INDEX

Lab Name : Computer Graphics & Multimedia Lab

Lab Code :

Name :
Reg No :
GRAPHICS LAB
SL #. LAB EXERCISES DATE SIGNATURE
1. DDA LINE DRAWING
ALGORITHM
2. BRESENHAMS LINE
DRAWING ALGORITHM
3. MID POINT CIRCLE
DRAWING ALGORITHM
4. LINE STYLES
5. FILL PATTERN STYLES
6. SHAPES
7. WHEEL ROTATION
8. LINE CLIPPING
9. 2D - TRANSFORMATION
10. BAR CHART
11. LINE CHART
Multimedia Lab
SL #. LAB EXERCISES DATE SIGNATURE
1. LOGO CREATION
2. DISPLACEMENT
EFFECT
3. ANIMATION EFFECT
4. MIRROR IMAGE
5. MORPHING
Staff Name :
Staff Signature :
Exp No :
Date :

DDA LINE DRAWING ALGORITHM

AIM:
To write a program to implement the DDA line drawing
algorithm.

ALGORITHM:

• Get the coordinates of end points of line

• Calculate dx and dy values
• Compare the absolute values
• Using setpixel function plot points in appropriate
pixels
FLOWCHART:DDA LINE DRAWING ALGORITHM

Start

Initialize Graphics Mode

Enter the values of end

points in xa,ya,xb,yb

dx=abs(xa-xb)
dy =abs(ya-yb)

If (abs (dx) >

abs(dy))

Step=dx Step=dy

xl = dx/ step
y1=dy/step
x = xa
y=ya

A
 A

putpixel(x,y,1)

For(k=1;k <=step;k++)

x=x+x1
x= x+0.5
y=y+y1
y= y+0.5

putpixel(x,y,1)

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
void drawline(int xl,int y1,int x2;int y2)
{
int dx,dy,steps,k;
float xinc,yinc,x,y;
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode,errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
dx=x2-x1 ;
dy=y2-y1;
if(abs(dx)>abs(dy))
steps=abs(dx);
else
steps=abs(dy);
xinc=dx/steps;
yinc=dy/steps,
x=x1;
y=y1;
putpixel(x,y,3);
for(k=1;k<steps;k++)
{
x+=xinc;
y+=yinc;
putpixel(x,y,3);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
void main()
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter The 1st Coordinate");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf('Enter The 2nd Coordinate");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
drawline(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
OUTPUT

RESULT:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was
verified.
Exp No :
Date :

BRESENHAMS LINE DRAWING ALGORITHM

AIM:
To implement BRESENHAM line drawing algorithm using C.

ALGORITHM:

• Input the end points of the line ,

• Load the end points into the frame buffer and plot the
first point
• Calculate dx and dy,2dy-2dx
• Calculate p0 = 2dy-dx
• Calculate pk value and plot the next point
FLOWCHART : BRESENHAMS

Start

Initailize Graphics Mode

Enter the values of

xa,ya,xb,yb

dx=abs(xa-xb)
dy =abs(ya-yb)
K=2*(dy-dx)

If (xa >xb)

X =xb X =xa
Y=yb Y=ya
Xe=xb Xe=xb

Putpixel(x,y,1)

A
 A

For (x<xe)

X=x+1

If(k>0)

Y=y+1
K=k+2*dy K+=2*(dy-dx)

Next

Stop
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
float xa,xb,ya,yb,dx,dy,k,xe,x,y;
/* REQUEST AUTO DETECTION */
int gdriver = DETECT,gmode,errorcode;
/* INITIALIZE GRAPHICS MODE */
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
printf("BRESENHAMS ALGORITHM \N enter the value\n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f",&xa,&ya,&xb,&yb);
dx=abs(xa-xb);
dy=abs(ya-yb);
k=2*(dy-dx);
if(xa>xb)
{
x=xb;
y=yb;
xe=xa;
}
else
{
x=xa;
y=ya;
xe=xb;
}
putpixel(x,y,1);
while(x<xe)
{
x=x+ 1;
if(k<0)
k=k+2*dy;
else
{
y=y+1;
k+=2*(dy-dx);
}
putpixel(x,y, 1);
} getch();
}
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement the Bresenham’s Line drawing
algorithm was executed successfully.
Exp No :
Date :

Mid Point Circle Drawing Algorithm

AIM: To implement mid point circle drawing algorithm using

C.

