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Linux is case sensitive…

• AB
• aB Four different strings in Linux
From windows to Linux • aB One string in Windows
• ab

• GUI is just another software only


• Linux can provide diskless workstation
• Same Kernel for all purposes
• ls /boot/vmliuz Æ tab key
Kernel
• du –ah /boot/vmlinuzÆ
User 1, 2, 3

..........................................................
HW
shell

• Linux shell is multitasking program as well


as a program Interpreter.
• Default shell is BASH
• Linux does not use 3 character file
• To view user database
extensions.
cat /etc/passwd – .(dot) is just another character only
apache.conf
……………………..

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• myfile.txt can be and excitable file in Linux • GUI is optional, it you use Linux as
server...
Create a file……

touch file name…


…………………………….

Everything reduced to files. The term "ASCII file


• The term "ASCII file" refers to a "text" file that is
readable by the naked eye (it only contains the
letters a-z, numbers, carriage returns, and
punctuation marks). Conversely, a binary fie is
not readable by the naked eye (it contains the
ASCII characters in addition to binary
codes). Therefore, any file that one can read
with a common editor is considered an ASCII
Binary files file.
ASCII text files Device files

A binary file
• A binary file is a file whose content must be interpreted • A file stored in binary format. A binary file
by a program or a hardware processor that understands
in advance exactly how it is formatted. That is, the file is is computer -readable but not human-
not in any externally identifiable format so that any readable. All executable programs are
program that wanted to could look for certain data at a stored in binary files, as are most numeric
certain place within the file. A program (or hardware
processor) has to know exactly how the data inside the data files. In contrast, text files are stored
file is laid out to make use of the file. in a form (usually ASCII) that is human-
readable.

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Device file…. How to use Linux commands.
• i) Locate in /dev directory
cd /dev • Linux programs or command has many
ls options or arguments. Which can be
supplied at command prompt to get
ls hd*
various tasks done.
…..
• Theses options/ arguments sometimes get
……. implicitly ( as a default)
…….
……

• Ex • 1. using argument.
• Useradd –d /home/debian –s /bin/bash debian • cd /usr

Argument
cmd
Single letter options are supplied with an arguments are
separated bye one more space. More than one letter
options are supplied with each options and argument
are separated at least one space.

using options
implicit argument
• cd ls –a
• pwd path cd $HOME environment variable for users home dir
when you type some commands alone if it has no ls –a –l => ls –al
defult argument option it will provide basic
syntax help or prompt user to view help ‘
netstat –tnlp = > netstat –t –n –l –p

More than one charector options

mv --help =/ mv –h –e –l –p

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