Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 21/2011

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

09 October 2011
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Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

The Development Co-operation Report 2011 ......................................................................... 4 Africa Development Indicators 2011 ....................................................................................... 4 The Little Data Book on Africa................................................................................................. 4 The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases ............................... 5 Laboratory Quality Management System: Handbook ............................................................. 5 Pharmaceutical Reform: A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity ............................... 5

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 6

Global Health.............................................................................................................. 6
Closing the gap: Policy into practice on social determinants of health ................................... 6 Health Innovation for the worlds poor: Who are the players and what is the game?............. 6 Pain as a Global Public Health Priority ................................................................................... 6

HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 7

Assessing the population health impact of market interventions to improve access to antiretroviral treatment ............................................................................................................ 7 Guidance for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted HIV Infections ..................................... 7 Fighting for our lives: The history of the Treatment Action Campaign 1998-2010.................. 7 Evaluation of a Peer Network-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Men in Beer Halls in Zimbabwe: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial........................................... 8 Cost-Effectiveness of Early Versus Standard Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults in Haiti ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Exploring antiretroviral treatment adherence in an urban setting in South Africa................... 8 Fertility in African communities affected by HIV...................................................................... 9 Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study 9 Enabling legal environments for effective HIV responses: A leadership challenge for the Commonwealth ....................................................................................................................... 9 The Uptake and Accuracy of Oral Kits for HIV Self-Testing in High HIV Prevalence Setting: A Cross-Sectional Feasibility Study in Blantyre, Malawi....................................................... 10

Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................. 10

Sexual Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Desk Review ................................ 10 Clueless or clued-up: Your right to be informed about contraception ................................... 10 Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in The Gambia, Evidence into Action..................................................................................................................................... 11 Inter-agency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings ..................... 11 Using research to influence sexual and reproductive health practice and implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case-study analysis .......................................................................... 11 Sex work and womens movements...................................................................................... 12

Maternal & Child Health............................................................................................ 12

Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015 ............................................................................................................................................... 12

HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 1

Analysing Commitments to Advance the Global Strategy for Womens and Childrens Health ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Child Development in Developing Countries (2) ................................................................... 13 Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development .......... 13

Malaria ..................................................................................................................... 13
Malaria in Africa Can Be Eliminated...................................................................................... 13 Knowledge and malaria treatment practices using artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in Malawi: survey of health professionals ................................................................................. 14 Use of mefloquine in children - a review of dosage, pharmacokinetics and tolerability data 14 Community-owned resource persons for malaria vector control: enabling factors and challenges in an operational programme in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.. 14 Malaria Control in Schools .................................................................................................... 15 Treatment guided by rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Tanzanian children: safety and alternative bacterial diagnoses.............................................................................................. 15 Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection (Review) ............................................................................................................................................... 15

Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................. 16
Core Curriculum on Tuberculosis: What the Clinician Should Know .................................... 16 Evaluation of Tuberculosis Program in India......................................................................... 16

Other Infectious Diseases......................................................................................... 16

Infection Prevention: A reference booklet for health care providers ..................................... 16

Non-communicable Diseases ................................................................................... 17

Understanding chronic non-communicable diseases in Latin America: towards an equitybased research agenda......................................................................................................... 17

Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 17

In-roads to the spread of antibiotic resistance: regional patterns of microbial transmission in northern coastal Ecuador ...................................................................................................... 17

Social Protection....................................................................................................... 17
Targeting the Poorest: An assessment of the proxy means test methodology..................... 17 Social Protection Diagnostic and Forward Agenda UNICEF Nigeria.................................... 18 The Brazilian experience with conditional cash transfers: A successful way to reduce inequity and to improve health .............................................................................................. 18 Access to Insurance Initiative: Inside the Initiative................................................................ 18

Human Resources.................................................................................................... 19
Employee Wellness Programme Peer Educators Manual ................................................ 19 Paying health workers for performance in Battagram district, Pakistan ............................... 19

Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 19

Health Policy and Systems Research in Twelve Eastern Mediterranean Countries: A Stocktaking of Production and Gaps (2000-2008) ................................................................ 19 Adaptation of a probabilistic method (InterVA) of verbal autopsy to improve the interpretation of cause of stillbirth and neonatal death in Malawi, Nepal, and Zimbabwe .... 20

Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 20

Mobile Phones & Information Technology - How these tech tools can aid in the push to meet the MDGs .............................................................................................................................. 20 Open Access Week 24-30 October, 2011............................................................................. 20

Harm Reduction and Drug Use................................................................................. 21

Smoke-free Movies: From Evidence to Action ...................................................................... 21 Estimates of HIV incidence among drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: continued growth of a rapidly expanding epidemic............................................................................................ 21

Millennium Development Goals ................................................................................ 21

The Millennium Development Goals after 2015: No goals yet.............................................. 21

Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 22

Aid Effectiveness 2005-10: Progress in Implementing the Paris Declaration....................... 22 The Performance Assessment Framework of Development Partners (DP-PAF) in Ghana: Baseline Report 2008/09....................................................................................................... 22 How DAC members work with civil society organisations: An overview ............................... 23 Developing an NGO corruption risk management system: Considerations for donors ........ 23 Producing Home Grown Solutions: Think Tanks and Knowledge Networks in International Development ......................................................................................................................... 23

Others ...................................................................................................................... 24
Population Reference Bureaus (PRBs) Population Handbook ........................................... 24

HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 2

Health Situation Analysis in the African Region .................................................................... 24 Health in the Green Economy: Health Co-benefits of Climate Change Mitigation - Housing Sector .................................................................................................................................... 24 Handbook for national action plans on violence against women .......................................... 24

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 25

British Library for Development Studies - Digital Library ...................................................... 25 Bulletin of the World Health Organization - Volume 89, Number 10, October 2011, 701-776 ............................................................................................................................................... 25 Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database........................................... 25 Procurement & Supply Management Toolbox ...................................................................... 26

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 26

Using qualitative approaches to health systems research.................................................... 26 Prevention Resources for People Living with HIV................................................................. 26

CONFERENCES................................................................ 26
Report - 5th International Microinsurance Conference 2009: Making insurance work for the poor ....................................................................................................................................... 26 Geneva Health Forum ........................................................................................................... 27

CARTOON ......................................................................... 27 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 27

Windows 7: Using Arrow Keys for Windows Snap................................................................ 27 Another Way to Save Internet Images .................................................................................. 28

Fair Use: This Newsletter is produced under the principles of 'fair use'. We source relevant news articles, resources and research documents and strive to attribute sources by providing reference and/or direct links to authors and websites. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GIZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes. While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GIZ and the editor of the Newsletter cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies contained in any articles. Please contact dneuvians@gmx.de if you believe that errors are contained in any article and we will investigate and provide feedback.

