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Critical Reasoning Basics- 1

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Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Kum ar Abhishe k - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 12:17 AM

Todays article comes from another founding father of TathaGat, Mr. Kumar Abhishek, popularly known as Kumar and hands down the best verbal instructor in Delhi. Though he is great fun in his classes, he is a terror if you cross his rules, i.e. forget to submit your weekly book reviews, come without flashcards or The Hindu newspaper in the class, or arrive late for your class. But if you follow all that, you would forget about the time during his classes. He regales the students with his command in both Hindi and English. To quote a student kumar sir is tough only in the first few classes......then it's a smooth ride......and keeps the mood of the class light and interactive with his wisecracks and sudden outbursts of unadulterated hindi....like "mera abir balak kahan hai".........and "yatharth ka dharatal"........"prabal sambhavana" and many more For those who would like to know, his favourite words are Bhasad and Hawabaz which he can be seen quoting once in every 5 sentences. Even his fan club on TG Town is known as Bhasad. Not to mention that he is extremely famous among his students. Once we were so full of reading his praises on the internet that we started pulling his leg Aap hi to kahin jakar nahin likhte rahte hain internet par apne bare mein? :P Lol, but he is too modest and too immersed in his books and movies to waste time on trifles. This article is the first in the series that I have emotionally blackmailed him to write. Do post your questions and queries over here and I shall pressure him to respond (pressure not pressurize as he keeps on telling me) - Total Gadha

Critical Reasoning CR has always remained a predominant area of all the aptitude tests across the globe. There are seven main question stems under this domain. You might be asked to Find the Assumption Infer Conclude Strengthen the Argument Weaken the Argument Summarise Complete the Paragraph

Starting with this article, we shall try and take these stems piecemeal, beginning with assumptions. But, before we begin handling the question stems, it is important to turn a few pages backwards, and understand some basic terms in logic. The entire realm of logic thrives on the word Argument. An argument is NOT a verbal scuffle between persons. The normal, day-to-day connotation that we have come to attach with the term grossly misleads us into thinking that if two persons are fighting, with a heated exchange of words, they are arguing. This is sheer sacrilege!! For example: X: Y: X: Y: Avatar is a good film. No, it is not! Yes, it is! No, it is not!

is NOT an argument. It is a small exemplary piece of communication between fools. (Ah!! And one sees so MANY of such arguments everywhere!!) Now, compare the following with the previous: X: Avatar is a good film. Y: No, it is not! X: Yes, it is! It grossed the maximum revenue ever in the history of all films. Y: No, it is not! Revenue cannot be the single criterion to decide a films goodness. (Yes, there IS such a word, in case

Y: No, it is not! Revenue cannot be the single criterion to decide a films goodness. (Yes, there IS such a word, in case you are wondering.) Now, THIS is classic argumentation. You see, the difference between the two exchanges is that, while the previous exchange merely lobs opinions (read conclusions, in logic), the latter supports the conclusions with reasons (read premises). Hence, for an argument to exist, we require a conclusion which is based upon at least one premise. Mere exchange of continual opinions CANNOT be termed argumentation. Therefore, Argument= Premise/s + Conclusion. Having understood the structure of an argument, let us examine some more examples. Argument 1. Ravi is a good boy because he helps others. Argument 2. India is the best country for it is the largest democracy of the world. Argument 3. TG is the best educational website available because its sole focus is the welfare of students. Understand that the non-italicised parts are conclusions, and the italicised ones are the premises. (Exercise - Can you think of ways to undermine/strengthen the aforementioned arguments?) These are examples of one-lined arguments. While solving questions, you will come across longer arguments. It is easy to figure out how to separate the conclusion from the premises. When you read the statements of the argument, try to ask why do you say so, to the statements. For example, in A1, if we ask why do you say so to the statement Ravi is a good boy, the latter part answers satisfactorily. Hence the statement that answers the why is the reason or premise. Whereas, the statement to which we posed the question, becomes the conclusion. If, on the other hand, you ask the why do you say so to he helps others, the former part cannot answer. You can do this as an exercise with longer questions. And, it is important to get this first step correct if you want to solve questions at a fast pace. I am attaching some long questions here. Try to figure out which statements are the premises, and which the conclusion. I shall help you with the first two. Ex. 1 Mr. Janeck: I dont believe Stevenson will win the election for governor. Few voters are willing to elect a businessman with no political experience to such a responsible public office. Ms. Siuzdak: Youre wrong. The experience of running a major corporation is a valuable preparation for the task of running a state government. In this conversation, Mr Janecks conclusion is that Stevenson will not win the election. When asked why do you say so, the latter part of her conversation provides the basis for the former opinion. Similarly, in Ms. Siuzdaks argument, the conclusion is that Mr. Janecks opinion is wrong. Her premise is stated immediately afterwards. Ex. 2 At one time, European and Japanese companies tried to imitate their American rivals. Today, American appliance manufacturers import European scientists to lead their research staffs; American automakers design cars that mimic the styling of German, Italian, and French imports; and American electronics firms boast in their advertising of Japanese-style devotion to quality and reliability. In the world of high technology, America has lost the battle for international prestige. Here, the conclusion is - In the world of high technology, America has lost the battle for international prestige. The premises stated are examples from the appliance, electronics and the automakers sectors. Your turn now!! 1. Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the drivers carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all. 2. The earths resources are being depleted much too fast. To correct this, the United States must keep its resource consumption at present levels for many years to come. 3. At an enormous research cost, a leading chemical company has developed a manufacturing process for converting

