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Authorising Officer: Commissioner Of The Bermuda Police Service Author: Analysis Unit Date: 14-Oct-2011 Security Classification: This document is marked as UNCLASSIFIED. Further dissemination is allowed internally and externally of the BPS, without further authorisation. STATISTICS
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INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION 2. ALL CRIME 3. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON 4. FIREARM INCIDENTS 5. CRIMES AGAINST THE COMMUNITY 6. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY 7. TRAFFIC COLLISIONS 8. DRUG ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY 9. TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY 10. INCIDENTS - CALLS FOR SERVICE 11. ARRESTS - ALL OFFENCES 12. STOP AND SEARCHES Page 2 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 18
Appendix A - Crime Statistics In Bermuda (Q1 2007 Q3 2011) Appendix B - Enforcement Activity In Bermuda (Q1 2007 Q3 2011) Appendix C Traffic Collision Statistics In Bermuda (Q1 2007 Q3 2011) Appendix D - Chart Of All Crime In Bermuda By Quarter (Q1 2000 Q3 2011)
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UNCLASSIFIED
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION This document is marked as UNCLASSIFIED as there are no sensitive details contained in it and it is expressly written to be circulated both internally and externally. 1.2 DATA INTEGRITY The statistics, tables and graphs contained in this document are based on substantiated cases, which are active investigations of an incident that has definitely happened. This is as opposed to using incident data, which is an initial recording of a crime that has yet to be substantiated. While every effort is made to ensure that the information contained in this report is accurate, the BPS makes no warranty, representation or guarantee as to the content, sequence, accuracy, timeliness or completeness of any data or information provided. The reader of the following pages should not rely on the data provided for comparison purposes over time, or for any reason. The BPS shall assume no liability for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in the information provided. The BPS will not be responsible for the use of, or the results obtained from the use of this document. The BPS assumes no liability for any decisions made or actions taken or not taken by the user in reliance of this document. Any use of the document for commercial purposes is prohibited. 1.3 EXPLANATION OF GRAPHS The graphs used in this report include standard deviation, which has been used as a means of objectively measuring how much the crime rate has varied over time and is useful in identifying extreme highs and lows of crime. Standard deviation has been used so that where the crime rate is above the red line (2 standard deviation above the mean average), it is considered exceptionally high. Where the crime rate is below the blue line (2 standard deviation below the mean average), it is considered exceptionally low. In both cases it can be referred to as statistically significant (high or low) and is an indication of whether the quarterly statistics are exceptionally high or exceptionally low. 1.4 AIM The aim of this report is to produce accurate, timely, objective information that: Enables informed decisions to be made on the types of crime that threaten the safety of the community. Is used to proactively manage risks to the island and ensure effective policing, redeploying and directing resources at a strategic and tactical level, as required. Facilitates effective and open communication with our stakeholders, developing the means to inform them of the plans, efforts and progress being made by the BPS. Provides meaningful information as one of the means of reassuring communities in Bermuda.
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UNCLASSIFIED 1.5 Executive Summary There were 1,076 offences in Q3 2011, a decrease of -5.6% when compared to Q2 2011. While All Crime has decreased in Q3 2011 when compared to Q2 2011, it is also the 5th lowest quarterly figure since 2000. There were 0 murders and 2 injuries by firearms in Q3 2011. Crimes Against The Person, Crimes Against Property and Crimes Against The Community have all decreased when Q3 2011 is compared to Q2 2011. A summary of the 3 key crime headings and 20 crime categories for Q3 2011 in comparison to the previous quarter (Q2 2011), the same quarter last year (Q3 2010) and the 5 year trend is shown below in figure 1: Figure 1: Summary Of All Crime (Q3 2011) CRIME CATEGORY CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON Murder Manslaughter Serious Assaults Other Assaults Sexual Assault Robbery Offences Against Children Indecency CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY Burglary (Residential) Burglary (Non Residential) Burglary (Tourist Accommodation) Criminal Damage Motor Vehicle Theft Theft of Property Fraud and Deception CRIMES AGAINST THE COMMUNITY Firearm Offences Other Weapon Offences Disorder Offences Anti-Social Behaviour Animal Offences GRAND TOTAL (ALL CRIME) LEGEND: Q3 2011 vs. Q2 2011 Q3 2011 vs. Q3 2010 5 year Trend
Increasing
Decreasing
Remains level
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2. ALL CRIME
2.1 SUMMARY The total for all crime in Q3 2011 decreased by -63 offences or -5.5% compared to Q2 2011. When compared to the same period last year (Q3 2010), Q3 2011 has decreased by -182 offences or -14.5%. The total for Q3 2011 was 1,076 as can be seen in Figure 2: Figure 2: All Crime (Last 5 Quarter comparison Q3 2010 Q3 2011)
2010 Q3 ALL CRIME 2010 Q4 2011 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 Percentage Change Absolute Change
1258
1065
991
1139
1076
-5.5%
-63
2.2 TRENDS Q3 2011 is the 5th lowest quarterly crime figure since Q1 2000 1 . There have been less than 1,200 crimes per quarter in 6 out of the last 7 quarters, reinforcing the view that there has been a decrease in the long term trend of all crime in Bermuda. This can be seen in Figure 3, which shows crime for the last 19 quarters, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 3: All Crime By Quarters (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
1600
1400
1200
No. Of Offences
1000
800
ALL CRIME
600
2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Avge) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Avge)
400
200
2010
See Appendix D for a chart showing All Crime In Bermuda By Quarter (Q1 2000 - Q3 2011).
