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Neuroscience: The Science of the Brian

This is the Japanese language translation of the public education booklet. This translation was
made for IBRO by:
Kyoji Morita, Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University School of Medicine,
Japan
The British Neuroscience Association (BNA) commissioned the booklet for the purposes of
teaching young people in the UK about their Brain and Neuroscience the science of the brain.
The booklet contains short explanatory chapters on different subjects written by experts in
each topic. The original booklet was published in 2004.
In 2005 the International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO) purchased the copyright of the
booklet. We have commissioned members of our organisation to translate the booklet in
multiple languages. In addition to the Japanese version that you are now reading the booklet is
available in a further sixteen languages also contained on this CDROM.

We hope that you will use these translations for the purpose of improving public understanding
and awareness of the brain and the importance of brain research. IBRO and the BNA are happy
for you to make printed copies or clone theses PDFfiles. However this should not be done for
profit. For more information please read the additional information that is appended at the end
of the booklet.

Contents
Pages 2-59: Neuroscience The Science of the Brain (Japanese version)
Page 60-71: Additional information (Japanese).
An introduction to IBRO and the CDROM:

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IBRO25
IBRO
IBRO

BNA

BNA

http://www.bna.org.uk/
EDAB
EDAB

199770
24
EDAB125http://www.edab.net/

11151,0001960

http://www.ibro.info/

Neuroscience: The science of the Brain


The Sherrington Buildings
Ashton Street
L69 3GE Liverpool L69 3GE
UK
2003

2003
ISBN: 0-9545204--0-8
2007
ISBN:
on this page are of neuron

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P4

P7

P9

P11

P14

P19

P2

10

P22
P25

P27

11

P30

12

P35

13

P37

14

15

P41

16

P44

17

P47

18

19

P54

20

P56

P39

P52

1.5

www.bna.org.uk/publications
The British Neuroscience Association, c/o: The Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L68 3GE

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Telephone: 44 (0) 151 794 4943/5449 Fax: 44 (0) 794 5516/5517

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.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/brain.htm
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html http://psych.hanover.edu/Krantz/neurotut.html

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2000

(Na+)
(K+)
Na+K+

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Na+

100 mV ( -70 mV)


( +30 mV)
K+Na+

Na+ K+

50

Na+K+

100

1000

http://psych.hanover.edu/Krantz/neurotut.html
http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/

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(Ca++)

() ()

( Na+
Ca++)

(epsp)

epsp

()

G-

20

()
( Na+ K+ )
()

G-

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(ipsp)

GABA
glycine

epsp
1/1000
epsp

(epsp) -70 mV 0 mV

(ipsp)

G-

1600

G-

(LC)
(Hyp)
(C)

http://synapses.mcg.edu/index.asp

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76%
92%
46%
13%
16%
2%

30,000

32%

15%

9%

9%

17%

23%

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p.51

1885

100,000

10

d-LSD

www.knowthescore.info, www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax/ecstasy.html,
www.nida.nih.gov/MarijBroch/Marijteens.html

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23 cm

1/100

12

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. . . http://acupuncture.com/Acup/AcuInd.htm

13

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The pathways fro eye to brain.


V1

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()

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) B.
MT (V5) C.
0 100
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MTV5

V5

17

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V1

V4

V4

V5

V5

18

()

faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chvision.html
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/biol/research/psychology/nsg

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Ca2+

(EMGs)

19

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12

100

DNA

.
V.S.

