi a l St r esses i n Comp r essi on
5.2.1 The est imat ed compr essive st r esses in
var ious member s shall not exceed t he values
given by t he for mulae in 5.2.2.
5.2.2 The allowable unit st r ess F
a
, in MPa on
t he gr oss cr oss sect ional ar ea of t he axially
loaded compr ession member s shall be:
Init ial unloaded t ension 35 per cent
Final unloaded t ension 25 per cent
a)
and,
b)
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
2
wher e
5.2.2.1 The for mulae given in 5.2.2 ar e
applicable pr ovided t he lar gest widt h t hickness
r at io b/t is not mor e t han t he limit ing value
given by:
( b/t )
lim
= 210/
wher e
5.2.2.2 Wher e t he widt h t hickness r at io exceeds
t he limit s given in 5.2.2.1, t he for mulae given
in 5.2.2 shall be used subst it ut ing for F
y
t he
value F
cr
given by:
a)
and
b)
NOTE The maximum per missible value of b/t for any
t ype of st eel shall not exceed 25.
5.3 The r edundant member s shall be checked
individually for 2.5 per cent of axial load car r ied
by t he member t o which it suppor t s.
5.4 St r esses i n Bolt s
Ult imat e st r esses in bolt s confor ming t o
pr oper t y class 4.6 of IS 6639 : 1972 and t o
pr oper t y class 5.6 of IS 12427 : 1988 shall not
exceed t he value given in Table 1. For bolt s
confor ming t o IS 3757 : 1985, per missible
st r esses and ot her pr ovisions gover ning t he use
of high st r engt h bolt s r efer ence shall be made
t o IS 4000 : 1992.
5.4.1 Wher e t he mat er ial of bolt and t he
st r uct ur al member ar e of differ ent gr ades, t he
bear ing st r engt h of t he joint shall be gover ned
by t he lower of t he t wo.
6 SLENDERNESS RATI OS
6.1 The slender ness r at ios of compr ession and
r edundant member s shall be det er mined as
follows:
C
e
=
Fy = minimum guar ant eed yield st r ess of
t he mat er ial, MPa
E = modulus, of elast icit y of st eel t hat is
2 10
5
MPa,
KL/r = lar gest effect ive slender ness r at io of
any unbr aced segment of t he
member ,
L = unbr aced lengt h of t he compr ession
member ( see 6.1.1 ) in cm, and
r = appr opr iat e r adius of gyr at ion in
cm.
b = dist ance fr om edge of fillet t o t he
ext r eme fibr e in mm, and
t = t hickness of flange in mm.
2 E/F
y
F
y
Ta ble 1 Ult i ma t e St r esses i n Bolt s, MP a
( Clause 5.4 )
Na t u r e of St r e ss P e r mi ssi b le
St r e s s for Bolt s
of P r op e r t y
Cla ss
Re ma r k s
4.6 5.6
(1) (2) (3) (4)
S hear
Shear st r ess on gr oss
ar ea of bolt s
218 310 For gr oss ar ea of
bolt s ( see 10.4 ).
For bolt s in double
shear t he ar ea t o
be assumed shall
be t wice t he ar ea
defined
Bearing
Bear ing st r ess on
gr oss diamet er of
bolt s
436 620 For t he bolt ar ea in
bear ing ( see 10.5 )
Tension
Axial t ensile st r ess 194 250
Type of Members Value of KL/r
a) Compression Members
i) Leg sect ions or joint
member s bolt ed in bot h
faces at connect ions for
0 < L/r < 120
L/r
ii) Member s wit h
concent r ic loading at
bot h ends of t he
unsuppor t ed panel for
0 < L/r < 120
L/r
iii) Member wit h
concent r ic loading at
one end and nor mal
fr aming eccent r icit y at
t he ot her end of t he
0 < L/r < 120
30 + 0.75 L/r
iv) Member wit h nor mal
fr aming eccent r icit ies
at bot h ends of t he
0 < L/r < 120
60 + 0.50 L/r
v) Member unr est r ained
against r ot at ion at bot h
ends of t he unsuppor t ed
panel for 120 < L/r <
200
L/r

; )
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
3
NOTE The values of KL/r cor r esponding t o (a) (vi)
and (a) (vii), t he following evaluat ion is suggest ed:
1 The r est r ained member must be connect ed t o t he
r est r aining member wit h at least t wo bolt s.
2 The r est r aining member must have a st iffness fact or
I/L in t he st r ess plane ( I = Moment of iner t ia and L =
Lengt h ) t hat equals or exceeds t he sum of t he
st iffness fact or s in t he st r ess plane of t he r est r ained
member s t hat ar e connect ed t o it .
3 Angle member s connect ed by one leg should have t he
holes locat ed as close t o t he out st anding leg as
feasible. Nor mal fr aming eccent r icit ies at load
t r ansfer connect ion imply t hat connect ion holes ar e
locat ed bet ween t he heel of t he angle end t he
cent r eline of t he fr aming leg.
6.1.1 In calculat ing t he slender ness r at io of t he
member s, t he lengt h L should be t he dist ance
bet ween t he int er sect ions of t he cent r e of
gr avit y lines at each end of t he member .
6.2 Examples showing t he applicat ion of t he
pr ocedur e given in 6.1 and 6.1.1 and met hod of
det er mining t he slender ness r at io of legs and
br acings wit h or wit hout secondar y member s
ar e given in Annex B.
NOTE Wher e t est and/or analysis demonst r at e t hat
any ot her t ype of br acing pat t er n if found t echnically
suit able, t he same can be adopt ed.
6.3 The limit ing values KL/r shall be as follows:
6.4 Slender ness r at io L/r of a member car r ying
axial t ension only, shall not exceed 400.
7 MI NI MUM THI CKNESS
7.1 Minimum t hickness of galvanized and
paint ed t ower member s shall be as follows:
7.2 Gusset plat es shall be designed t o r esist t he
shear , dir ect and flexur al st r esses act ing on t he
weakest or cr it ical sect ion. Re-ent r ant cut s
shall be avoided as far as pr act ical. Minimum
t hickness of gusset shall be 2 mm mor e t han
lat t ice it connect s only in case when t he lat t ice
is dir ect ly connect ed on t he gusset out side t he
leg member . In no case t he gusset shall be less
t han 5 mm in t hickness.
8 NET SECTI ONAL AREA F OR TENSI ON
MEMBER
8.1 The net sect ional ar ea shall be t he least
ar ea which is t o be obt ained by deduct ing fr om
t he gr oss sect ional ar ea, t he ar ea of all holes
cut by any st r aight , diagonal or zigzag line
acr oss t he member . In det er mining t he t ot al
ar ea of t he holes t o be deduct ed fr om gr oss
sect ional ar ea, t he full ar ea of t he fir st hole
shall be count ed, plus a fr act ion par t X, of each
succeeding hole cut by t he line of holes under
consider at ion. The value of X shall be
det er mined fr om t he for mula:
X
.
= 1
wher e
For holes in opposit e legs of angles, t he value of
g should be t he sum of t he gauges fr om t he
back of t he angle less t he t hickness of t he
angle.
vi) Member par t ially
r est r ained against
r ot at ion at one end of
t he unsuppor t ed panel
for 120 < L/r < 225
28.6 + 0.762 L/r
vii) Member par t ially
r est r ained against
r ot at ion at bot h ends of
t he unsuppor t ed panel
for 120 < L/r < 250
46.2 + 0.615 L/r
b) Redundant Members
i) For 0 < L/r < 250 L/r
Leg member s, gr ound wir e peak
member and lower member s of t he
cr oss ar ms in compr ession
120
Ot her member s car r ying comput ed
st r esses
200
Redundant member s and t hose
car r ying nominal st r esses
250
Minimum Thickness,
mm
Galvanized Paint ed
Leg member s, gr ound
wir e peak member and
lower member s of cr oss
ar ms in compr ession
5 6
Ot her member s 4 5
P = longit udinal spacing (st agger ), t hat is
t he dist ance bet ween t wo successive
holes in t he line of holes under
consider at ion;
g = t r ansver se spacing (gauge), t hat is t he
dist ance bet ween t he same t wo
consecut ive holes as for P; and
d = diamet er of holes.

