By Charis Moon

UNI

THE ON

Fro mt pers he Uni o pec tive ns ...

VS. CON TH FED E ERA

THE CIVIL WAR

1861-1865
CY

The Battles, the People, the Outcomes, and the Effects

What did the American Civil War look like from the Unions perspective?

Battle at Spotsylvania

General Meade with the army

African American soldiers

President Lincoln

Snapshots of the Civil War

General Shermans veterans

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NAVIGATION!

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Table of Contents
Title Page Table of Contents Readying for War Preparation Commanders of the Union Bloody Battles Minority Groups Camp Life for the Union Soldiers Life on the Home Front Effects of the War Reconstruction Bibliography Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12

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READYING FOR WAR!

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The Union Army

A Federal soldier

RESOURCES
The Union was at an advantage when it came to resources, for they had an extensive amount of goods compared to the Confederacy. They had many more soldiers, factories, and food than the Confederates, not to mention a great railroad system for transportation.

STATISTICS
The Union took about 71% of the total population and railroad mileage. They also had advantages over naval ship tonnage from 25 to 1, iron production from 15 to 1, and rearms production from 32 to 1.

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PREPARATION!

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Federal camp

President Lincoln

Lincoln called up men to serve in the military for a couple of months. Fortunately, many men were eager to help, and the Union was able to obtain more soldiers than the C o n f e d e r a c y, w h i c h w a s a n advantage for the Union. The Union devised a plan to defeat the Confederacy in battle. This plan became known as the Anaconda Plan, which was divided into three parts: 1. The Union rst decided to blockade Southern ports to prevent imports and exports to and from the Confederacy. 2. They would then travel down the Mississppi River and split the Confederacy into two divisions.

3 . T h ey w o u l d n a l l y s e i z e R i c h m o n d , Vi r g i n i a , t h e Confederate Capital. Training itself was rigorous and many of the men had difculty getting used to the discipline of military life. T h e N o r t h e r n e r s h a d m a ny resources however, which allowed the soldiers to be fully equipped.

The Union named their plan after the snake, Anaconda, which suffocates its victim before devouring it.

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COMMANDERS OF THE UNION!

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Victorious leaders who helped the Union win the long, bloody Civil War
GEORGE MEADE, WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, GEORGE A. CUSTER

George Meade graduated from the US Military Academy and served in the US Army for an year. He also served in some battles of the Civil War before he was nally appointed commander of the army to replace Joseph Hooker. He was victorious in leading the Union army at the Battle of Gettysburg when the Confederate troops decided to head north to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Confederates eventually retreated after losing over 28,000 men.

William T. Sherman was born on February 8, 1820. Before the Civil War, he was Superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary and Military Academy, which qualied his position as a leader of the Union army. He became infamous during the war when he marched his troops down South and burnt down everything in his path. He burnt down most of Georgia, leaving the state to pieces, and then headed to South Carolina in 1865, where the army destroyed the state completely-even more than Georgia, since South carolina was the rst southern state to secede from the Union.

George A. Custer graduated at the US Military Academy in 1861. He served in the Civil War and took part in the rst battle of Bull Run. He was known to be fearless and aggressive during the war, which earned him respect. He was eventually appointed as a general and led Michigan Brigade. He also helped Philip Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, attacked Five Forks with William T. Sherman and Philip Sheridan, and he later crushed the Cheyenne Village. All in all, George Custer proved to be a diligent and excellent leader and soldier.

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BLOODY BATTLES !

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Signicant battles in the Civil War

SIEGE OF VICKSBURG, BATTLE AT SPOTSYLVANIA, SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN

During the Siege of Vicksburg, which lasted from May 18 to July 4, 1863, General Grant led the Union army to Vicksburg and trapped the Confederate army. He also began to seize the city of Vicksburg. The Confederate army was able to defend themselves for a while, however as they soon began to run out of resources, they nally surrendered on July 4. This proved to be the turning point of the war with the loss of General Pembertons army and the split of the Confederacy and especially due to their defeat at Gettysburg before this battle. The victorious Union knew that they would now be able to win the war once and for all.

The Battle at Spotsylvania dragged on for two weeks--from the 8th of May to the 21st of May in 1864. General Grant was determined in his campaign against General Lee, and his plan was to lead the army between Lee and Richmond. He hoped to capture a road, Spotsylvania, which would allow them to be closer to Richmond than Lee was, and thus Lee would either attack the Union at a great cost or retreat. Grant was eventually able to capture many of Lees men and even almost split the Confederate army in half. However, the Confederates continued to ght back, until they nally lost some of their generals. In the end, although Grant was unsuccessful at outanking Lee, he still persisted and kept going on.

The Second Battle of Bull Run lasted from August 28th to August 30th of 1862. General Jackson seized the Unions supplies and eventually attacked the Union at Brawners Farm. Lee helped by attacking the main Union Army, while Jackson was busy ghting Pope. Eventually, the Union faced many more losses than the Confederacy, as the Confederate Army ended victorious. Regardless, their victories did not last for long, as the North eventually rose above the South.

Second Battle of Bull Run

Siege of Vicksburg

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MINORITY GROUPS! How women, African Americans, and immigrants inuenced the war
Many African American men joined the war, especially after the Emancipation Proclamation was passed, which helped the Norths army to grow. Most of them were former slaves from slave states. Despite that they were soldiers as well, African Americans still faced discrimination and were more likely to catch diseases than the white soldiers, for they were sent to places with worse conditions. While most men were out ghting in the war, women had to ll in the places that men once took over. Thus, many Northern women took on government jobs for the rst time and other jobs usually only men used to obtain. While they did earn less than men, they were still able to keep their jobs even after the war. Eventually, many female nurses also joined the United States Sanitary Commission, and at least one-third of the Union hospitals were women. Many immigrants and free African Americans were also hired for jobs when white workers went on strike due to small pay in comparison to the prices and amount of items they sold. Immigrants and African Americans were paid even a lower price tan the white men however.