ALGORITM:

Step 1: Input the radius and center point.

Step 2: Calculate the initial value as po=5/4-r.
Step 3: Perform the text pk<O and calculate the next point
pk+l .
Step 4: Determine the symmetry points in the other seven
octants .
Step 5:Move the calculated pixel and plot the values.
FLOWCHART: CIRCLE

Start

Input radius,
center point

p=1-radius
x=0,y=radius plotpoints

plotpoints
Set the initial
point

For p<0

Set the symmetry

plotpoints points in other
seven octants

Calculate next points

Next

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void plotpoints(int xc,int yc,int x,int y)
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,5);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,5);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,5);
}
void drawcircle(int xc,int yc,int radius)
{
int p,x=0,y=radius;
plotpoints(xc,yc,x,y);
p=1-radius;
while(x<y)
{
if(p<0)
x++;
else
{
x++;
y--;
}
if(p<0)
p+=2*x+1 ;
else
p+=2*(x-y)+1;
plotpoints(xc,yc,x,y);
}
}
void main()
{
int x,y,r;
int gdriver = DETECT,gmode,errorcode;
/* INITIALIZE GRAPHICS MODE */
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
printf("Enter the Coordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
printf("Enter the radius :");
scanf("%d",&r);
drawcircle(x,y,r);
getch();
}
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement the mid point circle
drawing algorithm was executed successfully and output is
verified.
Exp No :
Date :

LINE STYLES

AIM:
To write a program implementing the various line styles
using C

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Input the line coordinates
Step 2: Set a line style
Step 3: Draw line using the line style
Step 4: Repeat steps 1,2 and 3 for all line styles
FLOWCHART: LINE STYLES

Start

For all line

styles

Input line
coordinates

Draw line with present line

styles

Next

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,maxy,x,style;
char str[40];
struct linesettingstype ls;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
maxy=getmaxy();
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(10,20,"normal width");
x=20;
for(style=0;style<4;style++)
{
setlinestyle(style,0,1);
getlinesettings(&ls);
setlinestyle(style,0,1);
line(x,50,x,maxy-50);
itoa(style,str,10);
outtextxy(x,maxy-20,str);
x=x+50;
setlinestyle(ls.linestyle,ls.upattern,ls.thickness);
}
outtextxy(375,20,"thick width");
x=375;
for(style=0;style<4;style++)
x=375;
for(style=0;style<4;style++)
{
setlinestyle(style,0,3);
line(x,50,x,maxy-50);
itoa(style,str,10);
outtextxy(x,maxy-20,str);
x=x+50;
setlinestyle(ls.linestyle,ls.upattern,ls.thickness);
}
getch();
closegraph();
restorecrtmode();
}
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement different line styles
is executed successfully.
Exp No :
Date :

Fill Pattern Styles

AIM:
To write a program implementing the various fill
patterns using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Input the bar coordinates

Step 2: Set a fill pattern style
Step 3: Draw the bar line style
Step 4: Fill the bar using the fill pattern
Step 5: Repeat steps 1, 2, 3 and 4 for all lines.
FLOWCHART: FILL PATTERN STYLES

