Zhameelah N.

Ismula General Engineering 2-A Economics Global Warming Effects Global Warming; the rising temperature of the Earth's atmotsphere. From what people learned from their own scientific knowledge, this happens when carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxine, and methane or what they call the Greenhouse gases, these gasses seal the heat and light from the sun which allows the temperature to be higher or to increase. If there are plenty of gases, and the temperature continuous to rise, a place gets warmer that causes other living things to die. They would die because there would be less food, the vegetables, fruits, or any plants, even animals would die for they can no longer take the heat. Global warming is the result of the build up of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere. These gases reflect the suns rays back down to Earth's surface rather than letting them escape back into space as they would normally, heating the planet as a consequence. We need to have a certain quantity of these gases in the atmosphere otherwise our planet would become a frozen desert. However, too high a volume and the planet keeps heating up, ultimately causing ice caps to melt and barren wastelands to form where there would have once been habitable terrain. This greenhouse problem, if problem it proves to be, is truly one of the "global common." A ton of carbon emitted anywhere on earth has the same effect as a ton emitted anywhere else. And carbon dioxide has a long residence time in the atmosphere: a century or more. There may be ways to remove it, but it doesn't disappear. The greenhouse influence on any national territory depends solely on the global concentration, not in any way on what part of the total is due to a nation's own emissions. Global warming is forcing the world to change the way it does business, according to a new report. A more sustainable global economy is emerging as countries and companies move to combat the challenges posed by climate change. Greenhouse gases are transparent to shortwave radiation from the sun, the main source of heat on the Earth. However, they absorb some of the longer infrared radiation emitted by the Earth, thereby reducing radiational cooling and hence raising the temperature of the Earth. How much they warm the world by is shown in their global warming potential. Global warming and climate change are aspects of our environment that cannot be easily or quickly discounted. Many factions still strongly feel that the changes our Earth is seeing are the result of a natural climatic adjustment. Regardless of ones perspective the effects of global warming are a quantifiable set of environmental results that are in addition to any normal changes in climate. That is why the effects of global warming have catastrophic potential. Global warming may well be the straw that breaks the camels back. It could turn out to be the difference between a category three hurricane and a category

four. Global warming as caused by greenhouse gas emissions can lead us to a definite imbalance of nature. The premise of global warming as an issue of debate is that industrial growth coupled with non-structured methods we as humans use to sustain ourselves has created a situation where our planet is getting progressively hotter. We have seemingly negatively effected our environment by a cycle of harmful processes that now seem to be feeding upon themselves to exponentially increase the damage to our ecosystem.

The most significant greenhouse gas is actually water vapor, not something produced directly by humankind in significant amounts. However, even slight increases in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) can cause a substantial increase in temperature. Why is this? There are two reasons: First, although the concentrations of these gases are not nearly as large as that of oxygen and nitrogen (the main constituents of the atmosphere), neither oxygen or nitrogen are greenhouse gases. This is because neither has more than two atoms per molecule (i.e. their molecular forms are O 2 and N2, respectively), and so they lack the internal vibrational modes that molecules with more than two atoms have. Both water and CO2, for example, have these "internal vibrational modes", and these vibrational modes can absorb and reradiate infrared radiation, which causes the greenhouse effect. Secondly, CO2 tends to remain in the atmosphere for a very long time (time scales in the hundreds of years). Water vapor, on the other hand, can easily condense or evaporate, depending on local conditions. Water vapor levels therefore tend to adjust quickly to the prevailing conditions, such that the energy flows from the Sun and re-radiation from the Earth achieve a balance. CO2 tends to remain fairly constant and therefore behave as a controlling factor, rather than a reacting actor. More CO2means that the balance occurs at higher temperatures and water vapor levels.

The term greenhouse is used in conjunction with the phenomenon known as thegreenhouse effect. Energy from the sun drives the earths weather and climate, and heats the earths surface; In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space;

 Some atmospheric gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse; These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases; The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy.

