@

Document No: FOR 00

ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS
AWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
KAKINADA
III Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem

ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
UNIT I
ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS : Introduction, Radiation Mechanism single wire, 2 wire,
dipoles, Current Distribution on a thin wire antenna . Antenna Parameters - Radiation Patterns,
Patterns in Principal Planes,Main Lobe and Side Lobes, Beamwidths, Beam Area, Radiation
Intensity, Beam EIIiciency, Directivty, Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture
EIIiciency, EIIective Hight. Related Problems.
UNIT II
Thin Linear Wire Antennas: Retarded Potentials, Radiation Irom Small Electric Dipole,
Quarterwave Monopole and HalIwave Dipole Current Distributions, Evaluation oI Field
Components, Power Radiated, Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, EIIective Area
and EIIective Hight. Natural current distributions, Iields and patterns oI Thin Linear Center-Ied
Antennas oI diIIerent lengths, Radiation Resistance at a point which is not current maximum.
Antenna Theorems Applicability and ProoIs Ior equivalence oI directional characteristics,
Loop Antennas : Small Loops - Field Components, Comparison oI Iar Iields oI small loop and
short dipole, Concept oI short magnetic dipole, D and Rr relations Ior small loops.
UNIT III
ANTENNA ARRAYS : 2 element arrays diIIerent cases, Principle oI Pattern Multiplication,
N element UniIorm Linear Arrays Broadside, EndIire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity,
Derivation oI their characteristics and comparison; Concept oI Scanning Arrays. Directivity
Relations (no derivations). Related Problems. Binomial Arrays, EIIects oI UniIorm and Non-
uniIorm Amplitude Distributions, Design Relations.




@
Document No: FOR 00
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS

UNIT IV
NON-RESONANT RADIATORS : Introduction, Travelling wave radiators basic concepts,
Longwire antennas Iield strength calculations and patterns, V-antennas, Rhombic Antennas
and Design Relations, Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas SigniIicance, Geometry, basic
properties; Design considerations Ior monoIilar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal
Modes (Qualitative Treatment).
UNIT V
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I : Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi -
Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles & their characteristics. ReIlector Antennas : Flat Sheet and Corner
ReIlectors. Paraboloidal ReIlectors Geometry, characteristics,types oI Ieeds, F/D Ratio, Spill
Over, Back Lobes, Aperture Blocking, OII-set Feeds, Cassegrainian Feeds|.
UNIT VI
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - II : Horn Antennas Types, Optimum
Horns, Design Characteristics oI Pyramidal Horns; Lens Antennas Geometry, Features,
Dielectric Lenses and Zoning, Applications. Antenna Measurements Patterns Required, Set
Up, Distance Criterion, Directivity and Gain Measurements (Comparison, Absolute and 3-
Antenna Methods).
UNIT VII
WAVE PROPAGATION - I: Concepts oI Propagation Irequency ranges and types oI
propagations. Ground Wave PropagationCharacteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt, Flat and
Spherical Earth Considerations. Sky Wave Propagation Formation oI Ionospheric Layers and
their Characteristics, Mechanism oI ReIlection and ReIraction, Critical Frequency, MUF & Skip
Distance Calculations Ior Ilat and spherical earth cases, Optimum Frequency, LUHF, Virtual
Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities, Ionospheric Absorption.




@
Document No: FOR 00
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS
UNIT VIII
WAVE PROPAGATION - II: Fundamental Equation Ior Free-Space Propagation, Basic
Transmission Loss Calculations. Space Wave Propagation Mechanism, LOS and Radio
Horizon. Tropospheric Wave Propagation Radius oI Curvature oI path, EIIective Earth`s
Radius, EIIect oI Earth`s Curvature, Field Strength Calculations, M-curves and Duct
Propagation, Tropospheric Scattering.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Antennas Ior All Applications John D. Kraus and Ronald J. MarheIka, TMHl, 3rd Edn.,
2003.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed.,
2000.
REFERENCES :
1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 2001.
2. Antennas and Wave Propagation K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications,
New Delhi, 2001.
3. Transmission and Propagation E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book
oI Radio, vol. 5, Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 1955.
5. Antennas John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill, SECOND EDITION, 1988.