Start

For all fill

patterns

Input bar
coordinates

Draw bar
Fill bar

Next

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,maxx,maxy,x=40,y=40,fst;
char str[40];
char *pattern[]={ "empty_fill","solid_fill","line_fill","ltslash_fill",
"ltbkslash_fill","hatch_fill","xhatch_fill",
"interleave_fill", "wide_dot_fill","close_dot_fill","user_fill"};
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
rectangle(0, 10,maxx,maxy);
setcolor(MAGENTA);
outtextxy(175,0,"pre defined fill styles");
for(fst=0; fst< 12;fst++)
{
setfillstyle(fst,YELLOW);
bar(x,y,x+80,y+80);
itoa(fst,str,10);
outtextxy(x,y+100,str);
outtextxy(x,y+110,pattern[fst]);
x+=150;
if(x>490)
{
y+=150;
x=40;
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
restorecrtmode();
}
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement the fill style
patterns is executed successfully.
Exp No :
Date :

SHAPES

AIM:
To write a program in C to show the following shapes:

1. Cardiod 2. Threeleaf 3. Spiral 4. Fourleaf

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Input the shape to be drawn

Step 2: Input the center points and size factors
Step 3: Set the values of pi,twopi,theta,dtheta
Step 4: Calculate theta,dtheta and other constants for the
given shape
Step 5: Draw the shape
Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5 till the shape is complete
FLOWCHART: SHAPES

Start

Input Shape
Input Shape
Details

Initialise
pi, twopi, theta, dtheta

For (shape is
continued

Calculate theta dtheta for

the given shape

Draw points

Next

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,maxy,x,style;
char str[40];
struct linesettingstype ls;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
maxy=getmaxy();
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(10,20,"normal width");
x=20;
for(style=0;style<4;style++)
{
setlinestyle(style,0,1);
getlinesettings(&ls);
setlinestyle(style,0,1);
line(x,50,x,maxy-50);
itoa(style,str,10);
outtextxy(x,maxy-20,str);
x=x+50;
setlinestyle(ls.linestyle,ls.upattern,ls.thickness);
}
outtextxy(375,20,"thick width");
x=375;
for(style=0;style<4;style++)
x=375;//shape generation, exp no - 8

#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
struct wcp
{
int x,y;
};
int fig;
void polyline(int x, wcp *y)
{
for(int i=0;i<x;i++)
line(y[i].x,y[i].y,y[i+1].x,y[i+1].y);
}

void drawcurlyfig(wcp center, float a, float b)

{
float twopi=6.28;
float theta=0;
float dtheta=1/a;
float r;
wcp pts[1000];
int cnt=0;
pts[0].y=center.y;
switch(fig)
{case 0:{pts[0].x=(center.x)+(a*2);break;}
case 1:
{
pts[0].x=center.x+a;
break;
}
case 2:
{
pts[0].x=center.x;
break;
}
case 3:
{
pts[0].x=center.x-a;
break;
}
}
while(theta<twopi)
{
switch(fig)
{
case 0:
{
r=a*(1+cos(theta));
break;
}
case 1:
{
r=a*cos(3 *theta);
break;
}
case 2:
{
r=a*theta;
break;
}case 3:
{
r=a*cos(2*theta);
break;
}
}
cnt++;
pts[cnt].x=(center.x)+(r*cos(theta));
pts[cnt].y=(center.y)+(r*sin(theta));
theta=theta+dtheta;
}
polyline(cnt,pts);
}
void main()
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
float a,b;
wcp xx;
clrscr();
printf("\n1:CARDIOD");
printf("\n2:THREELEAF");
printf("\n3:SPIRAL");
printf("\n4:FOURLEAF");
printf("\nENTER YOUR CHOICE :");
scanf("%d",&fig);
fig--;
printf("Enter center point x,y:");
scanf("%d%d",&xx.x,&xx.y);
printf("Enter size factors a,b:");
scanf("%f%f",&a,&b);
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode,"");
cleardevice();
switch(fig)
{
case 0:
{
printf("CARDIOD");
drawcurlyfig(xx,a,b);
getch();
break;
}
case 1:
{
printf("THREELEAF");
drawcurlyfig(xx,a,b);
getch();
break;
}
case 2:
{
printf(" SPIRAL");
drawcurlyfig(xx,a,b);
getch();
break;
}
case 3:
{
printf("FOURLEAF");
drawcurlyfig(xx,a,b);
getch();
}
}
closegraph();
}

for(style=0;style<4;style++)
{
setlinestyle(style,0,3);
line(x,50,x,maxy-50);
itoa(style,str,10);
outtextxy(x,maxy-20,str);
x=x+50;
setlinestyle(ls.linestyle,ls.upattern,ls.thickness);}
getch();
closegraph();
restorecrtmode();
}
OUTPUT:

