5 Differentiation

Ext5

Extension 1 Find the values of x for which the function f(x) ˆ x 4 ln x 4 is decreasing.
Exercise 5 2 The equation of a curve is y ˆ ln (x 2 4x).
a Sketch the curve.
b Show that the normals at x ˆ 1 and x ˆ 5 intersect at (2, 2:5 ‡ ln 5).
c Find the point of intersection of the tangents at x ˆ 1 and x ˆ 5.
3 The point A, with x-coordinate a, lies y

on the curve y ˆ e3x 1 and B is the point y ⫽ e3x ⫺ 1

(a, 0). The tangent to the curve at A
cuts the x-axis at P.

Show that PB ˆ 13 .
tangent at A

x
0 P B (a, 0)
p

4 Given that y ˆ ln x ‡ x 2 ‡ 1 , show that
dy 1
ˆ p
dx x ‡1
2

5 Find
d d d ex

a …ln ( ln x)† b …sin (sin x)† c e
dx dx dx
6 Investigate the nature of any stationary points on these curves, and comment on
any patterns.
a y ˆ xex b y ˆ x 2 ex c y ˆ x 3 ex d y ˆ x 4 ex e y ˆ x 5 ex
7 A curve is given by the equation y ˆ sin x(1 ‡ cos x) where 0 4 x 4 2p.
a Find the values of x for which y is zero.
b Find the exact coordinates of the stationary points on the curve.
c Sketch the curve.
8 A particle is moving along a straight line and its displacement x cm from a fixed
point O on the line at time t s is given by x ˆ 4(1 ‡ cos2 t).
Find the value of x where the velocity of the particle is a maximum.
9 The slant height of a right circular cone is a cm, where a is constant.
Show
q that the volume of the cone is a maximum when the radius of the base is
2
a 3
cm and find the maximum volume.

10 If y ˆ e3x sin 4x, show that

d2 y dy
6 ‡ 25y ˆ 0
dx 2 dx

A2 Core for Edexcel # Pearson Education Ltd. 2005 1

 5 Differentiation

11 Find the value of x in the range 0 4 x 4 2p for which ex sin x has a maximum
value.
d3 y
12 If y ˆ tan x, obtain an expression for in terms of y.
dx 3
dy
13 Show, from first principles, that if y ˆ cos x, then ˆ sin x.
dx
14 f n (x) stands for the nth differential coefficient of f(x) with respect to x.
Its value at x ˆ 0 is denoted by f n (0).
If f n (0) exists for all values of n, then f(x) can be written as an infinite series in
ascending powers of x using the Maclaurin series:
x2 2 x3 3 xn n
f(x) ˆ f(0) ‡ xf 1 (0) ‡ f (0) ‡ f (0) ‡


‡ f (0) ‡



2! 3! n!
Obtain the Maclaurin series, up to and including the term in x 3 , for each of
these functions.
a f(x) ˆ sin x b f(x) ˆ cos x c f(x) ˆ ln (1 ‡ x) d f(x) ˆ ex

2 A2 Core for Edexcel # Pearson Education Ltd. 2005