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HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 3

BOOKS
The Development Co-operation Report 2011
50th Anniversary Edition Development Co-operation Directorate (DCD-DAC), October 2011 300 pp. to be published 15 November 2011 Download the Executive Summary (2 pp. 1.5 MB): http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/3/44/48764214.pdf Annex A: Efforts and policies of bilateral donors (11 pp. 923 kB): http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/48/48806436.pdf Annex B: Trends in development co-operation, 1960-2010 (40 pp. 1.5 MB): http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/56/48806982.pdf The Development Co-operation Report is the key annual reference document for statistics and analysis on trends in international aid. In addition to the usual statistics and analysis, this special OECD 50th Anniversary edition includes articles by prominent pe rsons in the field who have helped in their various capacities to shape thinking on the important issues and needs that face us today. ***

Africa Development Indicators 2011

by Rose Mungai, Francoise Genouille, Jane Njuguna et al. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2011 196 pp. 4.4 MB: http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/adi_2011-web.pdf Africa Development Indicators 2011 is the most detailed collection of data on Africa. It contains macroeconomic, sectoral, and social indicators for 53 countries. Designed as both a quick reference and a reliable dataset for monitoring development programs and aid flows in the region, Africa Development Indicators 2011 is an invaluable tool for analysts and policymakers who want a better understanding of Africa's economic and social development. See also:

The Little Data Book on Africa

by Rose Mungai, Jane Njuguna, Francoise Genouille et al. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Africa Region, 2011 78 pp. 876 kB: http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/ldb-africa-2011.pdf The Little Data Book on Africa 2011 is a pocket edition of Africa Development Indicators 2011 (see above). It contains some 115 key indicators on economics, human development, governance, and partnership and is intended as a quick reference for users of the Africa Development Indicators 2011 book and ADI Online. The country tables present HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 4

the latest available data for World Bank member countries in Africa. ***

The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases

Opportunities for Integrated Intervention Strategies by Eileen R. Choffnes and David A. Relman Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats, 2011 604 pp. 30.3 MB(!): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/nap13087/pdf/ Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) not only share features that allow them to persist in conditions of poverty, where they cluster and frequently overlap, but they also present common opportunities for effective, integrated, intervention and control strategies. Significant (though imperfect) control measures - including drugs and vaccines, improvements in water and sanitation, and vector control measures, employed singly or in combination - have been developed for most NTDs and NZDs. ***

Laboratory Quality Management System: Handbook

World Health Organization, September 2011 247 pp. 3.6 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548274_eng.pdf Only sound management of quality in health laboratories will enable countries to produce test results that the international community will trust in cases of international emergency. This handbook is intended to provide a comprehensive reference on Laboratory Quality Management System for all stakeholders in health laboratory processes, from management, to administration, to bench-work laboratorians. ***

Pharmaceutical Reform: A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity

by Marc J. Roberts and Michael R. Reich The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2011 356 pp. 3.3 MB: http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/09/28/00038619 4_20110928013526/Rendered/PDF/646660PUB0Phar00Box361543B00PUBLIC0.pdf This publication provides a powerful set of resources to help policy makers better navigate the complicated process of reforming pharmaceutical systems. Its problem solving approach complements technical resources and training curricula available on the discrete elements of a pharmaceutical sector. Ensuring the availability of medicines and the effective management of their procurement and distribution is central to the drive to achieve coverage and access to basic health care that is both universal and financially sustainable. *** HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 5

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Global Health Closing the gap: Policy into practice on social determinants of health
by Rdiger Krech and Kumanan Rasanathan Discussion Paper for the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, Rio de Janeiro, 19-21 October 2011 56 pp. 1.9 MB: http://www.who.int/entity/sdhconference/Discussion-paper-EN.pdf The Discussion Paper will inform proceedings at the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health about how countries can implement action on social determinants of health, including the recommendations of the WHO Commission on Social Determ inants of Health. It does not provide a blueprint, but instead lays out the key components that all countries need to integrate in implementing a social determinants approach. The paper aims to show that, in all countries, it is possible to put policy into practice on social determinants of health to improve health and well-being, reduce health inequities and promote development. ***

Health Innovation for the worlds poor: Who are the players and what is the game?
by Joanna Chataway, Rebecca Hanlin, Joyce Tait et al. ESRC Innogen Centre, August 2011 5 pp. 152 kB: http://www.genomicsnetwork.ac.uk/media/AGLS5%20%20Health%20Innovation%20for%20the%20World%27s%20Poor.pdf A variety of public private partnering arrangements and innovative financing mechanisms has begun to change the neglected disease landscape over the last decade. How significant are these public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements? Are these players likely to endure? Do they deserve the continued support of development donors? How do they relate to broader shifts in the pharmaceutical industry? ***

Pain as a Global Public Health Priority

by Daniel S Goldberg and Summer J McGee BMC Public Health 2011, 11:770 (6 October 2011) 12 pp. 153 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-11-770.pdf Pain is an enormous problem globally. Estimates suggest that 20% of adults suffer from pain globally and 10% are newly diagnosed with chronic pain each year. Nevertheless, the problem of pain has primarily been regarded as a medical problem, and has been little addressed by the field of public health. The prevalence, incidence, and vast social and health consequences of global pain requires that the public health community give due attention to this issue. Doing so will mean that health care providers and public HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 6

health professionals will have a more comprehensive understanding of pain and the a ppropriate public health and social policy responses to this problem.

