WEIGHT OF ONE CUBIC FOOT OF flUID . - _ flOW RATE (GPM) x \JSPECIFIC GRAVITY F . F THEORETICAl TOROUE TO ORIVE lllPUT 62.

4283 EFFICIE/ICY Inches) FORCEx(fXJUnds)RATE(GFM)(GPM)1.0.231 ACTUAl (Minute) TO DRIVE TIME x THEORETICAl1 AREA RATE (Ov-r:raU)0 250,000 lapprox.) PRESSURE OUTPUTVOLUME FLOW .3208 flOW DISPlACEMENT Oil UNDER m THROUGH (GPM) 1714 (Square =~ = ~ RPM x PUMP _ xR.I,TEOUTPUT In.lRev.) 1714 UNIT INTERNAl FLOWInches) SPEED {RPM} = 2!!.. DIAMETER'(Inches) x 100 (Square Inct.es)100 U/IIT1714 HORSEPO'NER231 OUTPUT {GPMJ FlO'N xRATE(PSI) "VOLUME x OF (Cu.Elf = .32080 8M TOROUE NEVI =!!k OUTPUT HORSEPOWER AREA PRESSURE (psi) .2253xSUS-~ SUSA=psixAorF=PA = (Square Approximately pv VOLUMETRICflOWx134.6 = SUS ADDITIONAL A AREAHP" orA = .2193 RADIUS>Elf.xx(Inches) TTHED (GPMJ x PRESSURE SUST (Gallons)1714E1f .!:.x ACTUAL (psi) r X Elf", 4.635 F AOfO",ro EIf,'CL x EIf.EOt x 100 A 4 712 pSI EIf.EO!MECHANICAL .78S[ \/2% Per VOLUME=Elf.2193 FORCE FACTOR PRESSURE P V AREANET GRAVITY X SPECIAC BULK MODULUS OF THE FLUID PRESSURE (psi)CENTISTOKES EFFICIENCY CElITISTOKES INPUT OVERAll SG CS _W_ .2253 SUS_ _ or GPM x psi 1000 psi = CEIITISTOKES (e., ) 194.4 0 TACT. _O_P VA= r[SUS x 100 CIP) = VELOCITY EFACIENCY 100 HORSEPOWEREFFICIENCY MECHANICAL HP flOW VOLUMETRIC 134.6 c.s =~ 25O,ooolapprox.) VALVE --1Elfa, EIf~. c., = a VSG AREA

FLUID POWER FORMULAS

flEW PRESSURE == FORMULA: (PSI) lETTER FORMULA PH = IfiP == = = A =Y.. RPMM BASIC FORMULAS 8'0 = x ( RATEDPRESSUREf-;:i J \ RATEDHAS. x RPM, x (PSI) = RATED PUMP FORMULAS (RPM) LIFE HOURS x RATEDSPEED
J

WORD FORMULA FORMULA:

B

HOURS OF BEARING LIFE

FLUID POWER FORMULAS

ACTUATOR FORMULAS . FORMULA FOR: WORD FORMULA
VELOCITY = 12 231

CONTINUED LETTER FORMULA

CYLINDER VELOCITY or SPEED In FeetJSerond CYLINDER VOLUME CAPACITY In Gallons of Fluid

60

x x

flOW RATE

(GP!.1)

2310 ory

.32080

IIET AREA (Square Inches)

72M

VOLUME

r X RADiUS'
IIET AREA

(Inches) 231

x STROKE (Inches)
x
STROKE (Inches)

= rf'
221

I I=
or

(Slrwe Inches)
231

=~

Length 01 Slroke

231

CYlINDER flOW

RATE

flOW

R~TE

12

60

VELOCITY (FeevSec) 231

NET AREA (Square InCl1es)

In Gallons Per Minute flUID MOTOR TOROUE

= 720vA 231

0 = 3.117yA

TOROUE

PRESSURE (psi)

F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. In.lRev.)