1:CARDIOD
2:THREELEAF
3:SPIRAl
4:FOURLEAF

Enter your choice:2

Enter center point x,y 35 45
Enter size factors a,b 5 8

Enter your choice: 3

Enter center point x,y 55 65
Enter size factors a,b 4 6

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement the shapes is executed
successfully and output is verified.
Exp No :
Date :

WHEEL ROTATION

AIM:
To write a program to show the rotation of a wheel
using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Input the center coordinates of the wheel

Step 2: Input the number of spikes
Step 3: Draw wheel
FLOWCHART: WHEEL ROTATION

Start

Input Center
Input No of
Spikes

Draw Wheel

For(Key not
hit)

Calculate the next value of

spikes

Delay

Draw Wheel

Next

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
float k,k1;
int n,xc,yc,r,i,xa,ya;
void wcircle(int,int,int);
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
printf("Enter The Circle & Radius:");
scanf("%d %d %d",&xc,&yc,&r);
printf("\nEnter The No. Of Slices:");
scanf("%d",&n);
circle(xc,yc,r);
k=6.28/n;
k1=k;
while(!kbhit())
{
circle(xc,yc,r);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
xa=xc+(r*cos(k1));
ya=yc+(r*sin(k1));
line(xc,yc,xa,ya);
k1=k1+k;
}
delay(10);
cleardevice();
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT:

Enter circle radius and centre coordinates 50 200 200

Enter no of slices 8

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement wheel rotation is
executed successfully.
Exp No :
Date :

LINE CLIPPING

AIM:
To write a program to show the Clipping Window using C.

ALGORITHM:
Step l: Initialize the graphics
Step 2: Enter the coordinates for the Clipping Window
Step 3: Enter the first coordinates of the line to be
clipped
Step 4: Enter the second coordinates of the line to be
clipped
Step 5: Declare afunction box() to draw the clipping window
Step 6: Declare a functionaccept() to accept the points
inside the clipping window
Step 7: Declare a functionreject() to CLIP the points
outside the clipping window.
FLOWCHART: LINE CLIPPING

