TRANSMISSION CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AYSN-SIC HVDC PROJECT

Juan Carlos Araneda, Gabriel Olgun

International Seminar on HVDC Systems, CIGR SC B4 SC B2 Buenos Aires, Argentina June 5th & 6th, 2008

Overview
SING

Transelec Transmission System Chilean Energy Market Situation HidroAysn Generation Project Aysn-SIC HVDC Transmission Project Feasibility Studies
Planning studies Power system studies Engineering studies Technical solutions Economic evaluation

Main Challenges Conclusions

Transelec Transmission System

SING

Transelec is the largest electricity transmission company in Chile, concentrated on the highest voltage levels: 500 kV, 220 kV and 154 kV Transelec owns 959 kilometers of transmission lines and 4 substations in the Northern Interconnected System (SING)
SIC

Transelec owns 7.244 kilometers of transmission lines and 44 substations in the Central Interconnected System (SIC)

Transelec is a private company owned by Brookfield Consortium, Canada.

Chilean Energy Market Situation: Historical

GDP, SIC and SING Energy Growth, 1996-2005
GWh 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 15.4% 15.1% 22.7% 3.4% 7.1% 5.5% 10.5% 7.2% 2.9% 7.5% 8.0% 5.3% SIC Demand SING Demand GDP 3.2% 6.6% 6.1% -0.8% 4.5% 3.4% 5.7% 2.2% 4.1% 3.3% 5.8% 7.6% 3.7% billion Ch$ 50,000 7.0% 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0

SING

8.5%

SIC
SIC GENERATION INSTALLED CAPACITY
1996
4859 MW
19% 1% 4%

2006
8274 MW
6% 2%

Hydro Coal Gas Diesel Other

75% 10% 57% 26%

Hydro Coal Gas Diesel Other

Chilean Energy Market Situation: Prices

GENERATION DEVELOPMENT COST

US$/MWh

Diesel

70 45 30

1997

2004

2010

YEAR

COAL+HYDRO

NATURAL GAS (from Argentina)

COAL+HYDRO Incentive to develop: New Coal fired plants Hydro resources at SIC Hydro resources in Aysn

Chilean Energy Market Situation: Future

MW 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2008 Demanda Mxima Potencia Instalada

SIC

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

Central Interconnected System (SIC): Maximum demand 2007: 6.313 MW 2013: 8.700 MW (5.7 % growth per year) 2020: 13.000 MW Installed capacity 2007: 9.148 MW
TG Diesel Central Cogeneracin Central Carbn Central GNL/GN Central Hidroelctrica Central Elica

Hydro/Thermal Capacity: 60% / 40% (2007)

Aysn Region Hydroelectric Project

Power Plants Location XI Region of Aysn

Santiago

Baker 1
4.420 GWh

Baker 2
2.530 GWh

Pascua 2.1
5.110 GWh

Pascua 1
3.020 GWh

Pascua 2.2
3.350 GWh

Produccin Energa media anual: 18.430 GWh/ao

Potencia Instalada: 2.750 MW

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Endesas Baker & Pascua River Studies

First studies were developed in 1947. In 1961 and 1962 Endesa Chile installed measurement sections in the Baker and Pascua rivers, in order to have information at relevant points. In 1974 and 1975 a pre-feasibility study concluded that a 2,600 MW potential can be developed. In 1976 the International Cooperation Agency of Japan, by order of Government of Chile, studied the zone and obtained similar conclusions than those of Endesa Chile. In 1992 Endesa Chile re-studied Baker & Pascua for an Aluminum Project, looking for a 300 to 400 MW power plant. In 1998 the pre-feasibility studies of 1974 to 1976 were updated, with the same criteria of big plants with big reservoirs, unfriendly to the environment. In 2004-2005 Endesa considered the integration of the environmental management from the first design stages of the project, developing a strategy of respectful and responsible relations with the environment.
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HVDC Transmission Project under Study HidroAysn Generation Project

CHILE

Santiago

SIC

1000 km
Puerto Montt

HidroAysn Power Plants: 2013 Baker 1 660 MW

1000 km
Cochrane

2015 Pascua 2.2 500 MW 2017 Pascua 2.1 770 MW 2019 Pascua 1 2020 Baker 2 TOTAL 460 MW 360 MW 2750 MW
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www.hidroaysen.cl

HVDC Generation Project plus Transmission HidroAysnTransmission Project under Study

