CHAPTER 4

Section 4-2

4-1.

a) P (1 < X ) = e x dx = ( e x )

2.5

b) P (1 < X < 2.5) =

= e 1 = 0.3679

dx = ( e x )

2 .5
1

= e 1 e 2.5 = 0.2858

x
c) P( X = 3) = e dx = 0
3

x
x
4
d) P( X < 4) = e dx = (e ) = 1 e = 0.9817
0

x
x
e) P(3 X ) = e dx = (e )
3

4-2.

x
x
a) P( x < X ) = e dx = (e )

= e 3 = 0.0498

= e x = 0.10 .

Then, x = ln(0.10) = 2.3

x

x
x
x
b) P ( X x) = e dx = (e ) = 1 e = 0.10 .
0

Then, x = ln(0.9) = 0.1054

4

4-3

x
x2
a) P ( X < 4) = dx =
8
16
3

4 2 32
=
= 0.4375 , because f X ( x) = 0 for x < 3.
16

x
x2
b) , P ( X > 3.5) = dx =
8
16
3.5
5

c) P ( 4 < X < 5) =

3.5
2 5

x
x
4 8 dx = 16

4.5

d) P ( X < 4.5) =

4
2 4.5

x
x
3 8 dx = 16
5

5 2 3 .5 2
= 0.7969 because f X ( x) = 0 for x > 5.
16

52 42
= 0.5625
16

4 .5 2 3 2
= 0.7031
16
3.5

3.5

52 4.52 3.52 32
x
x
x2
x2
e) P( X > 4.5) + P( X < 3.5) = dx + dx =
+
=
+
= 0.5 .
8
8
16
16
16
16
4.5
3
4.5
3

4-4

a) P (1 < X ) = e ( x 4 ) dx = e ( x 4 )
4

= 1 , because f X ( x) = 0 for x < 4. This can also be

obtained from the fact that f X (x) is a probability density function for 4 < x.
5

b) P (2 X 5) = e ( x 4 ) dx = e ( x 4 )
4

5
4

= 1 e 1 = 0.6321

c) P (5 < X ) = 1 P ( X 5) . From part b., P ( X 5) = 0.6321 . Therefore,

P (5 < X ) = 0.3679 .
12

( x 4)
dx = e ( x 4 )
d) P(8 < X < 12) = e
8

e) P ( X < x ) = e ( x 4 ) dx = e ( x 4 )
4

12
8

= e 4 e 8 = 0.0180

= 1 e ( x 4 ) = 0.90 .

Then, x = 4 ln(0.10) = 6.303

4-5

a) P (0 < X ) = 0.5 , by symmetry.

1

3
2
b) P(0.5 < X ) = 1.5 x dx = 0.5 x
0.5

1
0.5

= 0.5 0.0625 = 0.4375

0.5

3
2
1.5x dx = 0.5 x

c) P(0.5 X 0.5) =

0.5

0.5
0.5

= 0.125

d) P(X < 2) = 0
e) P(X < 0 or X > 0.5) = 1
1

2
3
f) P ( x < X ) = 1.5 x dx = 0.5 x

1
x

= 0.5 0.5 x3 = 0.05

Then, x = 0.9655

4-6.

x
e 1000
a) P( X > 3000) =
dx = e 1000
3000 1000

2000

b) P(1000 < X < 2000) =

1000

c) P ( X < 1000) =

d) P( X < x) =
Then, e

x
1000

= e 3 = 0.05

3000

x
1000

x 2000
e
1000
dx
=

e
= e 1 e 2 = 0.233

1000
1000
1000

x
x
e 1000
dx = e 1000
1000

x
e
1000
dx
=

e
0 1000

x /1000

1000

= 1 e 1 = 0.6321

= 1 e x /1000 = 0.10 .

= 0.9 , and x = 1000 ln 0.9 = 105.36.

50.25

4-7

a) P( X > 50) =

2.0dx = 2 x

50.25
50

= 0.5

50

50.25

b) P( X > x) = 0.90 =

2.0dx = 2 x

50.25
x

= 100.5 2 x

Then, 2x = 99.6 and x = 49.8.

74.8

4-8.

a) P( X < 74.8) =

1.25dx = 1.25x

74.8
74.6

= 0.25

74.6

b) P(X < 74.8 or X > 75.2) = P(X < 74.8) + P(X > 75.2) because the two events are mutually
exclusive. The result is 0.25 + 0.25 = 0.50.
75.3

c) P (74.7 < X < 75.3) =

1.25dx = 1.25x

75.3
74.7

= 1.25(0.6) = 0.750

74.7

4-9

a) P(X < 2.25 or X > 2.75) = P(X < 2.25) + P(X > 2.75) because the two events are
mutually exclusive. Then, P(X < 2.25) = 0 and
2.8

P(X > 2.75) =

2dx = 2(0.05) = 0.10 .

2.75

b) If the probability density function is centered at 2.55 meters, then f X ( x) = 2 for

2.3 < x < 2.8 and all rods will meet specifications.
x2

4-10. Because the integral f ( x)dx is not changed whether or not any of the endpoints x1 and x2 are
x1

included in the integral, all the probabilities listed are equal.

Section 4-3
4-11.

a) P(X<2.8) = P(X 2.8) because X is a continuous random variable.

Then, P(X<2.8) =F(2.8)=0.2(2.8) = 0.56.
b) P ( X > 1.5) = 1 P ( X 1.5) = 1 0.2(1.5) = 0.7
c) P( X < 2) = FX (2) = 0
d) P( X > 6) = 1 FX (6) = 0

4-12. a) P( X < 1.8) = P( X 1.8) = FX (1.8) because X is a continuous random variable. Then,
FX (1.8) = 0.25(1.8) + 0.5 = 0.95
b) P ( X > 1.5) = 1 P ( X 1.5) = 1 .125 = 0.875
c) P(X < -2) = 0
d) P(1 < X < 1) = P(1 < X 1) = FX (1) FX (1) = .75 .25 = 0.50