The underlying premise of this study is that global warming is a serious, perhaps even a grave societal issue. The underlying scientific basis of global warming is well established. The core problem is that the burning of fossil (carbon-based) fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas leads to emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Gases like CO2, which are called greenhouse gases (GHGs), accumulate in the atmosphere and have a very long residence time, in the order of 100 years. Higher concentrations of GHGs lead to surface warming of the land and oceans. Over the longer run, this produces profound changes in many earth systems and consequently to biological and human activities that are sensitive to the climate. While the exact future pace and extent of warming is highly uncertain, particularly beyond the next few decades, there can be little scientific doubt that the world has embarked on a major series of geophysical changes that are unprecedented for the last few thousand years. Scientists have detected the early symptoms of this syndrome clearly in several areas: The emissions and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are rising, there are signs of rapidly increasing average surface temperatures, and scientists have detected diagnostic signals such as greater high-latitude warming that are distinguishing predictions of this particular type of warming. Another effect of global warming is changes in wildlife adaptations and cycles, an alteration of the natural balance of the earth. In Alaska alone, forests are continually destroyed due to a bug known as the spruce bark beetle. These beetles usually appear in the warmer months but since the temperatures have increased, they have been appearing yearround. These beetles chew on spruce trees at an alarming rate, and with their season being stretched for a longer period of time, they have left vast boreal forests dead and gray. Another example of changing wildlife adaptations involves the polar bear. The polar bear is now listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Global warming has significantly reduced its sea ice habitat; as the ice melts, polar bears are stranded and often drown. With the continuous melting of ice, there will be less habitat opportunities and a risk in extinction of the species.

How does the Global Warming affect the environment? Global warming makes the sea rise, and when the sea rises, the water covers many low land islands. This is a big problem for many of the plants, animals, and people on islands. The water covers the plants and causes some of them to die. When they die, the animals lose a source of food, along with their habitat. Although animals have a better ability to adapt to what happens than plants do, they may die also. When the plants and animals die, people lose two sources of food, plant food and animal food.They may also lose their homes. As a result, they would also have to leave the area or die. This would be called a break in the food chain, or a chain reaction, one thing happening that leads to another and so on. (http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/global_warming.htm, 2011) Now here comes on how people can relate Global Warming to Economics: Urban areas, suburbs, and the countryside are all going to be affected by hotter temperatures. No matter where they live, poor people will have a tougher time coping, given that many may not have air conditioning, or may be reluctant to use it due to electrical costs. The best and fairest approach to reducing excess heat deaths due to global warming will be to introduce regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. And due to the strong heatness, there are people that cannot survive and eventually they will die. The most affected sector affected by Global Warming will be the Agricultural Sector. Again, it will cause sever break offs in the weather, which will also have continuous effects or the domino effect on other factors The number of rainfall per year will be unpredictable. And also, the drought will be longer that will cause the agriculture to not be viable. Another one is, since the growth of temperature can further lead to melting of the ice capped regions, the water level will rise and the people in the coastal regions will be demolished. The rising temperature of the water is destroying the marine life at a fast pace and it will surely harm the fishing industry of the world. A number of other sectors will be affected by global warminh, including the livestock, forestry, and fisheries industries. Other sectors sensitive to climate change include the energy, construction, insurance, tourism and recreation industries. What is the root cause for these severe shifts in climate that will affect many economic sectors in many regions around the world? As greater heating takes place, the poles to the equator are also projected to heat up which will cause a shift in atmospheric circulation patterns. This will in turn cause severe disruptions in rainfall patterns. It is projected that as global warming continues to develop, some regions will experience much wetter seasons, while other climates will experience much drier seasons. The overall

frequency of droughts will become longer and more intense. Many oceanographers and other researchers also fear that this could cause shifts in the ocean's conveyor, which in turn will cause sudden shifts in land temperatures What can be done to reduce or offset carbon emissions? Reducing energy use and the carbon content of energy have received, I believe properly, most of the attention, especially the attention of economists. There are other possibilities to mention. Stopping or slowing deforestation is important for reasons other than carbon emissions but is quantitatively more important than reforestation. Reforestation is unlikely to take up as much as 100 billion tons of carbon; deforestation, in areas where deforestation is likely, could contribute several hundred billion tons of carbon, partly because forest subsoils contain carbon typically greater than the amount in the trees themselves, and this carbon is subject to oxidation when the trees are removed. Carbon can be "scrubbed" from stack gases, probably not with any known technology that would make such removal economically competitive with reducing emissions. (Part of the expense is disposing of sludge; where gaseous carbon might be pumped into the ocean or into underground cavities, economical disposal may prove feasible.) Parallel to reforestation is the idea of enhancing oceanic photosynthesis, by "fertilizing" the oceans, possibly with iron, if enough of the carbon residues from the enhanced growth will sink rather than remain near the surface. Experiments would probably be reversible and modest in scale; their political acceptability may be tested in the near future.