Start

Initialize the
Graphics

Enter the coordinates for

clipping window

Enter the second

coordinates for line

Enter the first

coordinates for line

Declare a function box() to draw the

clipping window

Declare function accept() to retain the

line inside the window

Declare function reject() to CLIP the line

outside the window

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void box();
void encode(int k1,int y1,int c[5]);
int accept(int a[4],int b[4]);
int reject(int a[4],int b[4]);
int ptinside(int a[5]);
void swap(int *a,int *b);
int wx1,wy1,wx2,wy2,a[6],b[6];
void main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode;
int a[5],b[5];
int x1,y1,x2,y2,i,j;
int done=0;
int draw=0;
float m;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode," ");
printf("\n\t\t LINE CLIPPING");
printf("\n\t\t----------- ");
printf("\n\t\t Enter window coordinates");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&wx1,&wy1,&wx2,&wy2);
printf("\n Coordinates for line");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\n Coordinates for line");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
cleardevice();
printf("\n\tBEFORE CLIPPING");
box();
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
cleardevice();
getch();
printf("\n\tAFTER CLIPPING");
box();
while(!(done))
{
encode(x1,y1,a);
encode(x2,y2,b);
if(accept(a,b))
{
done=1;
draw=1;
}
else if(reject(a,b))
done=1;
else if(ptinside(a))
{
swap(&x1,&x2);
swap(&y1,&y2);
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
swap(&a[i],&b[i]);
}
m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);
if(a[1])
{
y1=y1+(wx1-x1)*m;
x1=wx1;
}
else if(a[2])
{
y1= y1+(wx2-x1)*m;
x1 =wx2;
}
else if(a[3])
{
x1=x1+(wy1-y1)/m;
y1=wy1;
}
else if(a[4])
{
x1=x1+(wy2 -y1)/m;
y1=wy2;
}
}
box();
if(draw)
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
}
void box()
{
line( wx1,wy1,wx2,wy1);
line( wx2,wy1,wx2,wy2);
line( wx2,wy2,wx1,wy2);
line( wx1,wy2,wx1,wy1);
}
void encode(int x , int y, int c[5])
{
if(x<wx1)
c[1] = 1;
else
c[1] = 0;
if(x>wx2)
c[2] = 1;
else
c[2] = 0;
if(y<wy1)
c[3] = 1;
else
c[3] = 0;
if(y>wy2)
c[4] = 1;
else
c[4] = 0;
}
int accept (int a[4] , int b[4] )
{
int t =1;
int i;
for(i=1; i<=4; i++)
{
if(( a[i])||( b[i] ))
t=0;
}
return(t);
}
int reject(int a[4] int b[4] )
{
int t=0;
int i;
for( i=1;i<=4;i++)
{
if((a[i]) && (b[i]))
t=1;
}
return(t);
}
int ptinside( int a[5])
{
if((a[1])||(a[2])||(a[3])||(a[4]))
return(0);
else
return(1);
}
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
int *temp;
*temp =*a;
*a= *b;
*b =*temp;
}
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement the line clipping is
executed successfully
Exp No :
Date :

2D - Transformation

AIM:
To write a program to show the 2D - Transformation
using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize the graphics

Step2: Enter the Your Choice.
Step 3: If the choice is Shifting enter the circles
coordinate&c,yc,r
Step 4: If the choice is Scaling enter the scaling value.
Step 5: If the choice is rotating enter the angle.
Step 6: Declare a funetioncircleQ to accept the points
inside the circle.
Step 7: Calculate Shifting, Scaling and other constants for
the given shape .
Step 8: Draw the shape.
Step 9: Repeat steps 7 nd 8 till the shape is complete.
FLOWCHART: 2D TRANSFORMATION

Start

Enter your
choice
for Shifting
Scaling Rotating
Read K

rotation
shifting scaling

A B C

Closegraph

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int xc,yc,r,x,y,p,g,s,i,k;
float q;
void main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode,errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
printf("\nl.shifting\n2.scaling\n3.rotation");
printf("\nenter your choice : ");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:
{
printf("CIRCLE DRAWING ALGORITHM\n enter the value for xc yc r: ");
scant("%d%d%d",&xc,&yc,&r);
circle(xc,yc,r);
printf("\nenter the position to shift: ");
scanf("%d",&s);
for(i=0;i<s;i++)
{
xc++;
yc++;
cleardevice();
circle(xc,yc,r);
delay(60);
}
break;
}
case 2:
{
printf("CIRCLE DRAWING ALGORITHM\n enter the value for xc yc r: ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&xc,&yc,&r);
circle(xc,yc,r);
printf("\nenter the value for scaling: ");
scanf("%d",&g);
for(i=0;i<g;i++)
{
r++;
cleardeviceO;
circle(xc,yc,r);
delay(60);
}
break;
}
case 3:
{
cleardevice();
x=200;y=200;
moveto(200,200);
lineto(300,200);
printf("\n enter an angle: ");
scanf("%f",&q);
q=3.14*q/180;
x=200+100*cos(q);
y=200+100*sin(q);
cleardevice();
moveto(200,200);
lineto(x,y);
break;
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
OUTPUT:

Enter your choice : 1

Circle Drawing Algorithm
Enter the value for xc yc r : 100 100 35
Enter new position : 150 150

Enter your choice : 3

RESULT:
Thus the program to implement to show the 2-D
transformation is compiled and executed successfully.
Exp No :
Date :