; )
P
2
4gd
----------
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
4
9 NET EF F ECTI VE AREA F OR ANGLE
SECTI ON I N TENSI ON
9.1 In t he case of single angle connect ed
t hr ough one leg, t he net effect ive sect ion of t he
angle shall be t aken as:
A
1
+ A
2
k
wher e
wher e lug angles ar e used, t he effect ive
sect ional ar ea of t he whole of t he angle member
shall be consider ed.
9.2 In t he case of pair of angles back t o back in
t ension connect ed by one leg of each angle t o
t he same side of gusset , t he net effect ive ar ea
shall be t aken as:
A
1
+ A
2
k
wher e
A
1
and A
2
ar e as defined in 9.1, and
k =
9.3 The angles connect ed t oget her back-t o-back
(in cont act ) or separ at ed back-t o-back by a
dist ance not exceeding t he aggr egat e t hickness
of t he connect ed par t s shall be pr ovided wit h
st ich bolt at a a pit ch not exceeding 1 000 mm.
The slender ness r at io of individual component
bet ween adjacent st ich bolt s shall not be mor e
t han t hat of t he t wo member s t oget her .
9.4 Wher e t he angles ar e back t o back but not
connect ed as per 9.3, each angle shall be
designed as a single angle connect ed t hr ough
one leg only in accor dance wit h 9.1.
9.5 When t wo t ees ar e placed back t o back but
ar e not connect ed as per 9.3, each t ee shall be
designed as a single t ee connect ed t o one side of
a gusset only in accor dance wit h 9.2.
NOTE The ar ea of t he leg of an angle shall be t aken
as t he pr oduct of t he t hickness and t he lengt h fr om t he
out er cor ner minus half t he t hickness, and t he ar ea of
t he leg of a t ee as t he pr oduct of t he t hickness and t he
dept h minus t he t hickness of t he t able.
10 BOLTI NG
10.1 Mi n i mu m Di a met er of Bolt s
The diamet er of bolt s shall not be less t han
12 mm
10.2 P r efer r ed Si zes of Bolt s
Bolt s used for er ect ion of t r ansmission line
t ower s shall be of diamet er 12, 16 and 20 mm.
10.3 The lengt h of bolt s shall be such t hat t he
t hr eaded por t ion does not lie in t he plane of
cont act of member s. The pr oject ed por t ion of
t he bolt beyond t he nut shall be bet ween 3 t o
8 mm.
10.4 Gr oss Ar ea of Bolt
For t he pur pose of calculat ing t he shear st r ess,
t he gr oss ar ea of bolt s shall be t aken as t he
nominal ar ea of t he bolt .
10.5 The bolt ar ea for bear ing shall be t aken as
d t wher e d is t he nominal diamet er of t he
bolt , and t t he t hickness of t he t hinner of t he
par t s joint ed.
10.6 The net ar ea of a bolt in t ension shall be
t aken as t he ar ea at t he r oot of t he t hr ead.
10.7 Holes for Bolt i n g
The diamet er of t he hole dr illed/punched shall
not be mor e t han t he nominal diamet er of t he
bolt plus 1.5 mm.
11 F RAMI NG
11.1 The angle bet ween any t wo member s
common t o a joint of a t r ussed fr ame shall
pr efer ably be gr eat er t han 20 and never less
t han 15 due t o uncer t aint y of st r ess
dist r ibut ion bet ween t wo closely spaced
member s.
ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )
LI ST OF REF ERRED I NDI AN STANDARDS
A
1
= effect ive sect ional ar ea of t he
connect ed leg.
A
2
= t he gr oss cr oss-sect ional ar ea of t he
unconnect ed leg, and
k =
3A
1
3A
1
A
2
+ ( )
-----------------------------
5A
1
5A
1
A
2
+
------------------------
IS No. Title
800 : 1984 Code of pr act ice for use of
st r uct ur al st eel in gener al
building const r uct ion ( revised )
3757 : 1985 High st r engt h st r uct ur al bolt s
( second revision )
IS No. Title
4000 : 1992 Code of pr act ice for high
st r engt h bolt s in st eel
st r uct ur es
6639 : 1972 Hexagonal bolt for st eel
st r uct ur es
12427 : 1988 Tr ansmission t ower bolt s
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
5
ANNEX B
( Clause 6.2 )
EXAMP LES OF DETERMI NATI ON OF SLENDERNESS RATI OS
B-0 Example of det er mining t he effect ive lengt h of compr ession member s of t ower s based on t he
pr ovision given in 6.1 ar e given below.
B-1 LEG MEMBER USI NG SYMMETRI CAL BRACI NG
B-2 LEG MEMBER USI NG STAGGERED BRACI NG
Method of Loading/
Rigidity of J oints
S lenderness Ratio
Concent r ic loading fr om 0 t o 120
No r est r aint at ends fr om 120 t o 200
Method of Loading/
Rigidity of J oints
S lenderness Ratio
Concent r ic loading or 0.67 fr om 0
t o 120
No r est r aint at ends or 0.67 fr om 120
t o 200
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
vv
-------- =
,
_
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
vv
-------- =
,
_
L
r
xx
-------- or
L
r
yy
--------
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
xx
-------- or
L
r
yy
--------
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
6
B-3 EF F ECT OF END CONNECTI ONS ON MEMBER CAP ACI TY
Method of Loading/Rigidity of
J oints
S lenderness Ratio
Tension syst em wit h compr ession
st r ut (eccent r icit y in cr it ical
axis)
fr om 0 t o 120
Bracing Requirements ( S ingle
Angle Members ):
Single bolt connect ion, no
r est r aint at ends
fr om 120 t o 200
Mult iple bolt connect ion par t ial
r est r aint at bot h ends
fr om 120 t o 250
B-4 CONCENTRI C LOADI NG TWO ANGLE MEMBER
Method of Loading/Rigidity
of J oints
S lenderness Ratio
Tension syst em st r ut compr ession
concent r ic loading
or fr om 0 t o 120
Bracing Requirements ( Two Angle
Member ):
or fr om 120 t o 200
Mult iple bolt connect ion, par t ial
or fr om 120 t o 250
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
-------- 60 0.5
L
r
---- + =
,
_
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
xx
--------
L
r
yy
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
xx
--------
L
r
yy
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
xx
--------
L
r
yy
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
7
B-5 HORI ZONTAL MEMBER OF K-BRACI NG-TWO ANGLE MEMBER
of J oints
S lenderness Ratio
Tension-compression system
with compression strut:
Mult iple bolt s connect ion
par t ial r est r aint at ends
and int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 120 t o 250
Bracing Requirements ( Two
Angle Member ):
Concent r ic load at ends,
eccent r ic loading at
int er mediat e in bot h
dir ect ions
0.5 fr om 0 t o 120
Concent r ic loading at ends
and int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 0 t o 120
L
r
yy
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
yy
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 30 0.75
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
yy
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
8
B-6 EF F ECT OF SUBDI VI DED P ANELS F OR THE HORI ZONTAL MEMBER AND END
CONNECTI ONS ON MEMBER CAP ACI TY
of J oints
S lenderness Ratio
Tension system with
compression strut:
Eccent r icit y in cr it ical axis 0.5 fr om 0 t o 120
Bracing Requirements:
r est r aint at ends for
int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 120 t o 200
Mult iple bolt connect ion at
ends. Single bolt connect ion
at int er mediat e point :
Par t ial r est r aint at one end,
on r est r aint at int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 120 t o 225
Par t ial r est r aint at bot h ends fr om 120 t o 250
Mult iple bolt connect ion
Par t ial r est r aint at ends and
int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 120 t o 250
L
r
vv
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 60 0.50
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
vv
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
vv
--------
KL
r
-------- 28.6 0.762
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
vv
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
9
B-7 CONCENTRI C LOADI NG TWO ANGLE MEMBER, SUBDI VI DED P ANELS OF A
HORI ZONTAL MEMBER
of Panel
S lenderness Ratio
Tension system with
compression strut:
0.5 fr om 0 t o 120
Concent r ic loading
Bracing Requirements:
r est r aint at ends and
int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 120 t o 200
Mult iple bolt connect ion at
ends. Single bolt connect ion
at int er mediat e joint
Par t ial r est r aint at one end,
no r est r aint at int er mediat e 0.5 fr om 120 t o 200
Par t ial r est r aint at bot h ends fr om 120 t o 250
Mult iple bolt connect ion
Par t ial r est r aint at ends
and int er mediat e
0.5 fr om 120 t o 250
L
r
yy
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
yy
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
--------
L
r
--- - =
,
_
L
r
yy
--------
KL
r
-------- 28.6 0.762
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
L
r
yy
-------- or
L
r
xx
--------
KL
r
-------- 46.2 0.615
L
r
--- - + =
,
_
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
10
B-8 X-BRACI NGS WI TH AND WI THOUT SECONDARY MEMBERS
S lenderness Ratio Critical of:
B-8.1 AB/r
vv
B-8.2
a)
AC/r
vv
or CB/r
vv
or
*AB/r
xx
or *AB/r
yy
or
*AD/r
vv
b)
AC/r
vv
or CB/r
vv
or
*AD/r
vv
B-8.3
a)
AD/r
vv
or *AF/r
xx
or
DC/r
vv
or *AE/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
or
*AB/r
xx
or *AB/r
yy
or
EF/r
vv
b)
AD/r
vv
or *AF/r
xx
or
DC/r
vv
or *AE/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
or
AC/r
xx
or *AC/r
vy
or
EF/r
vv
c)
AD/r
vv
or *AF/r
xx
or
DC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
or *AE/r
vv
or
EF/r
vv
B-8.4 AE/r
vv
or *AF/r
xx
or
ED/r
vv
or *AE/r
vv
or
DC/r
vv
or CB/r
vv
*Applicat ion for t ension compr ession syst em only i.e. t ensile st r esses in one br acing must be at least equal t o 75 per cent
of t he compr essive st r ess in t he ot her br acing.