The extreme heat and unwanted changes in climate will surely trigger one place. The economists all around the world do predict that the global warming will have an adverse effect on the growth of infrastructure of the world. If people get affected by poor health and suffer form various diseases, it ultimately harms their potential and that leads to waste of human resources. The Government Programs put emphasis on the fact that the prevalence of global warming in the world is capable of doing great harm to the insurers, re-insurers and bank. When it comes to other economic sectors, the economical effects of global warming will have a deep impact on agriculture and transport. Developing countries are considered to at larger economic risk than their developed counterpart. To over think about things, Global warming with its resulting food shortages, population shifts, and economic instability can lead to war and population decline. And also the risks to public health from floods, heat waves and droughts are becoming the focus of global health organizations and officials.

Who causes Global Warming? Have we ever thought of that the human population is the root of all these? The human population has now grown so large that there are concerns that they have become a significant element in the ecosystem. Human activities causes the pollution that allows the greenhouse effects to be emitted, and again, it causes the temperature rises. The most prevailing greenhouse gas any human emits, is the Carbon dioxide (Co2). The spread and growth of the global economy increases the energy intensity of the world's countries. The increase in the volume of exchange of goods and services, over greater distances, has increased the use of fossil fuels. More people drive more kilometers in automobiles and fly longer distances in airplanes. More people use increasing amounts of electricity, most of which is produced by fossil fuels. The expansion of global economic activity requires a continuing increase in the consumption of fossil fuel. The consumption of fossil fuel is the major factor causing climate change. While the exact future pace and extent of warming is highly uncertain, particularly beyond the next few decades, there can be little scientific doubt that the world has embarked on a major series of geophysical changes that are unprecedented for the last few thousand years. Scientists have detected the early symptoms of this syndrome clearly in several areas: The emissions and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are rising, there are signs of rapidly increasing average surface temperatures, and scientists have detected diagnostic signals such as greater high-latitude warming that are distinguishing predictions of this particular type of warming. Recent evidence and model predictions suggest that global mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Economic globalization increases the human transformation of the environment. Deforestation results from the human need for lumber for construction and land for agriculture. Rising living standards lead to increased construction and the increase of the consumption of meat. Deforestation decreases the Earth's ability to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Increased meat consumption increases the concentration of the greenhouse gas, methane in the atmosphere. To confront climate change, countries of the world will have to cooperate at unprecedented levels. Rich countries will have to promote policies to help poor countries address climate change. Those living in rich countries and enjoying energy intensive lifestyles have little right to demand economic sacrifices from the poor. From a book, It has been stated that: The water supply will be reduced, even as the population of the region continues to

grow, creating greater demand on municipalities and other water-providing agencies The sea level will rise along the coastline, flooding the region's salt marshes and leading to changes in the ecosystem of the region. Changes in wildlife - mammals, birds and amphibians - will be volatile; some animals will be able to cope with the changing conditions and some will not, and no current model exists to predict which will and won't. Because climate change is expected to occur due to an anticipated growth in global emissions, the injurious effects on regional and urban air quality will intensify. Long-term climate change will exacerbate the effects of urbanization as population grows; for example, paving open land leads to an increase in the amount of rainfall runoff and flooding. The region's agricultural industry will increase its demand on the water supply by more than 50 percent. There will be a rapid northward and eastward shift in the breeding ranges of several tropical, subtropical and warm desert bird species. Future weather and climate extremes - hurricanes, droughts, heat waves and others will intersect with the region's vulnerable ecologies to create future megadisasters, and leaders at all levels of governance are underestimating the growing fragility of the region and failing to enhance existing methods of regional sustainability.

The effect of global warming has its sway on various spheres of life which also includes the economic aspect. The economical effects of global warming are a sincere concern which is troubling the people. When the global average air temperature near the earth's surface is rising for the past it can surely harm the economic life of the people. The amount of economic losses which will be experienced by the future world offers a scary statistics. Since the economical effects of global warming can be defined by taking care of several other factors. Since the global economy depends on both agriculture and other sectors, it is essential to know that there are various indirect harms which global warming is capable of doing. In the filed of agriculture the global warming will decrease the percentage of arable land, leading to low productivity and low exporting and importing. How it affects the human health Human health will be severely at risk if global warming continues to grow. Scientists say that warmer weather will create ideal conditions for the insects and rodents that carry malarial and several other viruses. Heat related illnesses and deaths could