HIV - AIDS - STI Assessing the population health impact of market interventions to improve access to antiretroviral treatment
by Till Brnighausen, Margaret Kyle, Joshua A Salomon et al. Health Policy Plan. (2011) - First published online: September 13, 2011 10 pp. 151 kB: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/09/12/heapol.c zr058.full.pdf+html Despite extraordinary global progress in increasing coverage of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the majority of people needing ART currently are not receiving treatment. The authors present a framework to structure the assessment of population health impact of antiretroviral treatment market interventions, both for funding decisions and for empirical evaluation of impact. They describe assessment methods and their limitations and seven practical recommendations are made for assessment of population health impact of market interventions. ***

Guidance for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted HIV Infections

The U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), August 2011 53 pp. 764 kB: http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/171303.pdf The purpose of this guidance is to assist PEPFAR country teams in developing Country Operational Plans (COPs) that align activities to prevent sexual transmission of HIV with country-specific epidemiology and country-owned responses, and that support the continuum of response at the country level. This guidance seeks to aid teams in identifying and implementing the optimal combination of prevention activities needed to maximize reduction of new infections as part of the continuum of country HIV response. ***

Fighting for our lives: The history of the Treatment Action Campaign 19982010
by Marcus Low, Catherine Tomlinson, Mara Kardas-Nelson et al. The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), October 2010 128 pp. 5.4 MB: http://www.tac.org.za/community/files/10yearbook/files/tac%201 0%20year%20draft5.pdf Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) is an outstanding non-governmental organisation, created by the South African people, for the South African people, in solidarity with people all over the world affected by HIV and AIDS. TAC members - mostly women, young, HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 7

black and poor - took on South Africas former president and his administration, the local and international pharmaceutical industry, and the US government, and they won. How did they do it? Thats what a TAC history needs to explore. ***

Evaluation of a Peer Network-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Men in Beer Halls in Zimbabwe: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
by Katherine Fritz, Willi McFarland, Robert Wyrod et al. AIDS & Behavior, published online 5 March 2011 13 pp. 250 kB: http://www.springerlink.com/content/j81xg810h4614331/fulltext.pdf This article reports the outcomes of The Sahwira HIV Prevention Program, a malefocused, peer-based intervention promoting the idea that men can assist their friends in avoiding high-risk sexual encounters associated with alcohol drinking. The authors found no evidence of an impact of the intervention on their primary outcome measure: episodes of unprotected sex with non-wife partners in the preceding 6 months. There was also no evidence that the intervention reduced other risks for HIV. ***

Cost-Effectiveness of Early Versus Standard Antiretroviral Therapy in HIVInfected Adults in Haiti

by Serena P. Koenig, Heejung Bang, Patrice Severe et al. PLoS Med 8(9): e1001095 (20 September 2011) 11 pp. 191 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=728B22BC2A091135DC3F7 A537BAF0543.ambra02?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001095&representation=PDF

In a randomized clinical trial of early versus standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIVinfected adults with a CD4 cell count between 200 and 350 cells/mm3 in Haiti, early ART decreased mortality by 75%. The authors assessed the cost-effectiveness of early versus standard ART in this trial and conclude that it was cost-effective (US$/YLS <3 times gross domestic product per capita) after a maximum of 3 years, after excluding research-related laboratory tests. ***

Exploring antiretroviral treatment adherence in an urban setting in South Africa

by Jane Goudge and Bulelwa Ngoma Journal of Public Health Policy (2011) 32, S52-S64 13 pp. 84 kB:
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp/journal/v32/n1s/pdf/jphp201122a.pdf

Antiretroviral treatment requires high levels of adherence to be effective. This qualitative study explores the reasons for poor adherence among 22 purposively selected poor urban participants in South Africa. The authors conclude that multi-dimensional, intersectoral programs that tackle the social determinants of health, such as food insecurity, HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 8

poverty, gendered inequities, and treatment adherence are more likely to be successful, than single interventions to support adherence. ***

Fertility in African communities affected by HIV

Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Knowledge Services with partners in the ALPHA Network, September 2011 4 pp. 173 kB:
http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/1109/6016%20IDS%20Highlight%20Leaflet.pdf

This Studies of HIV in African communities Highlights includes findings and recommendations around the topic of fertility in African communities affected by HIV. This publication is based on the research which came out of the ALPHA Networks seventh workshop on HIV & Fertility: an examination of the bio-social and behavioural impacts of HIV on fertility, held in Tanzania in April 2011. ***

Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study
by Renee Heffron, Deborah Donnell, Helen Rees et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases; Early Online Publication, 4 October 2011 8 pp. 106 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS147330991170247X.pdf

Hormonal contraceptives are used widely but their effects on HIV-1 risk are unclear. The authors conclude that women should be counselled about potentially increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission with hormonal contraception, especially injectable methods, and about the importance of dual protection with condoms to decrease HIV-1 risk. Non-hormonal or low-dose hormonal contraceptive methods should be considered for women with or at-risk for HIV-1. ***

Enabling legal environments for effective HIV responses: A leadership challenge for the Commonwealth
by John Godwin International HIV/AIDS Alliance (Alliance) in collaboration with the Commonwealth HIV and AIDS Action Group (CHAAG), November 2010 64 pp. 902 kB: http://www.aidsalliance.org/includes/Publication/Enabling-legalenvironments-for-effective-HIV-responses.pdf The report describes developments affecting legal environments related to people living with HIV and most-at-risk populations. It provides examples of human rights based approaches, and sets out an agenda for action relating to advocacy, community mobilis ation, law reform and law enforcement. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 9

The Uptake and Accuracy of Oral Kits for HIV Self-Testing in High HIV Prevalence Setting: A Cross-Sectional Feasibility Study in Blantyre, Malawi
by Augustine Talumba Choko, Nicola Desmond, Emily L. Webb et al. PLoS Med 8(10): e1001102 (4 October 2011) 11 pp. 479 kB: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi %2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001102&representation=PDF A major constraint in scaling up community and home-based HIV testing and counselling (HTC) services is the unacceptability of receiving HTC from a provider known personally to prospective clients. The authors investigated the potential of supervised oral HIV self-testing from this perspective. They conclude that it was highly acceptable and accurate, although minor errors and need for supervisory support were common. This novel option has potential for high uptake at local community level if it can be supervised and safely linked to counselling and care.

