/* * RC5 protocol implementation. * * Contributed by Georg-Johann Lay <georgjohann@web.de> * * @Author : Georg-Johann Lay * @Date : 2007-02-02 * @File : rc5.

h * @Language: ISO C 99 * @Purpose : Implementation of RC5 receiver software */ /* This implementation assumes a ONE to be encoded as HIGH-LOW transition and a ZERO encoded as LOW-HIGH transition, i.e. just the other way round as specified by the RC5 contract. This inversion comes from the IR receiver's open collector output driver that inverts the signal. The RC5 signal consists of 14 bits ================================== AGC (Automatic Gain Control) These two bits allow the RC5 receiver hardware's input amplifier to adapt to the signal level. TOGGLE bit (aka FLIP bit) This bit toggles each time a new key is pressed. That allows to distinguish between holding down a key and pressing a key twice or more. ADDRESS Five address bits to select a device (0=TV, 20=CD, ...). COMMAND Six bits of very information. To support more than 64 commands, newer RC5 like protocols use a seventh bit whose complement is transmitted as second AGC bit. Thus, an RC5 frame looks like this: G ~C6 F A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0

With C6 always 0 (i.e. second AGC always 1) if just 64 commands are supported. An RC5 bit ========= consists of two parts: The first half bit and the second half bit which are separated by the respective signal level transition. Between two bits there may or may not be a transition. A Bit lasts 1728 s.

*/

#ifndef _RC5_H_ #define _RC5_H_

#include <inttypes.h> /* A typical snippet of C code will look like this: (Sample code for AVR and avr-gcc. Compile `rc5-avr.c' and link against the generated object. Compile: avr-gcc -Os -c rc5-avr.c -mmcu=... -DF_CPU=...) #include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/interrupt.h> #include "rc5.h" int main (void) { // Initialize Hardware // Allow any RC5 device address rc5_init (RC5_ALL); // enable all interrupts sei(); // main loop while (1) { // New RC5 frame arrived? if (rc5.flip >= 0) { // Yes: // evaluate RC5 data in `rc5' or make a local copy // of it for later use ... // Tell receiver software to get more RC5 frames rc5.flip = -1; } // done RC5 } // main loop // We never come here, thus no return needed. // It would be dead, anyway... */ /* }

*/ typedef struct

The structure that represents an RC5 frame. If rc5.flip = -1, then the receiver will listen for a new RC5 frame an pass it in `rc5' upon reception, provided the address matches. After reception of a frame, `rc5.flip' will be 0 or 1. After you got the RC5 data, just set rc5.flip to -1 again to indicate you read the data and the next RC5 frame may be received.

// The RC5 code (command) uint8_t code; // The device address: 0=TV ... uint8_t addr; // The flip bit volatile int8_t flip;

// This is not used by the RC5 software. It may be used by the application. // The main purpose of this field is to make `rc5_t' to have a size // of 4 bytes (instead of 3). This is much better if the user makes a local // copy of the rc5 object because the copy then can be hold in registers // and saves the overhead of a frame. char info; } rc5_t; // Publish `rc5'. extern rc5_t rc5; /* Initialize the RC5 receiver software. Pass the device address to listen to in `addr'. If the MSB of `addr' is set, then all device addresses are accepted. You may use `RC5_ALL' as address in that case. */ extern void rc5_init (uint8_t addr); #define RC5_ALL 0xff // // // // // // There is an extension of the RC5 protocol that features a seventh command bit and thereby extends the number of commands from 64 to 128. This bit's complement is shipped as the second AGC bit. To activate the recognition of such RC5 frames (i.e. frames with command = 64...127) just define the following macro or add `-DRC5_RC6' to the compiler's command line arguments.