increase because of hotter weather and longer heat waves. Rising temperatures could also significantly reduce air quality. This would create ideal conditions for the increase in frequency and severity of several respiratory ailments. Diseases that are spread by mosquitoes and other insects could become more prevalent if warmer temperatures enabled those insects to become established. Climate change is likely to have wide-ranging and mostly adverse impacts on human health with significant loss of life." Children, the elderly and the poor will be most vulnerable to the human health effects from global warming. The developing world will suffer much more than the industrialized world. Again, an explanation on how it affect the Agricultural sector Agriculture depends very heavily on a stable climate. Crops are very precise about the soil, moisture, temperature, carbon dioxide and other materials they require. With global warming occurring, the patterns of agricultural production are certainly going to change. Global Warming will also lead to more intense weather conditions like heavy rains and floods resulting in more and more crop destruction. These changing rainfall patterns could also shift crop diseases and pests and create water shortages in some areas. In short, Climate change will most likely bring regional shifts in production and increased demand for irrigation; if extreme weather events were to become more frequent, the outlook for agriculture could become much less favorable. On Natural Habitats In the past the environment has always adopted the ongoing climatic changes on the planet. But whenever sudden changes have taken place the effects have been devastating, and same is the case with global warming. It is occurring right now and at a quick pace. The fact that earth's overall temperature for every region is going to rise considerably, it is very likely that the forest and plant population of the area will become extinct and in some places totally finish. Forest fires are likely to become more frequent and severe if the soil becomes dry. The potential impacts of climate change on forest and wildlife are poorly understood. If habitats simply shift to cooler areas, many forms of wildlife could potentially adapt to global warming, just as they have adapted to the changes in climate that have occurred over the last several million years. Unlike previous climatic shifts, however, roads, development, and other modifications to the natural environment may block the migration

routes. Nature reserves, often established to protect particular species, may no longer be located in a climate hospitable to that species.

Focusing how Global Warming affects the Philippines; Philippines is clearly overpopulated and packed with vehicles. As we know, the air pollution problem is very much present in the surroundings and the quality of our motor vehicles is far inferior than to those in first world countries. The cars and motorcycles emit far more Carbon dioxide than the refined ones abroad, which adds up to the worlds total in a significant way. Even though the country produces far less Carbon dioxide, than USA or China, acknowledge the Philippines for it is an archipelago and a developing country, and putting those two factors together, the greenhouse gas emissions do make a difference. Another problem the Philippines is facing is not only corruption but the lack of strict implementation of the Republic Acts concerning the environment, such as RA 7586 a.k.a. NIPAS, the Waste Management Act, so on and so forth. The waste management act stated that by 2007, every City should have a waste facility, which has not been established so far in Dumaguete City. The recycling and collecting of garbage is also very problematic in the Philippines. In recent years we have been hearing the phrase global warming. And we thought that it is happening only in faraway countries. They never really took notice. we cant expect most Filipinos, when just getting food on the table and stretching our salary until the next payday is a struggle. While the solons are too busy getting media mileage and jumping in to the hottest issue until a more interesting one comes along. Then people are barraged with all these unfortunate events. Suddenly they are aware. Effects of global warming in the Philippines are evident and they have to adapt and take action, intheir own Filipino ways.

To broaden up ones mind: It is because of global warming, that Summer in the Philippines is getting hotter. It is because of global warming that Dengue fever is spreading much farther and faster around the country due to increased humidity. It is because of global warming that shores will soon move closer by a meter or more each year.

 It is because of global warming that more and more floods are affecting the Philippine islands and surrounding regions. It is because of global warming that people experience hunger because their crops were destroyed in natural disasters such as storms, floods, or heat/dryness The Philippines could even cease to exist because of global warming, because once the sea level has risen a couple of meters, even the highest mountains may not be high enough anymore to sustain a whole country. What can we do to help? The responsibility to combat global warming lies with the individual as much as it does with governments and politicians. Try walking to work occasionally rather than driving, and turn off lights, televisions and computers whenever you are not using them. We need to be more efficient with how we use fuel to heat our houses and run our cars. If at all possible use energy from non-carbon based fuels such as wind energy and solar power. Ultimately, in a world where money comes before the planet we call our home, economics will be the decider as to how and when we reduce global warming. Strategies that are good for business will win politicians votes, so reduction of the greenhouse effect needs to be modelled accordingly.