Sexual & Reproductive Health Sexual Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Desk Review
by Juan Manuel Contreras, Sarah Bott, Elizabeth Dartnall et al. Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI), March 2010 92 pp. 530 kB: http://www.svri.org/SexualViolenceLACaribbean.pdf This document reviews what is known about sexual violence in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It aims to explore the magnitude, patterns and risk factors assoc iated with sexual violence, as well as the legal and policy frameworks, womens r esponses to sexual violence, access to services and service responses, promising interventions, research gaps and priorities for future research. ***

Clueless or clued-up: Your right to be informed about contraception

International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), 2011 52 pp. 1.8 MB: http://www.ippf.org/NR/rdonlyres/BA30AEF4-2C7C-40F6-B8C7BFFC882F8333/5706/CluelessOrCluedUpReport.pdf Young people are still having unprotected sex with new partners for a variety of reasons and knowledge of effective and reliable contraceptive methods is less than optimal. In some countries included in the survey, the situation appears to be getting worse year on year. The aim of the report is to provide an international picture of the survey respondents sexual behaviour, how much they currently understand about the contraceptive options available to them and their partner and where they obtain information on contr aceptive options and preventing pregnancy. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 10

Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in The Gambia, Evidence into Action
by Adriana Kaplan, Suiberto Hechavarria, Miguel Martin et al. Reproductive Health 2011, 8:26 (3 October 2011) 23 pp. 221 kB: http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/pdf/1742-4755-8-26.pdf Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful traditional practice with severe health complications, deeply rooted in many Sub-Saharan African countries. In The Gambia, the prevalence of FGM/C is 78.3 % in women aged between 15 and 49 years. This study shows that FGM/C is still practiced in all the six regions of The Gambia, the most common form being type I, followed by type II. All forms of FGM/C, including type I, produce significantly high percentages of complications, especially infections. ***

Inter-agency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings

Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises, 2010 222 pp. 4.4 MB: http://www.iawg.net/IAFM%202010.pdf Reproductive Health (RH) officers and RH programme managers in humanitarian settings are the primary audience for the Field Manual. RH service providers (doctors, nurses, midwives, etc.) will also find useful information, although the manual does not contain detailed clinical guidance. Community services officers, protection officers and others working to meet the needs of affected women, young people and men will also benefit from the guidance offered in this document. ***

Using research to influence sexual and reproductive health practice and implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case-study analysis
by Olivia Tulloch, Philippe Mayaud, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie et al. Health Research Policy and Systems 2011, 9(Suppl 1):S10 (16 June 2011) 12 pp. 349 kB: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/pdf/1478-4505-9-S1-S10.pdf Research institutions and donor organizations are giving growing attention to how research evidence is communicated to influence policy. In the area of sexual and reproductive health and HIV there is less weight given to understanding how evidence is successfully translated into practice. The case-studies illustrate the importance of long-term engagement between researchers and policy makers and how to use evidence to develop policies which are sensitive to context: political, cultural and practical. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 11

Sex work and womens movements

by Svati P. Shah CREA, 2011 44 pp. 445 kB: http://web.creaworld.org/files/f2.pdf There is growing recognition that womens and sex workers movements must recognise their commonalities in terms of concerns and constituencies. But, this paper argues, there are still strong political differences between the two movements. The author sets out to address these issues, considering the development of sex workers movements over the last two decades alongside the historical context of feminist discourses on violence against women, and particularly, human trafficking.

Maternal & Child Health Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015
by Igor Rudan, Shams El Arifeen, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta et al. PLoS Med 8(9): e1001099 (27 September 2011) 10 pp. 274 kB: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi %2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001099&representation=PDF This paper aims to identify health research priorities that could assist the rate of progress in childhood pneumonia mortality reduction globally. Forty-five leading childhood pneumonia researchers suggested more than 500 research ideas, which were merged into 158 research questions that spanned the broad spectrum of epidemiological research, health policy and systems research, improvement of existing interventions, and development of new interventions. Among the new interventions, the greatest support was shown for the development of low-cost conjugate vaccines and cross-protective common protein vaccines against the pneumococcus. ***

Analysing Commitments to Advance the Global Strategy for Womens and Childrens Health
The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH), 2011 60 pp. 3.3 MB: http://www.who.int/entity/pmnch/topics/part_publications/pmnch_re port_2011_-_21_09_11_low.pdf This document presents an introductory analysis of the financial, policy and servicedelivery commitments to the Global Strategy for Womens and Childrens Health in order to inform discussion and to support further advocacy, action and accountability. In doing so, the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH) seeks to catalyse further commitments by identifying opportunities for greater action, as well as promote the implementation of existing commitments.

HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 12

Child Development in Developing Countries (2)

The Lancet, 23 September 2011 http://www.thelancet.com/series/child-development-in-developingcountries-2 Four years after The Lancet published a first Series on early child development, the challenge of supporting 200 million children under five years to reach their developmental potential remains. A new Series of two papers and a Comment now documents pr ogress worldwide. The Series aims to identify gaps in implementation and coverage of interventions, calculate the economic costs of missed investment in early learning pr ogrammes, and present new evidence on the causes and effects of developmental inequities in early childhood. ***

Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development
by Susan P Walker, Theodore D Wachs, Sally Grantham-McGregor et al. The Lancet, Vol. 378, Issue 9799, pp. 1325-1338, 8 October 2011 14 pp. 239 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611605552.pdf Without the threats of biological and psychosocial risks, and with a care giving environment that supports cognitive and social-emotional development, children experience healthy brain development that enables them to reach toward their developmental potential. Interventions to reduce risks and support early child development will yield lif etime gains that contribute to the achievement and sustainability of improved development in the next generation. By investing in early child development programmes, we have an opportunity to break the cycle of inequities that has dominated the lives of millions of children and families in low-income and middle-income countries.

Malaria Malaria in Africa Can Be Eliminated

by Carlos C. Campbell and Richard W. Steketee Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 85(4), October 2011, pp. 584-585 2 pp. 407 kB: http://www.ajtmh.org/content/85/4/584.full.pdf+html A concerted effort to control malaria in Africa has produced dramatic reductions in childhood death in the past decade. This early success has prompted the global community to commit to eradication of malaria deaths and eventually all transmission. Evidence suggests that this is a feasible goal using currently available interventions, augmented with newer tools such as vaccines, which are in development. Malaria deaths are e ntirely preventable now, and our sustained political and financial commitment to continue to prevent these deaths hangs in the balance. See also Bart Knolss blog at: http://www.malariaworld.org/blog/malaria-can-be-eliminated-africa *** HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 13

Knowledge and malaria treatment practices using artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in Malawi: survey of health professionals
by Linda V Kalilani-Phiri, Douglas Lungu, Renia Coghlan Malaria Journal 2011, 10:279 (22 September 2011) 26 pp. 233 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-279.pdf Due to increased resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), the Ministry of Health in Malawi, as in many sub-Saharan African countries, changed the malaria treatment policy to use artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and perceptions of Malawian medical doctors and pharmacists on the use of ACT and the drivers of treatment choice and clinical treatment decisions. The authors conclude that there is need for more training of health care professionals to ensure correct and effective use of ACT. ***

