大陸沿海地區金流の逆襲

Coastal wealth radiates across inland China as road and rail investment help drive change

By James Kynge, Financial Times

Published: Mar 09, 2004

Inland cities such as Nanchang, capital of 以南昌，這個位於中國南方省份江西的首都

the southern Chinese province1 of Jiangxi, 為例。這些中國內陸地區的城市的地圖，對
have been largely off the map for foreign
外國與本地投資客來說是多多益善。僅僅四
and domestic investors. Only four years
ago, staff at its airport still referred to 年之前，機場的員工還將從來自國外旅客以
overseas tourists as "foreign guests", an 許多中國沿海地區早已不用的「外賓」身份
honorific long since discarded2 along 來禮遇著。
China's teeming 3 east coast.

But Nanchang's fortunes are changing. The 但南昌的命運突然來個大翻身。近年來中國

construction of several motorways and 大陸的國家興建多條高速公路與鐵路，大大
railways in the past few years has made the
縮小了地理上的距離限制，促使製造業由沿
city less remote and spurred 4 the migra-
tion of manufacturing industries inland 海省份改向內陸地區發展。
from the coast.

"You can reach Shanghai in six hours, Fuz- 「無論你是要到上海、福州或者是廣州，現

hou in six hours and Guangzhou in six 在你只需要就是六個鐘頭的時間，」南昌的
hours," Li Douluo, Nanchang's mayor, said 市長李豆羅在北京舉行的人民大會的會議中
in an interview at the National People's
Congress (NPC) in Beijing. 如此地說。

"You can reach 450m people within about 「南昌位處於珠江三角洲和長江三角洲之間

six hours of Nanchang. We are at a hub be-
四通八達的軸心地區。意思說，你只需六小
tween the Pearl River Delta and the
Yangtze River Delta." 時的車程即可接觸近四百五十萬的人口。」

The story of Nanchang illustrates an im- 南昌市的故事說明了一個顯而易見的重要事

portant emerging theme. The rapid devel- 實。過去二十年大陸在沿海地區的急速發展
opment of coastal China in the past two
是促使內陸地區發展成放射狀的都市的契
decades is starting to radiate 5 inland at a
considerable pace. The impoverished prov- 機。那些在1949年共產黨文化大革命的沸
inces of Jiangxi, Hunan and Anhui - caul- 騰鍋釜中飽受貧苦煎熬的省份，像是江西、
drons of the Communist revolution in 1949 湖南還有安徽現在已經蛻變為投資客最愛的
- are becoming favoured investment desti-
nations. 標的點。

1 province
2 discarded
3 teeming
4 spurred
5 radiate
1
大陸沿海地區金流の逆襲
Coastal wealth radiates across inland China as road and rail investment help drive change

By James Kynge, Financial Times

Published: Mar 09, 2004

The main lure6 of such places is the cheap 這些地區最吸引人的，莫過於當地的低廉的

cost of the labour they can offer. The aver- 勞工成本。在南昌的製造業平均工資約為每
age manufacturing wage in Nanchang is
個月人民幣六百元（相當約為72美元，58
about Rmb600 ($72, €58, £39) a month,
significantly 7 less than the Rmb900- 歐元與39英鎊），比起中國南方廣東省製造
Rmb1,000 common in the Pearl River 業最為稠密的珠江三角洲普遍每個月九百元
Delta, an area of concentrated manufactur- 到一千美元的工資要明顯來得便宜許多。
ing capacity in the southern province of
Guangdong.

Not surprisingly, it has been the industries 不出人意料之外，那些邊際利潤微薄的工業

with the thinnest profit margins that have
廠商成為轉移至內陸地區的第一人。「那些
been first to migrate 8. "The first arrivals
have been companies such as air- 第一批到達這邊的人，像是空調製造商這類
conditioner makers," said Mr Li, naming 的產業，」李市長細數像是天津格林柯爾工
Greencool, Midea and TCL, three large 廠、美的集團還有TCL移動通訊，這三家消
domestic manufacturers of consumer elec-
tronics. 費性電子產品的製造大廠都是首批來這的。

Teco Group, a Taiwanese home appliance 東元集團是台灣一家製造家電產品的廠商，

group, has also invested $30m to build a
同樣也投資三千萬美元在當地建造廠房來生
plant making refrigerators, air-
conditioners, humidifiers and microwave 產冷氣機、空調設備、除濕機與微波爐。
ovens.

However, in common with many areas of 然而，正如同中國大陸的許多地區一樣，南

China, Nanchang is suffering from a short- 昌正面臨著電力短缺以及鋼鐵、水泥、鋁料
age of electricity and chafing under the ris-
ing cost of steel, cement, aluminium and 還有其他仰賴進口的建築材料上漲的問題。
other inputs required to build factories.

6 lure
7 significantly
8 migrate
2
大陸沿海地區金流の逆襲
Coastal wealth radiates across inland China as road and rail investment help drive change

By James Kynge, Financial Times

Published: Mar 09, 2004

"We have done a deal with cement facto- 李市長對於原物料上漲的問題說道，「我們

ries in our area to sign long-term, fixed- 與本地的水泥廠商簽訂一個長期固定價格的
price contracts so as to shield ourselves
合約，以保護我們不受到成本變動影響。」
from rising costs," Mr Li said.

He laughed at the idea that Nanchang 儘管有人在人民公會時提出警告，南昌可能

might be suffering from 9 a surfeit 10 of in- 會因為投資過度興盛而造成嚴重的問題，應
vestment, in spite of warnings at the NPC 該確立的管制體系來加以約束工業的發展速
that the growth in certain industry sec-
tors11 needs to be restrained12 . 度。而李市長對於這個說法一笑置之。

"There is no question that our economy is 「毫無疑問地，我們市場經濟的確處於過熱

overheating. We are just starting to catch 的狀態，只不過我們現在才剛開始要迎頭趕
up with 13 the coastal areas," Mr Li said. 上沿海地區的經濟規模呢！」

Structural changes such as the construc- 以建築物的改變來說，像是基礎建設以及配

tion of infrastructure14 and new housing 合都市化的人口所建立的新型住宅都是造成
for an urbanising 15 population were drivers 長期需求的主因。根據計畫在2005年遷移
of long-term demand. The migration of
至南昌的農夫人口數約為一百八十萬至兩百
farmers to Nanchang was planned to in-
crease its population from 1.8m to 2.5m in 五十萬，至2010年將達到三百萬。
2005 and 3m in 2010.

9 suffering from
10 surfeit
11 sector
12 restrained
13 catch up with
14 infrastructure
15 urbanising
3