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195
181
178
196
163
-16.8%
-33
3.2. TRENDS Q3 2011 is the 3rd lowest quarterly figure since 2000. The long term trend of Crimes Against The Person is decreasing with and Q3 2011 is the 5th consecutive quarter under 200 offences. In Q3 2011 the notable crimes within the Crimes Against A Person category were Murder (-2), Serious Assaults (-10) and Other Assaults (-26). A summary of Crimes Against The Person for the last 19 quarters can be seen in Figure 5, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 5: Crimes Against the Person By Quarters (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
250
200
NO. OF OFFENCES
150
100
CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Avge) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Avge) Last 4 Quarter Average (Mean)
50
2010
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Firearm Offences are included within Crimes Against The Community (Section 5); however firearm incidents 2 may not necessarily be recorded as offences, as often there is no suspect or even a victim. 4.1 SUMMARY In Q3 2011 there were 25 firearm incidents of which 10 were confirmed firearm incidents and 15 were unconfirmed firearm incidents. This is the same total as Q2 2011, however there were 2 less confirmed firearm offences and 2 more unconfirmed firearm offences in Q3 2011 when compared to Q2 2011. There was a substantial increase in quarter on quarter firearm incidents between 2007 and 2010, with Q3 2011 continuing to show signs of a decrease in confirmed firearm offences. This can be seen in Figure 6, which shows firearm incidents between 2007 and 2011: Figure 6: Firearm Incidents In Bermuda (2007 - 2011)
FIREARM INCIDENTS IN BERMUDA BY QUARTER (2007 - 2011)
60
4. FIREARM INCIDENTS
Claims Of Gunshots Heard Claims Of Firearms Seen Recovery Of A Firearm Including Imitation and Ammunition Person Shot Or Forensic Evidence Confirms Shooting
50
40
30
20
10
2 To enable accurate recording, analysis and reporting of firearm incidents, the BPS classifies firearm incidents into 4 categories which are split into either confirmed or unconfirmed categories. A confirmed incident is where forensic evidence proves the incident occurred e.g. a firearm has been seized, shell casings or bullets are recovered, or a person has a gunshot wound. Person Shot or Forensic Evidence Confirms Shooting and Recovery of A Firearm Including Imitation and Ammunition are classified as Confirmed, while Claims of Firearms Seen and Claims Of Gunshots Heard are classified as Unconfirmed.
