Singapore

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the city-state. For other uses, see Singapore (disambiguation).

Republic of Singapore (Chinese) Republik Singapura (Malay) (Tamil)

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: "Majulah Singapura" (Malay) "Onward, Singapore" Anthem: Majulah Singapura "Onward, Singapore"

Location of Singapore (green)

Capital

Singapore (Downtown Core, Central)1

117N 10350E

Official language(s)

Official scripts Demonym Government President Prime Minister

English Malay Chinese Tamil English alphabet Malay alphabet Simplified Chinese Tamil script Singaporean Parliamentary republic Tony Tan Keng Yam Lee Hsien Loong

Speaker of Parliament Michael Palmer Chief Justice Legislature Chan Sek Keong Parliament Formation 6 February 1819[1] 3 June 1959[2]

Founding Self-government

- Independence from the 31 August 1963[3] United Kingdom Merger with Malaysia 16 September 1963[3] - Separation from 9 August 1965[3]

Malaysia Area 694 km2 (191st) 268 sq mi 1.444 Population 5,183,700 (of whom 3,257,000 are Singapore citizens)[4] 7,315[5]/km2 (3rd) 18,943/sq mi 2010 estimate $291.9 billion[6] (41st) $62,100[6] (5th) 2010 estimate $222.7 billion[7] $43,867[8] (15th) 47.8[6] (29th) 0.846[9] (very high) (27th) Singapore dollar (SGD) SST (UTC+8) dd/mm/yyyy left SG .sg +65

Total Water (%)

2011 census Density

GDP (PPP) Total Per capita

GDP (nominal) Total Per capita

Gini (2009) HDI (2010) Currency Time zone Date formats Drives on the ISO 3166 code Internet TLD Calling code
1 2

Singapore is a city-state. STD code 02 from Malaysia.

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Singapore i/spr/ (also called the Lion City), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by

the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation. Singapore had been a part of various local empires since it was first inhabited in the second century AD. It hosted a trading post of the East India Company in 1819 with permission from the Sultanate of Johor. The British obtained sovereignty over the island in 1824 and Singapore became one of the British Straits Settlements in 1826. Singapore was occupied by the Japanese in World War II and reverted to British rule after the war. It became internally self-governing in 1959. Singapore united with other former British territories to form Malaysia in 1963 and became a fully independent state two years later after separation from Malaysia. Since then it has had a massive increase in wealth, and is one of the Four Asian Tigers. The economy heavily depends on the industry and service sectors. Singapore is a world leader in several areas, it is the world's fourth leading financial centre, the world's second biggest casino gambling market, the world's top three oil refining centre. The port of Singapore is one of the five busiest ports in the world. The country is home to more US dollar millionaire households per capita than any other country. The World Bank notes Singapore as the easiest place in the world to do business. Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government. The People's Action Party (PAP) has won every election since the British grant of internal self-government in 1959. The legal system of Singapore has its foundations in the English common law system, but modifications have been made to it over the years, such as the removal of trial by jury. The PAP's popular image is that of a strong, experienced and highly qualified government, backed by a skilled Civil Service and an education system with an emphasis on achievement and meritocracy; but it is perceived by some voters, opposition critics and international observers as being authoritarian and too restrictive on individual freedom. Some 5 million people live in Singapore, of whom 2.91 million were born locally. Most are of Chinese, Malay or Indian descent. There are four official languages: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. One of the five founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations, Singapore also hosts the APEC Secretariat, and is a member of the East Asia Summit, the NonAligned Movement, and the Commonwealth.

Laws realted to consideration

Law of contracts differ from country to country to some extent. However most of the countries have similar general provisions in their laws of contract. The following discussion pertains to general nature of law of contract rather than exact legal provisions of any one law of contract. The following are rules relating to law of contract in general.

A contract is valid only if it is for mutual consideration. This means the contract must be for exchange of things of value. Both parties of contract must give something of value, and in return receive something of value. Generally there are no restriction on adequacy of the consideration. However, some courts/countries do not accept just notional consideration included in contract just to satisfy the legal provision. Consideration can include some physical object or promise to perform some specific action. Acts that a party is required to perform as a an existing legal obligation is not considered a valid consideration. Legal valueless consideration may be bundled with other valid consideration. Consideration provided in past is not valid as a consideration for forming new contracts. Consideration can be conditional. That is there may be an initial part of the contract with a valid consideration, with subsequent additional contracts with additional consideration which becomes applicable under certain specified conditions.