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In case of spg industry the basic R.M. is fibre which has a very high
degree of variability. Its measurement is really a tough task but it is often said that
If you can measure it then and then only you can manage it.
order to understand the role of imp. properties, we will see the diagram showing
that contribution of fibre properties into yarn quality in ring as well as rotor spg
(fig.1)
Now most of the fibre measuring techniques are labourious and time
gives boon to textile testing and this is known as HVI High volume instrument.
These methods are laborious and time consuming. High speed and
reliable testing instrument are the present need of mills to produce a good quality
SCREEN Microbalance
PRINTER
Colour Reflectance
Length & strength
measurement unit
Fineness
Measurement
Sample
Preparation
Length
22%
Strength
20%
Length
uniformity
20%
Fineness
14%
Length
12%
Uniformity index
• Length uniformity
Uniformity ratio
• U.I. = UHML/ML
combing device.
colour chart.
strength.
nonaligned fiber specimen form. This method allows full automatic production of a
suitable fiber tuft for measurement. The preparation of specimen includes combing to
straighten and parallelise the fibers and brushing to remove fiber crimps. The fiber
specimen a theoretically wedge shaped body is lowered in steps of 0.1mm through a slot
into a vacuum chamber. The vacuum in the chamber increases as the slot is closed by the
wedge shaped fiber tuft The change in vacuum is proportional to the increasing fiber
mass in the fiber wedge An extremely sensitive sensor converts the changes in the
vacuum into electric signals. The length haracteristics reported by this system are upper
half mean length, mean length, uniformity index, short fiber content, etc Uniformity
index is the ratio of the mean length and upper half mean length expressed in percentage.
This measure gives an idea about the distribution of fiber length. A value of 80 is
considered average length uniformity. The short fiber content gives the percent of fibers
smaller than 12.7mm length (by weigh) In Spinlab HVI system the measurement of the
specimens at a given distance from the base of the taste beard. The beard is
scanned photoelectrically from base to tips the amount of light passing through the
distances from the comb. The results it reports are 2.5% span length expressed in
percentage.
Fineness :-
like other air-flow instruments. The principle of measurement is also very much
similar to conventional air-flow instruments. The repeatability of the data and the
operator ease of performing the tests have been improved slightly by elimination
of weighing the samples exactly the samples exactly the specified weight. Some
tolerance has been incorporated to reduce weighing time. In a USDA test of HVI
system on over 77,000 bales using only one measurement per bale in each
each other within O.I micronnair units in 77% of the bales. A very good
correlation was observed by Balasubramanian, Basu and Ravindranathan
Fiber strength
In HVI the fiber bunch prepared for length testing. Spinlab HVI the
test specimen is scanned for length and simultaneously a fibrogrm and the optical
mass of the beard are recorded by the microprocessors. Next the comb is
positioned for clamping the fiber beard for two jaws spaced at 3.2mm . The rear
jaw retracts at a constant rate of extension (C.R.E.) until the fibers are broken. A
force reading is taken at 0.02mm of movement and the entire stress -strain curve is
recorded. The force is divided by optical mass at amount value of 200 to give the
tenacity. Since fibers with smaller diameter scatter more light than the fibers with
larger diameter the optical mass is corrected with respective micronnaire value.
Among all other parameters tested by HVI the strength measurements is the most
the results.
stelometer is CRT.
2) Rates of bundle extension on the two HVI systems are nearly equal, and both
are 10-70 times faster than convential laboratory methods. Stelometer is adjusted
to provide a I kg/sec loading rate, where as pressly is set so that the weight travels
from 5 Ibs load point to 20 Ibs. load point in one second for HVI, the rate of jaws
disablement at 0.13 in/sec for MCI and 0.14 in/sec for spinlab.
3) In stelometer, while preparing samples most of the fiber's take part in bundle
strength testing.
For measuring the color, the cotton is placed on glass window measuring 3.5"
amount of pressure plate that applies a constant amount of pressure during the test
is located above the color window. To measure the color and trash, the operator
presses the color start button causing the pressure plate descended to the test
window. The calorimeter of HVI uses two lamps to illuminate a sample during
testing reflected light passes through filters and photodiodes to measure the two
(+b) values. These values can be converted into the equivental USDA color grade
codes based on the universal standards for grading American upland and pima
cotton.
While assessing color, it measures the trash content. The trash meter
of this instrument is an automated video image processor that measures the visible
leaf or trash. The digital image produces result such as trash area and trash count.
Trash area is given by the percent of sample viewing area occupied by trash. Trash
greater than or equal to 0.01 inch. These two measures, i.e. color and trash are
reflectance(Rd%) has good relationship with trash; the Rd value decreases with
index of Indian cottons based on the colorimeter value of HVI. The trash
parameter reported by HVI are quite different as compared to that of shirely trash
analyzer. HVI employs optical means to identify trash and below 0.01" , it cannot
method where dusts, microdust are also accounted. Very few work has been
carried out in this aspect. Taylor's opined that for counting trash HVI produces low
reading for tinged and yellow stained cotton compared to the trend indicated by
other cotton's, the difficulty in counting trash in yellow cotton can be explained
two factor's. Firstly, in this type of cotton much of the visible trash is composed of
motes immature seeds and short fiber. Which are hidden from the view of the
camera and, secondly, the reduces contrast between brown trash and yellow cotton
Applications :-
(1) Bale Mgt :- It is based on categorising the cotton bales according to fibre
(2) Yarn Engineering :- It is nothing but prediction of yarn properties from fibre
Advantages of HVI
1. High accuracy, which will causes to give more precise result and are can
Conclusion :-
technique.
Bibliography :-