The challenge of coping with global warming is particularly difficult because it has spans many disciplines and parts of society. Ecologists may see it as a threat to ecosystems, marine biologists as a problem arising from ocean acidification, utilities as a debit to their balance sheets, and coal miners as an existential threat to their livelihood. Businesses may view global warming as either an opportunity or a hazard, politicians as a great issue as long as they dont need to mention taxes, ski resorts as a mortal danger to their alreadyshort seasons, golfers as a boon to year-round recreation, and poor countries as a threat to their farmers as well as a source of financial and technological aid. This many-faceted nature also raises challenges to natural and social scientists, who must incorporate a wide variety of geophysical, economic, and political disciplines in their diagnoses and prescriptions. The central questions posed by economic approaches to climate change are the following: How sharply should the Philippines reduce CO2 and other GHG emissions? What should be the time profile of emissions reductions? How should the reductions be distributed across the Philippines? There are as well important and politically divisive issues about the instruments that should be used to impose cuts on consumers and business. Should there be a system of emissions limits imposed on firms, industries, and nations? Or

should emissions reductions be primarily imposed through taxes on GHG? What should be the relative contributions of rich and poor households or nations? Global warming is a serious problem that will not solve itself. philippines should take cooperative steps to slow global warming. There is no case for delay. The most fruitful and effective approach is this country to put a harmonized price, perhaps a steep price, on greenhouse gas emissions, primarily those of carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. While other measures might usefully buttress this policy, placing a nearuniversal and harmonized price or tax on carbon is a necessary, and perhaps a sufficient condition, for reducing the future threat of global warming. Why Carbon? It is the main cause of the Global Warming! How to lessen up the rapid effect of Global Warming in the Philippines: And we all hope that the government would take actions. 1. The first run is one in which no policies are taken to slow or reverse greenhouse warming. Individuals and firms would adapt to the changing climate, but governments are assumed to take no steps to curb greenhouse-gas emissions or to internalize the greenhouse externality. 2. Another but more problematical option would be technologies either to remove carbon from the atmosphere or to offset the climatic impacts of rising CO2 concentrations. The latter of these, called geoengineering, involves large-scale climatic engineering to offset the warming effect of greenhouse gases. The Philippines faced a lot of Natural Disasters in the past year when Typhoon Ondoy and Pepeng killed many families. We are slowly being killed by the effects of global warming. Just imagine the cost, the recovery, the lives of the people. And just this year, typhoons had passed, and the same effects as what had happened in the past years. We may not be able to stop this, but we have the power to prevent it, and the effects will be slower, and it would lessen. If theres one good thing to come out of the ordeal caused by tropical storm Ondoy it would probably be an increase in awareness among Filipinos of the dangers of climate change and global warming. It would really be such a shame if in spite of what has already happened Filipinos would continue to be ignorant or worse unmindful of the fact that the environment is changing. It should be clear by now that a lot of adjustments have to be made not only by the government but by ordinary citizens as well to ensure that a similar calamity of this

magnitude would not happen again.The wrath of Ondoy is a message (a big, hurtful, devastating message) that we Filipinos should take into heart. It is a message to our leaders: that climate change and environmental protection is now and will be the most pressing concern in the near future; that budgets meant for disasters and MEANT to be spent in disasters; that they should moderate their greed and spend the people's money in matters of their welfare and safety. It is also a message to our countrymen: that it is about time that we change our current ways of life and give a little to preserve nature; that we as Filipinos start to unite and be as one family in helping each other and be with one another.

Realize this thought: If the more the Filipinos emmit carbon dioxide, the more it is dangerous for the citizens. It affects a great part of each one's life. It shortens one's life.. And it kills many of us, not only humans, but the entire living organisms itself. The coming years will undoubtly witness intensive negotiations as the Philippines or the planet itself continues to warm. Oceans will rise and new ecological and economic impacts will be discovered. How much and how fast could the Philippines reduce the greenhousegas emmisions? How should the society balance the costs and the reductions against the damages and dangers of the global warming? Sensible policies will depend upon the time path of the resolution of uncertainties. An ideal efficient climatechange policy would be relatively inexpensive and have a substanstial impact on a long run climate change. Economic benefits here in the Philippines should be of a low cost and environmentally backstop technology are huge in terms of net impacts. Global Warming is a complex phenomenon, subject to great uncertainty, with changes in our knowledge occuring virtually daily. Climate change is unlikely to be catastrophic in the near term, but It has the potential to ruin the lives if the Filipinos and can cause serious damage in the Philippines. Financing energy conservation, energy efficiency, and switching from high-carbon to lower-carbon or noncarbon fuels in the Philippines would not only be a major economic enterprise, but a complex effort in international diplomacy and politics. If the Philippines ever manage to act together toward the developing countries, the bargaining position is probably enhanced by the fact that cleaner fuels and more efficient fuel technologies bring a number of benefits other than reduced carbon, and recipients of