@
Document No: FOR 00
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS

LESSON PLAN ALIET/ERP/AWP/TP/LP
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2011-2012 CLASS/SEMESTER: III/1
FACULTY NAME: G.JAYARANI SUBJECT: AWP

S.NO
UNIT/TOPIC
NO
TOPIC NAME
NO. OF
CLASSE
S
REQUIR
ED
1.1
over view oI the subject

1
1.2
Introduction

2
1.3
Radiation Mechanism single wire, 2 wire, dipoles, Current
Distribution on a thin wire antenna .

3
1.4
Antenna Parameters - Radiation Patterns, Patterns in Principal
Planes,Main Lobe and Side Lobes, Beamwidths, Beam Area,
Radiation Intensity, Beam EIIiciency, Directivty, Gain and
Resolution,.


2
1.5
Antenna Apertures, Aperture EIIiciency, EIIective Hight. Related
Problems

2
1.6
PROBLEMS


1
2.1
Retarded potential

1
2.2
Lorenz gauge condition

1
@
Document No: FOR 00
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS
2.3
Basic antenna elements

1
2.4
Radiation oI hertizian dipole

1
2.5
Radiation Irom halI wave dipole

1
2.6
Radiation Irom quarter wave monopole

1
2.7
Radiation resistance and Ae

1
2.8
Problems and deIinitions

2
2.9
Loop antennas

2
3.1
Antenna arrays: introduction, types

1
3.2
Two-element uniIorm array

1
3.3
N-element uniIorm array

1
3.4
Broadside array

2
3.5
End Iire array

2
3.6
End Iire array with increased directivity

1
3.7
Directivities oI diIIerent arrays

1
3.8
Multiplication oI patterns

2
3.9
Binomial array

2
4.1
Non-resonant radiators introduction

1
4.2
Long wire antenna

2
4.3
V-antenna; inverted -V

2
4.4
Rhombic antenna

2
4.5
Helical antenna

2
5.1 Yagi Uda Antenna ,Iolded dipole antenana 2
5.2
Plane reIlector

1
@
Document No: FOR 00
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS
5.3
Corner reIlector

1
5.4
Parabolic reIlector

3
5.5
Types oI Ieeds in a parabolic reIlector

1
5.6
Types oI Ieeds

1
5.7
OIIset parabolaid; cassegrain Ieed

1
5.8
Advantages, disadvantages, applications oI
cassegrain Ieed

1
6.1
Horn antenna

2
6.2
Corrugated horn; lens antenna

1
6.3
Lens antenna

1
6.4
Antenna measurements

3
6.5 Problems 3

7.1
Wave propagation: Ground wave

1
7.2
Ground wave propagation

1
7.3
Ionospheric wave propagation

2
8.1
Space or tropospheric wave propagation

1
8.2
LOS; Radio Horizon

1
8.3
Electric Iield due to space wave

1
8.4
Duct propagation; troposcattering

1

Total No. oI hours:


@
Document No: FOR 00
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ssue Date:25.10.2010
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Revision No.01
Revision Date:
ALET/ERP/ECE/CF/SYLLABUS

TEXT BOOKS :






REFRENCES :






Signature oI Iaculty Signature oI HOD


1
Antennas- John D.Kraus & Ronald J .MarheIka,TMH
2
Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems-E C Jordan& K G
Balmain, PHI
3 Antenna Theory-Constantine A Balanis, John wiley &sons Publ
4 Antennas and wave propagation K D Prasad, Satya Prakashan Publ
1
Electronic and Radio Engineering F E Terman, McGraw-Hill Publ
2 Antennas and wave propagation G S N Raju, Pearson Education