Paper 16

International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology,
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011

Indexed Absolute Banach Summability
of a Fourier Series
U.K.Misra, M.Misra and P.Samanta
Department of Mathematics, BerhampurUniversity
Berhampur-760 007, Orissa, India
umakanta_misra@yahoo.com
Principal, Government Science College,
Malkangiri, Orissa, India

and
Department of Mathematics, Gopalpur College,
Gopalpur on sea, Orissa,India.

Abstract
In this paper we establish a theorem on indexed Absolute
Banach Summabilty of a Fourier Series
Keywords: Absolute, Banach Summabilty, Fourier Series AMS
Classification: 40G05
1. Introduction
Let
n
u be an infinite series and let { }
n
s be the sequence of
partial sums. Let the sequence ( ) { } n t
r
be defined by
(1.1) ( ) . ,
1
1
0
=
+
e =
r
v
v n r
N r s
r
n t
Then ( ) n t
r
is to be the r-th element of the Banach transformed
sequence. If
(1.2) ( ) s n t
r
r
=

lim ,
a finite number, uniformly for N ne , then
n
u is said to be Banach
summable to s [1]. Further, if
September Issue Page 131 of 141 ISSN 2229 5216
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
(1.3) ( ) ( )
=
+
<
1
1
,
r
r r
n t n t
uniformly for N ne , then the series
n
u is said to be absolutely
Banach summable on simply B - summable.
For 1 > k , if
(1.4) ( ) ( )
=
+
<
1
1
1
r
k
r r
k
n t n t r
uniformly for N ne , then we shall say that
n
u is absolutely
Banach summable of index k or simply
k
B -summable.
Let f(t) be a t 2 -periodic function which is L-integrable in ( ) t t, .
Then the series
(1.5) ( ) ( )

=
+ +
1 0
0
sin cos
2
1
n n
n n
x A nx bn nx a a
is called the Fourier series of ( ) t f , where

( )
( )
( )

= =
= =
=
}
}
}
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
,... 2 , 1 , sin
1
,... 2 , 1 , cos
1
1
0
n xt nt t f b
n xt nt t f a
dt t f a
n
n

We denote ( ) ( ) ( ) { } t x f t x f t + + =
2
1
| .
2. Known Theorems
On dealing with B -summability of a Fourier series Misra and
Misra [4] proved that following theorems:
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
Theorem-A: If ( ) ( ) t | , 0 BV t e , then the Fourier series ( ) x A
n
of f(t) is
B -summable.
Theorem-B : Let { }
n
be a non-negative sequence of numbers such
that . <
n
n
If
(2.1)
( )
<
}
t
|
0
t
t
, then the
factored Fourier series ( ) x A
n n
is B -summable.
We shall generalize this results to
k
B -summability. We prove:
3. Main Result
Theorem-1: If ( ) ( ) t | , 0 BV t e , the Fourier series ( ) x A
n
of f(t) is
k
B -summable, 1 > k .
Theorem-2: If
(3.1)
( )
}
<
t
|
0
t
t
,
then the factored Fourier series ( ) x A
n n
is
k
B -summable, 1 > k , for
{ }
n
to be a non-negative, non-increasing sequence such that
<
n
k
n
n
.
4. Required Lemmas
We require the following lemmas for the proof of the theorem.
Lemma-1[3]: Let ( ) n t
r
be on defined in (1.1). Then
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
(4.1) ( ) ( )
( )

=
+ +
+
=
r
v
v n v r
u v
r r
n t n t
1
1
1
1

Lemma-2[2]: Let { }
n
p be a positive non-decreasing sequence of real
numbers and let
(
=
t
1
t , the for N b a e , ,
(4.2)
( )
( )
=
=
=
=
b
a n
n
b
a n
n
P nt p
P nt p
t
t
0 sin
0 cos

Lemma-3 [5]: If { }
n
is a positive convex sequence such that
<
n
n
, then { }
n
is monotonically decreasing.
5. Proof of the Theorem-1
We have
( ) ( )
}
=
t
|
t
0
cos
2
dt nt t x A
n

( )
}
=
t
|
t
0
sin
2
t d nt
n
, n = 1,2,
For the series ( ) x A
n
we have
( ) ( )
( )
( )

= =
+
+
=
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
r r
k
r
v
v n
k
k
v r
k
x A v
r r
r n t n t r ,by lemma-1

( )
( ) ( )
k
r
r
v
k
k
t d t v n
v n
v
r r

}
= =
+
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
1 1
0
sin
1
1 2
|
t
t
.
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
Since ( ) ( ) ( )
}
e <
t
t | |
0
, 0 , BV t as t d , we have
( )
=
+
<
1
1
1
r
k
v r
k
t n t r ,
uniformly in n ,if

( )

= =
< +
+
+
=
1 1
) 1 ( sin
1
1
r
k
r
v
k
n
v n
v
v r
,
uniformly for all t < < t t 0 , .