20

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L-
16

(LTD)


ting appropriately

10,000

1000

(SN)

a role.

ex movements become habitual, the system free-runs without

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/brain/

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Drosophila

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3B.
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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/dev.html

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(magno)

100 m

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http://www.sfn.org/content/Publications/BrainBriefings/dyslexia.html
http://www.learningdisabilities.com/programs.shtml

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LTP LTD

AMPANMDA

mGluR

(epsp)
8

AMPA
NMDA

29


23

(LTP)
(LTD)

AMPA

epsp 3

AMPA

AMPA, NMDA
mGLUR

27

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NMDA ()
LTP
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()

LTP
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AMPA ()

28

NMDA

NMDA

NMDA
NMDA


Mg2+

NMDA

Mg2+ NMDA
NMDA

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K+
(Ca2+)
NMDA
Ca2+
Ca2+
NMDA
Ca2+ NMDA

AMPA

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NMDA
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NMDA

NMDA

AMPA
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LTDLTP LTD

NMDA

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AP5 ()

http://www.cf.ac.uk/plasticity/index.html
http://www.bris.ac.uk/synaptic/public/brainbasic.html

29

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(
)

NMDA

NMDA

33

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Research Frontiers

NMDAAMPA

MRI

34


http://www.exploratorium.edu/brain_explorer/memory.html

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(A)

(NC)

32

(PRH) (HIPPO)

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Research Frontiers

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http://www.exploratorium.edu/brain_explorer/memory.html

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(HPA)

HPA

35

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HPA

(ACTH)
ACTH

()

MRGR
MRHPA

GR

36

HPA
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HPA

http://www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm

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HIV

CRP

C-
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100

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(CRF)
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http://science.howstuffworks.com/immune-system.htm

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circa dies
circadian rhythm

25

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EEG

(SWS).

EEG

REM
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46REM
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REM

REM

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SCN

264

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pertim
Drosophila
mRNA

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10

Days

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http://www.hhmi.org/lectures/2000/
http://www.cbt.virginia.edu, http://science.howstuffworks.com/sleep.htm

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(PET)

PET

PET

PET

(MRI)

E,M,I,

MRI30 1

41

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MRI

(DTI)

MRI

(fMRI)

fMRI
BOLD


23

fMRI
BOLD

PETMRI

42

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2D

12
fMRI

V1V2
V4

V5

V5
V2 (Pul)
(PPC)

(SPM) SPM

fMRI
BOLD
BOLD

BOLD

http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/bic/
http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/

43

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3201000
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ANN

ANN

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ANN ,

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www.artificialbrains.com
http://www.ini.unizh.ch/

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(GABA) ()

(EEG)

(5-HT)

EEG

47

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ATP

2,3

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/
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(TIA)
ATP

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parietalapraxia

10

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MS

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apoE-4
E (apoE)

50

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http://www.bbsf.org.uk
http://www.epilepsy.org.uk http://www.strokecenter.org
http://www.ninds.nih.gov

51

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17

20

21

52

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DNA

L-DOPA

http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/may22/neuroethics.html
http://www.dana.org/books/press/neuroethics/

53

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UCAS

A-

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IBRO

IBRO

www.IBRO.org

BS
()

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: http://www.abpi-careers.org.uk/
www.gsk.com www.sciart.org

55

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Maddelena Miele Robert Filipkowski. Peter Brophy,