// #define RC5_RC6 #endif /* _RC5_H_ */

Rc5.c
/* * * * * * * * * RC5 decoder Contributed by Georg-Johann Lay <georgjohann@web.de> @Author : @Date : @File : @Language: Georg-Johann Lay 2007-02-02 rc5.c ISO C 99

* @Purpose : Implementation of RC5 receiver, target independent part. * Do not compile this file. * It is just included by the target dependent part `rc5-foo.h'. */ /* To implement an RC5 receiver there are basically two approaches: -1Look at the signal level in time gaps of a bit's or half bit's duration. This gives a straight forward and simple implementation. However, the time intervals must be followed very strictly. Otherwise, synchronization will get lost and the receiver won't work. So one needs a quite exact timer. Moreover, not all RC5 transmitters follow exactly the RC5 signal standard and introduce tolerances in bit durations that make this approach obsolete. -2Synchronize with the signal at each signal edge and evaluate the time that elapsed since the last edge. This approch is much more powerful: It does not need sophisticated timer capabilities, allows both integrity checks of the received data and allowing tolerances in the transmitted protocol. */ We take way -2-

// The rc5 data struct to communicate with the application // typedef'ed in `rc5.h' rc5_t rc5; // Some tweaks... #ifdef __GNUC__ # define inline __attribute__((always_inline)) #endif // GCC // Target dependent stuff that is needed in `rc5_init'. // The implementation can be found in the target dependent source file. static inline void rc5_timer_run (void); static inline void rc5_timer_enable_irq (void); static inline void rc5_xint_enable (void); // (Mostly) target independent RC5 algorithms, implemented in this file static inline void rc5_timer_isr (void); static inline void rc5_xint_isr (void); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // An RC5 frame has 14 bits: // G1 G2[~C.6] F A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 // G: automatic Gain control bits // F: flip bit, aka. toggle bit // A: address // C: command, complement if G2 may serve as seventh command bit #define RC5_BITS_PER_FRAME 14

// Time in s for a whole bit of RC5 (first & second half bit) #define RC5_BIT_US (64*27) // Number of timer ticks for the duration of one RC5 bit. // This can be used in a C source or by the preprocessor for // a range check, i.e. a valid F_CPU/RC5_PRESCALE ratio. #define RC5_TICKS_VAL \ F_CPU / 1000 * RC5_BIT_US / 1000 / RC5_PRESCALE #define RC5_TICKS \ ((uint8_t) ((uint32_t) (RC5_TICKS_VAL))) #define RC5_DELTA \ ((RC5_TICKS_VAL) / 6) // Test RC5_TICKS_VAL for a reasonable value #if (RC5_TICKS_VAL > 200) || (RC5_TICKS_VAL < 12) #error This is a bad combination of F_CPU and RC5_PRESCALE! #endif // This union allows to access 16 bits as word or as two bytes. // This approach is (probably) more efficient than shifting. union data16 { uint16_t asWord; uint8_t asByte[2]; }; // Local information that we need just in this file struct { // The very RC5 data buffer union data16 data; // The address we shall listen to: // If the MSB is set all addresses are welcome uint8_t addr; // Number of edges (external interrupts) occured so far uint8_t nedge; // Number of half bits bits received so far uint8_t hbits; } rc5_info; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void rc5_init (uint8_t addr) { // Save RC5 address that we listen to rc5_info.addr = addr; // Reset half bit count rc5_info.hbits = 0; // .flip = -1: no RC5 data available, listen rc5.flip = -1; // Initialize the hardware

rc5_timer_run (); rc5_timer_enable_irq (); rc5_xint_enable ();

