3.

Median
Arrange terms in ascending order:
073, 167, 199, 213, 243, 345, 444, 524, 609, 682
There are 10 terms.
Since there are an even number of terms, the median is the average of the
two middle terms:
Median = 243 + 345 = 588 = 294
Using the formula, the median is located at the n + 1 th term.
2
n = 10 therefore 10 + 1 = 11 = 5.5th term.
2
2

3.6

The median is located halfway between the 5th and 6th terms.
5th term = 243
6th term = 345
Halfway between 243 and 345 is the median = 294
2
2
Rearranging the data into ascending order:
11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34
i=

35
(15 ) = 5.25
100

P35 is located at the 5 + 1 = 6th term

P35 = 19
i=

55
(15 ) = 8.25
100

P55 is located at the 8 + 1 = 9th term

P55 = 27
Q1 = P25
i=

25
(15 ) = 3.75
100

Q1 = P25 is located at the 3 + 1 = 4th term

Q1 = 17

Q2 = Median
th

15 + 1
th
The median is located at the
= 8 term
2

Q2 = 25
Q3 = P75
i=

75
(15 ) = 11 .25
100

Q3 = P75 is located at the 11 + 1 = 12th term

Q3 = 30
3.11

x
6
2
4
9
1
3
5
x = 30

6-4.2857 =

x-=
=

x -
1.7143
2.2857
0.2857
4.7143
3.2857
1.2857
0.7143
14.2857

(x-)2
2.9388
5.2244
.0816
22.2246
10.7958
1.6530
.5102
(x -)2 = 43.4284

x 30
=
= 4.2857
N
7

a.) Range = 9 - 1 = 8

b.) M.A.D. =

c.) 2 =

d.)

x
N

14 .2857
= 2.041
7

( x ) 2
43 .4284
=
= 6.204
N
7

e.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9

( x ) 2
= 6.204 = 2.491
N

Q1 = P25
i =

25
(7) = 1.75
100

Q1 is located at the 1 + 1 = 2th term, Q1 = 2

Q3 = P75:
i =

75
(7) = 5.25
100

Q3 is located at the 5 + 1 = 6th term, Q3 = 6

IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 6 - 2 = 4
f.)

z =

6 4.2857
2.491

= 0.69

z =

2 4.2857
2.491

= -0.92

z =

4 4.2857
2.491

= -0.11

z =

9 4.2857
2.491

= 1.89

z =

1 4.2857
2.491

= -1.32

3 4.2857
= -0.52
2.491
5 4.2857
z =
= 0.29
2.491

z =

3.16
14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 27, 35, 37, 38, 39, 39, 40, 44,
46, 58, 59, 59, 70, 71, 73, 82, 84, 90
Q1 = P25
i =

25
( 25 ) = 6.25
100

P25 is located at the 6 + 1 = 7th term

Q1 = 25
Q3 = P75
75
( 25 ) = 18.75
100

i =

P75 is located at the 18 + 1 = 19th term

Q3 = 59
IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 59 - 25 =

34

3.19
( x x) 2

x
x

7
5
10
12
9
8
14
3
11
13
8
6
106

1.833
3.833
1.167
3.167
0.167
0.833
5.167
5.833
2.167
4.167
0.833
2.833
32.000

x=

3.361
14.694
1.361
10.028
0.028
0.694
26.694
34.028
4.694
17.361
0.694
8.028
121.665

x 106
=
= 8.833
n
12

a) MAD =

x x
n

32
12

= 2.667

b) s2 =

( x x ) 2 121 .665
=
= 11.06
n 1
11

c) s =

s 2 = 11 .06

= 3.326

d) Rearranging terms in order:

3 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Q1 = P25: i = (.25)(12) = 3

Q1 = the average of the 3rd and 4th terms:

Q1 = (6 + 7)/2 = 6.5
Q3 = P75: i = (.75)(12) = 9
Q3 = the average of the 9th and 10th terms:
Q3 = (11 + 12)/2 = 11.5
IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 11.5 - 9 = 2.5
e.) z =

6 8.833
3.326

f.) CV =
3.27

= - 0.85

(3.326 )(100 )
= 37.65%
8.833

Mean
Class
0- 2
2- 4
4- 6
6- 8
8 - 10
10 - 12
12 - 14

f
39
27
16
15
10
8
6
f=121
fM
561
=
f
121

M
1
3
5
7
9
11
13

fM
39
81
80
105
90
88
78
fM=561

= 4.64

Mode: The modal class is 0 2.