Use of mefloquine in children - a review of dosage, pharmacokinetics and tolerability data

by Patricia Schlagenhauf, Miriam Adamcova, Loredana Regep et al. Malaria Journal 2011, 10:292 (7 October 2011) 29 pp. 678 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-292.pdf Use of anti-malarial medication in children is hampered by a paucity of dosage, pharmacokinetic and tolerability data. Data on the use of mefloquine in children, particularly in young children weighing less than 20 kg, were reviewed using PubMed literature and reports on file. The authors conclude that currently available data provide a scientific basis for the use of mefloquine in small children in the chemoprophylaxis setting and as a part of treatment regimens in children living in endemic areas. ***

Community-owned resource persons for malaria vector control: enabling factors and challenges in an operational programme in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
by Chaki PP, Dongus S, Fillinger U, Kelly A, Killeen GF Human Resources for Health 2011, 9:21 (28 September 2011) 40 pp. 233 kB: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-9-21.pdf Community participation in vector control and health services in general is of great interest to public health practitioners in developing countries, but remains complex and poorly understood. The Urban Malaria Control Program (UMCP) in Dar es Salaam, implements larval control of malaria vector mosquitoes. Improved employment conditions as well as involving the local health committees in recruiting individual program staff, communication and community engagement skills are required to optimize achieving effective community participation, particularly to improve access to fenced compounds. *** HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 14

Malaria Control in Schools

A toolkit on effective education sector responses to malaria in Africa by Simon Brooker, Donald Bundy, Jee-Peng Tan et al. Partnership for Child Development; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme; The World Bank, December 2009 60 pp. 814 kB: http://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Documents/Malaria%20Toolkit% 20for%20Schools%202009.pdf This toolkit shares practical information and experiences related to the control of malaria in schools, including technical and policy advice on malaria, as well as how countries can plan and implement school-based malaria interventions. The toolkit was designed to help policymakers, health professionals, educationalists, researchers, donors, and nongovernmental organisations to implement country-led plans for school malaria programmes. ***

Treatment guided by rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Tanzanian children: safety and alternative bacterial diagnoses
by George Mtove, Ilse CE Hendriksen, Ben Amos et al. Malaria Journal 2011, 10:290 (6 October 2011) 23 pp. 138 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-290.pdf WHO guidelines for the treatment of young children with suspected malaria have recently changed from presumptive treatment to anti-malarial treatment guided by a blood slide or malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). However, there is limited evidence of the safety of this policy in routine outpatient settings in Africa. The authors conclude that use of RDTs to direct the use of anti-malarial drugs in young children did not result in any missed diagnoses of malaria although new infections soon after a consultation with a negative RDT result may undermine confidence in results. ***

Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection (Review)
by A. Enayati, J. Hemingway, P. Garner The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 3 19 pp. 828 kB: http://www.malariaworld.org/sites/default/files/CD005434_7.pdf Electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs) are marketed to prevent mosquitoes biting and to prevent malaria. Ten field entomological studies met the studies inclusion criteria. All 10 studies found that there was no difference in the number of mosquitoes caught from the bare body parts of the human participants with or without an EMR. No randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of EMR on malaria infection were found. ***

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Tuberculosis Core Curriculum on Tuberculosis: What the Clinician Should Know

Fifth Edition 2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011 316 pp. 5.0 MB: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/corecurr/pdf/corecurr_all.pdf The publication presents information about tuberculosis (TB) for healthcare professionals. It is intended for use as a reference manual for clinicians caring for persons with or at high risk for TB disease or infection. In addition, it was designed to be useful in developing educational programs. It is not meant to provide detailed answers to all public health or clinical questions about TB, nor is it meant as a substitute for any specific guidelines. ***

Evaluation of Tuberculosis Program in India

WHO Report by Aime De Muynck, David Berger, Tim Clary et al. United States Agency for International Development (USAID), April 2011 60 pp. 675 kB: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACR864.pdf All of India has been covered with directly observed therapy, short course (DOTS), services since March 2006; targets of seventy percent case detection and eighty-five percent cure rate of new smear positive cases have already been met for several years. Nevertheless, there is no proof that the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program has had an epidemiological impact. Given that a significant fraction of the Indian population, including the poorest segments, consult private practitioners, an epidemiological impact can be reached only if the private sector becomes fully involved in TB diagnosis and care.

Other Infectious Diseases Infection Prevention: A reference booklet for health care providers
2nd Edition by Mark Barone, Carmela Cordero, Levent Cagatay et al. EngenderHealth, 2011 103 pp. 900 kB: http://www.engenderhealth.org/files/pubs/qi/ip/ip-ref-eng.pdf This revised and updated handbook covers infection prevention topics including handwashing, gloving, aseptic technique, use and disposal of sharps, instrument processing, housekeeping, and waste disposal. The booklet continues to present practical recommendations for simple and relatively low-cost procedures that can be implemented anywhere, with basic supplies and little to no high-technology equipment. *** HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 16

Non-communicable Diseases Understanding chronic non-communicable diseases in Latin America: towards an equity-based research agenda
by Fernando G De Maio Globalization and Health 2011, 7:36 (7 October 2011) 29 pp. 173 kB: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/pdf/1744-8603-7-36.pdf Although chronic non-communicable diseases are traditionally depicted as diseases of affluence, growing evidence suggests they strike along the fault lines of social inequa lity. This paper reviews the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in the Latin American region and examines key myths surrounding their prevalence and distribution. It argues that a social justice approach rooted in the idea of health inequity needs to be at the core of research in this area, and concludes with discussion of a new approach to guide empirical research, the average/deprivation/inequality framework.

Essential Medicines In-roads to the spread of antibiotic resistance: regional patterns of microbial transmission in northern coastal Ecuador
by Joseph N. S. Eisenberg, Jason Goldstick, William Cevallos et al. J. R. Soc. Interface published online 28 September, 2011 11 pp. 646 kB: http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/09/21/rsif.2 011.0499.full.pdf The construction of a new road in a previously roadless area of northern coastal Ecuador provides a valuable natural experiment to study how changes in the social and natural environment affect the epidemiology of resistant Escherichia coli. The model analysis suggests that both transmission and the rate of introduction of resistant bacteria into communities may contribute to the observed regional scale antibiotic resistance patterns, and that village-level antibiotic use rate determines which of these two factors predominate.