#The cor ner st ay should be designed t o pr ovide lat er al suppor t adequat ely.
I S 802 (P a r t 1/Sec 2) : 1992
11
B-9 K-BRACI NGS WI TH AND WI THOUT SECONDARY MEMBERS
S lenderness Ratio Critical of:
B-9.1 AB/r
vv
B-9.2
a)
AC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
or
AB/r
xx
or AB/r
yy
b)
AC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
B-9.3
a)
AD/r
vv
or
DC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
or
AB/r
xx
or AB/r
yy
b)
AD/r
vv
or
DC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
or
AC/r
xx
or AC/r
yy
c)
AD/r
vv
or
DC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
B-9.4 AE/r
vv
or
ED/r
vv
or
DC/r
vv
or
CB/r
vv
#The cor ner st ay should be designed t o pr ovide lat er al suppor t adequat ely.
Bu r ea u of I n d i a n St a n d a r d s
BIS is a st at ut or y inst it ut ion est ablished under t he Bureau of Indian S tandards Act, 1986 t o pr omot e
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This Indian St andar d has been developed fr om Doc : No. CED 7 (4725)
Amen d men t s I ssu ed Si n ce P u bli ca t i on
Amen d No. Da t e of I ssu e Text Affect ed
Amd. No. 1 J anuar y 1998
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BIS 2003
B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
NEW DELHI 110002
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
(Rea ffi r med 2001)
Ed i t i on 1.1
(1992-08)
P r i ce Gr ou p 3
Indian S tandard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
P ART I I F ABRI CATI ON, GALVANI ZI NG, I NSP ECTI ON
AND P ACKI NG
(Incor por at ing Amendment No. 1)
UDC 621.315.668.2:006.76
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
BIS 2003
This publicat ion is pr ot ect ed under t he Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
r epr oduct ion in whole or in par t by any means except wit h wr it t en per mission of t he
publisher shall be deemed t o be an infr ingement of copyr ight under t he said Act .
Indian S tandard
AND P ACKI NG
St r uct ur al Engineer ing Sect ional Commit t ee, SMBDC 7
Chairman Represent ing
DIRECTOR STANDARDS (CIVIL) Minist r y of Railways
Members
SHRI R. M. AGARWAL
DR SHAMSHER PRAKASH ( Alt ernate )
Inst it ut ion of Engineer s (India), Calcut t a
SHRI A. K. BANERJ EE
SHRI S. SANKARAN ( Alternat e )
Met allur gical and Engineer ing Consult ant s
(India) Lt d, Ranchi
SHRI S. N. BASU
SHRI D. B. J AIN ( Alt ernate )
Inspect ion Wing, Dir ect or at e Gener al of
Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi
SHRI P. C. BHASIN Minist r y of Shipping and Tr anspor t
(Depar t ment of Tr anspor t ) (Roads Wing)
SHRI V. S. BHIDE
DEPUTY DIRECTOR (GATES AND
DESIGNS) ( Alt ernate )
Cent r al Wat er Commission, New Delhi
DR P. N. CHATTERJ EE Gover nment of West Bengal
DR P. DAYARATNAM Indian Inst it ut e of Technology, Kanpur
SHRI D. S. DESAI
SHRI S. R. KULKARNI ( Alternate )
M. N. Dast ur & Co Pvt Lt d, Calcut t a
DIRECTOR (TRANSMISSION)
DEPUTY DIRECTOR (TRANSMISSION)
( Alt ernate )
Cent r al Elect r icit y Aut hor it y, New Delhi
J OINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B & S)
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR (B & S)-SB
( Alt ernate )
Minist r y of Railways
SHRI K. K. KHANNA
SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN ( Alt ernate )
Nat ional Buildings Or ganizat ion, New Delhi
( Cont inued on page 2 )
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
2
Members Represent ing
SHRI P. K. MALLICK J essop & Co Lt d, Calcut t a
SHRI P. K. MUKHERJ EE
SHRI P. T. PATEL ( Alternat e )
Br ait hwait e & Co (India) Lt d, Calcut t a
SHRI. S. MUKHERJ EE Hindust an St eel Lt d, Dur gapur
SHRI S. K. MUKHERJ EE
SHRI B. K. CHATTERJ EE ( Alternat e )
Br idge & Roof Co (India) Lt d, Howr ah
SHRI P. N. BHASKARAN NAIR
SHRI A. B. RIBEIRO ( Alternat e )
Rail India Technical and Economics Ser vices,
New Delhi
SHRI R. NARAYANAN St r uct ur al Engineer ing Resear ch Cent r e
(CSIR), Roor kee
PROF H. C. PARMESHWARAM
SHRI C. S. S. RAO ( Alt ernate )
Engineer -in-Chiefs Br anch, Minist r y of Defence
SHRI DILIP PAUL Indust r ial Fast ener s Associat ion of India,
Calcut t a
REPRESENTATIVE
SHRI A. P. KAYAL ( Alternat e )
Bur n St andar d Co Lt d, Howr ah
REPRESENTATIVE Hindust an St eel Wor ks Const r uct ion Lt d,
Calcut t a
REPRESENTATIVE
SHRI P. V. NAIK ( Alternat e )
Richar dson & Cr uddas Lt d, Bombay
SHRI P. SENGUPTA
SHRI M. M. GHOSH ( Alternat e )
St ewar t s & Lloyds of India Lt d, Calcut t a
SHRI G. SRINIVASAN
SHRI G. L. NARASAIAH ( Alternate )
Bhar at Heavy Elect r icals Lt d, Tir uchir apalli
SHRI D. SRINIVASAN
SHRI B. P. GHOSH ( Alt ernat e )
J oint Plant Commit t ee, Calcut t a
SHRI M. D. THAMBEKAR Bombay Por t Tr ust , Bombay
SHRI L. D. WADHWA
SHRI B. B. NAG ( Alternat e )
Engineer s India Lt d, New Delhi
SHRI C. R. RAMA RAO,
Dir ect or (St r uc & Met )
Dir ect or Gener al, BIS ( Ex-officio Member )
S ecret ary
SHRI S. S. SETHI
Assist ant Dir ect or (St r uc & Met ), BIS
Subcommit t ee for Code of Pr act ice for Use of St eel in Over head
Tr ansmission Line Tower s, SMBDC 7 : 1
Convener
SHRI V. D. ANAND Cent r al Elect r icit y Aut hor it y, New Delhi
Members
SHRI H. S. SEHRA ( Alternat e t o
Shr i V. D. Anand)
SHRI M. ARUMUGAM Tamil Nadu Elect r icit y Boar d, Madr as
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR STANDARDS
(B & S)-I
DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS
(C-OHE) ( Alt ernate )
Minist r y of Railways
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
3
Indian S tandard
AND P ACKI NG
0. F O R E W O R D
0.1 This Indian St andar d (Par t II) was adopt ed by t he Indian
St andar ds Inst it ut ion on 25 Oct ober 1978, aft er t he dr aft finalized by
t he St r uct ur al Engineer ing Sect ional Commit t ee had been appr oved
by t he St r uct ur al and Met als Division Council and t he Civil
Engineer ing Division Council.
