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TQM - Capability Analysis - Histogram

Normality and Customer


Process specifications
• We have studied that the data should be
Capability normally distributed.
• Lets place supplier specification limits on
Analysis normally distributed histogram.
• Next chart shows Histogram of soft drink
(Histogram) filled in 250 ml bottles. It is a normally
distribution.

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Summary for Soft drink filled (ml)


A nderson-Darling Normality Test
A -Squared 9.66
P-V alue <

Mean
0.005

250.00
Control Limits
StDev 2.44
V ariance 5.97
Skewness -0.00000
Kurtosis -1.07147
N 690 • Suppose the supplier requirements were 250
Minimum 246.00
1st Q uartile
Median
248.00
250.00
+ & - 2 ml
3rd Q uartile 252.00
246 248 250 252 254 Maximum 254.00
95% C onfidence Interv al for Mean
• Putting limits on histogram shows liquid in
249.82 250.18
95% C onfidence Interv al for Median
some bottles is out of specification limits.
250.00 250.00

95% Confidence Intervals


95% C onfidence Interv al for StDev
2.32 2.58
• We calculate weather a process is capable
Mean
of meeting customer specifications or not?
Median

249.8 249.9 250.0 250.1 250.2

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TQM - Capability Analysis - Histogram

Summary for Soft drink filled (ml)


A nderson-Darling Normality Test PROCESS CAPABILITY
A -Squared 9.66
P-V alue < 0.005

Mean 250.00
StDev 2.44 USL - LSL =
V ariance 5.97 Cp =
Skewness -0.00000
Kurtosis -1.07147 6 Standard
N 690
Minimum 246.00
= Deviation
1st Q uartile 248.00
Median 250.00
= 52 - 48
3rd Q uartile 252.00
246 248 250 252 254 Maximum 254.00 6 X 2.44 = 2.44
95% C onfidence Interv al for Mean
249.82 250.18
95% C onfidence Interv al for Median 4.00
250.00 250.00

95% Confidence Intervals


95% C onfidence Interv al for StDev 14.64
2.32 2.58
Mean

Median 0.27
249.8 249.9 250.0 250.1 250.2

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Process Capability Index


Measure capability
USL - X X - LSL
Cpk = OR =
3 3
• If Cp or Cpk < 1, process not capable.
252 - 250 250-248
= = • If Cp or Cpk = 1, process tightly capable.
3 X 3.11 3 X 8.23
• If Cp or Cpk > 1.33 process is capable.
2 2
= =
9.33 9.33

0.21 0.21
Best if Cp or Cpk = 2
= =

Smaller of the two values


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Irfan Rashid Farooqui 2


TQM - Capability Analysis - Histogram

Sigma value and defects count

Centered Off centered


3 Sigma Sigma
ppm ppm

and 1 317,310.000 697,700.000


2 45,500.000 308,777.000
6 Sigma 3 2,700.000 66,811.000
4 63.000 6,210.000
5 0.570 233.000
6 0.002 3.400
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But
If your process is capable to 3
sigma, result will be 2,700,000 If your process is capable to 6
errors per one billion of sigma, result will be only 2
opportunities errors per one billion of
opportunities

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Irfan Rashid Farooqui 3

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