In Inch Pounds

2r

HORSEPOWER RPM

63025

= 63025 HP n

FLOW RATE (GPM)

PRESSURE (psi) RPM

x 36.77
n HP T,=

36.770P or T = 36.770psi

flUID

MOTOR TOROUE/100 psi

TOROUE/loo psi -

In Inch Pounds FLUID MOTOR SPEED In RevoIulions/Minule FLUID MOTOR POWER In Horsepower Output _ -

F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/RevotuDon) .0628

Tn 2310

=-d- d = 63025 .0628

SPEED

231 flOW RATE (GPM) F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/Revolution)

HORSEPOWER

TORQUE OUTPUT (Inch Pounds) 63025

RPM

THERMAL

FORMULAS

NOTE: ONE BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU) IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REOUIREDTO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF ONE POUND OF WATER OIlE OEGREEF.AHRENHBT.ONE HORSEPOWER = 2545 BTU/HR. RESERVOIR COOUNG CAPACITY
BASED ON ADEQUATE AIR CIRCULATION

HEAT (BTU/HR)

TEMPERATURE OJFFERENCEBffi'/EEN

RESERVOIRWAlLS AND AIR (oF) BTUIHR

x AREA OF RESERVOIR(SO. Ft)

HEAT IN HYDRAULIC OIL (approx.)
DUE TO SYSTEM INEFFICIENCY (SG

2.0

AT

I
.89 -

HEAT (BTU/HR)

Fl(J.'I1WE

(GPM)

210

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(oF)

BTU/HR

x x

210

x x

AT

.92) HEAT IN FRESH WATER (approx.) tHEAT (BTU/HR) = FLOW RATE (GPAt)

500

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(OF)

BTU/HR

500

AT

PRESSURE
NOTE: SEE PAGES 79 THROUGH 84 FOR INFORMATION

DROP FORMULAS

ACCUMULATOR
NOTE: SEE PAGES 130 AND 131 FORADDITIONAL INFORMATION

FORMULAS
Where UP"

psia(ABSOLUTf}

psig (GAUGE PRESSURE)

14.7 psi

FORMULA

FOR:

WORD FORMULA:
ORlGIIIAL PRESSURE

lETTER =. FIfIAL
PRESSURE

FORMULA:
lsothermic

PRESSURE OR VOLUME . w/Constant

PRESSURE

"r

ORIGINAL VOLUME

FINAL VOLUME

P, V,

P, V,

(Temperature) . ORIGIIW: PRESSURE

OR TEMPERATURE

x FIIJAi. m,IPERATURE

;; FlllAlPRESSURE

X ORIG. TEMPERATURE

P, T,

= P, T, lsochoric

w/ Constant "V" (Volume)

VOLUME OR TEMPERATURE

ORIGII/AL VOLUME X AI/AL TEI,IPERATURE

= FINAL VOLUME

ORIGINAL TEMPERATURE

V, T,

V, T, Isobaric

w/Constant "P" (Pressure)

PRESSURE OR VOLUME

ORIGINAL PRESSURE

x ORIGIIIAL VOLUME" ...= FINAL PRESSURE x FINAL VOLUME"

.......... IlIAL VOLUME\ i;,; ORIG. VOLUMFj F

w/Tempetalure Change Due To Heat of Compression U.S. .037037 1728 .0005787231 .0000214327.6798 i,48052 .004329 .016384 1 1 28.317 277.274 .119825 1 .0160184 61.0234 .004951 201.974 764.56 .001308 1.20032 .0353145 .160459 .264170 14.54374 .133681 127 3.78543 .453592 .0005929 .0059429 46.656 Liters

FINAL TEMP. ORIG. TEMP.

.>

",:,eINALPRESSURE ORIS. PRESSURE

l'"
Water at Max. Oensity 39.2 F 4 C

~~

VOLUME&CAPACITY

Gar:u.1S

EQUIVALENTS

~rams . -\y.;;-.
.0036065 6.23210 168.266 .220083 .833111 .0361275 62.4283 1685.56 2.20462 8.34545 10.0172 1

of-Water .0163872 28.3170 764.559

1
3.78543 4.54373 .453593

1
.0998281

To Convert

cms Intoinches 0.02832 byin 0.001 0.06102 OFLiters= Cu feet 28.317 .0036065 meters . Cms/sec(tgallons 35,31 0.01639 (U.S. 448,83 Celsius 7.48052meter liquid) 31.5 ...9.5). +32 32)/1.8 0.5080 264.2 28.32 7.481 6.23210 14.50 .004329 .00001639 .0005787 .0002642 .000001 16.39 Fahrenheit Gallons/min ... cms/min Gallons Liters/min 61,023 28,317 28,320 10,200 Pounds/sq Imperial 1,000,000 1,728 1,000 Multiply Gallons Kgs/sq t.00003521 Degree DC (COx Liters/min Liters Gallons/min FeeVmin U.S, U.S. gallons meter Pounds/sq Pascal gallons Kilograms/sq cm Imperial (Pa) inch