0.2 Wit h t he publicat ion of IS : 802 (Par t I)-1977* pr ovisions-
r egar ding loads, mat er ial, per missible st r esses and design aspect have
been cover ed. In t his par t r equir ement s r egar ding fabr icat ion,
galvanizing, inspect ion and packing of over head t r ansmission line
t ower s have been cover ed.
0.3 This st andar d keeps in view t he pr act ices being followed in t he
count r y in t his field. Assist ance has been der ived fr om t he Guide for
design of st eel t r ansmission line t ower s issued by t he Amer ican
Societ y of Civil Engineer s.
0.4 This edit ion 1.1 incor por at es Amendment No. 1 (August 1992).
Side bar indicat es modificat ion of t he t ext as t he r esult of
incor por at ion of t he amendment .
0.5 For t he pur pose of deciding whet her a par t icular r equir ement of
t his st andar d is complied wit h, t he final value, obser ved or calculat ed,
expr essing t he r esult of a t est , shall be r ounded off in accor dance wit h
IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places r et ained in t he r ounded
off value should be t he same as t hat of t he specified value in t his
st andar d.
1. SCOP E
1.1 This st andar d (Par t II) cover s t he pr ovisions r elat ing t o t he
fabr icat ion, galvanizing, inspect ion and packing r equir ement s of
self-suppor t ing st eel lat t ice t ower s for over head t r ansmission lines.
1.1.1 Pr ovisions r egar ding loads, per missible st r esses and design
consider at ions have been cover ed in Par t I of t his st andar d.
*Code of pr act ice for use of st r uct ur al st eel in over head t r ansmission line t ower s:
Par t I Loads and per missible st r esses ( second revision ).
Rules for r ounding off numer ical values ( revised ).
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
4
1.1.2 Pr ovisions r egar ding t est ing of t ower s have been cover ed in Par t
III of t his st andar d.
1.1.3 For pr ovisions r egar ding er ect ion of t ower s, r efer ence shall be
made t o IS : 5613 (Par t II/Sec 2)-1976*.
1.2 This code does not cover guyed t ower s and special t ower s for r iver
cr ossing or ot her long spans. These will be cover ed by separ at e codes.
2. P LAN AND DRAWI NG
2.1 Plans and dr awings shall be pr epar ed accor ding t o IS : 696-1972
and IS : 962-1967.
2.2 St r u ct u r a l Assemb ly Dr a wi n gs
2.2.1 The dr awings shall show t he complet e design dimensions,
member lengt h, slope fact or s or t r iangles, sect ion sizes, bend lines,
gauge lines, diamet er , lengt h and number of bolt s, spacer s, washer s,
sizes of gusset plat es, posit ion of holes, et c, and r elat ive locat ion of
var ious member s.
2.2.1.1 Sufficient number of elevat ion, cr oss sect ion and plan views
shall be pr esent ed t o clear ly indicat e t he det ails of joint s and
ar r angement of member s.
2.2.2 All member s shall be clear ly shown and t he r espect ive
ident ificat ion mar k allot t ed t o each member .
2.2.3 The dr awings shall be dr awn t o a scale lar ge enough t o convey
t he infor mat ion adequat ely.
2.2.4 All connect ions shall be det ailed t o minimize eccent r icit y of t he
connect ion.
NOTE Due consider at ion shall be given t o t he addit ional st r esses int r oduced in t he
member s on account of eccent r icit y of t he connect ion.
2.3 Sh op Dr a wi n g Shop dr awings, cont aining complet e
infor mat ion necessar y for fabr icat ion of t he component par t s of t he
st r uct ur es shall be pr epar ed. These dr awings shall clear ly show t he
member sizes, lengt h and mar ks, hole posit ions, gauge lines, bend
lines, edge dist ances, amount of clipping, not ching, et c.
2.3.1 In t he case of member s t o be bent , t he shop dr awings shall
indicat e pr ovision for t he var iat ion in lengt h t o be made.
2.4 Bi l l of Ma t e r i a l Bill of mat er ial for each t ype of t ower shall be
pr epar ed separ at ely. This shall indicat e gr ade of st eel, mar k number s,
*Code of pr act ice for design, inst allat ion and maint enance of over head power lines:
Par t II Lines above 11 kV up t o and including 220 kV, Sect ion 2 Inst allat ion and
maint enance.
Code of pr act ice for gener al engineer ing dr awings ( second revision ).
Code of pr act ice for ar chit ect ur al and building dr awing ( first revision ).
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
5
sect ion sizes, member lengt hs, t heir calculat ed weight s, number of
bolt s, nut s and washer s and t heir sizes, t ot al quant it ies r equir ed and
st r uct ur al dr awing number s.
2.4.1 No r educt ion in weight due t o dr illing, punching of bolt holes,
scr ew cut s, clipping, not ching, chamfer ing, et c, shall be made while
comput ing t he calculat ed weight of t he member s.
3. F ABRI CATI ON
3.1 Gen er a l The fabr icat ion of t r ansmission line t ower s shall be
done in accor dance wit h t his code. A r efer ence may, however , be made
t o IS : 800-1962* in case of non-st ipulat ion of some par t icular pr ovision
in t his st andar d.
3.2 Ma t er i a l Qu a li t y Con t r ol In cases wher e mor e t han one gr ade
of st eel is used in t he st r uct ur al member s, pr oper ident ificat ion mar ks
of t he var ious gr ades of st eel being used shall be made on t he mat er ial
t o ensur e t heir ult imat e use in t he pr oper locat ion in t he t ower s befor e
t aking up t he fabr icat ion.
4. OP ERATI ONS I N F ABRI CATI ON
4.1 St r a i gh t e n i n g All mat er ial shall be r easonably st r aight and, if
necessar y, befor e being wor ked shall be st r aight ened and/or flat t ened
by pr essur e, unless r equir ed t o be of cur vilinear for m and shall be fr ee
fr om t wist s. St r aight ening shall not damage t he mat er ial. The
adjacent sur faces of t he par t s when assembled, shall be in close
cont act t hr oughout keeping in view t he t oler ances specified.
Hammer ing shall not be per mit t ed for st r aight ening and/or flat t ening
of member s. Shar p bends shall be cause for r eject ion.
4.2 Cu t t i n g Cut t ing may be effect ed by shear ing, cr opping, flame
cut t ing or sawing. The sur faces so cut shall be clean, smoot h,
r easonably squar e and fr ee fr om any dist or t ion.