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UNCLASSIFIED 4.2 FIREARM TRENDS The 10 confirmed firearm incidents in Q3 2011 included the recovery of 5 firearms, 1 imitation firearm and 404 rounds of live ammunition. In Q3 2011 there were 0 fatalities and 2 injuries. This brings the total number of persons shot since the dramatic increase of firearm incidents in May 2009 to 64, 16 of which have been fatal shootings. Figure 7 shows firearm fatalities and injuries from Q1 2007 to Q3 2011: Figure 7: Firearm Injuries and Fatalities In Bermuda (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
10
INJURIES FATALITIES
FATALITIES AND INJURIES PER QUARTER
2010
2011
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UNCLASSIFIED
231
189
188
227
204
-10.1%
-23
5.2 TRENDS Q3 2011 is slightly higher than the average since 2007 (193), however the last 4 quarter running average is considerably lower than the previous 4 quarter running average (202 vs. 243 per quarter). A summary of Crimes Against The Community for the last 19 quarters can be seen in Figure 9, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 9: Crimes Against The Community By Quarters (Q1 2007 - Q3 2011)
250
200
NO. OF OFFENCES
150
100
CRIMES AGAINST THE COMMUNITY 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average) Last 4 Quarter Average (Mean) Previous 4 Quarter Average (Mean)
50
2010
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832
695
625
716
709
-1.0%
-7
6.2 TRENDS Q3 2011 is the 5th lowest figure since 2000 with 6 of the last 7 quarters having less than 800 offences. The last 4 quarters averaged 686 compared to the average of 986 for the recent full year of 2008, reinforcing the view that the long term trend of property crime is decreasing. The decrease in Q3 2011 was mainly due to a large decrease in burglary as Burglary (Residential) decreased by 90 to 125, Burglary (Non Residential) decreased by 5 to 28 and Burglary (Tourist Accommodation) decreased by 4 to 9. A summary of Crimes Against Property for the last 19 quarters can be seen in Figure 11, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 11: Crimes Against Property By Quarters (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
1000
800
NO. OF OFFENCES
600
400
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average)
200
2010
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7. TRAFFIC COLLISIONS
7.1 SUMMARY Traffic Collisions 3 in Q3 2011 decreased by -63 or -11.3% compared to Q2 2011. When compared to the same period last year (Q3 2010), Q3 2011 has decreased by -78 or -13.6%. The total for Q3 2011 was 497 as can be seen in Figure 12: Figure 12: Traffic Collisions (Last 5 Quarter comparison Q3 2010 Q3 2011)
2010 Q3 TRAFFIC COLLISIONS 2010 Q4 2011 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 Percentage Change Absolute Change
575
548
430
560
497
-11.3%
-63
7.2 TRENDS The long term trend of Traffic Collisions continues to decrease. From a high of 827 in Q3 2007, Traffic Collisions have decreased by almost -40% and the last 4 quarter running average was 509. One of the most important categories of Traffic Collisions is fatalities and these have decreased substantially, with only 1 in Q3 2011. The total number of fatalities during the first 3 quarters of the year between 2007 and 2010 has been over 10. By comparison, the total for first 3 quarters of 2011 was 4, representing a substantial decrease in the long term. A summary of Traffic Collisions for the last 19 quarters can be seen in Figure 13, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 13: Traffic Collisions (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
TRAFFIC COLLISIONS (Q1 2007 - Q3 2011)
900
800
700
600
NO. OF COLLISIONS
500
400
300
TRAFFIC COLLISIONS
200
2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average) Last 4 Quarter Average (Mean) Previous 4 Quarter Average (Mean)
100
2010
Traffic Collisions include fatal, serious injury, slight injury and damage only collisions.
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10
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Drug Enforcement Activity refers to policing activity against drugs seized at the border, or activity that has led to arrests or seizures in Bermuda. 8.1 SUMMARY Drug Enforcement Activity in Q3 2011 decreased by -38 or -14.7% compared to Q2 2011. When compared to the same period last year (Q3 2010), Q3 2011 has decreased by -24 offences or -9.8%. The total for Q3 2011 was 221 as can be seen in Figure 14: Figure 14: Drug Enforcement Activity (Last 5 Quarter comparison Q3 2010 Q3 2011)
2010 Q3 DRUG ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY 2010 Q4 2011 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 Percentage Change Absolute Change
245
234
239
259
221
-14.7%
-38