At an enormous research cost, a leading chemical company has developed a manufacturing process for converting wood fibers into a plastic. According to the company, this new plastic can be used for, among other things, the hulls of small sailboats. But what does the company think sailboat hulls used to be made of? Surely the mania for high technology can scarcely go further than this. 4. In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities. 5. Reva: Using extraneous incentives to get teenagers to change their attitude toward school and schoolwork wont work. Take the program in West Virginia, for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who left school. The program failed miserably. Anne: Its true that the West Virginia program failed, but many schools have devised incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems. (Provide premises and conclusions from both Revas and Annes statements.) 6. The burden of maintaining the U.S. highway system falls disproportionately on the trucking industry. Trucks represent only about 10 percent of the vehicles on U.S. roads. Yet road use taxes assessed on trucks amount to almost half the taxes paid for highway upkeep and repair.

Although I started with the idea of tackling assumption based questions, I shall get back to them in upcoming articles. Books To Refer: Critical Reasoning GMAT Preparation Guide

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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Dagny Taggart - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 08:32 AM Hi Kum ar Sir, Good to have you he re . W e lcom e to the Donk e y Land. Dagny
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by anik e t garg - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 10:15 AM Hi k um ar sir I always love d atte nding your classe s at TG. The y we re sim ply the be st . And now that you'll be posting online , it'll be gre at .
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by vijayshre e m e non - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 10:50 AM Hi Kum ar Sir, R e ally a ve ry good article . Answe rs :

Answe rs : 1. C onclusion:

It is ironic that the innocent passenger suffers for the drivers carelessness

Premise : As per the study , it is the passengers , who face the fatalities and not the driver.
2. C onclusion :

the United States must keep its resource consumption at present levels for many years to come.

Premise : The earths resources are being depleted much too fast
3. Comclusion: the mania for high technology at an enormous research cost, manufacturing process for converting wood fibers into a plastic, that can also make smal boat hulls
Pre m ise :

4. ( easy one ) Conclusion : Increase in the the number of bird species in London. Premise : Strict air-pollution regulations on local industry 5 Reva's Conclusion: Extraneous incentives to teenagers wont change thier attitude towards school and school work Reva's Premise : E.g of The program involving revoking of the driving licenses of kids who left school in west virgina to reduce the school dropouts
Anne 's C onclusion : Ince ntive program s are e ffe ctive in changing the attitude of te e ns towards school work

incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems
Anne 's Pre m ise :

6 . Conclusion : The burden of maintaining the U.S. highway system falls disproportionately on the trucking industry Premise : Though Trucks represent only about 10 percent of the vehicles on U.S. roads.they end up paying more Taxes
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by arun gaurav - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 02:32 PM he llo sir... you are out standing sir... although i atte nde d your one class.. but, i am big fan of you now....
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by k um ar swam bhu - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 04:57 PM this article is lik e wate r for the thirsty one s . hoping for the rain
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Nidhi Garg - Sunday, 4 April 2010, 11:08 PM THANKS...
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Him anshu Jaggi - Monday, 5 April 2010, 10:01 AM Hi Kum ar Sir, Good to se e you he re ..! Nice article .. Thank s Him anshu

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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Disha Ahuja - Monday, 5 April 2010, 10:39 AM

Hi Sir, I wanted to ask/ confirm that many a times in an argument the conclusion is not explicitly mentioned however the premise helps us identify it. For instance,

For instance, Anne in example 5 doesnt explicitly say that she supports the incentive program, but she means it.