4.3 Be n d i n g
4.3.1 Mild st eel angle sect ions up t o 75 75 mm (up t o 6 mm t hick)
shall be bent cold up t o and including bend angle of 10; angles above
75 75 mm (t hickness up t o 6 mm) and up t o and including 100 100
mm (t hickness up t o 8 mm) may also be bent cold up t o t he bend angle
of 5. All ot her angle sect ions and bend angles not cover ed above shall
be bent hot .
4.3.2 All plat es up t o 12 mm t hickness shall be bent cold up t o a
maximum bend angle of 15. Gr eat er bends and ot her t hicknesses
shall be bent hot .
4.3.3 Bends on all high t ensile st eel sect ions shall be done hot .
*Code of pr act ice for use of st r uct ur al st eel in gener al building const r uct ion ( revised ).
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
6
4.3.4 All hot bent mat er ial shall be air cooled.
4.3.5 The bends shall be of even pr ofile and fr ee fr om any sur face
damages.
4.4 Holi n g
4.4.1 Holes in t he member s shall eit her be dr illed or punched t o jig and
shall not be for med by flame cut t ing pr ocess. All bur r s left by punching
or dr illing shall be complet ely r emoved.
4.4.2 Punching may be adopt ed for sect ions up t o 12 mm t hick. For
t hicker sect ions, dr illing shall be done.
4.4.3 The holes near t he bend line of a bent member , on bot h sides of
bend line, shall be punched/dr illed aft er bending and r elat ive posit ion
of t hese holes shall be maint ained wit h t he use of pr oper t emplat e/jigs
and fixt ur es.
5. FASTENERS AND J OI NTS
5.1 Gen er a l It shall be ensur ed t hat t he fast ener s pr ovide posit ive
at t achment at all t imes and under t he condit ions when t he t ower
st r uct ur es ar e subject ed t o vibr at or y loads.
5.2 Bol t s Bolt s used for er ect ion of t r ansmission line t ower shall
pr efer ably be of 12, 16 and 20 mm diamet er and in no case bolt
diamet er shall be less t han 12 mm.
5.2.1 Only one diamet er of bolt s shall pr efer ably be used in one t ower
t ype.
5.2.2 The lengt h of t he bolt shall be such t hat t he t hr eaded por t ion
does not lie in t he plane of cont act of member s.
5.2.3 It shall also be ensur ed t hat t he t hr eaded por t ion of t he bolt
pr ot r udes not less t han 3 mm and not mor e t han 8 mm over t he nut
aft er it is fully t ight ened.
5.3 Hole s for Bolt i n g Holes shall be cylindr ical. Oval or lobed
for ms of holes shall not be per mit t ed. The diamet er of t he hole shall be
equal t o t he diamet er of t he bolt plus 1.5 mm.
5.3.1 Holes shall be per pendicular t o t he plat es or angles.
5.3.2 The accur acy of t he locat ion of holes shall be such t hat for any
gr oup of member s when assembled t he holes shall admit t he bolt at
r ight angle t o t he plane of connect ion.
5.4 Sp a ci n g of Bolt s a n d Ed ge Di st a n ce The minimum spacing
of bolt s and edge dist ance shall be as given in Table 1.
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
7
5.5 In dimensioning gauge lines, allowance shall be made for t he mill
t oler ance in widt h of flange in accor dance wit h IS : 1852-1973* so as t o
ensur e minimum edge dist ance specified in 5.4.
5.6 Lock in g De vice s Spr ing washer s of posit ive lock t ype of t he
following t hicknesses shall be pr ovided for inser t ion under all nut s.
5.7 To obviat e bending st r ess in bolt s or t o r educe t he same t o a
minimum, no bolt shall connect aggr egat e t hickness of mor e t han
t hr ee t imes t he bolt diamet er and also t he number of member s
car r ying st r ess t o be connect ed by a single bolt shall not gener ally
exceed t hr ee (excluding gusset s and packing).
5.8 The gap bet ween t he ends of t wo connect ed member s in a but t joint
shall not be mor e t han 6 mm and less t han 4 mm.
5.9 Bol t Ga u ge Di st a n ce s i n F la n ge s of An gl e s The bolt gauge
dist ances in flanges of angle sect ions shall gener ally be in accor dance
wit h Table XXXI of SP : 6(Par t 1)-1964.
TABLE 1 SP ACI NG OF BOLTS AND EDGE DI STANCE
( Clause 5.4 )
BOLT
DIAMETER
HOLE
DIAMETER
BOLT SPACING,
Min
EDGE DISTANCE, Min
Hole Cent r e
t o Rolled or
Sawn Edge
Hole Cent r e
t o Shear ed or
Flame Cut
Edge
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
mm mm mm mm mm
12
16
20
13.5
17.5
21.5
32
40
48
16
20
25
20
23
28
*Specificat ion for r olling and cut t ing t oler ance for hot r olled st eel pr oduct s ( second
revision ).
Bolt Dia
mm
Thickness of S pring Washer
mm
12
16
20
2.5
3.5
4.0
ISI Handbook for st r uct ur al engineer s St r uct ur al st eel sect ions ( revised ).

I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
8
6. TOLERANCES
6.1 Fabr icat ion t oler ances shall confor m t o t hose specified in 6.2 t o 6.5.
Toler ances not specified in t his code shall in gener al confor m t o
IS : 7215-1974*.
6.2 The maximum allowable differ ence in diamet er of t he holes on t he
t wo sides of plat e or angle shall be 0.8 mm, t hat is, t he allowable t aper
in a punched hole shall not exceed 0.8 mm on diamet er .
6.3 Toler ance cumulat ive and bet ween consecut ive holes shall be
wit hin 2 mm and 1 mm r espect ively.
6.4 Toler ance on t he over all lengt h of a member shall be wit hin
2 mm.
6.5 Toler ance on gauge dist ance shall be wit hin 1 mm.
7. MARKI NG
7.1 The ident ificat ion mar k allot t ed t o each member shall be dist inct ly
st amped befor e galvanizing wit h mar king dies of 16 mm size.
8. SHOP ERECTI ON
8.1 The st eel wor k shall be t empor ar ily shop er ect ed complet e in
hor izont al or ver t ical posit ion (one t ower of each t ype including ever y
combinat ion of leg ext ensions) so t hat accur acy of t he member s may be
checked befor e commencing mass fabr icat ion.
9. P AI NTI NG AND GALVANI ZI NG
9.1 P a i n t i n g Pr epar at ion of sur face for paint ing (pr et r eat ment )
and applicat ion of pr imer and finishing coat s shall be done in
accor dance wit h t he r elevant clauses of IS : 1477 (Par t I)-1971 and
IS : 1477 (Par t II)-1971 r espect ively.
9.1.1 The pr et r eat ment t o t he member s and applicat ion of pr imer coat
shall be done immediat ely aft er fabr icat ion. Anot her pr imer coat
followed by t wo coat s of finishing paint shall be given at sit e aft er t he
fabr icat ed st eel wor k is er ect ed. In case t he pr imer coat is scr aped
dur ing t r anspor t at ion, t he member sur face shall be cleaned befor e
applying t he pr imer coat in t he field.
9.2 Ga lva n i zin g Bolt s and ot her fast ener s shall be galvanized in
accor dance wit h IS : 5358-1969 galvanizing of member s of t he t ower
shall confor m t o IS : 4759-1968| | and spr ing washer s shall be
galvanized in accor dance wit h IS : 1573-1970 .
*Toler ances for fabr icat ion of st eel st r uct ur es.
Code of pr act ice for paint ing of fer r ous met als in buildings: Par t I Pr et r eat ment
( first revision ).
Code of pr act ice for paint ing of fer r ous met als in buildings: Par t II Paint ing ( first
revision ).
Specificat ion for hot -dip galvanized coat ings on fast ener s.
| | Specificat ion for hot -dip zinc coat ing on st r uct ur al st eel and ot her allied pr oduct s.
Specificat ion for elect r oplat ed coat ings for zinc on ir on and st eel.