CHILE

Transelec Transmission
Santiago

SIC

Project: HVDC Line, 2000 km

1000 km
Puerto Montt

Two HVDC converter stations HidroAysn Power Plants: 2013 Baker 1

Cochrane

1000 km

660 MW

2015 Pascua 2.2 500 MW 2017 Pascua 2.1 770 MW 2019 Pascua 1 2021 Baker 2 TOTAL 460 MW 360 MW 2750 MW
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Aysn-SIC Transmission Project Studies

Endesa, the largest generation company in Chile, and Colbn, the second largest generator in the SIC, are heading the studies of five hydro power plants with a total capacity of 2750 MW in the Baker and Pascua rivers of the Aysn region, in the south of Chile. In 2006 Endesa associated with Colbn to undertake the generation project together via a new company HidroAysn. Transelec signed an agreement with Endesa in November 2005 in order to develop the technical, economic and environmental studies for the design of the transmission project to connect the power plants to the SIC. During 2006 Transelec completed the conceptual engineering, including power system studies developed by HQ TransEnergie. In 2007 Transelec developed engineering studies, including system design studies performed by Teshmont, and also initiated the environmental impact study.

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Hornopirn Park Pumaln Park

Project Challenges on the route from Puerto Montt to South (1000 km)
Environmental challenges
Minimize potential route through protected or sensitive areas Protect Patagonian trees Minimize landscape modification Identify and characterize local Flora & Fauna

Corcovado Park

1000 km

Queulat Park

Las Torres Reserve Ro Simpson Park

Geographical challenges
Areas exposed to boulders and erosion

Climatic challenges
Heavy rainfall Low temperatures, strong winds, and heavy ice loads

Cerro Castillo Reserve

Converter station in Cochrane

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Hornopirn Park Pumaln Park

Project Challenges on the route from Puerto Montt to South (1000 km)

Corcovado Park

Demographic challenges
Very low population density which will impact the region during the construction period

1000 km

Queulat Park

Infrastructure challenges
Austral Road is the only gravel road and mainly one way Bridges are very limited tonnage Only one airport (Balmaceda), the rest being small airfields Coyhaique (40,000 inhabitants) is the main supplying center

Las Torres Reserve Ro Simpson Park

Cerro Castillo Reserve

Converter station in Cochrane

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Schedule of the Aysn-SIC Transmission Project

January 2006 2009 2010 - Conceptual engineering - Power system studies - Environmental studies - Basic engineering - Additional studies Start up studies - Specifications Commissioning of the transmission project Construction decision Start up construction 2013 2021 Commissioning of the hydro power plants

Studies stage

Terms of reference and tendering

Construction 4 years

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Planning of the Aysn-SIC Transmission Project

SIC

HVDC bipolar line

Converter station Santiago

Converter station Cochrane

Transmission capacity 2750MW and distance 2000 km Transmission voltage 500 kV or 600 kV Two alternative solutions: two bipoles or one bipole Conductor size: 2x 42 mm or 4x42 mm respectively, under optimization Reliability concern for design: 2021 Transmission/Max Demand= 20% Transmission/Min Demand= 30%

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Power System Studies

Load forecast and generating expansion studies were performed to estimate most likely scenario of the main grid until 2021 Power system studies were developed by Teshmont Transient stability studies were performed for monopolar and bipolar outages
The Aysn-SIC HVDC does not require continuous overload, there would be enough static reserve to cater for a permanent monopolar outage The Aysn-SIC HVDC system will require a two hours overload to allow for the static reserve come into service. The overload requirement depends on the spinning reserve available to 2021 The loss of the complete HVDC link will require a load shedding scheme to keep stability of the system

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Engineering Studies
Engineering and logistic studies to identify practical constrains
System studies were combined with logistic studies to identify main practical constrains How big and heavy can the single converter transformer unit be? Should them be single-phase-two-winding or single-phase-threewinding? Converter Transformers physical dimensions and transportation weight constrains determine the use of single-phase-two-winding over single-phase-three-winding transformers in alternatives where the weight is above 280 tons Thyristor current capability constrains the solutions to two valve groups or two bipoles if more than 4kA monopolar overload is required

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Technical Solutions under Study