Now

( )
( )

= =
+
+
+
=
t
1 1
sin
1
1
v
k
r
v
k
t v n
v n
v
r r

( )
( )

+ = =
+
+
+
+
1 1
sin
1
1
t r
k
r
v
k
t v n
v n
v
r r

+ =
2 1
, say.
We have

( )
( )

= =
+
+
+
=
t
1 1
1
sin
1
1
r
k
r
v
k
t v n
v n
v
r r

( )
( )

= =
+
+
+
s
t
1 1
1
1
r
k
r
v
k
t v n
v n
v
r r

( )

= =
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
t
1 1
1
1
r
k
r
v
k
k
v
r r
t

( )
( )
=
|
.
|
\
| +
+
=
t
1
2
1
1
1
r
k
k
k
r r
r r
t
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011

=
t
1
1
2
r
k
k
k
r
t

=
t
t
1
1
1
2
r
k
k
k
t

( ) 1 0
2
= =
k
k
k
t
t .
Next,

( )
( )

+ = =
+
+
+
=
1 1
2
sin
1
1
t r
k
r
v
k
t v n
v n
v
r r

( )
( )

+ = =
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
s
1 1
sin
1
1
t r
k
r
v
k
k
t v n
r n
r
r r

( )
( )
( )
+ =
+
+
=
1
1
1
0
t
t
v
k
k
k
k
v n
v
r
, by lemma 2.
( )
( )
+ =
+
+
=
1
1
1
1
0
t
t
r
k
k
r

( ) ( )
k k
= t t 0 0
( ) 1 0 = .
Then
< , uniformly in n.
Hence ( )
x A
n
is
k
B - summable. This proves the theorem.
6. Proof of Theorem-2
For the series ( )
x A
n n
, we have
( ) ( )
( )
( )
k
r
v
v n v n
r
k
k
r r
r
k
x A v
r r
r n t n t r

=
+ +
+
=
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
, by lemma-1

( )
( ) ( )

}
= =
+
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
1 1
0
1
cos
1
2
r
k
r
v
v n
k k
k
k
dt t t v n
r r
r
t
| v
t

Vol. 3, No.3, 2011

( )
( )
( )

}
= =
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
1 1
0
cos
1
1 2
r
k
v
v
v n
k
k
dt
t
t
t v n t
v r
t
|
v
t
.
Since
( )
}
<
t
|
0
t
t
, we have
( ) ( ) <
+
k
r r
r
k
n t n t r
1
1
1
, uniform in n if

( )
( ) < +
+
=

=
+
=
k
r
v
v n
r
k
k
t v n v
r r
t
1 1
cos
1
1
,
uniformly for all t < < t t 0 , .
Now

)
`
+ =
=
+ =
t
t 1 1 r r
k
t
( )

+ =
2 1
k
t , say
We have

( )
( )

= =
+
+
+
=
t
1 1
1
cos
1
1
v
k
r
v
v n
k
t v n v
r r

( )

= =
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
s
t

1 1
1
1
r
k
r
v
k
n
v
r r

( )
( )
k
n
r
k
r r
r r
1
2
1
1
1
+
|
.
|
\
| +
=
+
=

t

( )
=
t
1
1
1 0
r
k
r
( )
k
t 0 = .
By Abels partial summation formula
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
( ) ( ) ( )

= =
+
=
+
=
+
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ A = +
1
1 1 1 1
cos cos cos
v
v
r
p
v n
v
p
v n
r
v
v n
t p n p t p n p t v n v
But
( )
2
sin 2
2
1
cos
2
sin 2
2
sin
2
cos
cos
1
2
t
t v n v
t
vt
t
v
n
t p n p
v
p
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
= +
=

Thus
( )
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
A = +

=
=
+ +
2
sin 2
2
1
cos
2
sin 2
2
sin
2
cos
cos
1
2
1
1
t
t v n v
t
vt
t
v
n
t v n v
r
v
r
v
v n v n

|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
2
sin 2
2
1
cos
2
sin 2
2
sin
2
cos
2
t
t r n r
t
rt
t
r
n
r n