To Convert

Intometers 231feeVmin 3785 0.001 61.0234 0.0353145 4.54374 277.274 .3785 .133681 .069 1000 .220083 ,00009807 ,160459 Bar cms/min Gallons/min Bars gallons 703.1 gallons 3,785 0.264170 3.785 .83267 .000145 ,00001 .264 .035 ,001422 14.22 1,20032 .1337 feet Meters/min Liters... (Pa) ft...liquid) Cu cms meter inches cm 0.3048 (U.S. Liters/min 2,048 6,895 3,785.412 1,000 Pounds/sqbyin Kgs/sq Multiply U.S. Imperial Gallons Pascal

TABLE

6-E. CONVERSION

BETWEEN ENGLISH

UNITS AND SI UNITS

Fluid Power Com-

The "SI" (International Standards) units shown below are adopted for use by the International munity, and should be used on documents prepared for international circulation.

Quantity Length . Pressure* Pressure** Flow*** Flowt Force Mass . Time ... Volume*.**. Temperature Torque . Power Shaft Speed Frequency . Displacement Kinematic viscosity Velocity. NOTES:

SI Unit for Fluid Power millimeter (mm) . bar (bar, g or bar, a) . mm of mercury (mm Hg) liters per minute (I/min) cubic decimeters/see (dm3/sec) Newton (N) kilogram (Kg) second (see) liter (I) . degrees Celcius (oC) Newton-meters (Nm) kilowat (kw) revolutions per minute (rpm) Hertz (Hz) . millileters/revolution (ml/rev) centistokes (cSt) . meter per second (m/s)

"Customary"

U.S. Unit

Conversion

Factor

inch (in). Ibs/sq in (psig or psia) . inches of mercury (in Hg) U.S. gallons per minute (U.S. GPM) . cubic feet per minute (cfm) pound(f) or Ib(f) (force) . pound(m) or Ib(m) (mass). second (see) gallon (U.S. gal) . degrees Fahrenheit (0 F) pounds(f)-inches Ibs(f)-in horsepower (HP) . revolutions per minute (rpm) cycles per second (cps) . cubic inches per revolution (cipr). Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) feet per second (fps) . ***Liquid

1 in = 25.4 mm 1 bar = 14.5 psi 1 in Hg = 25.4 mm Hg 1 U.S. GPM = 3.79 I/min 1 dm3 /sec = 2.12 cfm 1 Ib(f) - 4.44N 1 Kg = 2.20 Ib(m) 1 U.S. gal = 3.791

C = 5/9

(OF

32)

1 Nm = 8.88 Ib(f)-in 1 kw = 1.34 HP 1 Hz = 1 cps lml/rev = 0.061 cipr cSt = (4.635)(SUS)tt 1 m/s = 3.28 fps tGas

*Pressure above atmospheric

**Pressure below atmospheric tt@38C; Factor is 4.667 @ 99C

EQUIVALENT
1 U.S. Ga lion 231 Cu bic Inches 4 Quarts; or 8 Pints 8.3356 Pounds 3.785 Liters 1 Imperial Gallon = 1.2 U.S. Gallons

MEASUREMENTS
1 Horsepower = 33,000 Ft. Lbs. per Minute 550 Ft. Lbs. per Second 42.4 BTU per Minute 2545 BTU per Hour 746 Watts, or 0.746 Kilowatts lPSI= 2.04161'Hg 27.71 "Water = 0.433 PSI

1 Liter = 0.2642 U.S. Gallons 1 Cubic Foot = = 7.48 Gallons 1728 Cubic Inches

Foot Column of Water Foot Column of Oil 1 "Hg = =

= 0.390 PSI

1 Cubic Foot of Water Weighs 62.4 Pounds 1 Bar at Sea Level = 14.5 PSI (Approx.l Atmos.) 33.8 Foot Water Column

0.491 PSI 1.132 Ft. Water

1 Barrel Oil = 42 Gallons 1 Micro-meter 1 Millionth of a Meter (Micron) = 1 Thousandth of a Meter = 0.00004 Inch = = 0.001 Inch

Approx.