greenhouse aid will be actively interested parties, not merely neutral agents attending to the global atmosphere. A related point: population growth is important for the climate change, in two respects. One is that carbon emissions in developing countries like the Philippines are positively driven by population; population growth does not merely dilute carbon emissions per capita, but for a number of reasons more people means more carbon. The other population effect is simply that the most likely adverse impact of climate change on human productivity and welfare would be on food production. Even if we had confident estimates of climate change in the Philippines, there would still be uncertainties about the kind of world it is going to be 50, 75, or 100 years from now. On what kind of world would we superimpose either a vaguely described potential change in climate or even a specific description of changes in the weather in all the seasons of the year, even for our own country. There would have been no way to assess the impact of changing climates on air travel, electronic communication, the construction of skyscrapers. Anticipating the automobile, we might have been concerned with whether wetter and drier seasons would bring more or less mud, not anticipating that the nation's roads would become thoroughly paved. The assessment of effects on health would be without antibiotics or inoculation. And in contrast to most contemporary concern with the popular image of hotter summers to come.

Most of all, people need to get serious with our environmental programs, including reforestation, watershed protection and the preservation of water bodies. Simple lip service and a business-as-usual attitude will not do. Philippines could make more money if they started to be an environmentally friendly country. In our own little way, as Filipinos.. Even kids have to know that are the small causes of Global warming but if realized will be a great impact on reducing its effects: Examples: 1. Turning on lights 2. Watching T.V 3. Listening to a stereo 4. Washing or drying clothes 5. Using a hair dryer 6. Riding a car 7. Heating a meal in the microwave

8. Using an airconditioner

Or for the general: 1. Save power by unplugging appliances that are not in use An unplugged electrical appliance or equipment still uses 25% of its usual power consumption. This act not only helps save on electricity, it also gives you some financial savings. 2. Use natural lighting whenever possible, close all the lights that are not in use. There are many establishments that pay a lot to install blinds, tints, shades, only to spend a lot again on lighting. Why not use natural light by installing clear windows, instead? Saves on power, saves on costs, and allows you to get a feel of the outside world even when you are ensconced in your office.

3.Whenever possible, walk. Walking (or biking) gives multitude of benefits it saves on fuel, it does not give you stress from traffic, does not give you headache on finding the perfect parking slot (and remembering where it is!), and is good for your health. 4. Save paper by printing only when necessary. A ton of paper helps preserve approximately 17 full grown trees. How much paper have you used lately? See the flash floods in the news? It might be because of all the paper you have printed on! 5. Segregate your waste. Studies show that a significant portion of solid waste are food waste which can be composted. Aside from this, there are also environmental groups who collect batteries, used cellphones, and the like for proper disposal. 6. Use your own personal cups and tumblers instead of plastic cups.

Plastic cups take a loooong time to completely degrade (if they ever do), and while they are so convenient to use, they are really not helpful in preserving the earth. Besides, a Starbucks mug or tumbler is much more fashionable to use. 7. Whenever possible, use surface water instead of deepwells. Deepwells are only used when there is no surface water available. There is a logic to this, and it is because exhausted aquifers will replenish only less than one meter per year, that is, if there was space for it to absorb runoffs. In a much urbanized city where every inch of earth has been covered by concrete, therefore blocking any possibility of absorption, this regeneration rate is close to nil. 8. Always turn off the faucet when not in use. Leaving the faucet running for one minute alone amounts to about 9 liters of wasted water. That is not only an utter waste of precious resource, it also jacks up your water bill. 9. Always check you faucets for leaks or drips. Think of a water leak as an ever-running faucet. A small water leak could waste as much as 90 liters of water a week. If you can afford it and if your homes design permits it, better expose all your water pipes for easy leak detection in the future. 10. At least once in your life, plant a tree. Many flash floods happen as a result of denudation. Just think about it all the metropolis and central business districts used to be filled with trees in the past, then urbanization happened. Trees improve water quality because they slow and filter rain water, they also protect aquifers and watersheds, and most of all, they provide shade, making the immediate effects of global warming tolerable. Global warming and climate change are both real. And just like everything else that is happening in the world, we can all be parts of the solution. One tiny step lead is very significant towards the ultimate goal. You matter! When you do these things, you are causing more greenhouse gasses to be sent into the air. Greenhouse gasses are sent into the air because creating the electricity you use to do these things causes pollution. if you think of how many times a day you do these things, its a lot. You even have to add in how many other people do these things! That turns out to be a lot of pollutants going into the air a day because of people like us using electricity. The least

