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Cancer 25: A dark shadow or mantle thrown suddenly over the right shoulder

T h e w o r d d a r k d e sc e n d s f r o m t h e I n d o E u r o p e a n ( I E ) r o o t d h er -1 w h i c h m e a n s t o m a k e m u d d y , d a r k n e s s. 1 I t s o t he r d e r i v a t i v e s i n c l u d e dre g, dri ve l , drab ( a f e m a l e p r o s t i t u t e ) , a t a ra ct i c ( o f o r r e l a t i n g t o a d r u g o r o t h e r a g e n t t h a t ha s a t r a n q ui l i z i n g e f f e ct ) , t ra c he a ( t he w i n d p i p e ) , t ra c h om a ( a c o n t a g i o u s di s e a se o f t h e c o n j u n ct i v a a n d c o r n e a , ca u s e d b y t h e g r a m - n e g a t i v e b a c t e r i u m a m a j o r c a u s e o f b l i n dn e s s i n A f r i c a a n d A s i a ) , a n d t ra c h yte ( a li g h t - c o l o r e d i gn e o u s r o c k ) . T h e w o r d s h adow i s a d e r i v a t i v e o f t he I E r o o t skot me a n i n g d a r k , s h a d e . 2 O t h e r d e r i v a t i v e s i n c l u d e s hade , s h e d ( a s m a l l st r u c t u r e , e i t he r f r e e s t a n d i n g o r a t t a c h e d t o a l a r g e r st r u c t u r e , s e r v i n g fo r s t o r a g e o r s h e l t e r ) , s c o ti a ( a h o l l o w c o n c a v e m ol d i n g a t o r n e a r t he b a se o f a c o l u m n ) , a n d s c o t om a ( a p a rt i a l lo s s o f v i s i o n o r b l i n d sp o t i n a n otherwise normal visual field). T h e w o r d t h rown de s c e n d s f r o m t h e IE r o o t t er e-1 , t o ru b , t u rn . A m o n g i t s p a r o n ym s a r e t he w o r d s at re s i a ( t h e a b s e n c e o r c l o s u r e o f a n o r m a l b o d y o r i f i ce o r t u b u la r p a s s a ge ) , a tt o rn e y, at t rit io n , c on t o u r,

c o n t ri te , de t o u r, dia t ri be , dre dge ( t o c o a t f o o d b y sp r i n k l i n g w i t h a


p o w d e r , s u c h a s f lo u r o r s u g a r ) , dri l l , re t u rn, t h ra s h , t hre a d, t h re s h ,

t ra u m a , t ri te , a n d tro u t . 3
T h e w o r d s u dde n de s c e n d s f r o m t h e IE r o o t e i -1 w h i c h m e a n s t o g o . 4 A m o n g i t s p a r o n ym s a r e t he w o r d s adi t ( a n a l m os t h o r i z o n t a l e n t r a n c e
1 2 3 4 Watkins, Watkins, Watkins, Watkins, c. c. c. c. (2000), (2000), (2000), (2000), The The The The American American American American Heritage Heritage Heritage Heritage Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary of of of of Indo -European Indo -European Indo -European Indo-European 1 Roots, Roots, Roots, Roots, p. p. p. p. 18 79 91 22

Starling Hunter 2011

t o a m i n e ) , a m bi e nt , a mb it i o n, ci rc u i t, c o it u s , c o m i ti a ( p u b l i c a ss e m b l y o f t h e R o m a n p e o p l e f o r e l e ct i n g o f fi ce r s o r p a s s i n g l a w s) , e x i t, i n t ro it ( a h y m n o r p s a l m s u n g w h e n t h e mi n i s t e r s e n t e r a t t h e op e n i n g o f a s e r v i ce , e s p e c i a l l y i n t he An g l i c a n C h u r c h) , i ss u e , ob it u a ry, p e ris h , p ra e t o r ( a n a n n u a l l y e l e c t e d ma g i s t r a t e o f t he a n c i e n t R o m a n R e p u b l i c , ) , p ret e rit ,

s e di t i on , t ra n ce, t ra n s ie n t, t ra n si t , t ra n s it i ve, i on , a ni o n, c at i o n, R a m a ya n a ( a S a n s kr i t e p i c) , c o m m e n ce , i n it i a l, i n it i at e, co u n t , c o u n t y, vi s c o u n t, e rran t, i ti n e ra ry, ja n it o r, J an u a ry, Ja n u s, H i naya n a , a n d