24 23 22 21
T T T T + + + = , say
Hence
( )
k
r
k
T T T T
r r

+ =
+ + +
+
=
1
24 23 22 21 2
1
1
t
.
To complete the theorem using Minokwskis inequality, it is sufficient
to show that

( )
( )
k
r
k
i
k
T
v r
t
t
0
1
1
1
2
=
+
+ =
, uniformly in n,
Now
( ) ( )
k
r
v
v n
r r
k
k
k
t
vt
t n
r r
T
r r

=
+
+ =
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+
A
+
=
+
1
1
2
1 1
21
2
sin 2
2
sin
2
cos
1
1
1
1
v
t t

Vol. 3, No.3, 2011

( )

+ =
=
+
A
+
|
.
|
\
|
s
1
1
1
2
1
1 1
0
t

t
r
k
r
v
v n
k k
r r

( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
+ =
=
+
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
A |
.
|
\
|
A
+
=
k
r
r
v
v n
r
v
v n
k
k
r r
t
t ,
using holder inequality
( )
( ) ( )
(
+
A +
+
A =

=
= =
+
=
+
v r r
k
v
v n
k
v
v n
k
r r r r
t
t
t
t
1
1
1
1
0
1
2

( )
(
A
+
A
=

= =
+ +
t
t
t

t
v v
k
v n
k
v n k
v
1
2
0
( ) ( )
k
v
v n
k
t t 0 0
1
= |
.
|
\
|
A =

=
+
.
Next,
( ) ( )
k
r
v
v n
v r
k
k
k
t
t v n v
r r
T
v r

=
+
+ =
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
A
+
=
+
1
1 1 1
22
2
sin 2
2
1
cos
1
1
1
1
t t

( )
( )

+ =
=
+
A
+
s
1
1
1
1
1
0
t
t
r
k
r
v
v n
k
k
v
r r

( )
( )
( )

+ =
=
+
A |
.
|
\
|
A
+
=
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
t
t
r
k
v n
v
v
v n
k
k
k
v
r r
,
using Holder inequality
( )
( ) ( )
(
+
A +
+
A =

=
= =
+
=
+
v r r
k
v
v n
k
k
v
v n
k k
r r
v
r r
v
t
t
t
t
1
1
1
1
0
1

( )
(
A
+
A
=

= =
+ +
t
t
t

t
v v
k
v n
k
k
v n
k
k
v
v
v
1
0
( ) ( )
k
v
v n
k
t t 0 0
1
= |
.
|
\
|
A =

=
+
.
Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
Similarly,
( ) ( )
k
r n
r r
k
k
k
t
rt
t
r
n
r r
T
r r
2
sin 2
2
sin
2
cos
1
1
1
1
2
1 1
23
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
+
+
+ =
+ =

t t

( )
( )
+ =
+
+
s
1
2
1
1
0
t
t
r
k
r n
k
k
r r

( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=

+ =
+
1
0
t
t
r
r n
k
k
r n
,
( ) , , 0

< =
n
k
n k
n
as

t by hypothesis.
Finally,
( ) ( )
2
sin 2
2
1
cos
1
1
1
1
1 1
24
t
t r n r
r r
T
r r
k
v n
r r
k
k
k
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
+
+ =
+ =

t t

( )
( )
k
r
k
r n
k
k
r
r r

+
=

+ =
+
1
1
1
0
t
t
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=

+ =
+
1
0
t
t
v
k
r n k
r n
, ,
( )
k
t 0 = , by hypothesis.
Then
< , uniformly in n.
This completes the proof.

Vol. 3, No.3, 2011
7. References

1. Lorentz, G.G., A Contribution to the theory of divergent
sequence, Acta Math. 80 (1948),pp.167-190.
2. McFadden. L., On Two Summability Methods, Math. Proc.
Cambridge. Philos., 97(1985), pp.147-149.
3. Misra, M., Ph.D Thesis, Berhampur University,(1997).
4. Misra, U.K. and M. Misra., Absolute Banach Summability of
Fourier Series, Acta Ciencia Indica, XXVII, No.4,
pp 495-497,(2001).
5. Pati,T., The non-absolute summabilty of a Fourier Series by
Norlund method, Journal of Indian Mathematical Society,
No.25(1961), 197-214.


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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology,

Vol. 3, No.3, 2011

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