Social Protection Targeting the Poorest: An assessment of the proxy means test methodology
by Stephen Kidd, Emily Wylde, Zoltan Tiba et al. Commonwealth of Australia - AusAID, September 2011 52 pp. 1.7 MB: http://www.ausaid.gov.au/keyaid/pdf/targeting-poorest.pdf The purpose of this study is to help AusAID staff, their counterparts in partner governments and others working in the field of social protection to better understand the HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 17

strengths and weaknesses of a targeting methodology known as the proxy means test (PMT). As social protection practitioners search for effective ways to target poor people in developing countries, proxy means testing has become increasingly popular. The methodology estimates household income by associating indicators or proxies with household expenditure or consumption. This study assesses its accuracy, objectivity, transparency and ease of implementation. ***

Social Protection Diagnostic and Forward Agenda UNICEF Nigeria

by Rebecca Holmes and Jenny Morgan Overseas Development Institute (ODI), 2011 The objective of this study is to conduct a rapid diagnostic of the social protection sector as it pertains to women and children with the objective of supporting the Government of Nigeria in its commitment to strengthening its social security services, as set out in the draft national Social Security policy of August 2009, and assisting UNICEF in the development of a forward agenda in the country. For briefing papers 59 - 63 in the ODI Project Briefings publication series covering the above ODI project see: http://www.odi.org.uk/work/projects/details.asp?id=2311&title=social-protectiondiagnostic-forward-agenda-unicef-nigeria ***

The Brazilian experience with conditional cash transfers: A successful way to reduce inequity and to improve health
by Leonor Maria Pacheco Santos, Romulo Paes-Sousa, Edina Miazagi et al. Background paper: WHO - World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, 19-21 October 2011, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 16 pp. 956 kB: http://www.who.int/sdhconference/resources/draft_background_paper1_brazil.pdf The use of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) as an instrument of social policy reflects the widespread belief in Brazil that people are poor due to the fault of an unjust soc iety. Conditional Cash Transfer programs have been used both to promote social development and to respond to humanitarian needs. Within a span of 10 years CCT has become the social intervention of choice in Latin America, which has set examples in this respect for other developing regions. For more background papers for the conference see: http://www.who.int/sdhconference/en/ ***

Access to Insurance Initiative: Inside the Initiative

Access to Insurance Initiative and GIZ Sector Project Financial Systems Approaches to Insurance, September 2011 28 pp. 1.5 MB:
https://www.access-toinsurance.org/fileadmin/data_storage/documents/internal_documents/Inside_2011_09_22.pdf

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The Access to Insurance Initiative, which aims to enhance broad-based, demandoriented and sustainable access to insurance for low-income clients, launches the first of its "Inside" publications. This edition introduces the Initiative by presenting its goal, aspirations and activities to partners and all interested parties. It also provides details on the Initiative's four key activity areas and sets out some of the achievements from the first 2 years of the organisation, explaining how the organisation functions, while also highlighting the plans for the future.

Human Resources Employee Wellness Programme Peer Educators Manual

by Gordon Freer, Brigitte Jordan Harder, Ramona Wong-Grnwald Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Office Harare, Zimbabwe, 2011 66 pp. 1.2 MB:
http://german-practice-collection.org/en/download-centre/doc_download/974

The manual aims to guide trained peer educators on how to effectively share health related information with their peers. It describes the purpose of an employee wellness programme and the peer educators role in this programme, highlights certain characte ristics of good peer education, contains training material and interactive methods for each training session, and provides standardised monitoring and evaluation tools to follow up on expected outputs and outcomes. ***

Paying health workers for performance in Battagram district, Pakistan

by Sophie Witter, Tehzeeb Zulfiqar, Sarah Javeed et al. Human Resources for Health 2011, 9:23 (7 October 2011) 38 pp. 415 kB: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-9-23.pdf There is a growing interest in using pay-for-performance mechanisms in low and middleincome countries in order to improve the performance of health care providers. This art icle presents the results of an evaluation of a project managed by an international nongovernmental organisation in one district of Pakistan. It aims to contribute to learning about the design and implementation of pay-for-performance systems and their impact on health worker motivation.

Health Systems & Research Health Policy and Systems Research in Twelve Eastern Mediterranean Countries: A Stocktaking of Production and Gaps (2000-2008)
by Fadi El-Jardali, Diana Jamal, Nour Ataya et al. Health Research Policy and Systems 2011, 9:39 (7 October 2011)

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40 pp. 2.6 MB: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/pdf/1478-4505-9-39.pdf The objectives of this study are to: [1] profile the production of Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) published between 2000 and 2008 in 12 countries in the Eas tern Mediterranean Region (EMR): Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen; [2] identify gaps; and [3] assess the extent to which existing HPSR produced in the region addresses regional priorities pertaining to Health Financing, Human Resources for Health and the Role of the NonState Sector. This is the first stocktaking paper of HPSR production and gaps in the EMR. ***

Adaptation of a probabilistic method (InterVA) of verbal autopsy to improve the interpretation of cause of stillbirth and neonatal death in Malawi, Nepal, and Zimbabwe
by Stefania Vergnano, Edward Fottrell, David Osrin et al. Population Health Metrics 2011, 9:48 (9 august 2011) 9 pp. 269 kB: http://www.pophealthmetrics.com/content/pdf/1478-7954-9-48.pdf Verbal autopsy (VA) is a widely used method for analyzing cause of death in absence of vital registration systems. The authors adapted the InterVA method to extrapolate causes of death for stillbirths and neonatal deaths from verbal autopsy questionnaires. They conclude that the modified InterVA method provides plausible results for stillbirths and newborn deaths, broadly comparable to physician review but with the advantage of internal consistency.

Information & Communication Technology Mobile Phones & Information Technology - How these tech tools can aid in the push to meet the MDGs
Southern Innovator, Issue 1 - May 2011 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 60 pp. 11.9 MB(!):
http://www.scribd.com/document_downloads/direct/57980406?extension=pdf&ft=1317323356&lt=1317326966&uahk=UsXfHEfvOIgtJN6/ujAVt87Smuo

Southern Innovator is a new magazine for a fast-changing world. It profiles and celebrates the innovators across the global South finding new ways to tackle poverty, create wealth and improve human development and achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs). In its first issue, Southern Innovator features the people who are reshaping new technologies - from mobile phone apps to Internet technologies - to overcome poverty and to improve the quality of life in some of the poorest places on earth. ***

Open Access Week 24-30 October, 2011

by Tom Olijhoek, 6 October, 2011

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Read online at: http://www.malariaworld.org/blog/open-access-week-24-30-october-2011 Access to information is a basic human right. Free exchange of scientific information forms the basis for economic, cultural, social and scientific development. Unfortunately the free exchange of information is severely compromised by the restricted access model of scientific publishers and the dependency of scientists on the publication of r esults in high impact restricted access journals. We can not allow the world to be divided into those with ready access to knowledge and its benefits, and those without. But we are not powerless.