Am I correct?? ;)
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Anubhav Das - Monday, 5 April 2010, 11:54 AM Truly an "ENLIGHTENING" se ssion....thank s Kum ar sir..
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Kum ar Abhishe k - Monday, 5 April 2010, 12:32 PM @ Vijayshre e : Bull's e ye !!! Absolute ly C orre ct!! @ Disha: Ye s Disha, you are right! And by the way, the corre ct e x pre ssion is "m any a tim e ". W ith 'm any a' de te rm ine r, the noun and the ve rb to follow tak e a singular form . e .g. Many a m an has atte m pte d to tam e nature . Many an apple has turne d bad this winte r. e t al.. @ Arun: 'O utstanding' is one word Arun.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by vive k singh - Tue sday, 6 April 2010, 12:52 AM This is re ally a ve ry good m ate rial for pe ople who are pre paring for C AT............... Thank s for the article , and I am hoping som e m ore article s on this topic ..........
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by aditya singh - Tue sday, 6 April 2010, 04:19 PM Be autiful article !!! Sim ply brilliant! Thank you ve ry m uch sir! Som e how pre p m ate rials and book s se e m to com plicate things m ore than what is ne e de d . The sim plicity with which e ve rything was e x plaine d he re is am azing!

Thank you once again sir.

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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by vine e t Pardasane y - Tue sday, 6 April 2010, 08:20 PM Its for the First tim e i re alise d what an argum e nt is actually all about....Now, i wonde r what m y boss use d to do with m e was a ve rbal scuffle and not an argum e nt for sure !!! lol
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by vijayshre e m e non - Tue sday, 6 April 2010, 09:08 PM @ vine e t : I wonde r If the re any scuffle at all .... Many a tim e ,the re is no dailogue , its just the m onologue de live re d by the boss ;)
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Manik a Tandon - Tue sday, 6 April 2010, 11:58 PM He he he he he ... we lcom e aboard Kum ar... The de scription couldn't have be e n be tte r TG... 'Bhasad' & 'hawabaaz'... :D

The de scription couldn't have be e n be tte r TG...