The midpoint of the modal class = the mode = 1
3.30

Class
5- 9
9 - 13
13 - 17
17 - 21
21 - 25

f
20
18
8
6
2
f=54

M
7
11
15
19
23

fM
140
198
120
114
46
fM= 618

fM2
980
2,178
1,800
2,166
1,058
fm2= 8,182

(fM ) 2
(618 ) 2
fM
8182
s2 =
n
54 = 8182 7071 .7 = 20.9
=
n 1
53
53
2

3.31

s =
S 2 = 20 .9 = 4.57
Class
f
18 - 24
17
24 - 30
22
30 - 36
26
36 - 42
35
42 - 48
33
48 - 54
30
54 - 60
32
60 - 66
21
66 - 72
15
f= 231
fM

a.) Mean: x = n

M
21
27
33
39
45
51
57
63
69

fM
fM2
357
7,497
594
16,038
858
28,314
1,365
53,235
1,485
66,825
1,530
78,030
1,824
103,968
1,323
83,349
1,035
71,415
2
fM= 10,371 fM = 508,671

fM
10 ,371
=
f
231

= 44.9

b.) Mode. The Modal Class = 36-42. The mode is the class midpoint =39
c.) s2 =

(fM ) 2
(10 ,371 ) 2
508 ,671
43,053 .5 =
n
231
=
=
n 1
230
230

fM 2

187.2
d.) s =

= 13.7

187 .2

3.32
a.) Mean
Class

fM

fM2

0-1
1-2
2-3

31
57
26

0.5
1.5
2.5

15.5
85.5
65.0

7.75
128.25
162.50

3-4
4-5
5-6

14
6
3
f=137

3.5
4.5
5.5

fM
258 .5
=
f
137

b.) Mode:

49.0
27.0
16.5
fM=258.5

171.50
121.50
90.75
2
fM =682.25

= 1.89

Modal Class = 1-2. Mode = 1.5

c.) Variance:

(fM ) 2
(258 .5) 2
682 .25
N
137
=
N
137

fM 2

1.4197
d.) standard Deviation:
=
5.10

n = 16

2 = 1.4197

p = .40
P(x > 9): from Table A.2:
x Prob
9
10
11
12
13

.084
.039
.014
.004
.001
.142

P(3 < x < 6):

x Prob
3
4
5
6

.047
.101
.162
.198
.508

n = 13

p = .88

= 1.1915

P(x = 10) = 13C10(.88)10(.12)3 = 286(.278500976)(.001728) = .1376

P(x = 13) = 13C13(.88)13(.12)0 = (1)(.1897906171)(1) = .1898
Expected Value = = n p = 13(.88) = 11.44
5.13
n = 15 p = .20
a) P(x = 5) =

C5(.20)5(.80)10 =

15

3003(.00032)(.1073742) = .1032
b) P(x > 9): Using Table A.2
P(x = 10) + P(x = 11) + . . . + P(x = 15) =
.000 + .000 + . . . + .000 = .000
c) P(x = 0) =

C0(.20)0(.80)15 =

15

(1)(1)(.035184) = .0352
d) P(4 < x < 7): Using Table A.2
P(x = 4) + P(x = 5) + P(x = 6) + P(x = 7) =
.188 + .103 + .043 + .014 = .348
e)

5.20

= 5.6 days3 weeks

a) Prob(x=0 = 5.6):
from Table A.3 = .0037
b) Prob(x=6 = 5.6):
from Table A.3 = .1584
c) Prob(x > 15 = 5.6):
x
15
16
17
x > 15

Prob.
.0005
.0002
.0001
.0008

Because this probability is so low, if it actually occurred, the

researcher would
actually have to question the Lambda value as too low for this period.

5.24

n = 100,000

p = .00004

Prob(x > 7n = 100,000 p = .00004):

= = n p = 100,000(.00004) = 4.0
Since n > 20 and n p < 7, the Poisson approximation to this binomial
problem is
close enough.
Prob(x > 7 = 4):
Using Table A.3

x
7
8

Prob.
.0595
.0298

9
10
11
12
13
14

.0132
.0053
.0019
.0006
.0002
.0001

x > 7

.1106

x
11
12
13
14

Prob.
.0019
.0006
.0002
.0001

x > 10

.0028

Prob(x>10 = 4):
Using Table A.3

Since getting more than 10 is a rare occurrence, thisparticulargeographicregion

appears to have a higher average rate than other regions. Aninvestigationof
particular characteristics of this region might be warranted.