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
9
10. I NSP ECTI ON
10.1 The inspect or shall have fr ee access at all r easonable t imes t o
t hose par t s of t he manufact ur er s wor ks which ar e concer ned wit h t he
fabr icat ion of t he st eel wor k and shall be affor ded all r easonable
facilit ies for sat isfying himself t hat t he fabr icat ion is being done in
accor dance wit h t he pr ovisions of t his st andar d.
10.2 Unless specified ot her wise, inspect ion, shall be made at t he place
of manufact ur e pr ior t o despat ch and shall be conduct ed so as not t o
int er fer e unnecessar ily wit h t he oper at ion of t he wor k.
10.3 The manufact ur er shall guar ant ee compliance wit h t he
pr ovisions of t his st andar d, if r equir ed t o do so by t he pur chaser .
10.4 Should any member of t he st r uct ur e be found not t o comply wit h
any of t he pr ovisions of t his st andar d, it shall be liable t o r eject ion. No
member once r eject ed shall be r esubmit t ed for inspect ion, except in
cases wher e t he pur chaser or his aut hor ized r epr esent at ive consider s
t he defect as r ect ifiable.
10.5 Defect s which may appear dur ing fabr icat ion shall be made good
wit h t he consent of and accor ding t o t he pr ocedur e laid down by t he
inspect or .
10.6 All gauges and t emplat es necessar y t o sat isfy t he inspect or shall
be supplied by t he manufact ur er .
10.7 The cor r ect gr ade and qualit y of st eel shall be used by t he
manufact ur er . To ascer t ain t he qualit y of st eel used, t he inspect or at
his discr et ion may get t he mat er ial t est ed at a suit able or appr oved
labor at or y.
11. P ACKI NG
11.1 Angle sect ions shall be wir e bundled or despat ched loose as may
be mut ually agr eed upon.
11.2 Cleat angles, gusset plat es, br acket s, fillet plat e, hanger and
similar loose pieces shall be nest ed and bolt ed t oget her in mult iples or
secur ely wir ed t oget her t hr ough holes.
11.3 Bolt s, nut s, washer s. and ot her at t achment s shall be packed in
double gunny bags accur at ely t agged in accor dance wit h t he cont ent s.
11.4 The packings shall avoid losses/damages dur ing t r ansit . Each
bundle or package shall be appr opr iat ely mar ked.
I S : 802 (P a r t I I ) - 1978
10
Members Representing
SHRI S. K. BHATTACHARJ EE
SHRI V. NARAYANAN ( Alt ernate )
SAE (India) Lt d, Calcut t a
CHIEF ENGINEER
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER ( Alt ernate )
Andhr a Pr adesh Elect r icit y Boar d,
Hyder abad
SHRI K. R. DEB
SHRI SWARAJ GUPTA ( Alternate )
Damodar Valley Cor por at ion, Calcut t a
SHRI J . C. GUPTA Beas Const r uct ion Boar d, Chandigar h
SHRI J . C. GUPTA
SHRI V. B. SINGH ( Alt ernate )
U. P. St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Lucknow
SHRI OM KHOSLA
SHRI S. N. SINGH ( Alternat e )
EMC St eelal Lt d, Calcut t a
SHRI S. N. MISRA
SHRI S. R. J OSHI ( Alternat e )
Mahar asht r a St at e Elect r icit y Boar d,
Bombay
SHRI NIRVAIR SINGH Punjab St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Chandigar h
SHRI N. D. PARIKH
SHRI S. D. DAND ( Alt ernate )
Kamani Engineer ing Cor por at ion Lt d,
Bombay
SHRI R. N. PENDSE
DR R. RANJ AN ( Alternat e )
Tat a Hydr o Elect r ic Power Supply Co Lt d,
Bombay
SHRI P. V. RAMAIAH Kar nat aka St at e Elect r icit y Boar d,
Bangalor e
SHRI N. V. RAMAN
SHRI R. NARAYANAN ( Alt ernate )
St r uct ur al Engineer ing Resear ch Cent r e
(CSIR), Roor kee
SHRI T. K. RAMANATHAN
SHRI K. V. S. MURTHY ( Alternat e )
Tr iveni St r uct ur als Lt d, Naini, Allahabad
REPRESENTATIVE
SHRI NIRPINDER SINGH ( Alt ernate )
Bhakr a Management Boar d, Chandigar h
SHRI A. P. SHARMA Madhya Pr adesh Elect r icit y Boar d,
J abalpur
SHRI N. SINHA Bihar St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Pat na
SHRI S. N. VOHRA Inspect ion Wing, Dir ect or at e Gener al of
Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi
Bu r e a u of I n d i a n St a n d a r d s
BIS is a st at ut or y inst it ut ion est ablished under t he Bureau of Indian S tandards Act, 1986 t o pr omot e
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Cop yr i gh t
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Amendment s ar e issued t o st andar ds as t he need ar ises on t he basis of comment s. St andar ds ar e also
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t hat no changes ar e needed; if t he r eview indicat es t hat changes ar e needed, it is t aken up for
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amendment s or edit ion by r eferr ing t o t he lat est issue of BIS Cat alogue and St andar ds : Mont hly
Addit ions.
This Indian St andar d has been developed by Technical Commit t ee : SMBDC 7 and amended by
CED 7
Amen d men t s I ssu ed Si n ce P u bl i ca t i on
Ame n d No. Da t e of I ssu e
Amd. No. 1 August 1992
Headquar t er s:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Mar g, New Delhi 110002.
Telephones: 323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02
Telegr ams: Manaksanst ha
(Common t o all offices)
Cent r al : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Mar g
NEW DELHI 110002
323 76 17
323 38 41
East er n : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankur gachi
KOLKATA 700054
337 84 99, 337 85 61
337 86 26, 337 91 20
Nort her n : SCO 335-336, Sect or 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43
60 20 25
Sout her n : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cr oss Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16, 235 04 42
235 15 19, 235 23 15
West er n : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Mar ol, Andher i (East )
MUMBAI 400093
832 92 95, 832 78 58
832 78 91, 832 78 92
Br anches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE.
FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. J AIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW.
NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJ KOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
VISHAKHAPATNAM

I S : 802 ( Part I I I ) - 1978

Indian Standard
USE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL IN i
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
PART I I I TESTI NG
( Second Repr int MARCH 1993 )
UDC 621.315.668.2.006.76:620.1
@ CoPyright 1979
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 2 February 1979
( Reaffirmed 1998 )
IS : 802 ( Par t III ) - 1978
Indian St andard
USE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL IN
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
PART III TESTING
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, SMBDC 7
Ckairman
DIRECTOR STANMHDS ( CIVIL )
Members
Representing
Ministry of Railways
SHRI R. M. AQARWAL Institution of Engineers ( India );Calcutt;\
Dn S1iar.r~~~~ ~I<AKASU I AItcrrtn!c )
Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants ( India )
Ltd, Ranchi
Suar A. K. BANE~JEE
Snnr S. SANK.~RAN ( Alternate )
buzzr. S. N. Basu
Snax D. B. JOIN ( Allnnotc )
Snrsr P. C. BH.UIN
Suns V. S. Barnx
DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( GATES
AND DEMONS ) ( dlfc r n ot c )
Dn P. N. CHATTEI~J PE
Inspection Wing, Directorate General ol Supplies
and Disposals, New Delhi
Ministry of Shipping and Transport ( Department of
Transport ) ( Roads Wing )
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Du 1. DAYARATNAM
SHUI D. S. DvsAt
Govcmmcnt of West Bengal
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
M. IN. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHICI S, R. KUI.~AIZNI ( Altcmars )
Drnnorotr ( TI~ANSJ~ISSXON )
Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
DEPUTY Druecron ( TRANS-
nIIJYlON ) ( Alternate )
J OINT DIRECTOR
STAN~A~IX~ Ministry of Railways
( A~:?,N, DII~ECT~R
( B St S )-SB ( Alfcmafe )
SUXI 6 . K. KHANN~
National Building:; Organization, New Delhi
SHBI K. S. SMNIVAs AN ( Alfrrnafc )
( Co&sued on pace 2 )
@ Copyrighf I979
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protcctcd under the Irrdiarr Copgrighl rlct ( XIV of 1957 ) and
rrproduction in whole or in part by any means rxccpt with written pcrurission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under tbc said Act.