Mahayana. T h e w o r d o v e r de sc e n d s f r o m t h e I E ro o t u pe r- w h i c h me a n s o v e r a n d f r o m w h i c h a l so d e s c e n d t he w o rd s s o ve re i gn, s up er, s u pe rb,

s u p e ri o r, s up re m e, t h e p r e f i x , s i rl o in , s u p e rna l , s u m , s um m i t , s o p ran o , s o m e rs a u l t a n d t he p r e f i x e s s u pe r - , s up ra - , a n d s u r -. 5
T h e w o r d r i ght d e sc e n d s f r o m t h e I E ro o t r e g- w h i c h m e a n s t o m o v e i n a s t r a i g h t l i n e a n d w h o s e d o z e n s o f d e r i v a t i v e s c o n n o t e d i r e ct i n g, l e a d i n g, a n d r u l i n g . 6 A m o n g t h e m a r e fo u n d s e v e r a l a u t h or i t y f i g u r e s , e . g .

ra j , ( m a ha ) ra j a h, re c t o r, re ge n t, vi c ero y , a s w e l l a s t he a d j u n c t s a n d
i n s t r u m e n t s o f t h e i r p o w e r , e . g. a ddres s , a rro ga t e, c o rrec t i o n, di re ct i ve,

i n t e rro gat i o n, p re ro ga t i ve, ra n k, re gim e , re gio n, re i gn, re a l m , re gu l a t i on, and rule.


TH EMES : T h e f i r s t t h e m e c on c e r n s DA RKNE SS . In a d d i t i o n t o t he k e y w o r d d a rk t h e re i s a l s o t he k e y w or d s h adow w h i c h de s c e n d s f r o m a root that means dark, shade. A s e c o n d t he m e c on c e r n s BL IND NE SS . R e c a l l t ha t a m o n g t h e p a r o n y m s o f d a r k i s t h e w o r d t ra c h o m a a c on t a g i o u s d i s e a s e o f t h e c o n j u n c t i v a a n d c o r n e a , ca u s e d b y t h e g r a m - n e g a t i v e b a c t e r i u m ( a n d ) a ma j o r ca u s e o f b l i n d n e s s i n A f r i c a a n d A s i a . A m o n g t h e p a r o n y m s o f sh adow i s

s c o t o m a a p a r t i a l l o s s o f v i si o n o r b l i n d s p ot i n a n o t he r w i s e n o r ma l
visual field.
5 Watkins, c. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo -European Roots, p. 94 6 Watkins, c. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo -European Roots, p. 70 Starling Hunter 2011 2

A t h i r d t h e m e c o n ce r n s RU LE S a n d LAWS , RUL ERS a n d L AWMA KE RS , t h o s e w h o p r a c t i c e t h e l a w a n d t h o se w h o e m b o d y i t . Th e p a r on y m s o f t hrow n i n c l u d e s a tt o rn e y . A m o n g t h e p a r o n y m s o f sudd en i s a r e t he w o r d s c o m i t i a ( a p o p u l a r a ss e m b l y i n a n c i e n t R o m e h a vi n g l e g i s l a t i v e o r e l e c t o r a l d u t i e s) a n d p ra et o r ( a n a n n u a l l y e l e c t e d m a g i st r a t e o f t h e a n c i e n t R o ma n Re p u b l i c ) . T he p a r o n ym s o f o v er i n c l u d e s u p e ri o r ( t he h e a d o f a r e li g i o u s c o m m u n i t y , s u c h a s a m o n a s t e r y, a b b e y , o r c o n ve n t ) a n d s o ve rei gn ( On e t h a t e x e r c i s e s s up r e m e , p e r m a n e n t a u t h o r i t y ; a r u l e r o r m o n a r c h ; a k i n g o r q u e e n o r o t he r n o b l e s e r v i n g a s c hi e f o f s t a t e ) . F i n a l l y , t he p a r o n ym s o f r e a lm i n c l u d e re c t o r ( a R o ma n C a t h o l i c p r i e s t a p p o i n t e d t o b e ma n a g e r i a l a s w e l l a s s p i r i t u a l h e a d o f a c h u r c h o r o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n ) , re ge nt ( on e w h o r u l e s du r i n g t h e mi n o r i t y, a b s e n c e , o r d i s a b i li t y o f a m o n a r c h ; o n e a ct i n g a s a r u l e r o r g o v e r n or ) , ru l e r , ra n k , a n d re gi m e.

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