amount of electricity you use, the better. When people throw garbage away, the garbage goes to landfills. Landfills are those big hills that goes by on an expressway that stink. They are full of garbage. The garbage is then sometimes burned. This sends an enormous amount of greenhouse gasses into the air and makes global warming worse. Another thing that makes global warming worse is when people cut down trees, which is very common here in the Philippines. Trees and other plants collect carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a greenhouse gas. What are people doing to stop global warming? People are doing many things to try to stop global warming. One thing people are doing is carpooling. Carpooling is driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. This minimizes the amount of greenhouse gases put into the air by a car. Another thing that people are doing is being more careful about leaving things turned on like the television, computer, and the lights. A lot of people are taking time away from the television, and instead, they are spending more time outdoors. This helps our planet out a lot. Now, more people are even riding busses, walking to school, and riding their bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. Planting trees and recycling also helps. If you recycle, less trash goes to the dump, and less trash gets burned. As a result, there are fewer greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere. Many things, such as hairspray and deodorant, now are made to have less of an impact on the atmosphere. Less greenhouse gasses will rise into the air, and global warming will slow down. What is the government doing to stop global warming? The government is doing many things to help stop global warming. The government made a law called The Clean Air Act so there is less air pollution. Global warming is making people get very bad illnesses that could make them disabled, very sick, and sometimes even die. The Clean Air Act is making many companies change their products to decrease these problems. Part of the law says that you may not put a certain amount of pollutants in the air. Hairspray and some other products, like foam cups, had this problem.

Making and using these products let out too much volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone-destroying chemicals (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and related chemicals (such as CO2) into the air. Kids can help stop global warming, too!!

Reducing the world's heavy reliance on fossil fuels can help us turn down the heat and curb human-induced global warming. We must all work together to advocate for federal policies that reduce our fossil fuel dependence, promote renewable wind and solar energy sources, and encourage individuals to live in ways that have less impact on the planet. Filipinos must also work to slow population growth by increasing access to voluntary family planning and reproductive health programs so that families are better able to choose the number and spacing of their children. Unfortunately, the Philippines cannot brag about any environmental policies in any way. It is indeed true that a Waste Management Act has been implemented, yet if we look at our everyday lives; the sad reality comes crushing down on us Filipinos. We barely care for our environment. We see wrappers all over what should have been a green environment. We see people burning their garbage in their homes and on the streets. We even love to shower ourselves with the abundance of fresh water, which could have been saved. All of these things do not really imply that the Philippines is really affected by global warming (which it is in fact, but more of that later), rather it seems that Philippines plays a big role as a contributor in global warming. The most apparent impacts of climate change may be felt on water sources, agriculture and food security, forest, coastal. Dealing with Climate ChangeIn recent years, the country has already felt the effects of climate change. Worse, being an archipelago, it faces more severe threats as the world gets hotter. Let us analyze the facts of outside causes of global warming. Many people believe (which is also true) that so called greenhouse gases that emit CO into the atmosphere which causes the rays of the sun to be kept within the earth atmosphere for a longer time, since it bounces back. This causes an increase of temperature, which in turn causes more natural catastrophes. Although this is the main cause of global warming, there is yet another cause, which has something to do with the cycle of our Sun. Every ten to twelve years, the sun is in its peak and vice versa. The peak is the solar maximum, which means that this is when the sun is the hottest and emits more solar storms than ever. This period should be the solar maximum of the sun, since the last was in the 90s. This is also an important factor that contributes to global warming.

In the Philippines, the effects of climate change and global warming cannot be denied. There used to be a clear delineation between the dry and wet weather, or summer and rainy months, as we call them. January to June have always been known as the dry months while the rest were the wet months. Summer, or dry, in the Philippines will mean hot, sunny days, perfect for going to the beach or walking in the park, or flying a kite in the fields. Temperatures are quite high, with the highest temperature in the Philippines registered at 39.3 degree Celsius, and in Metro Manila, it has been really hot at 37.3 degrees. Feverish, you might say, and in fact, it is.But this is also the season for beautiful flowers to bloom. Some provinces in the Philippines are now having problems of raising good quality craft because of El Nino, farmers and livestocks owner are struggling because of harsh conditions that the climate is throwing on our country. Revers dried out, fishes dies because of lack of water and rising of water temperature. Canals for rice fields are unavailable because of less supply of water. Provincial government declare a provincial crises because of insufficient food supply. We are all part of the solution that not only the Philippines is facing, but also of the world. We can save. And add to the economic stability of our country if we all work hand in hand with this. We would have equal effects and no one would be hurt with the catastrophes that the Global Warming Effect may bring. The Philippines , like the rest of the world, is doomed to a bleak future filled with billions of climate refugees seeking shelter in the far north, and in places like New Zealand, Tasmania and Antarctica in the far south. Scientific community is Unanimous. In conclusion, global warming is a very serious problem affecting all of us.. The scientific community is unanimously convinced that it is the result of human activity in particular, the release of greenhouse gases caused by burning fossil fuels. Global warming cant be stopped entirely, but its potential damage can be minimized by lessening the dependence on fossil fuels. People need to changed their lifestyles in order to protect the children and leave them a world that they could be proud of. The assessment of current climate change-related needs, initiatives and capacities shows that there is a need to further mainstream climate change risk management in national, sector, and local decision-making processes in the Philippines. Now it is imminent, the effects of Global warming is already affecting peoples daily lives The Government should impose stricter policies to help prevent continued denudation of the forests, initiate better garbage collection and disposal thru the local governments as