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CAMP LIFE FOR THE UNION SOLDIERS!

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Maimed soldiers and others in front of the US Sanitary Commissions Ofce

Federal camp

Living conditions in the Northern camps were far from luxurious or even sanitary. While the soldiers were encouraged to wash their hands and faces everyday and bathe at least once a week, many of the soldiers did not follow through this, and thus outbreaks of lice, diarrhea, and diseases were common. Only one out of four soldiers survived. Soldiers were also required to serve in the army for at least three months. Eventually, the federal government built the United States Sanitary Commission, which nally improved sanitary conditions in the Northern camps and recruited many skilled nurses. Soldiers were nally taught how to prevent pollution from

entering their water, and wounded men were able to be directly transported from the battleeld to hospitals via hospital trains and ships. The death rate eventually improved due to these hospitals for wounded Northern soldiers. The Union armys rations also werent at all fancy or appealing in the least. Rations included beans, bacon, and hardtrack, which were rock-hard biscuits.

Despite the climbing death rate, the Union was able to save a considerate amount of men with the US Sanitary Commissions.

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LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT!

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Behind the scenes

THE NORTHS BOOMING ECONOMY, SELFISH GOALS, AND WOMENS ROLES

The Norths economy sky-rocketed during the war, for the military was in constant need of resources like guns, uniforms, shoes, and more. Due to the Norths booming economy, many businessmen began to sell items in poor conditions to the desperate army. They sold spoiled meat and sold guns twice its usual price. In the end, the Congress passed the income tax, which took a specic percentage of income from the citizens, in order to contribute in paying for the war.

Women also played a signicant role, as many female nurses joined the United Sanitary Commissions to treat wounded federal soldiers. Women were actually even required to be at least over thirty years old and very plain looking so that romance would not distract them or the soldiers from the war.

Federal hospital

Clara Burton, a nurse for the North

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EFFECTS OF THE WAR!

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10

What happens next?

THE NORTHS GAINS AND LOSSES FROM THE WAR
The Civil War increased the federal governments power, as it taxed private incomes, required citizens to use their new paper currency, and drafted men to serve in the army. The federal government also helped reconstruct railroad system and passed the National Bank Act, which set up new requirements for loans, a way to inspect banks, and a system for federal banks, which would all make banking safer. Thus, the economy in the North continued to sky-rocket, as many Northern businessmen had grown rich from selling resources during the war and now had the money to invest in new businesses after the war. Even the Union faced many losses however. The Union lost around 260,000 soldiers, and about 275,000 soldiers were wounded during and from the war. In total, as many as 2,400,000 men served in the military, which therefore interfered with their education, jobs, and their families. The Unions and the Confederacys total cost spent during the war was as much as three billion dollars. But in the end, the Union gained what they fought for during the four long years of war: Freedom for African American slaves. President Lincoln soon passed the Thirteenth Amendment, which nally freed all the slaves in every state.

A cemetery for Union soldiers by a hospital

Free African Americans

The Thirteenth Amendment

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RECONSTRUCTION!

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Reconstructing the Union

RIGHTS FOR FREEDMEN AND ADMISSION FOR THE SOUTH
Many Radical and moderate Republicans hoped for more r i g h t s t o t h e f re e A f r i c a n Americans, who also became known as Freedmen. However, President Johnson did not seem to succeed in fullling their hopes, as his plan for Reconstruction did not give any more rights to the Fr e e d m e n a n d w e r e q u i t e forgiving to the Southern states. He further shocked them when he vetoed the Freedmens Bureau Act, which would feed and shelter the Freedmen and set up hospitals and schools for them, and the Civil Rights Act, which would give the Freedmen citizenship rights and try to prevent discrimination. In the end, the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t p a s s e d , wh i ch allowed all citizens born in the US to become a citizen of the nation. And soon, the Reconstruction Act of 1867 passed, which made requirements for Southern states to be readmitted back to the Union and destroyed former Confederate governments. However, a Reconstruction plan that may have been benecial to both the North and South would have been to give more rights to the African Americans while also allowing easier admission for Southern states and more help in rebuilding the broken Southern land.

Radical Republicans

President Johnson

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BIBLIOGRAPHY!

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Works Cited

"American Civil War History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts." History.com History Made Every Day American & World History. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.history.com/topics/ american-civil-war>. "Battle of Spotsylvania, 8-21 May 1864." Military History Encyclopedia on the Web. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_spotsylvania.html>. "The Battle of Vicksburg Summary & Facts | Civilwar.org." Civil War Trust: Saving America's Civil War Battlefields. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/vicksburg.html>. "Battle Summary: Manassas, Second, VA." U.S. National Park Service - Experience Your America. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va026.htm>. "Battle Summary: Spotsylvania Court House, VA." U.S. National Park Service - Experience Your America. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va048.htm>. "George Custer." Spartacus Educational. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ USACWcuster.htm>. "George Meade." Spartacus Educational. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ USACWmeade.htm>. "PBS - THE WEST - George Armstrong Custer." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/custer.htm>. "Second Battle of Bull Run/ Manassas, 2nd, 29-30 August 1862." Military History Encyclopedia on the Web. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_bullrun2.html>. "William Tecumseh Sherman." About North Georgia. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://ngeorgia.com/ang/ William_Tecumseh_Sherman>. "William Tecumseh Sherman Biography." The American Civil War Home Page. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http:// www.civilwarhome.com/sherbio.htm>.

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