'Bhasad' & 'hawabaaz'... :D

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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Malk e sh Ade sra - W e dne sday, 7 April 2010, 02:29 AM A he lpful article . @Kum ar Sir: "... it is a sm all e x e m plary pie ce of com m unication be twe e n fools." Isn't the conclusion about fool pre judice d ? The state m e nt, "...is NO T an argum e nt" is true and thats all the conclusion we can have from this, nothing about the fools. I have he ard 'e x act' sam e state m e nts be twe e n two of m y frie nds...8 or 9 ye ars old. None of the m are fool by any standard. Thank s for the tips.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by vinay m udgil - W e dne sday, 7 April 2010, 06:21 PM I found this as a ve ry sim ple & e ffe ctive article . Be low are m y answe rs..... 1. Studie s of fatal autom obile accide nts re ve al that, in the m ajority of case s in which one occupant of an autom obile is k ille d while anothe r survive s, it is the passe nge r, not the drive r, who is k ille d. It is ironic that the innoce nt passe nge r should suffe r for the drive rs care le ssne ss, while the drive r ofte n suffe rs only m inor injurie s or none at all. Pre m ise -- Studie s of fatal autom obile accide nts re ve al that, in the m ajority of case s in which one occupant of an autom obile is k ille d while anothe r survive s, it is the passe nge r, not the drive r, who is k ille d. C onclision -- It is ironic that the innoce nt passe nge r should suffe r for the drive rs care le ssne ss, while the drive r ofte n suffe rs only m inor injurie s or none at all. 2. The e arths re source s are be ing de ple te d m uch too fast. To corre ct this, the Unite d State s m ust k e e p its re source consum ption at pre se nt le ve ls for m any ye ars to com e . C onclision --To corre ct this, the Unite d State s m ust k e e p its re source consum ption at pre se nt le ve ls for m any ye ars to com e . Pre m ise --The e arths re source s are be ing de ple te d m uch too fast. 3. At an e norm ous re se arch cost, a le ading che m ical com pany has de ve lope d a m anufacturing proce ss for conve rting wood fibe rs into a plastic. According to the com pany, this ne w plastic can be use d for, am ong othe r things, the hulls of sm all sailboats. But what doe s the com pany think sailboat hulls use d to be m ade of? Sure ly the m ania for high te chnology can scarce ly go furthe r than this. Pre m ise --According to the com pany, this ne w plastic can be use d for, am ong othe r things, the hulls of sm all sailboats. But what doe s the com pany think sailboat hulls use d to be m ade of? Sure ly the m ania for high te chnology can scarce ly go furthe r than this. C onclision --At an e norm ous re se arch cost, a le ading che m ical com pany has de ve lope d a m anufacturing proce ss for conve rting wood fibe rs into a plastic. 4. In the ye ars since the city of London im pose d strict air-pollution re gulations on local industry, the num be r of bird spe cie s se e n in and around London has incre ase d dram atically. Sim ilar air-pollution rule s should be im pose d in othe r m ajor citie s. Pre m ise --the num be r of bird spe cie s se e n in and around London has incre ase d dram atically C onclision --London im pose d strict air-pollution re gulations on local industry

5. R e va: Using e x trane ous ince ntive s to ge t te e nage rs to change the ir attitude toward school and schoolwork wont work . Tak e the program in W e st Virginia, for instance , whe re the y trie d to re duce the ir dropout rate by re vok ing the driving lice nse s of k ids who le ft school. The program faile d m ise rably. Pre m ise --whe re the y trie d to re duce the ir dropout rate by re vok ing the driving lice nse s of k ids who le ft school C onclision -- The program faile d m ise rably AND Using e x trane ous ince ntive s to ge t te e nage rs to change the ir attitude toward school and schoolwork wont work . Anne : Its true that the W e st Virginia program faile d, but m any schools have de vise d ince ntive program s that have be e n ve ry succe ssful in im proving atte ndance and re ducing discipline proble m s. Pre m ise --W e st Virginia program faile d C onclision --m any schools have de vise d ince ntive program s that have be e n ve ry succe ssful in im proving atte ndance and re ducing discipline proble m s. 6. The burde n of m aintaining the U.S. highway syste m falls disproportionate ly on the truck ing industry. Truck s re pre se nt only about 10 pe rce nt of the ve hicle s on U.S. roads. Ye t road use tax e s asse sse d on truck s am ount to alm ost half the tax e s paid for highway upk e e p and re pair.

the ve hicle s on U.S. roads. Ye t road use tax e s asse sse d on truck s am ount to alm ost half the tax e s paid for highway upk e e p and re pair. Pre m ise --Truck s re pre se nt only about 10 pe rce nt of the ve hicle s on U.S. roads. Ye t road use tax e s asse sse d on truck s am ount to alm ost half the tax e s paid for highway upk e e p and re pair. C onclision --The burde n of m aintaining the U.S. highway syste m falls disproportionate ly on the truck ing industry. Are m y answe rs corre ct ? Thank s !!!
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by S Singla - Thursday, 8 April 2010, 01:29 AM Hi Sir, So finally he re , congrats !!! I was hoping that your first article would be about R ashm irathi. But, it se e m s logic is your favorite ge nre . R e ally m iss the classe s
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Kum ar Abhishe k - Thursday, 8 April 2010, 03:15 AM @Sanchay: O ye k ab re sult aa raha hai te ra?
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Kum ar Abhishe k - Thursday, 8 April 2010, 03:17 AM @Vinay: Hi Vinay, Plz che ck Vijayshre e 's answe rs...the y are bang on targe t.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by vinay m udgil - Thursday, 8 April 2010, 09:00 AM Thank you Abhishie k .
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by ve nk at iye r - Friday, 9 April 2010, 12:34 AM

4. In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities. Here shouldn't the conclusion be: Air pollution laws should be imposed in major cities similar to that in London. Premise:In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically I seriously think this shud be the answer instead of the one posted by Ms menon.