I
I
IS : 802 ( Part Ii1 ) - 1978
( Conrinwdfrom pop I )
Mcmbars
SHRI P. K. MALLI CK
SHBI P . K. MU~HERJ EE
Repestnting
Jessop & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI P . T. P ATEL ( Alternate )
Braithwaitc & Co ( India ) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. MUKHERJ EZ
SHRI S. K. MUKHERJ EE
Hindustan Steel Ltd, Durgapur
Bridge & Roof Co ( India ) Ltd, Howrah
SHRI B. K. CHATTZRJ EE ( Alternate )
Rail India Technical and Economics Services,
New Delhi
SHRI P . N. BHASKA~AN NAIR-
SHRI P;. B. RIBEIRO ( A!fcrnafs
SHRI R. NARAYANAN
)
P zo~ H. C. P ARMESHWARAM
SERI C. S. S. RAO ( Alfernafs )
SHRI DI LI P P AUL
REP RESENTATI VE
SHRI A. P . KAYAL ( Alternate)
REP RESENTATI VE
REP RESENTATI VE
SHRI P . V. NAI K ( Alt cr n ~fc )
-
Srructzxlcnginccring Research Ccntre ( CSIR ),
Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Ministry of Defencc
Industrial Fasteners Association of India, Calcutta
Burn Standard Co Ltd, Howrah
Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd, Calcutta
Richardson 8; Cruddas Ltd, Bombay
Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd, Calcutta
1
SI 3RI P . SEa oI ?p TA
SHRI M. M. GHOSH ( Alternate,
&RI G. SRINIVASAN Bharat Heavy Elcctricals Ltd, Tiruchirapalli
SARI G. L. NARASAI BH ( Al&ma le )
SHRI D. SRI NI VASAN
SRKI B. P . GROW ( ANemote )
J oi n t P la n t Commi t t ee, Ca lcu t t a
SHRI M. D. THAMBERAR Bomba y P or t Tr u st , Bomba y
SHRI L. D. WAn IlWA Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi
SARI B. R. NAQ ( Alternate )
&RI C. R. R4Ma Ra o,
Director ( Strut & Met )
Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&o Member )
SHRI S. S. SETHI
Assi st a n t Di r ect or ( St r u t & Me t ). I S1
Subcommittee for Code of Practice for Use of Steel in Overhead
Transmission Line Towers, SMBDC 7 : 1
Co?ZrOlsr
SI I RI V. D. ANAND
Membcrr
Cen t r a l Elect r i ci t y Au t h or i t y, Ne w De lh i
SHRI H. S. SEERA ( Alternuts to
Shri V. D. Anand )
SI I RI M. ARUMUQAM
ASSI STANT DI RECTOR STANDARDS
Ta mi l Na d u Elect r i ci t y Boa r d , Ma d r a s
(B & S)-I
Mi n i st r y of Ra i lwa ys
DLPUTY DI RECTOR STAND-
ARDS ( C.-OWE ) ( &t Gr ,Wt s )
2
I S t 802 ( P a r t I I I ) - 1978
Indian St andard
CODB OF PRACTICE FOR
USE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL IN
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE TOWEiXS
PART I I I TESTI NG
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part III ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 25 October 1978, .after the draft finalized by
the Structural Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Structural and Metals Division Council and the Ci+ Engineering
Division Council.
0.2 With the publication of IS : 802 ( Part I )-1977* and IS : 802
( Part II )-19787 provisions regarding loads, material, permissible itresses,
design aspects, fabrication, galvanizing, inspection and packing require-
ments of overhead transmission line towers have been covered.
In this
part requirements regarding testing of overhead transmission line towers
have been covered.
0.3 This standard keeps in view the practices being followed in the
country in this field. Assistance has also been derived from the Guide
for design of steel transmission line towers issued by the American
Society of Civil Engineers and from the draft Loading tests of overhead
line towers issued by International Electrotechnical Commission.
0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of
this standard is complied with, khe final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960:.
The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off vahie should be the same as that of the specified value in this
stahdard.
*Code of practice for use of structural steel in overhead transtiission line towers:
Part I Loads and permissible stresses ( ~ccond revision ).
.
tCode of practice for use of structural steel in overhead transmission line tow&:
Part II Fabrication, galvanizing, inspection and packing.
jllules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
3
IS : 8 0 2 ( Pa r t III ) - 1 9 7 8
1 . SCOPE
1 . 1 This standard ( Part III ) covers the provisions relating to the
testing requirements of prototype self supporting steel lattice towers for
overhead transmission lines.
1 . 1 . 1 Provisions regarding loads, permissible stresses and design
requirements have been covered in Part I of this standard.
1.1.2 Provisions regarding fabrication, galvanizing, inspection and
packing requirements have been covered in Part II of this standard.
1.1.3 For provisions regarding erection of towers, reference shall be
made to IS : 5613 ( Part II/Set 2 )-1976.
1.2 This code does not cover guyed towers and special towers for river
crossing or other long spans.
2. GENERAL
2 . 1 Testing of tower generally serves as a guide to good tower design
and therefore shall not be considered as a requisite proof test for all
towers. The test shall be conducted on full scale prototype tower as per
the approved loading schedules and rigging diagrams. The members
constituting the prototype shall be of the same grade of steel as specified
in the design and fabrication shall conform to the provisions stipulated in
IS : 802 ( Part II )-1978t. The tower shall be tested on rigid foundation.
2.1.1 The test tower shall successfully withstand the ultimate loads
specified for various conditions.
2.2 Le g An ch or a ges - The tower shall be erected vertically on rigid
foundations with as much unbraced portion of the stub protruding above
ground level as provided in the drawing.
2.3 The tower erected on test bed shall not be out of plumb by more
than 1 in 360.
3. CALIBRATION OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
3 . 1 All measuring instruments shall be calibrated in a systematic manner
with the help of standard weights. The calibration shall, before com-
mencing the test on each tower, be done up to the maximum anticipated
load to be applied during testing. Calibration curves for the instruments
to be used during testing shall be drawn by the testing authorities and
the test loads shall be suitably corrected with the help of these curves.
*Code of practice for design, installation and maintenance of overhead power lines:
Part II Lines above 1 I kV and up to and including 220 kV, Section 2 Installation and
maintenance.
tCudc of practice for use of structural steel in overhead transmission line towers:
Parr II Fabrication, galvanizing, mspection and packing.
4
IS t 802 ( Part I I I ) - 1978
4. METHOD OF LOAD APPLI CATI ON
4.1 Loads shall be applied according to rigging diagram through normal
wire attachments, angles, or bent plates. U bolts/D shackles or swinging
brackets ( hangers ) may be used in the test tower if desired by the
purchaser, provided that satisfactory and safe rigging is attained.
4.2 The various types of loads; transverse, vertical and longitudinal
shaU be applied in such a way that there is no impact loading on the
tower due to jerks from the winches.
4.3 Loading cases (values, directions and points of application of loads)
are to be given by the client.
5. LOAD AND DEFLECTI ON MEASUREMENTS
5.1 All loads shall be measured through a suitable arrangement of strain
devices or by using weights. Positioning of strain devices shall be such
that the effect of pulley friction IS eliminated. In case the pulley friction
cannot be avoided the same shall be measured by means of standard
weights and accounted for in the test loads.
5.2 Tower deflections under load shall be measured by suitable procedure
at the top cross arm level on the front sides of the transverse and
longitudinal faces or front and rear sides of transverse facesa Deflection
readings shall be recorded for the before load, load on and load
off conditions.
.
6. TESTI NG PROCEDURES
6.1 Bolt Slip Test - In a bolt slip test, the test loads are gradually
applied up to the design loads, kept constant for 2 minutes at the design
loads and then the loads are released gradually.