BAR CHART

AIM:
To write a program to plot a bar chart for some given
data using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Input statistical data for each month

Step 2: Draw labels for each month
Step 3: Calculate the bar points for each month
Step 4: Calculate left, top, right and bottom points for
bar of the present month.
Step 5: Draw the bar
Step 6: Calculate coordinates for next month
Step 7: Repeat steps 4,5 and 6 for all months
FLOWCHART: BAR CHART
 Start

Input values for

each Month

Draw Labels

Calculate Bar points

For all months

Find left, top,

right, bottom
axis
of the bar

Draw the Bar

Next i

Stop

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int const monthcount=l2,dataoffset=l8;
struct indata
{
float realarray[12];
float array[ 12];
}
char getlabel[3];
indata data;
int monthplace[12];
float interval,chartbottom,radius;
struct wcp
{
float x;
float y;
} coord[monthcount];
wcp center;
int round(float a)
{
int b;
b=a;
if(a-b>0.5)
return ++b;
else
return b;
}
void mybar(int x, wcp *y)
{
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,8);
for(int i=0;i<x;i++)
bar(y[i].x,y[i].y,y[i].x+40,chartbottom-dataoffset);
}
void getlab(int x)
{
switch(x)
{
case 0:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"JAN");
break;
}
case 1:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"FEB");
break;
}
case 2:
{
strcpy(getlabel ,"MAR");
break;
}
case 3:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"APR");
break;
}
case 4:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"MAY");
break;
}
case 5:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"JUN");
break;
}
case 6:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"JUL");
break;
}
case 7:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"AUG");
break;
}
case 8:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"SEP");
break;
}
case 9:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"OCT");
break;
}
case 10:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"NOV");
break;
}
case 11:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"DEC");
break;
}
}
}
void getdata()
{
float t1=0.00,t2;
for(int t=0;t<12;t++)
getlab(t);
printf("ENTER THE DATA FOR THE MONTH OF %s ",getlabel);
scanf("%f ",&data.realarray[t]);
if(data.realarray[t]>t1 )
tl =data.realarray [t];
for(t=0;t<12;t++)
{
t2=data.realarray[t]/t1 ;
data.array[t]=t2*400;
}
}
void puttext(wcp textp)
{
settextstyle(1,HORIZ_DIR,1);
outtextxy(textp.x,textp.y,getlabel);
}
void drawlabels()
{
wcp textposition;
textposition.y=chartbottom;
int zz=25;
for(int az=0;az<12;az++)
{
textposition.x=zz;
zz+=50;
getlab(az);
puttext(textposition);
}
}
char valuep[5];
void findvaluep(int x)
{
int y=x,ttt;
char tg[5];
strcpy(tg,"");
do
{
ttt=y%10;
switch(ttt)
{
case 0:
{
strcat(tg,"0");
break;
}
case 1:
{
strcat(tg,"1");
break;
}
case 2:
{
strcat(tg,"2");
break;
}
case 3:
{
strcat(tg,"3");
break;
}
case 4:
{
strcat(tg,"4");
break;
}
case 5:
{
strcat(tg,"5 ");
break;
}
case 6:
{
strcat(tg,"6");
break;
}
case 7:
{
strcat(tg,"7");
break;
}
case 8:
{
strcat(tg,"8");
break;
}
case 9:
{
strcat(tg,"9");
break;
}
}
y/=10;
} while(y>0);
strcpy(valuep,"");
for(y=0;y<strlen(tg);y++)
valuep[y]=tg[strlen(tg)-y-1];
valuep[y]=NULL;
}
void barchart()
{
drawlabels();
settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,1);
for(int t=0;t<monthcount;t++)
{
coord[t].x=monthplace[t];
coord[t].y=450-data.array [t]-dataoffset;
findvaluep(data.realarray[t]);
outtextxy(coord[t].x,coord[t].y-l 0,valuep);
}
mybar(monthcount,coord);
}
void main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
getdata();
cleardevice();
chartbottom=450.0;
interval=50.0;
monthplace[0]=25;
for(int z=1;z<monthcount;z++)
monthplace[z]=monthplace[z-1 ]+interval;
linechart();
getch();
cleardevice();
barchart();
getch();
cleardevice();
center.x=300;
center.y=205;
radius=200;
piechart();
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT
RESULT:
Thus the program to implement to show the Bar Chart
is compiled and executed successfully.