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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Prashanti U. - Friday, 9 April 2010, 01:53 PM I think the answe r for que stion 4 should be the one provide d by Mr.Iye r.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Kum ar Abhishe k - Friday, 9 April 2010, 05:01 PM @Ve nk at: You are right Ve nk at. My m istak e . Had gone through the answe rs rathe r hurrie dly. Apologie s.

@Ve nk at: You are right Ve nk at. My m istak e . Had gone through the answe rs rathe r hurrie dly. Apologie s. @Vijayshre e : Kindly m odify this answe r. The corre ct conclusion in this argum e nt is the one provide by Ve nk at. Apologie s.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by S Singla - Saturday, 10 April 2010, 03:16 AM Sir, aap industry m e ho, I re ally dont have any ide a.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Prashant Sahni - Thursday, 15 April 2010, 09:46 PM De ar Sir, once in the te x t you have use d the following se nte nce :"Try to figure out which state m e nts are the pre m ise s, and which the conclusion" Is it corre ct? Shouldn't you say "...and which AR E the conclusion". Doe sn't it se e m a little awk ward? O r at le ast the re should be com m a be twe e n 'which' and 'the '. Awaiting your re ply, A yatharth's dharatal pe standing hawabaz... Prashant Sahni...Vale ntine 's Day Batch.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Kum ar Abhishe k - Friday, 16 April 2010, 02:20 PM Hi Prashant Your que ry is quite justifie d, since the re se e m s to be an agre e m e nt proble m he re . If it we re a stand-alone se nte nce , I would be as conce rne d. But, in the flow of the passage it is com ple te ly standard and form al usage . So, e ve n though the ve rb for 'conclusion' (if use d se parate ly) should be 'is', in THIS se nte nce , the re is no ne e d to m odify it. Standard Dick e nsian usage !
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Aspire nd Achie ve - Tue sday, 20 April 2010, 10:06 AM Hi Sir, This is re ally a supe rb article ...you e x plaine d the thing in a ve ry e asy way.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Alan Kum ar - W e dne sday, 21 April 2010, 07:20 PM Hi Kum ar Sir, Its re ally a nice article , in fact i love TG site 's e ve rything. According to m y k nowle dge , i am posting what i fe lt is right. Ple ase corre ct m e if am wrong anywhe re . I re ally ne e d to Ve rbal for GMAT.

1. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the drivers carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all.-- Conclusion Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed.-- premise 2. the United States must keep its resource consumption at present levels for many years to come.--Conclusion The earths resources are being depleted much too fast. To correct this--Premise 3. At an enormous research cost, a leading chemical company has developed a manufacturing process for converting wood fibers into a plastic. According to the company, this new plastic can be used for, among other things, the hulls of small sailboats. But what does the company think sailboat hulls used to be made of? - Premise Surely the mania for high technology can scarcely go further than this - Conclusion 4. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities - Conclusion In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically - Premise 5. Reva: Using extraneous incentives to get teenagers to change their attitude toward school and schoolwork wont work. -Conclusion Take the program in West Virginia , for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who

Take the program in West Virginia , for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who left school. The program failed miserably.- Premise Anne: Its true that the West Virginia program failed, but many schools have devised incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems - Conclusion No premise in Anne's case. 6. The burden of maintaining the U.S. highway system falls disproportionately on the trucking industry. - Conclusion Trucks represent only about 10 percent of the vehicles on U.S. roads. Yet road use taxes assessed on trucks amount to almost half the taxes paid for highway upkeep and repair - Premise Thanks, Alankar
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by gaurav m idha - Thursday, 6 May 2010, 01:15 AM Hi Kum ar Abhishe k , First of all Thanx for the awe som e article .I have gaine d a lot from this article . I would just lik e to say Hats off to you.........and hope that you will ne ve r stop sharing your k nowle dge .
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by zoik s guy - Monday, 10 May 2010, 11:31 PM Hi Sir, Its a re ally nice article , I m ust say. Howe ve r, I am curious about two things: 1. TG has use d the word 'pre ssure ' and not 'pre ssurize '. I could not unde rstand why. 2. You wrote " TG is the best educational website available because you think the bold part should be 'its sole focus is O N the we lfare '? Ple ase corre ct whe re I am m istak e n he re . TIA Jaggy
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its sole focus is the welfare of students."