well as have mass cleaning and re-forestation projects. The government should be busy on helping the nation instead of being more of a liability as what many Filipinos perceived them to be. My vision for the Philippines is a prosperous society, an environmentally friendly society. A society that considers its people regarding formulating environment policies - a pro-people. A society that bear in mind the regenerative capacity and sustainability of Philippine national resources and promotes and develops a balanced ecosystem. At present, the government is taking efforts to mainstream sustainable development policies and the inclusion of climateproofing strategies in key development plans and processes as a means to adapt to the changes that may occur. CONCLUSION The Philippines is now on the edge of great struggle on keeping up on climate change. Not enough technologies, corrupted fonds for problems related to climate changes, ignorant citizens who don't care about the effects of this Global phenomenas. What lies on this country? How could we survive? would it be the last of our kind? If actions wouldn't be responded quickyly, then the Philippines would slightly be extinct as the years go by. We are entering uncharted waters, and as the waters rise and the temperatures go up, future generations will have some important choices to make: where to live, how to live, how to grow food, how to power their climate refugee settlements, how to plan and how to pray to God Almighty. In life, there is always a lesson learned after the storm. Now, the people are monitoring the weather condition. Some evacuated already in a higher groundsWe can not prevent natural calamities but we can do something to survive. Brace for stronger and heavy rainfall in the future due to climate change but let us all prepare ourselves to face such emergency. We us part of this country, we must also take responsibility in mitigating the effects of global warming in the country not only for our own sake but for our future generations and our environment. The brunt of global warming will hit the Philippines hard. But it will be the poorest of the Filipino people who will bear the most burden in coping with the various impact of climate change like diminished agricultural and fisheries yields, extreme weather events, effects of freshwater supply and health. The Filipinos wish to promote the projects to induce the national industry and society to the sustainable production and consumption system such as the Eco-Labeling Program, the Environmental Declaration Program, the Assistance for the environmental administration, and the Promotion of green consumption. There is no longer any doubt. The challenge we face is to help reverse the trends humankind has created over one hundred years, in the next decade. We are all going to have pay for it, sooner or later. Science seems to indicate that, if we act decisively, collectively and soon, we can still manage global climate. The sooner our nation acts on this, the cheaper it will be. We cannot afford to wait.

So what to do? The same old thinking about more is good, and technology to solve any problems doesn't work any more. We must change our thinking to decide what is enough for wellbeing and what wellbeing really is. Open eyes people- see what all these discharge of gas, smoke, fuel- causing climate change, causing economic depression, causing deaths, causing suffering and pain.. and all because of us and them. The entire human being are the victims of our own crime. Look after the world- recycle, dont waste electricity, stand against burning fuels. For years our governments have been pretending Global Warming doesn't exist. This is due to money and influence from certain coal and oil companies. Only recently have we seen a change in this and it is because of people like you. People like us with our social activism, have started to stop Climate Change on a local level in their communities and they have demanded that their governments take this seriously. Let's pretend nothing has been proved and the pictures of the polar caps are in question. Do we really have the luxury to wait and see if the doubters are correct? There is no quick fix when the ice melts with climate change; only effects, such as Sea Level Rise. So why not change the way we consume energy and the products you use? At the very least, you will be helping make a better planet for the environment of our children. Global Warming is not a question of if, but when? How long will it take for the effects of the excess carbon and other greenhouse gases to change the world we know today into something we wouldn't recognize? It is happening now and our actions today have an enormous effect on the answer to that question. Every decision, every purchase, every action you make will either help or hurt the future of life on our planet.

Share information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment. Keep in mind that the solution lies in our own ability, our own mind and in our own hands. In our own country, Filipinos should promote clean and green campaign to help protect mother earth. And for the next generations to have a place they could live for longer years not a place where pollution leads to the death of many.