5.29

N = 17

A=8
8

a) P(x = 0) =

b) P(x = 4) =

n=4

C 0 9 C 4
(1)(126 )
=
= .0529
2380
17 C 4

C 4 9 C 0
(70 )(1)
=
= .0294
2380
17 C 4

c) P(x = 2 non computer) =

5.30

N = 20

A = 16 white

a) Prob(x = 4 white) =

16

C 2 8 C 2
(36 )( 28 )
=
= .4235
2380
17 C 4
N - A = 4 red
n=5
9

C 4 4 C1
(1820 )( 4)
=
15504
20 C 5

= .4696

b) Prob(x = 4 red) =

c) Prob(x = 5 red) =

C 4 16 C1
(1)(16 )
=
= .0010
15504
20 C 5
C5 16 C 0
= .0000 because 4C5 is impossible
20 C 5

determine.
The participant cannot draw 5 red beads if there are only 4 to draw from

5.32

N = 16

A = 4 defective

a) Prob(x = 0) =

n=3

C 0 12 C 3 (1)( 220 )
=
= .3929
560
16 C 3

C 3 12 C 0 ( 4)(1)
=
= .0071
560
16 C 3
4 C 2 12 C1
c) Prob(x > 2) = Prob(x=2) + Prob(x=3) =
+ .0071 (from
16 C 3

b) Prob(x = 3) =

part b.) =
(6)(12 )
560
+ .0071 = .1286 + .0071 = .1357

d) Prob(x < 1) = Prob(x=1) + Prob(x=0) =

3929 = .8643
6.3 a = 2.80

C1 12 C 2
( 4)( 66 )
+ .3929 (from part a.) =
+ .3929 = .4714 + .
560
16 C 3

b = 3.14

a + b 2.80 3.14
=
= 2.97
2
2

b a
3.14 2.80
=
= 0.10
12
12

P(3.00 < x < 3.10) =

6.4 a = 11.97
Height =

b = 12.03

3.10 3.00
3.14 2.80

1
1
=
= 16.667
b a 12 .03 11 .97
12 .03 12 .01
= .3333
12 .03 11 .97

P(x > 12.01) =

P(11.98 < x < 12.01) =

6.5 = 2100
=

= 0.2941

a = 400

12 .01 11 .98
= .5000
12 .03 11 .97

b = 3800

b a 3800 400
=
= 981.5
12
12

Height =

1
3800 400
=
= .000294
b a
12

P(x > 3000) =

3800 3000
800
=
3800 400
3400

= .2353

P(x > 4000) = .0000

P(700 < x < 1500) =
6.8 = 22

=4

a) Prob(x > 17):

1500 700
800
=
= .2353
3800 400 3400

z =

17 22
= -1.25
4

area between x = 17 and = 22 from table A.5 is .3944

Prob(x > 17) = .3944 + .5000 = .8944
b) Prob(x < 13):
z =

13 22
= -2.25
4

from table A.5, area = .4878

Prob(x < 13) = .5000 - .4878 = .0122
c) P(25 < x < 31):
z =

31 22
= 2.25
4

from table A.5, area = .4878

z =

25 22
= 0.75
4

from table A.5, area = .2734

Prob(25 < x < 31) = .4878 - .2734 = .2144
6.10

= $1332

= $575

a) Prob(x > $2000):

z =

2000 1332
725

= 0.92

from Table A.5, the z = 0.92 yields:

.3212

Prob(x > $2000) = .5000 - .3212 = .1788

b) Prob(owes money) = Prob(x < 0):

z =

0 1332
= -1.84
725

from Table A.5, the z = -1.84 yields: .4671

Prob(x < 0) = .5000 - .4671 = .0329
c) Prob($100 < x < $700):
z =

100 1332
725

= -1.70

from Table A.5, the z = -1.70 yields:

z =

700 1332
725

.4554

= -0.87

from Table A.5, the z = -0.87 yields:

.3078

Prob($100 < x < $700) = .4554 - .3078 =

.1476

6.11 = $30,000 = $9,000

a) Prob($15,000 < x < $45,000):
z =

45 ,000 30 ,000
9,000

= 1.67

From Table A.5, z = 1.67 yields:

z =

15 ,000 30 ,000
9,000

.4525

= -1.67

From Table A.5, z = -1.67 yields:

.4525

Prob($15,000 < x < $45,000) = .4525 + .4525 = .9050

b) Prob(x > $50,000):
z =

50 ,000 30 ,000
9,000

= 2.22

From Table A.5, z = 2.22 yields: 4868

Prob(x > $50,000) = .5000 - .4868 = .0132
c) Prob($5,000 < x < $20,000):
z =

5,000 30 ,000
9,000

= -2.78

From Table A.5, z = -2.78 yields:

z =

20 ,000 30 ,000
9,000

.4973

= -1.11

From Table A.5, z = -1.11 yields

.3665

Prob($5,000 < x < $20,000) = .4973 - .3665 = .1308

d) 90.82% of the values are greater than x = $7,000.
Then x = $7,000 is in the lower half of the distribution and .9082 - .
5000 =
.4082 lie between x and .
From Table A.5, z = -1.33 is associated with an area of .4082.
Solving for :
z =
-1.33 =

7,000 30 ,000

= 17,293.23
e) = $9,000. If 79.95% of the costs are less than $33,000, x =
$33,000 is in
the upper half of the distribution and .7995 - .5000 = .2995 of the
values lie
between $33,000 and the mean.
From Table A.5, an area of .2995 is associated with z = 0.84

Solving for :
z =
0.84 =

33 ,000
9,000

= $25,440

6.12 = 200,

= 47

Determine x

a) 60% of the values are greater than x:

Since 50% of the values are greater than the mean, = 200, 10% or .
1000 lie
between x and the mean. From Table A.5, the z value associated with
an area
of .1000 is z = -0.25. The z value is negative since x is below the mean.
Substituting z = -0.25, = 200, and = 47 into the formula and
solving for x:
z =
-0.25 =

x 200
47

x = 188.25

b) x is less than 17% of the values.

Since x is only less than 17% of the values, 33% (.5000- .1700) or .3300
lie

between x and the mean. Table A.5 yields a z value of 0.95 for an area
of
.3300. Using this z = 0.95, = 200, and = 47, x can be solved for:
z =
0.95 =

X 200
47

x = 244.65
c) 22% of the values are less than x.
Since 22% of the values lie below x, 28% lie between x and the mean
(.5000 - .2200). Table A.5 yields a z of -0.77 for an area of .2800.
Using the z
value of -0.77, = 200, and = 47, x can be solved for:
z =
-0.77 =

x 200
47

x = 163.81
d) x is greater than 55% of the values.
Since x is greater than 55% of the values, 5% (.0500) lie between x and
the
mean. From Table A.5, a z value of 0.13 is associated with an area of .
05.
Using z = 0.13, = 200, and = 47, x can be solved for:
z =
0.13 =

6.22

n = 300

x 200
47

x = 206.11
p = .53

= 300(.53) = 159

n p q = 300 (. 53 )(. 47 )

= 8.645

Test: + 3 = 159 + 3(8.645) = 133.065 to 184.935

which lies between 0 and 300. It is okay to use the normal distribution as
an approimation on parts a) and b).
a) Prob(x > 175 transmission)
correcting for continuity: x = 175.5
z =

175 .5 159
8.645

= 1.91

from A.5, the area for z = 1.91 is .4719

Prob(x > 175) = .5000 - .4719 = .0281
b) Prob(165 < x < 170)
correcting for continuity: x = 164.5; x = 170.5
z =

170 .5 159
8.645

= 1.33

z =

164 .5 159
8.645

= 0.64

from A.5, the area for z = 1.33 is .4082

the area for z = 0.64 is .2389
Prob(165 < x < 170) = .4082 - .2389 = .1693
For parts c and d:

n = 300

p = .60

= 300(.60) = 180
=

n p q = 300 (. 60 )(. 40 )

= 8.485

Test: + 3 = 180 + 3(8.485) = 180 + 25.455

154.545 to 205.455 lies between 0 and 300
It is okay to use the normal distribution to
approimate c) and d)

c) Prob(155 < x < 170 personnel):

correcting for continuity: x = 154.5; x = 170.5
z =

170 .5 180
8.485

= -1.12

z =

154 .5 180
8.485

= -3.01

from A.5, the area for z = -1.12 is .3686

the area for z = -3.01 is .4987
Prob(155 < x < 170) = .4987 - .3686 = .1301
d) Prob(x < 200 personnel):
correcting for continuity: x = 199.5
z =

199 .5 180
8.485

= 2.30

from A.5, the area for z = 2.30 is .4893

Prob(x < 200) = .5000 + .4893 = .9893
6.23 p = .16 n = 130
Conversion to normal dist.: = n(p) = 130(.16) = 20.8
=

n p q = 130 (. 16 )(. 84 )

= 4.18

a) Prob(x > 25):

