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POGIL: Heating and Radiating We have learned about two ways to transfer energy to a system: working and heating.

In the previous lab/demo we observed several mechanisms of heating. In this POGIL we will learn about how some of these mechanisms work and introduce a third way to transfer energy, by radiating. Energy Transfer by Heating and Radiating Conduction

80C

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The two blocks above transfer energy by conduction because they are in direct contact with each other. Conduction is considered to be a method of heating. Energy is transferred via vibrating atoms or molecules colliding with other atoms or molecules. How quickly the blocks transfer energy depends upon the material they are made of. Metals tend to transfer energy quickly because their electrons are very mobile. Matter with less mobile electrons do not transfer energy as quickly and are called insulators. Convection

In the picture above, water is heated on a stove top and is transferring energy throughout the pot through convection. Convection is considered to be another method of heating. Heating is occurring because the fluid itself is moving, thereby carrying energy to different parts of the system. As blobs of matter change temperature, their density (mass per unit of volume) changes and forces them up or down. Radiating

The picture above shows the burner of an electric oven that is transferring energy by radiating. Radiating is a method of energy transfer that we will consider to be separate from working and heating. Radiating raises or lowers the thermal energy of an object by emitting or absorbing electromagnetic waves. Recall that electromagnetic waves are partly electric and partly magnetic in their characteristics. Examples include light, infrared, radio waves, ultraviolet, and X-rays. All objects with a temperature greater than 0 K radiate.

1. What is the difference between working, heating, and radiation?

2. Create a Venn diagram of the three modes of energy transfer described above (conduction, convection, and radiation). The diagram should show what characteristics are unique to each mode, what each pair has in common, and what all three have in common.

3. Which modes transfer energy by heating?

4. Which modes require a medium to transfer energy? That is, which modes require the presence of matter surrounding the object?

5. Many older homes in Chicago and other metropolitan areas rely on hot water or steam to heat their homes. The hot water or steam is piped to metal radiators, like the one shown below, that are often placed under windows. Explain how the radiator transfers energy to the room.

6. In homes, much more insulation is placed in the attic than in the walls. What does this indicate about the main mode of energy transfer from the home to the outside (or vice-versa)? Identify other ways by which homes are insulated to slow the rate of energy transfer by heating.

7. The picture on the right shows smoke from an extinguished candle. Why does the smoke rise and then settle off?

8. Imogene is imagining the objects shown in the illustration below. Which of the objects continually transfer energy via radiating?

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