Alternative A a double bipolar system 500kV or 600kV with a 33% short time monopolar overload (N-1) would need no load shedding a low value current (1.8kA) would be injected into the electrode during 2 hrs until static reserve is brought in operation, electrode current would then reduce to 1.3kA the DC line would in principle be a single tower structure for two bipoles, but a risk analysis will identify zones where separation of the bipoles is recommended Alternative B a bipole 500kV or 600kV with a 100% short time overload capability a low probability load shedding of up to 120MW for a monopolar forced outage during minimum demand conditions the DC line would be a single tower structure for both poles, but a risk analysis will identify zones where separation of the poles is recommended
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Alternative A: Two bipoles

Bipolar operation
Numbers are just approximate
+500 kV 675 MW

I2R ~ 60MW/polo

1.35 kA

1350 MW

1230 MW

675 MW

SIC SR: 210MW

1.35 kA

Aysn Generation 2750 MW

-500 kV +500 kV 675 MW

1350 MW

1230 MW

675 MW -500 kV

Transformers might be single phase three winding

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Alternative B: One bipole

Numbers are just approximate
-500kV

Bipolar operation

1350 MW
2.7 kA

SIC
2370 MW

Aysn
2750 MW

SR: ~210MW
1350 MW

+500kV

Transformers might be single phase three winding

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Economic Evaluation
Aimed at finding the solution that minimizes the present value of the total systemic cost (TSC)
takes into account the investment cost associated to every solution,
Converter costs estimated from budgetary quotations and line cost estimated by line specialists

the interests during construction,

According to the staging of the project

the electrical losses due to Joule and corona,

Joule losses according to conductor selection, corona losses according to tower geometry and conductors diameter

the energy not supplied

According to expected number of monopolar outages and monopolar overload capability of the technical solution

TSCsoli = INVsoli + INTsoli + ElecLsoli + ENSsoli

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Total Systemic Cost (TSC)

The total systemic cost is the present value of investment, electrical losses, interest during construction and expected energy not supplied MUSD ENS 500kV solutions TSC

1.1

1.3

2 Monopolar overload capability

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Main Challenges
Definition of the transmission solution under several parameters:
Reliability requirements Spinning reserve Load shedding schemes Investment costs

Construction difficulties:
Selection of the route of the transmission line
Topographic challenges Environmental impact authorization Getting the concession Negotiation of rights of way

Ground electrodes locations Converter transformer MVA/Tons transportation

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Conclusions
The Chilean southern hydro generation plus HVDC transmission projects represents a solution that competes efficiently against coal fired power plants. The Aysn-SIC HVDC project will bring renewable energy (produced by HidroAysn) to the Central Interconnected System allowing most the Chilean territory to have access to hydro electricity and avoiding 16.000.000 tons of CO2 emissions per year. Challenges
Incorporating a new technology in the Chilean power system Undertaking complex technical studies that ensure selecting the optimal transmission solution Designing a very long line with respect to the environment Constructing a very long DC line which will cross untouched lands Operating and maintaining the DC line and converter stations

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Acknowledgements
To HidroAysn for providing essential data regarding the generation project To the Aysn-SIC HVDC Project Management team for collaborating with relevant feedback to this presentation

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SC B4 contact: Juan C. Araneda Power System Development Manager Apoquindo 3721, 6th Floor Santiago, Chile Tel. 56-2-4677166 jcaraneda@transelec.cl Gabriel Olgun Head of Engineering Studies, Aysn Project Apoquindo 3721, 11th Floor Santiago, Chile Tel. 56-2-4677183 golguin@transelec.cl

www.transelec.cl

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Biographical notes: Juan C. Araneda is an Electrical Engineer graduated from Universidad Tcnica Federico Santa Mara, Chile (1983) and Master of Philosophy from University of Manchester, UMIST, UK (2002). He worked in the distribution company Chilquinta (1984 to 1989), the generation company Colbn (1989 to 1994) and the transmission company Transelec (1994 to date). Currently he holds the position of Power System Development Manager in Transelec. He has participated as invited lecturer in several universities in Chile. He is a member of CIGR and IEEE. Gabriel Olgun is an Electrical Engineer graduated from Universidad de Santiago de Chile (1993), Master of Science from Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil (1999) and Doctor of Philosophy from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden (2005). In Chile, he was with the distribution company Emec where he undertook a number of studies in planning and engineering (1995 to 2001). After obtaining his PhD he joined ABB Corporate Research, Sweden where he specialized in reliability studies, generator protection and HVDC. He is now with Transelec heading the engineering studies of the Aysn-SIC HVDC Project. He has participated as invited lecturer in universities in Brazil and Sweden. He is a member of CIGR and IEEE.

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