He re , do

Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Total Gadha - Tue sday, 11 May 2010, 04:26 AM

Hi Zoiks, The word 'pressure' when used as a verb means: to force (someone) toward a particular end; influence: They pressured him into accepting the contract. Total Gadha
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by swati sax e na - W e dne sday, 12 May 2010, 12:43 AM Hi Sir, I cam e across one of the line s use d in the post "TG is the be st e ducational we bsite available because its sole focus is the welfare of students." Should'nt it be sole focus is on the we lfare of the stude nts? Is the corre ct usage focus is or focus is on or are both corre ct. Thank s.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by k asturi gvl - W e dne sday, 20 O ctobe r 2010, 09:57 PM He llo Sir, I have a doubt in a re asoning que stion from C AT 92:

W e have planne d de ve lopm e nt with a vie w to raising standard of living of our te e m ing m illions. He nce our e conom ic de ve lopm e nt is inspire d by social justice . Q W hich of the following will we ak e n the argum e nt? (a) W ithout e conom ic de ve lopm e nt standard of living cannot be raise d. (b) Social justice im plie s e conom ic prospe rity. (c) De ve lopm e nt cannot be planne d. (d) None of the se . The answe r is give n to be (c) although it is ne gating the pre m ise which is the first se nte nce ("planne d de ve lopm e nt"). Kindly clarify.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Sure ndran C handravathanan - W e dne sday, 3 Nove m be r 2010, 02:28 AM Hi Kasturi, He re , the conclusion is "De ve lopm e nt is inspire d by social justice ". The re ason (pre m ise ) be ing "De ve lopm e nt is planne d". Now, as pe r the que stion, the option C cle arly we ak e ns the conclusion. I m e an it's the opposite of the e x isting pre m ise . Hope you have unde rstood now. Pe rhaps, you would have ove rlook e d the que stion. R e gards, Sure n
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Nik hil Sinha - Monday, 15 Nove m be r 2010, 11:42 AM Hi Kum ar/TG Sir/ Dagny Maam , My cat is on 22nd, so would re que st if som e one could k indly look into the be low que stions of C R ,I have answe re d all of the m , but am confuse d in som e of the m .... Ple ase corre ct m e whe re ve r I am wrong. 1.Studie s of fatal autom obile accide nts re ve al that, in the m ajority of case s in which one occupant of an autom obile is k ille d while anothe r survive s, it is the passe nge r, not the drive r, who is k ille d. It is ironic that the innoce nt passe nge r should suffe r for the drive rs care le ssne ss, while the drive r ofte n suffe rs only m inor injurie s or none at all. "It is ironic..." forms the conclusion, whereas the "Studies fatal automobile accidents..." forms the premise to support it. 2. The e arths re source s are be ing de ple te d m uch too fast. To corre ct this, the Unite d State s m ust k e e p its re source consum ption at pre se nt le ve ls for m any ye ars to com e . "The earth's resources.."- Premise "To correct this..." - Conclusion. 3. At an e norm ous re se arch cost, a le ading che m ical com pany has de ve lope d a m anufacturing proce ss for conve rting wood fibe rs into a plastic. According to the com pany, this ne w plastic can be use d for, am ong othe r things, the hulls of sm all sailboats. But what doe s the com pany think sailboat hulls use d to be m ade of? Sure ly the m ania for high te chnology can scarce ly go furthe r than this. "A t an enormous research cost.... But what does the company think sailboat hulls used to be made of? " - Seems to me the premise (posing a question to the company's claim to conclude later on as the madness for technology ...not sure though!) "Surely, the mania..." -forms the conclusion that "it" could not get worse... 4. In the ye ars since the city of London im pose d strict air-pollution re gulations on local industry, the num be r of bird spe cie s se e n in and around London has incre ase d dram atically. Sim ilar air-pollution rule s should be im pose d in othe r m ajor citie s. " In the years...."- forms the premise. "Similar air-pollution rules.." conclusion, supported by example of the city of London. ? 