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // This routine evaluates the RC5 frame and stores it in the // `rc5' struct, provided it is ok and the address matches. void rc5_timer_isr (void) { // The collected bits. union data16 data = rc5_info.data; // Number of bits uint8_t nbits = (uint8_t) (1+rc5_info.hbits) / 2; // An RC5 frame consists of 14 bits. if (RC5_BITS_PER_FRAME == nbits #ifdef RC5_RC6 // check for the first AGC bit to be 1 && data.asByte[1] >= 0x20 #else // check for the two AGC bits to be 1 && data.asByte[1] >= 0x30 #endif // RC6 // Did the application allow reception of new RC5 data? && rc5.flip < 0) { uint8_t rc5_code; uint8_t rc5_addr; // We do the bit manipulation stuff by hand because of code size. rc5_code = data.asByte[0] & 0x3f; // 0b00111111 : Bits #0..#5 #ifdef RC5_RC6 // Second AGC is abused as ~code.6 if (0 == (data.asByte[1] & 0x10)) rc5_code |= (1 << 6); #endif // RC6 // Gather all address bits in data.asByte[1] data.asWord <<= 2; rc5_addr = data.asByte[1] & 0x1f; // 0b00011111 : Bits #6..#10 // Are we addressee? if (rc5_info.addr == rc5_addr || rc5_info.addr >= 128) { // Yes. Store the RC5 frame: code (command), address and flip. rc5.addr = rc5_addr; rc5.code = rc5_code; int8_t flip = 0; if (data.asByte[1] & 0x20) // 0b00100000 : Bit #11 flip = 1; rc5.flip = flip; }

} // If we land here and `hbits' is not as expected, // we did not store anything and do just a reset. // Reset and wait for the next RC5 frame rc5_info.hbits = 0; } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // This routine collects the bits void rc5_xint_isr (void) { // The number of half bits. uint8_t hbits = rc5_info.hbits; // // // // // if Either we are done with this frame or this is no RC5. ...maybe some other protocol, maybe a transient error or the like. Just run into the timer overflow and clean up the mess there. Disabling XINT is not the best idea if we have code size in mind. Errors will not occur very often, anyway. (hbits >= 2*RC5_BITS_PER_FRAME -1) return;

// Read the timer value. uint8_t timer = RC5_TIMER_REG; // Reset the timer to 0. RC5_TIMER_REG = 0; // The number of edges (interrupts) occured so far. uint8_t nedge = rc5_info.nedge; // Start of a new RC5 frame? if (0 == hbits) { // Yes: // We are only interested in falling edges if (1 == (RC5_PIN_REG >> RC5_PAD) % 2) return; // Set all bits of RC5 frame and edge count to 0 rc5_info.data.asWord = 0; nedge = 0; // Mimic the first AGC's first half bit timer = RC5_TICKS/2; Number of half bits of the just elapsed period is 1 or 2 or invalid. As RC5 toggles in the middle of each bit one interval of constant signal level lasts RC5_TICKS or RC5_TICKS/2. In the first case, a bit's second part has the same level as the subsequent bit's first part.

} // // // // // //

// We received at least one half bit.

hbits++; // Test interval's length if (timer > RC5_TICKS - RC5_DELTA) { // Two half bits: one more... hbits++; // reduce the validity check to the case of one half bit. timer -= RC5_TICKS/2; } // Test if a half bit's length is invalid: // |timer - RC5_TICKS/2| > RC5_DELTA ? if (timer < RC5_TICKS/2 - RC5_DELTA || timer > RC5_TICKS/2 + RC5_DELTA) { // Invalid: // Setting `nbits' to some invalid value will make // this ISR and the timer ISR ignore the rubbish. hbits = 0xff; // Force a soon timer overflow RC5_TIMER_REG = -RC5_TICKS; } else {

// // // // if {

Valid: Test if the edge occured in the middle of a bit, i.e. if the number of half bits is odd. If so, this edge tells us the bit's value. (hbits % 2 == 1) // We shift data left by one and then store the // received bit in the LSB. This is best because // RC5 is big endian (MSB first). union data16 data = rc5_info.data; data.asWord <<= 1; // // // // if Store the bit. Edge polarity toggles; due to signal inversion, a falling edge (even) is a ONE and a raising edge (odd) is a ZERO. Note that edge count starts at 0. (nedge % 2 == 0) data.asByte[0] |= 1;

// Store data rc5_info.data = data; if (hbits >= 2*RC5_BITS_PER_FRAME -1) // We have collected all bits. // Maybe there will be one more IRQ (hbit) but we do not care. // Frame is complete: force a soon timer overflow. RC5_TIMER_REG = -RC5_TICKS; } }

// write back the local copies rc5_info.hbits = hbits; rc5_info.nedge = 1+nedge;