Beverley Clark, Michael Hausser, David Linden, Richard Ribchester. Peter Somogyi, Elaine Snell, Lisa
Cokayne-Naylor. Ch 1 ()Marina Bentivoglio, Nobel Forum. Ch 2 ()Tobias Bonhoeffer, Peter Brophy,
Eric Kandel, Nobel Forum. Ch 3 ()Marianne Fillenz, Ch 4 ( )Leslie Iversen. Ch 5 () :
Susan Fleetwood-Walker, Han Jiesheng, Donald Price. Ch 6 ()Colin Blakemore, Andy Doherty, Bill Newsome,
Andrew Parker. Ch 7 ()Beverley Clark, Tom Gillingwater, Michael Hausser, Chris Miall, Richard Ribchester,
Wolfram Schultz. Ch 8 ()Andrew Lumsden. Ch 9 ()John Stein. Ch 10 ()Graham
Collingridge, Andrew Doherty; Kathy Sykes. Ch 11 ()Ted Berger, Livia de Hoz, Graham Hitch, Eleanor
Maguire, Andrew Doherty, Leslie Ungerleider, Fareneh Vargha-Khadem. Ch 12 ()Jonathan Seckl. Ch 13 (
)Nancy Rothwell. Ch 14 ()Anthony Harmar. Ch 15 ()Mark Bastin, Richard
Frackowiak, Nikos Logothetis, Eleanor Maguire, Lindsay Murray, Elisabeth Rounis, Semir Zeki. Ch 16 (
)Rodney Douglas, Gerry Edelman, Jeff Krichmar, Kevan Martin. Ch 17 ()Malcolm Macleod, Eve
Johnstone, Walter Muir, David Porteous, Ian Reid. Ch 18 ()Colin Blakemore, Kenneth Boyd, Stephen Rose,
William Saffire. Ch 19 ()Yvonne Allen (BNA), Victoria Gill.
Eric Kandel (for Hippocrates Quotation), Richard Morris.
Jennifer Altman, David Concar; Spike Gerrell.
No. 264450
Dr Duncan Banks (d.banks@open.ac.uk), The Open University, UK (BNA
).

V.S. Ramachandran, (Sandra Blakeslee) Phantoms in the Brain: Human Nature and the Architecture of the Mind
Fourth Dimension Publications
(Paperback - 6 May, 1999) ISBN: 1857028953
A fascinating account of phantom-limb pain and related disorders of the nervous system.

Oliver Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (Picador)
Picador
(Paperback - 7 November, 1986) ISBN: 0330294911
An amusing and well-written account of the effects of brain damage on the mind.

Jean-Dominique Bauby, The Diving-bell and the Butterfly


Fourth Estate
(Paperback - 7 May, 2002) ISBN: 0007139845
A very personal and moving account of the consequences of a stroke.

Richard P. Feynman, Surely Youre Joking, Mr Feynman: Adventures of a Curious Character


Paperback
19 November, 1992 ISBN: 009917331X
Physicist, bongo-drum man, and all round polymath. A hero for all young scientists.

Nancy Rothwell, Who Wants to Be a Scientist?: Choosing Science as a Career


Smudge (Illustrator) Cambridge University Press
(Paperback - 19 September, 2002) ISBN: 0521520924
Sound practical advice on choosing science as a career.

56

www.bna.org.uk/publications
Postal: The British Neuroscience Association, c/o: The Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L68 3GE
Telephone: 44 (0) 151 794 4943/5449 Fax: 44 (0) 794 5516/5517

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B.C.

GI-

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Cartoon by Spike Gerrell; words by Jennifer Altman and David Concar

IBRO CDROM

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Maria Bentivogelio, Nobel Forum


Tobias Bohoffer, Peter Brophy, Eric Kandel, Nobel Forum
Marianne Fillenz
Leslie Iversen
Susan Fleetwood-Walker, Han Jiesheng, Donald Price
Andrew Parker
Beveley Clark, Tom Gillingwater, Michael Hausser, Chris Miall, Richard Ribchester, Wolfram Schultz,
Andrew Lumsden
John Stein
Graham Collingridge, Andre Doherty, Kathy Sykes
Ted Berger, Livia dev Hoz, Graham Hitch, Eleanor Maguire, Andrew Doherty, Leslie Underleider,
Fareneh Vargha-Khadem
Jonathan Seckl
Nancy Rothwell
Anthony Harmar
Mark Bastin, Richard Frackowiak, Nikos Logothetis, Elanor Maguire, Lindsay Murray, Elisabeth
Rounis, Semir Zeki.
Rodney Douglas, Gerry Eldelman, Jeff Krichmar, Kevan Martin
Malcolm Macleod, Eva Johnstone, Walter Muir, David Porteous, Ian Reid.
Colin Blakemore, Kenneth Boyd, Stephen Rose, William Saffire
Yvonne Allen (BNA), LARC, ARC, APRC, CEERC

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