5. R e va: Using e x trane ous ince ntive s to ge t te e nage rs to change the ir attitude toward school and schoolwork wont work . Tak e the program in W e st Virginia, for instance , whe re the y trie d to re duce the ir dropout rate by re vok ing the driving lice nse s of k ids who le ft school. The program faile d m ise rably. Anne : Its true that the W e st Virginia program faile d, but m any schools have de vise d ince ntive program s that have be e n ve ry succe ssful in im proving atte ndance and re ducing discipline proble m s. (Provide pre m ise s and conclusions from both R e vas and Anne s state m e nts.) "Using extraneous.. won't work" - Conclusion 1 "Take the program....failed miserably" - premise 1. "It is true that the west Virginia... many schools have devised incentive programs" - forms the Conclusion 2 "..that have been very successful.."- premise 2.? 6. The burde n of m aintaining the U.S. highway syste m falls disproportionate ly on the truck ing industry. Truck s re pre se nt only about 10 pe rce nt of the ve hicle s on U.S. roads. Ye t road use tax e s asse sse d on truck s am ount to alm ost half the tax e s paid for highway upk e e p and re pair. "The burden of maintaining ..." -conclusion "Road use taxes assessed on trucks amount to ..." premise. Question: Can the "Truck represent only about 10% of the vehicles on US roads" be considered a part of the premise?
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Nik hil Sinha - Monday, 15 Nove m be r 2010, 11:44 AM And sorry for the bad alignm e nt of the above post
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by swati k ark i - W e dne sday, 17 Nove m be r 2010, 12:22 AM though i got corre ct ans for othe r que stions bt sir i am confuse d about this one "In the ye ars since the city of London im pose d strict air-pollution re gulations on local industry, the num be r of bird spe cie s se e n in and around London has incre ase d dram atically. Sim ilar air-pollution rule s should be im pose d in othe r m ajor citie s." what i thought was for the pre m ise n the ye ars since the city of London im pose d strict air-pollution re gulations on local industry the conclusion is :-the num be r of bird spe cie s se e n in and around London has incre ase d dram atically and for the pre m ise n the ye ars since the city of London im pose d strict air-pollution re gulations on local industry, the num be r of bird spe cie s se e n in and around London has incre ase d dram atically. conclusion is:-Sim ilar air-pollution rule s should be im pose d in othe r m ajor citie s. anyways m ust say the article is supe rb no doubt TG provide s be st of the m ate rial for the MBA aspirants.
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by ak shay jain - W e dne sday, 20 April 2011, 12:06 AM he y nice article .. I have doubt in a que stion. plz hve a look . As an e x pe rie nce d labor organize r and the form e r he ad of one of the nations m ost powe rful labor unions, Grayson is an e x ce lle nt choice to chair the ne w council on busine ss-labor re lations. (A) The ne w council m ust have the support of the nations labor le ade rs if it is to succe e d. (B) During his ye ars as a labor le ade r, Grayson e stablishe d a re cord of good re lations with busine ss le ade rs. (C ) The chair of the ne w council m ust be a pe rson who can com m unicate dire ctly with the le ade rs of the nations large st labor unions. (D) Most of the othe r m e m be rs of the ne w council will be re pre se ntative s of busine ss m anage m e nt inte re sts. (E) An unde rstanding of the ne e ds and proble m s of labor is the only qualification ne ce ssary for the job of chairing the ne w council. I am a bit confuse d in B and E. Plz clarify..
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by Anjali Gaba - W e dne sday, 20 April 2011, 12:27 PM what is your doubt
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by tgde l206 tg - Friday, 13 May 2011, 10:02 AM Hi Ak shay, I think O ption B should be the right answe r as the state m e nt state s the choice to chair the ne w council on business-labor RELA TIONS in general. Howe ve r, option E limits the relations ' by an unde rstanding of the ne e ds and proble m s of labor"

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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by rite sh dahiya - Thursday, 14 July 2011, 12:05 PM

very good article sir, this helps me a lot.. thank you sir.. sir i didn't get the aane conc and premise plz explain..
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Re: Critical Reasoning Basics- 1 by I will W IN - W e dne sday, 28 Se pte m be r 2011, 06:02 AM Nice article . Ve ry he lpful. :D
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