Claire Fuhler 8/19/11 B7 Chapter 1 outline Section 1 Matter anything that has mass and occupies space o Desk,

sk, chair , brick

Chemistry study of composition of matter and changes of matter o Water into ice

5 types of chemistry o Organic chemistry study of chemicals containing carbon o Living things

Inorganic chemistry study of chemicals that dont contain carbon Non-living things

Biochemistry study of things that take place in organisms Muscle contractions and digestion

Analytical chemistry study that focuses on the composition of matter Measuring the level of lead in water

Physical chemistry study that deals with the mechanism, the rate and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change Studying factors that affect breathing rates during exercise

Pure chemistry the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake o No immediate use for the knowledge

Applied chemistry research that is directed toward a practical goal or application o Immediate use for knowledge

Technology the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired o Cell phones, computers, laptops

NOTES Chemistry effects all aspects of life and most natural events Chemistry is divided into 5 sub-groups Pure research can lead to an application but an application can exist before research is done Useful in explaining the natural world, preparing for careers, and informing citizens

Section 2 Macroscopic the world of objects that are large enough to see with an unaided eye o Hair, arm, eye

Microscopic the world of objects that can only be see under magnification o Cells

Biotechnology production of biological products or processes o Gene therapy

Pollutant material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms o Lead, carbon monoxide

NOTES Chemists design materials and find ways to conserve, produce and store energy Chemists supply medicine, materials and technology to doctors Develop more productive crops and safer more effective ways to protect crops Chemists identify and prevent pollution Gather data from space and analyze matter brought back to earth

Section 3 Scientific method a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

Observation when you use your senses to obtain information o Seeing color change, smelling rotten eggs

Hypothesis a proposed explanation for an observation o Educated guess

Experiment a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis o Growing plants with liquids other than water

Manipulated variable independent variable, what you change during the lab o Liquids the plants are watered with

Responding variable dependant variable, changes because of the independent variable o How the plant grows

Theory a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations o Theory of evolution

Scientific law concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments o Laws of gravity

NOTES Alchemists develop tools and techniques for chemical use Lavoisier transformed chemistry from observation to measurement The scientific method consists of 5 steps such as making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories With more than one scientist, there is a more likely chance for a successful outcome

Section 4 Problem solving involves making a plan and sticking to it Solving word problems involves analyzing, calculating, and evaluation Conceptual problem solving involves analyzing and solving