The initial and final readings on the scales before application and
after the release of loads respectively shall be taken with the help of
theodolite. The difference between these readings gives the values of
the bolt-slip.
6.2 Normal Load/Broken Wire Load Tests - All the loads shall be
applied gradually up to the ultimate design loads ( design load x F.O.S. )
in the following steps and shall be released in the similar manner:
25 percent,
50 percent,
75 percent,
90 percent,
95 percent, and
100 percent.
5
I $ I 802 ( Part I I I ) - 1978
7. OBSERVATI ON PERI ODS
7.1 Under normal and broken wire load tests, the tower shall be kept
under observation for sign of failure for two minutes (excluding the time
for adjustment of loads) for all intermediate steps of loading up to and
including 95 percent of ultimate design loads. -
7.2 For normal as well as broken wire tests, the tower shall be kept under
observation for five minutes after it is loaded up to 100 percent
ultimate design loads.
0
7.3 While the loading operations are in progress, the tower shall be
constantly watched, and if it shows any tendency of failure anywhere, the
loading shall be immediately stopped, released and then the entire tower
shall be inspected. The re-loading shall be started only after the
corrective measures are taken.
8. RECORDI NGS
8.1 The deflections of the tower shall be recorded at each intermediate
and final stage of normal load/ broken wire load test by means of a
thcodolite and grxduatcd scales.
8.2 The graduated scales which are fitted on the tower shall be about one
metrc long with marking up to 5 mm accuracy.
3. DESTRUCTI ON TEST
9.1 If the purchaser so desires, the tower shall be tested to destruction,
9.2 Destruction test shall be carried out under normal condition or broken
wire condition as agreed between the purchaser and the contractor.
9.3 All the provisions of this code for normal load/ broken wire load test
are applicable to destruction test as well.
However, the loads shall be
increased in steps of 5 pcrccnt after the ultimate design loads have been
reached.
10. CHECK FOR MECHANI CAL STRENGTH OF TOWER.
lo.1 The structure is considered to be satisfactory if it is able to support
the specified ultimate load for 5 minutes as stipulated in 6.2, with no
visible local deformation after unloading ( such asbowing, buckling), and
no breakage of clrmrnts or constituent parts.
IO.2 Ovaiization of holes and permanent deformation of bolts shall not be
corrsidcred as failure.
16.3 Material Test - If so tlesirrd by the purchaser, coupons shall be
cut from tcsl tower uieriil~crs anti tcWxl iri ii laboratory.
IS : 802 ( Part I I I ) - 1978
11. PROCEDURE FOR REPETI TI ON OF TESTS I NTHE EVENT
OF PREMATURE FAI LURE
11.1 In the event of premature failure of tower, the part that has failed
may be replaced by another with greater mechanical strength. The
modified structure shall be required to pass the test for the specified
ultimate load values ( 100 percent step ).
12. TEST REPORT
12.1 The report shall include the following:
a) The type of tested tower.
b) The name and address of the tower manufacturer.
c) The name and address of the client.
d) The dates and location of testing.
e) The names of persons present during the tests.
f) A list of various assembly and shop drawings relating to the tower
tested, including any modification of the drawings referred to.
g) A dimensioned line diagram of the tower showing the various load
points and directions of loading to be applied and table with the
specified loads.
h) Diagram showing the rigging arrangement used to apply the test
loads.
j) Brief description of the test facility including the number, location,
range and calibration charts or tables of every load transducer,
as well as the accuracy of the equipment used to measure the test
loads.
k) One table per test, showing the loads required at the various points
on the structure and for the various loading steps.
m) One table per test, showing the various deflection values which
may have been recorded.
n) In the case of failure:
1) a table showing the maximum loads applied to the structure,
just before the collapse;
2) a brief description of the failure; and
3) the dimensional and mechanical characteristics of the failed
elements.
p) A certain number of photographs, showing the whole of the
structure and, possibly, details of the failure.
12.2 Certified steel producer test reports and physical test reports for
members used in test towers shall be furnished as specified by the
purchaser.
12.3 Test reports of coupons ( see IO.3 ) shall also be furnished.
7
I S : 802 ( P a r t I I I ) - 1978
( Continutd front pap 2 )
Members , Rcprarrnf ing
SW S. K. BRATTA~IIA&EE SAE ( India ) Lt d, Calcut t a
SHR~ V. NARAYANAW( Altrmats )
CHIEF ENQINEEB Andhr a Pr adesh Elect r icit y Boar d, Hyder abad
SUPERINTENDIN@ENQXNEER ( Altcmats )
Sasr K. R. DEB Da moda r Valley Cor por at ion, Calcut t a
SHR~ SWARAJ GUPTA (Altcrn
SHRI J . C. GUPTA 74
SHRI J. C. GUPTA
i
as Const r uct ion Boar d, Chandigar h
U. P. St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Lucknow
SHRI V. B. SINQE ( Alfarnafc )
SHRI Oar KaosLa
SanI S. N. SINQH ( &t cr nat e )
San1 S. N. MISRA
SHRI S. R. JOSEI ( AItcmafc )
SIIRI bi I XVAI R SI XQH
Sl l RI N. D. PAHIKH
SHHI S. D. DANEI ( Alfcmafc )
Sqrtr R. N. PEXDSE
DIL lt . RANJ AX ( Alt e r n a t e )
Smu P. V. RAMAIAH
Saxr N. V. RAWN
BMC St eelal Lt d, Calcut t a
Mahar asht r a St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Bombay
Punjab St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Chandigar h
Kamani Engineer ing Cor por at ion Lt d, Bombay
Tat a Hydr a Elect r ic Power Supply Co Lt d, Bombay
Kar nat aka St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Bangalor e
Sr r u;cI;~engmecr mg Resear ch Ccnt r e ( CSIR ),
Snn~ R. NARAYANAN ( Alternate )
SHRI T. K. RAXANATHAN Tr iveni St r uct ur als Lt d, Naini, Alfahabad
SHRI K. V. S. MUIWIIY ( ( Altcrnotc)
REPRBSBNTATIVE Bhakr a Management Boar d, Chandigar h
SHIII NIRPINDER SIXion ( Alt er s& )
SHRI A. P. SIIAI<MA Madhya Pr adesh Elect r icit y Boar d, J abalpur
San1 N. SlNNA Bihar St at e Elect r icit y Boar d, Pat na
SKRI S. N. VQIIRA Inspect ion Wing, Dir ect or at e Gener al of Supplier
and Disposals, New Delhi
8
Headquarters;
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75
Telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Common to all Off ices )
Central Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah fafar Marg, 331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375
*Eastern : 1 /14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road. 36 24 99
Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C,
I
21843
CHANDIGARH 160036 3 1641
I
41 24 42
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 25 19
41 2916
tWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 96
BOMBAY 400093
Branch Offices:
*Pushpak. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur,
I
2 63 48
AHMADABAD 380001
2 63 49
SPeenya Industrial Area 1 st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road
BANGALORE 560058
I
Ifi 49 ii
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 667 16
BHOPAL 462003
Plot No. 82183. Lewis Road. BHUBANESHWAR 751002
5315. Ward No: 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane,
GUWAHATI 781003
5 36 27
3 31 77
5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ),
HYDERABAD 500001
23 1083
R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005
{
63471
6 98 32
{
21 68 76
21 82 92
Patliputra Industrial Estate. PATNA 800013 6 23 05
T.C. No. 14/1421. Universitv P.O.. Palayam 16 21 04
TRIVANDRUM 695035 1621 17
/nspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):
Pushpanjali. First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road,
2 51 71
Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010
Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35
PUNE 411005
*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhre Approach, P. 0. Princep 27 68 00
Street. Calcutta 700072
tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, 89 66 28
Bombay 400007
ISales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71
Bangalore 560002
Repr ogr aplly Unit , BIS, New Delhi, India

IS 802 P 1 To 3

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