8.2 TRENDS Drug Enforcement Activity has decreased in Q3 2011 when compared to Q2 2011, however the value of drugs seized has increased substantially. Q3 2011 represents the 7th consecutive quarter where more than 200 drug offences have been recorded emphasizing that the last 7 quarters have shown a continued improvement in BPS activity in relation to progressing its drugs strategy. A summary of Drug Enforcement Activity for the last 19 quarters can be seen in Figure 15, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 15: Drug Enforcement Activity By Quarters (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
DRUG ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY (Q1 2007 - Q3 2011)
350
300
DRUG ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average)
250
2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average) Last 4 Quarter Average (Mean) Previous 4 Quarter Average (Mean)
NO. OF OFFENCES
200
150
100
50
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11
UNCLASSIFIED 8.3 Drug Seizures The Bermuda Police Service continues to work with its partners both locally and overseas to disrupt the trafficking of controlled drugs. These partners include HM Customs Bermuda, U.S. Customs and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Despite these partnerships, controlled drugs are still entering Bermuda which is evidenced in the number of street level drug seizures. This can be seen in Figure 16, which shows Drug Seizures By Location: Figure 16: Drug Seizures In Bermuda By Location (Q3 2011) Location
PORT STREET OVERSEAS
Number Of Seizures
64 154 3
As can be seen in Figure 16, the majority of drugs seized are at street level (154) while there were 64 seizures at ports (including LF Wade) and 3 overseas seizures which involved overseas law enforcement agencies. An estimated total of 215 Kg of controlled drugs with an estimated street value of $41.9 million has been seized in Q3 2011 with Cocaine the most common drug, with 168 Kg seized with a value of $39 million. This exceptional high figure is due to a large amount of Cocaine seized from a boat. Cannabis is the next most common drug seized with 46 Kg seized at a value of $2 million. In addition, 586 cannabis plants were also seized in Q3 2011. The type, weight and value of the drugs seized broken down by Port, Street and Overseas seizures can be seen in Figure 17: Figure 17: Drug Seizures by Location, Weight and Street Value (Q3 2011)
STREET
COCAINE CRACK COCAINE HEROIN CANNABIS CANNABIS RESIN CANNABIS PLANTS ECSTASY 511.45 0 13.5 36191.66 4 586 $120,190.75 $0.00 $3,605 $1,809,583 $400 N/A $0 79.8 9536.7 0 166341.2
PORT
VALUE ($)
$39,090,182 $0 $21,307 $476,835 $0 $0 $0 0
OVERSEAS
WEIGHT (g)
1100
VALUE ($)
258500 0 0 0 113000 0 0
1130
TOTAL
36721
$1,933,778
175958
$39,588,324
2230
371500
214908
$41,893,602
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12
UNCLASSIFIED
8168
11586
11739
11026
9413
-14.6%
-1613
9.2 TRENDS Traffic Enforcement Activity has fluctuated between a low of 6,814 in Q1 2008 to a high of 16,342 in Q4 2009. A summary of Traffic Enforcement Activity for the last 15 quarters can be seen in Figure 19, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 19: Traffic Enforcement Activity By Quarters (Q1 2008 Q3 2011)
16000
14000
NO. OF OFFENCES
12000
10000
8000
6000
2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average) Last 4 Quarter Average (Mean) Previous 4 Quarter Average (Mean)
2000
Q1
Q2 2008
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 2009
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 2010
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 2011
Q3
QUARTER PERIODS
13
UNCLASSIFIED
10.1 SUMMARY Incidents refer to all police activity and also to calls for service that have been recorded on the police computer system (New World System). Incidents in Q3 2011 decreased by -1,017 or 8.9% compared to Q2 2011. When compared to the same period last year (Q3 2010), Q3 2011 has increased by +348 or +3.4%. The total for Q3 2011 was 10,455 as shown in Figure 20: Figure 20: Incidents - (Last 5 Quarter comparison Q3 2010 Q3 2011) 2010
Q 3
2010
Q4
2011
Q1
2011
Q2
2011
Q 3
INCIDENTS
10107
10439
10439
11472
10455
10.2 TRENDS Q3 2011 was the 2nd highest quarterly figure since January 2000. There have now been 6 consecutive quarters of more than 10,000 incidents being recorded. This represents a continued increase in policing activity and calls for service. This can be seen in Figure 21, which shows incidents for the last 19 quarters, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 21: Incidents By Quarters (Q1 2007 Q3 2011)
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
INCIDENTS 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average) Last 4 Quarter Average (Mean) Previous 4 Quarter Average (Mean)
2000
2010
14
UNCLASSIFIED
11.1 SUMMARY Arrests refer to those persons arrested and brought into police custody. Arrests in Q3 2011 decreased by -301 or -22.6% compared to Q2 2011. When compared to the same period last year (Q3 2010), Q3 2011 has decreased by -223 or +0.8%. The total for Q3 2011 was 1,033 as shown in Figure 22: Figure 22: Arrests - All Offences (Last 5 Quarter comparison Q3 2010 Q3 2011)