Correct for continuity: x = 25.5
z =

25 .5 20 .8
= 1.12
4.18

from table A.5, area = .3686

Prob(x > 20) = .5000 - .3686 = .1314
b) Prob(15 < x < 23):
Correct for continuity: 14.5 to 23.5

z =

14 .5 20 .8
= -1.51
4.18

z =

23 .5 20 .8
= 0.65
4.18

from table A.5, area for z = -1.51 is .4345

area for z = 0.65 is .2422
Prob(15 < x < 23) = .4345 + .2422 = .6767
c) Prob(x < 12):
correct for continuity:
z =

x = 11.5

11 .5 20 .8
= -2.22
4.18

from table A.5, area for z = -2.22 is .4868

Prob(x < 12) = .5000 - .4868 = .0132
d) Prob(x = 22):
correct for continuity:

21.5 to 22.5

z =

21 .5 20 .8
= 0.17
4.18

z =

22 .5 20 .8
= 0.41
4.18

from table A.5, area for 0.17 = .0675

area for 0.41 = .1591
7.18

Prob(x = 22) = .1591 - .0675 = .0916

= 99.9
= 30
n = 38
a) Prob( x < 90):
x

z =

N n
N 1

90 99 .9
30
= -2. 03
38

from table A.5, area = .4788

Prob( x < 90) = .5000 - .4788 = .0212
b) Prob(98 <

< 105):

z =

N n
N 1

105 99 .9
30

= 1.05

38

from table A.5, area = .3531

x

z =

N n
N 1

98 99 .9
30

= -0.39

38

from table A.5, area = .1517

Prob(98 <

< 105) = .3531 + .1517 = .5048

c) Prob( x < 112):

x

z =

N n
N 1

112 99 .9
30
= 2.49
38

from table A.5, area = .4936

Prob( x < 112) = .5000 - .4936 = .0064
d) Prob(93 <

< 96):

z =

N n
N 1

93 99 .9
30
= -1.42
38

from table A.5, area = .4222

z =

N n
N 1

96 99 .9
30
= -0.80
38

from table A.5, area = .2881

Prob(93 <

7.20

< 96) = .4222 - .2881 = .1341

= $21.45

= $65.12
Prob( x >

x0

n = 45

) = .2300

Prob. x lies between x 0 and = .5000 - .2300 = .2700

from Table A.5, z.2700 = 0.74
Solving for

x0

x0

z =

x 0 65 .12
21 .45
0.74 =
45

2.366 =
x0

7.27

P = .48

x0

- 65.12

= 65.12 + 2.366 = 67.486

n = 200

a) Prob(x < 90):

90
= .45
200

p P

P Q
n

z =

.45 .48
(. 48 )(. 52 )
200

= -0.85

from Table A.5, the area for z = -0.85 is .3023

Prob(x < 90) = .5000 - .3023 = .1977
b) Prob(x > 100):

100
= .50
200

p P

P Q
n

z =

.50 .48
(. 48 )(. 52 )
200

= 0.57

from Table A.5, the area for z = 0.57 is .2157

Prob(x > 100) = .5000 - .2157 = .2843
c) Prob(x > 80):

80
200

p P

z =

P Q
n

= .40
=

.40 .48
(. 48 )(. 52 )
200

= -2.26

from Table A.5, the area for z = -2.26 is .4881

7.28

Prob(x > 80) = .5000 + .4881 = .9881

P = .19
n = 950
a) Prob( p
> .25):

z =

p P
=
P Q
n

.25 .19
(. 19 )(. 89 ) = 4.71
950

from Table A.5, area = .5000

> .25) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000
Prob( p

 < .20):
b) Prob(.15 < p

z =

p P
=
P Q
n

.15 .19
(. 19 )(. 81)
950

z =

p P
=
P Q
n

.20 .19
(. 19 )(. 89 ) = 0.79
950

= -3.14

from Table A.5, area for z = -3.14 is .4992

from Table A.5, area for z = 0.79 is .2852
Prob(.15 < p
< .20) = .4992 + .2852 = .7844
c) Prob(133 < x < 171):
1 =
p

133
950

= .14

2 =
p

171
950

= .18

< .18):
Prob(.14 < p

z =

p P
=
P Q
n

.14 .19
(. 19 )(. 81)
950

= -3.93

z =

p P
=
P Q
n

.18 .19
(. 19 )(. 81)
950

= -0.79

from Table A.5, the area for z = -3.93 is .49997

the area for z = -0.79 is .2852
P(133 < x < 171) = .49997 - .2852 = .21477