Exp No :
Date :
 LINE CHART

AIM:
To write a program to plot a line chart for some given
data using C.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Input statistical data for each month

Step 2: Draw labels for each month
Step 3: Calculate the value points for each month
Step 4: Let p=pointl and q=point2
Step 5: Draw a line joining p and q

FLOWCHART: LINECHART
 Start

Input values for

each Month

Draw Labels

Set p & q

For all points

Draw a line
between p and q

Get next values

of p and q

Next i

Stop

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int const monthcount=12,dataoffset=18;
struct indata
{
float realarray[ 12];
float array[ 12];
}
char getlabel[3];
indata data;
int monthplace[ 12];
float interval,chartbottom,radius;
struct wcp
{
float x;
float y;
} coord[monthcount];
wcp center;
int round(float a)
{
int b;
b=a;
if(a-b>0.5)
return ++b;
else
return b;
}
void polyline(int x, wcp *y)
{
for(int i=0;i<x-l ;i++)
line(y[i].x,y[i].y,y[i+l ].x,y[i+l ].y);
}
void getlab(int x)
{
switch(x)
{
case 0:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"JAN");
break;
}
case 1:
{
strcpy(getlab ,"FEB");
break;
}
case 2:
{
strcpy(getlabel," MAR");
break;
}
case 3:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"APR");
break;
}
case 4:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"MAY");
break;
}
case 5:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"JUN");
break;
}
case 6:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"JUL");
break;
}
case 7:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"AUG" );
break;
}
case 8:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"SEP");
break;
}
case 9:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"OCT");
break;
}
case 10:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"NOV");
break;
}
case 11:
{
strcpy(getlabel,"DEC");
break;
}
}
}
void getdata()
{
float t1=0.00,t2;
for(int t=0;t<12;t++)
getlab(t);
printf("ENTER THE DATA FOR THE MONTH OF %s: ",getlabel);
scanf("%f",&data.realarray[t]);
if(data.realarray(t)>tl )
{
t1=data.realarray[t];
}
for(t=0;t<12;t++)
{
t2=data.realarray[t]/t 1;
data.array[t]=t2*400;
}
}
void puttext(wcp textp)
{
settextstyle(1,HORIZ_DIR,1);
outtextxy(textp.x,textp.y,getlabel);
}
void drawlabels()
{
wcp textposition;
textposition.y=chartbottom;
int zz=25;
for(int az=0;az<12;az++)
{
textposition.x=zz;
zz+=50;
getlab(az);
puttext(textposition);
}
}
char valuep[5];
void findvaluep(int x)
{
int y=x,ttt;
char tg[5];
strcpy(tg,"");
do
{
ttt=y%10;
switch(ttt)
{
case 0:
{
strcat(tg,"0");
break;
}
case 1:
{
strcat(tg,"1");
break;
}
case 2:
{
strcat(tg,"2");
break;
}
case 3:
{
strcat(tg,"3");
break;
}
case 4:
{
strcat(tg,"4");
break;
}
case 5:
{
strcat(tg,"5");
break;
}
case 6:
{
strcat(tg,"6");
break;
}
case 7:
{
strcat(tg,"7");
break;
}
case 8:
{
strcat(tg,"8");
break;
}
case 9:
{
strcat(tg,"9");
break;
}
y/=10;
} while(y>0);
strcpy(valuep,"");
for(y=0;y<strlen(tg);y++)
{
valuep[y]=tg[strlen(tg)-y-1];
}
valuep[y]=NULL;
}
}
void linechart()
{
drawlabels();
settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,1);
for(int t=0;t<monthcount;t++)
{
coord[t].x=monthplace[t];
coord[t].y=450-data.array[t]-dataoffset;
findvaluep(data.realarray[t]);
outtextxy(coord .x,coord[t].y-l0,valuep);
}
polyline(monthcount,coord);
}
void main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");
getdata();
cleardevice();
chartbottom=450.0;
interval=50.0;
monthplace[0]=25;
for(int z=1;z<monthcount;z++)
monthplace[z]=monthplace[z-1 ]+interval;
linechart();
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT
RESULT:
Thus the program to implement to show the Line Chart
is compiled and executed successful