2010 Q3 ARRESTS 2010 Q4 2011 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 Percentage Change Absolute Change
1256
1202
1277
1334
1033
-22.6%
-301
11.2 TRENDS Q3 2011 represents a large decrease in the number of persons arrested and is the lowest quarterly figure since Q1 2009. A summary of arrests for the last 15 quarters can be seen in Figure 23, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 23: Arrests By Quarters (Q1 2008 Q3 2011)
1600
1400
1200
NO. OF ARRESTS
1000
800
600
ARRESTS 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Average) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Average)
400
200
0 Q1 Q2 2008 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2009
QUARTER PERIODS
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 2010
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 2011
Q3
11.3 GENDER Of the 1,033 persons arrested in Q3 2011, 879 were male and 154 were female. 11.4 AGE
UNCLASSIFIED
15
UNCLASSIFIED Analysis of persons arrested by age revealed that individuals from 26 to 35 years of age were arrested more frequently than any other age group (286), followed closely by those aged 18 to 25 (285). A breakdown of persons arrested by their age group can be seen in Figure 24: Figure 24: Arrests By Age Group (Q3 2011)
11.5 NATIONALITY Of the 1,033 persons arrested in Q3 2011 932 were Bermudian and 99 were foreign nationals. This is similar to previous quarters. 11.6 ETHNICITY The majority of individuals arrested were black (886), with 125 individuals being white. In addition, 3 of those arrested were Asian, 2 individuals fall into the category black and white and 16 individuals fall into the category other. This is also similar to arrest figures in previous quarters. A breakdown of persons arrested by their ethnicity can be seen in Figure 25: Figure 25: Arrests - Ethnic Origin (Q3 2011) ETHNICITY Black White Asian Black&White Black&Other White&Other Other 886 125 3 2 0 1 16
TOTAL 1033 11.7 TYPE OF ARREST Of the 1,033 persons arrested in Q3 2011, the most common category was all other offences which includes HMC, apprehension, SJA and civil warrants with 470. There were 3 arrests for murder and 12 arrests for firearm offences in Q3 2011. A breakdown of the offences persons were arrested for can be seen overleaf in Figure 26: Figure 26: Arrests - Offence Type (Q3 2011)
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16
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Breakdown By Offence Crimes Against The Person Murder Manslaughter Serious Assaults Other Assaults Sexual Assault Robbery Offences Against Children Indecency 3 0 5 47 7 13 5 6
86
19 9 0 8 34 43 11
124
12 6 30 54 0
102
26 134
160
19 70 N/A 2
91
0 N/A N/A N/A
0
470
GRAND TOTAL
1596
11.8 RECIDIVISM Of the 1,033 persons arrested in Q3 2011, 96 individuals were arrested more than once and accounted for 202 of the arrests for this period.
UNCLASSIFIED
17
UNCLASSIFIED 12.1 SUMMARY Stop and Searches are conducted in a proportionate and accountable manner and only when Police Officers have occasion to exercise lawful powers. They are carried out with courtesy, consideration and respect for the individual being stopped. While the figures are not performance indicators, they are a reflection of the frequency of engagement between proactive Police Officers and Prolific Priority Offenders. They provide an indication of police activity, particularly regarding the number of highly visible patrols in the community. There were 4,425 4 Stop and Searches in Q3 2011, a decrease of -1,527 or -25.7% compared to Q2 2011. When compared to Q3 2010, Q3 2011 has increased by +2,084 or +78.1%. This can be seen in Figure 28, showing Stop & Searches for the last 11 quarters, with Q3 figures highlighted in boxes: Figure 28: Stop & Searches By Quarter (Q1 2009 Q3 2011)
6000
STOP&SEARCH Last4QuarterAverage(Mean)
5000
No. OF STOP & SEARCHES
Previous4QuarterAverage(Mean)
4000
3000
2000
1000
The most recent quarterly figures for Stop and Searches lag in terms of accuracy due to the late submission of the forms to the Intelligence Department. Every quarter is updated with accurate figures, with the most recent quarter expected to increase.
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18
UNCLASSIFIED
GRAND TOTAL
1206
1379
1444
1304
1185
991
1139
1076
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
1 37 115 277
430
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
1600
1400
1200
No. Of Offences
1000
800
600
ALL CRIME 2 Standard Deviation (Above Mean Avge) 2 Standard Deviation (Below Mean Avge)
400
200
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 2011
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Quarter Periods
UNCLASSIFIED
Q3