Harm Reduction and Drug Use Smoke-free Movies: From Evidence to Action
2nd Edition by Barbara Zolty, Armando Peruga, Gemma Vestal et al. World Health Organization, Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI), September 2011 43 pp. 1.0 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502399_eng.pdf Imagery emanating from motion pictures continues to provide misleadingly positive impressions of tobacco use. These images have now been identified as a cause of smoking initiation among adolescents. This document summarizes current knowledge about smoking in movies, as well as current and proposed approaches to reduce the impact of this imagery. The report aims to help countries understand the basis for taking action to limit the depiction of smoking in movies. ***

Estimates of HIV incidence among drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: continued growth of a rapidly expanding epidemic
by Linda M. Niccolai, Sergei V. Verevochkin, Olga V. Toussova et al. Eur J Public Health (2011) 21 (5): 613-619 7 pp. 289 kB: http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/5/613.full.pdf+html Russia has one of the worlds fastest growing HIV epidemics and it has been largely concentrated among injection drug users (IDU). St Petersburg, Russias second largest city, is one of the countrys regions that has been most affected by the HIV epidemic. The authors conclude that high HIV incidence among IDU in St Petersburg attests to continued growth of the epidemic. The need for expansion of HIV prevention interventions targeted to vulnerable populations throughout the city is urgent.

Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals after 2015: No goals yet
by Claire Melamed Overseas Development Institute, September 2011 HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 21

2 pp. 101 kB: http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/5981.pdf Its about 1,500 days until the end of 2015, when the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are supposed to have been met. Some will be, some wont be. But whatever happens, the MDGs have been a huge influence on the development debate since they were agreed in 2001. They will leave a big gap on 1 January 2016. And not surprisingly, people are already trying to figure out how to fill it.

Development Assistance Aid Effectiveness 2005-10: Progress in Implementing the Paris Declaration
by Marjolaine Nicod, Robin Ogilvy, Rinko Jogo et al. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), September 2011 Part I (106 pp. 1.3 MB): http://www.aideffectiveness.org/busanhlf4/images/stories/hlf4/Prog ress_Since_Paris_Part_I.pdf Part II -Statistical Appendices (94 pp. 1.5 MB):
http://www.aideffectiveness.org/busanhlf4/images/stories/hlf4/Progress_Since_Paris_Part_II.pdf

The report draws on the results of the 2011 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration, building on similar surveys undertaken in 2006 and 2008. The results are sobering. At the global level, only one out of the 13 targets established for 2010 - co-ordinated technical co-operation (a measure of the extent to which donors co-ordinate their efforts to support countries capacity development objectives) - has been met, albeit by a narrow margin. Nonetheless, it is important to note that considerable progress has been made towards many of the remaining 12 targets. ***

The Performance Assessment Framework of Development Partners (DPPAF) in Ghana: Baseline Report 2008/09
by Samuel Nii-Noi Ashong and Richard Gerster Report to the Government of Ghana and the Development Partners, July 2010 107 pp. 1.6 MB: http://www.gersterconsulting.ch/docs/Baseline%20report%20DP-PAF%20final.pdf Ghana started developing a Performance Assessment Framework of Development Partners (DP-PAF) during 2009/2010. Ghana is one of several developing countries (like Mozambique or Rwanda) measuring the performance of donors in a precise framework. The DP-PAF as a contextualised national tool but harmonised with the international efforts has the particular merit that it can be continued independently from the decisions taken in Busan, Korea (29 November to 1 December 2011) where delegates review global progress in improving the impact and effectiveness of aid. ***

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How DAC members work with civil society organisations: An overview

by Jenny Hedman, Ida Mc Donnell, Anna Clancy et al. OECD Development Co-operation Directorate (DCD-DAC), October 2011 62 pp. 2.3 MB: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/22/48785180.pdf In the Accra Agenda for Action (2008), donors and developing country governments committed to deepening their engagement with civil society organisations (CSOs). This requires a broad understanding of CSOs as development actors in their own right, and as aid donors, recipients and partners. The publication examines why donors think it is important to work with CSOs, the ways they provide funds and the challenges they encounter. ***

Developing an NGO corruption risk management system: Considerations for donors

by Marijana Trivunovic, Jesper Johnsn, Harald Mathisen U4 Issue No. 9, September 2011 34 pp. 1.4 MB: http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/4169-developing-an-ngocorruption-risk-management.pdf The U4 has launched a new publication on how donors and NGOs can better assess and management the risk of corruption. NGOs are often on the front line of aid delivery, managing a significant proportion of aid funds. The risk of corruption in NGO operations is therefore a significant concern. Yet so far, many international donors and the NGOs themselves have not taken a comprehensive approach to managing these corruption risks. Based on an analysis of the systems of four donor agencies and four international NGOs, this report distills good practices for NGO corruption risk management systems. ***

Producing Home Grown Solutions: Think Tanks and Knowledge Networks in International Development
by Ajoy Datta and John Young Development Outreach, September 2011 2 pp. 1.8 MB: http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/Data/wbi/wbicms/files/drupalacquia/wbi/datta_young.pdf Mainstream international development discourse has long heralded the importance of home grown solutions and national ownership of development policies. Ownership has been seen as the missing link between the significant development aid inflows from the North and poverty reduction outcomes in the South. However, this goes counter to the fact that much of development knowledge is dominated by the North, mainly by international institutions that are largely controlled by the North, and by donor agencies which exercise considerable influence on Southern governments, particularly the poorer ones. ***

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Others Population Reference Bureaus (PRBs) Population Handbook

6th edition, 2011 by Arthur Haupt, Thomas T. Kane, and Carl Haub Population Reference Bureau, October 2011 36 pp. 329 kB: http://www.prb.org/pdf11/prb-population-handbook-2011.pdf This updated 6th edition of PRB's Population Handbook explains demographic terms to journalists, policymakers, teachers, students, and others who need to understand and communicate about population. ***