Exp no –
Date -

Logo Creation

Aim: -
To create a logo using various tools of Adobe
Photoshop 7.0

Algorithm: -

Step 1: Create a new canvas to draw logo of size

appropriate for a logo.
Step 2: Select simple grid in gradient tool.
Step 3: Select an area in the middle of the logo using
rectangle marquee tool.
Step 4: Select the White-Blue-White grid in gradients and
use it in the selected part.
Step 5: Select text tool and write the contents on the
middle section of the logo.
Step 6: Use different fonts and sizes for attractive text.
Merge layers now.
Step 7: Use smudge tool to smudge the background of the
text and give it a design.
Step 8: Save it as LOGO.JPG.
Step 9: Exit
Output

Result: -
The logo has been created successfully.
Exp –
Date –

Displacement Effect

Aim: -
To create a flag using displacement effect.

Algorithm: -
Step 1: Select a grid in gradient tool with 3 colour slides.
Step 2: Set the desired colours.
Step 3: Use gradient to create a gradient of three layers.
Step 4: Create a new document.
Step 5: Create another gradient with many alternate slides
of two colours.
Step 6: Use it to create a pattern in new file.
Step 7: Select the new file’s contents and drag it to the
first one.
Step 8: Set overlay in the layer properties.
Step 9: Merge the layers.
Step 10: Save and Exit.
Output

Result: -
The flag has been created successfully using
displacement effect.
Exp –
Date –

Animation Effect

Aim: -
To create animation effect in simple JPG file using
tween and liquefy effect.

Algorithm: -

Step 1: Create another layer of an image by copying.

Step 2: Select copy layer and use smudge tool to slightly
change the image.
Step 3: Use liquefy tool to slightly move image parts.
Step 4: Use Image Ready to put tween effect in the photo.
Give proper time dilation; select the correct layer to
be displayed.
Step 5: Save the image as .PSD or .GIF.
Step 6: Use Open it in Internet Explorer and save the web
page.
OUTPUT

Original: Animated:

Result: -
The program is written and executed successfully.
Expt no:
Date :
MIRROR IMAGE

Aim
To use Adobe Photoshop CS 9 to make a
mirror image of a given picture.

Steps

1. Open the picture you want to modify

2. Change the Canvas Size ( Image 
Canvas Size ) and make the height as
200%

3. Move the Image to the top right

position and create a duplicate layer
of the same image ( Right click the
layer and select “Duplicate” or press
Ctrl + J )
4. Move the duplicated layer to the
bottom.
5. Invert the image : Edit  Transform
 Flip Vertical
6. Apply some “Ocean Ripple” effect from
Filters Menu to give some water
ripple effect on the inverted image.
( Filter  Distort  Ocean Ripple)
EXPT NO. :
Morph a Person’s Face
DATE :

Aim To use Adobe Photoshop CS 9 to morph a person

face.

Steps
1. Open the image you want to modify
2. Use the Liquify ( Filter  Liquify or press
Shift + Ctrl + X )
3. Use various tools on the Liquify window to
alter the person’s face. The various available
tools are
Warp Tool
Wave Tool
Swirl Tool
Shrink Tool
Expand Tool
Move Left Tool
Mirror Tool
Undo Tool
Initial Picture :

Final Picture :

Result: Thus, using Photoshop CS9 the face was morphed.