POGIL: Magnetic Forces We have already seen that magnetic fields are ultimately produced by moving charges, which

is what we call an electric current. We will now look at how magnetic fields exert forces on moving charges. The Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire The diagram below shows a uniform magnetic field B into the page (indicated by the s). A wire carries a conventional current I to the right at a 90 angle to the magnetic field. The length of the wire in the magnetic field is L. FB I B

The magnitude of the force FB that the magnetic field exerts on the wire is described by the equation F B =ILB sin , where is the angle between the wire and the magnetic field vector B. In the diagram above, = 90. The direction of the force exerted by the magnetic field on the wire is found using a right-hand rule. If you point your right hands pointing finger in the direction of conventional current and your middle finger the direction of the magnetic field B, your thumb points in the direction of the force. The righthand rule is illustrated in the picture below, on page 744 of your textbook, and can even be demonstrated by your friendly physics teacher. FB I

1. The unit of measurement of magnetic field strength is the Tesla (abbreviated T). In more basic units, a Tesla is equivalent to a Newton per Ampere-meter (N/A-m). Explain why.

2. The diagram below shows a wire carrying a current of 0.4 A to the left. A length of 0.25 m of the wire is in the presence of a magnetic field of 0.2 T into the page. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the wire. B = 0.2 T

0.25 m 0.4 A

3. The diagram below shows a wire carrying a current of 2.5 A toward the top of the page. A length of 2 m of the wire is in the presence of a magnetic field of 0.5 T out of the page (indicated by the dots). Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the wire. 2m B = 0.5 T

2.5 A

4. The diagram below shows a vertical wire of length 1 m with a current of 3 A flowing upward. The wire is in the presence of a magnetic field of 2 T upward. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the wire. B=2T 1m

3A 5. The diagram below shows a wire of length 0.3 m with a current of 3 A flowing at an angle of 30 to the horizontal. The wire is in the presence of a magnetic field of 2 T upward. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the wire. B=2T 30 3A

6. What is the angle between the magnetic field and magnetic force on a wire?

7. What is the angle between a wire and the magnetic force on a wire?

8. What conditions are required for a magnetic field to exert a magnetic force on a wire?

9. In the diagram below, a rigid vertical loop of wire is connected to a 20 kg battery. The loop of wire is a square 1.5 m on a side. B=5T battery A magnetic field penetrates through the upper portion of the loop, perpendicularly into to the diagram, so that the entire circuit levitates. (j) Does the current in the circuit run clockwise or counter-clockwise?

1.5 m

(k) What is the current in the circuit?