Health Situation Analysis in the African Region

Atlas of Health Statistics, 2011 World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, 2011 117 pp. 8.3 MB: http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ download&gid=7011 Basic data and statistics are at the core of all health systems. Without them, it would be impossible to analyse evidence and extract action-oriented knowledge for decision making. This publication presents in numerical and graphical formats the best data available for key health indicators in the 46 countries of WHOs African Region. ***

Health in the Green Economy: Health Co-benefits of Climate Change Mitigation - Housing Sector
by Carlos Dora, Elaine Ruth Fletcher, Nathalie Rbbel et al. World Health Organization, 2011 134 pp. 3.4 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501712_eng.pdf This report considers the scientific evidence regarding possible health gains and, where relevant, health risks of climate change mitigation measures in the residential housing sector. The report is one in a Health in the Green Economy series led by WHOs Department of Public Health and Environment. The aim is to provide health-oriented review of mitigation strategies around which broad scientific consensus already exists as to impact and feasibility. ***

Handbook for national action plans on violence against women

by Lara Fergus, Rachael Green and Erin Richardson UN Women New York, 2011

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79 pp. 1.2 MB: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/handbook-for-nap-on-vaw.pdf The Handbook presents a model framework for national action plans on violence against women, which sets out detailed recommendations, accompanied by explanatory commentaries and good practice examples. It brings together current knowledge on effective policy for the prevention of, and response to, violence against women, and concretely demonstrates how States have developed and implemented such policy in their own contexts. It is based on good practices in States plans and the advice of experts from different countries and regions.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
British Library for Development Studies - Digital Library
http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3 The portal offers full-text copies of developing country research from the shelves of the British Library for Development Studies (BLDS). These publications have been made available online to a global audience through partnership agreements between BLDS and research institutes in Africa and Asia. ***

Bulletin of the World Health Organization - Volume 89, Number 10, October 2011, 701-776
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/10/en/index.html This months issue of the Bulletin has a special focus on the social determinants of health to coincide with the international conference on this topic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 19-21 October. The editorials reflect the views of Michael Marmot, who chaired the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health in 2005, and of Rdiger Krech, the director of the Department of Ethics, Equity, Trade and Human Rights at WHO. Krech also joins his colleague Kumanan Rasanathan in a perspective that calls for more action on social factors to combat noncommunicable diseases. ***

Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database

http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators This site provides a comprehensive listing of the most widely used indicators for evaluating family planning and reproductive health programmes in developing countries. The database contains definitions, data requirements, data sources, purposes, and issues for core indicators along with links to other websites and documents containing additional family planning and reproductive health indicators. ***

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Procurement & Supply Management Toolbox

http://www.psmtoolbox.org/en/index.php The Procurement & Supply Management (PSM) Toolbox is a WHO/AMDS repository of tools, in collaboration with i+Solutions, for health professionals working on PSM and other public health related areas. The database contains PSM tools and resource documents for ARVs, TB & Malaria medicines and several other health commodities. A downloadable version allows users to make use of the tools in areas without internet access.

INTERESTING WEB SITES

Using qualitative approaches to health systems research
http://curatiofoundation.org/qualitativemethods/ This web site is designed to support researchers and students planning a small and medium scale qualitative study in health systems or health services or training research teams and students in the use of qualitative methods. Guidance is designed to support either in depth studies in one setting or comparative studies across different health care systems or across different settings within a country. ***

Prevention Resources for People Living with HIV

http://www.plhivpreventionresources.org/ The purpose of this website is to help program and policy planners design, develop and deliver effective clinic or community-based HIV prevention programs to ensure that all HIV-positive persons have access to evidencebased, comprehensive HIV prevention services in order to protect their own health and the health of their partner(s) and families.

CONFERENCES
Report - 5th International Microinsurance Conference 2009: Making insurance work for the poor
3 - 5 November 2009, Dakar, Senegal Edited by Zahid Qureshi and Dirk Reinhard Munich Re Foundation and the Microinsurance Network, September 2011 72 pp. 4.3 MB: http://www.microinsurancenetwork.org/publication/fichier/5_Conference_Report.pdf The International Microinsurance Conference was jointly hosted by the Munich Re Foundation and the Microinsurance Network. One of the key objectives of the Conference is the sharing of experience across different continents and discussing current practices and lessons learnt. For the first time, special sessions to discuss scientific r esearch on microinsurance were organized. This was very well received and will therefore become an integral component of the conference. HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 26

Geneva Health Forum

18 - 20 April 2012, Geneva, Switzerland A Critical Shift to Chronic Conditions: Learning From the Frontliners Chronic diseases are of growing importance. While non-communicable diseases currently seem to be capturing the agenda, both chronic infectious and non-infectious diseases, pose major challenges to health systems in high and low-incomes countries in stable and emergency situations. The need for a multi-sectorial response has never been greater. These challenges present new opportunities for science and technology to contribute to the improvement of access to health. For more information about the conference see: http://www.ghf12.org/?page_id=396

CARTOON

TIPS & TRICKS

Windows 7: Using Arrow Keys for Windows Snap
Windows 7 has quite a few neat tricks up its sleeve. Open up a programme and hold your Windows key (the Windows key is the one located between your Ctrl and Alt keys on your keyboard and has the Windows logo emblazoned on it). But this trick is only for Windows 7 users. Hold your Windows key and press one of the direction arrows on your keyboard: Windows Key + Left Arrow - Snaps the current window towards the left side of the screen. Windows Key + Right Arrow - Snaps the current window towards the right side of the screen. Windows Key + Up - Maximizes the current Window. HESP-News & Notes - 21/2011 - page 27

Windows Key + Down - Send the current Window to a compact state. Press again to minimize. Note: Once the window is minimized, you need to click on it again if you want to access it. ***

Another Way to Save Internet Images

As many of you already know, saving images from the Internet to your computer has always been a matter of right-clicking and choosing Save Image As, which is pretty easy by itself. Yet, there is an even quicker way, and it works in Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome! In one of these browsers just click on an image that strikes your fancy. Now, make sure that your browser window is small enough (e.g. by using the above Windows Snap trick) so that you can still see your desktop, then click and drag the image to your desktop. Thats all there is to it! No right-clicking or saving-as just drag and drop to your desktop and you are done.

Best regards, Dieter Neuvians MD

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