42 Foot Oil Column II 29.92 Hg. VzPSI Decrease Each 1000 Ft. Altitude

25 Micro-meters

APPROXIMATE
1 1 1 1 1 1 Pint = 2 cups = 16 fluid ounces = 1 pound Pint = 96 teaspoons = 32 tablespoons = 16 fluid ounces Quart = 4 cups = 2 pints = 32 fluid ounces = 2 pounds Quart = 192 teaspoons = 64 tablespoons = 32 fl. oz. Gallon = 16 cups = 4 quarts = 8 pints Gallon = 768 teaspoons = 256 tablespoons = 128 oz.

MEASUREMENTS
1 Gallon = 231 cubic inches = 76,800 drops 1 Cup = 16 tablespoons = 48 teaspoons 1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons 2 Tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce 1 Fluid ounce (volume) = 600 drops (hydraulic 1 Cubic inch = 330 drops

oil)

TABLE 6-F. EQUIVALENT VALUES

To convert units appearing in Column 1 into equivalent values of units in Column 2, multiply by factor Example: To convert 7 gallons into cubic inches, multiply 7 x 231 = 1617 cubic inches. To convert units appearing in Column 2 into equivalent values of units in Column 1, divide by factor Example: To convert 25 horsepower into BTU per minute, divide 25 by 0.02356 = 1061 BTU per minute. Column 33.9 1 in Column in Column 3, 3.

Column Column 144Pou 745.7 0.01136 0.0005787 ColumnFeet.Water (MPH) 32 Column .ndsMercuryIn) Feet Column PoundsInches.3Mercury Watts 0.0013411.8+32.Sq.Sq.("Hg) 550Tons 0.1337 Seconds.ofofperliquid.Minute. 2.036 per Minute. .In) 2.307 (lbs.Inches 88.231 of31Feet 0.25 0.01745 0.004329 Gallons Wattsrsper(U.SJ(Bars)*. Cubicof(Statute) Foot.001286 2. Fahrenheit Hour 2.54 0.04167 1000 Inches. 0.005952 Hou Hours 0.02356 1728 0.2931 Cubic 7000(lbs.perSq.ln). 160.001818 (Micron) Pounds Inches. Inches. U.S.Horsepower 1.133 Inches 0.001 0.3937 Meterslbs.(Fluid) (oF) InJ 0.542.44 Mercury 0.0001894 0.3048 2000 8.3453 29.92 Radians .of Hour 5280GallonsWater Quarts 453.5924ofCentimeters... 0.00004 2per Sq. 0.2642 1.467 liters 0.0000303 0Grams. oCx 778.3 0.4335 7.48052 Weeks. Watts 14.7 Centimeters Ounces Grains. Miles(lbs.perWater. (oC)In.) liters 0.0625 1.805 0.4912 0.03342 Pints 0.0002642 Pounds Quarts Feet 0.5555 86,400 0.06804 Micro-meter 0.8826 Inches. 0.03613 Ounces 0.0295 BTU(lbs..Waterper .Second Horsepower per 33,000 Foot Square HorsepowerofSecond.("Hg) U.S.GalionsHour{MPH) Miles Inches Gallons Days PSI Temperature PSI0.6818(Weight) (Bars)*. PSIInches Feet Inchesper lbs. Minutein) Atmospheres Atmospheres(U.S. liquid)

Please read instructions

above

TABLE 6-G. PSI GAUGE PRESSURE CONVERTED TO METRIC PRESSURE UNITS

This table is calculated PSI Bars 10 ..... 0.69 on the basis of 1 bar = 14.5 PSI, or, 1 PSI = .069 bar 50 3.45 100 6.90 250 17.2 500 34.5 750 51.7 1000 69.0 1500 103.4 2000 137.9 2500 172.4 3000 206.9 5000 344.8

TABLE 6-H. GPM OIL FLOW CONVERTED TO METRIC UNITS

This table GPM .5 Liters/min~18.95 is calculated on the basis of 1 U.S. GPM = 3.79 liters per min. (liquid) 12 45.48 15 56.85 20 75.80 25 94.75 30 113.7 35 132.7 or, 1 liter per min. = 0.2638 40 151.6 50 189.5 75 284.3 GPM. 100 379.0

8 30.32

TABLE 6-1. SCFM AIR FLOW CONVERTED TO METRIC UNITS

This table SCFM ~5 Dm3/sec~2.358 is calculated on the basis of 1 SCFM = 0.4716 15 7.074 25 11.79 50 23.58 cubic decimeters 100 47.16 per second, 150 70.74 200 94.32 or 1 dm3/sec. 250 117.9 = 2.12 SCFM. 300 141.5 350 165.1

10 4.716

75 35.37