Peca 20110430

Process Engineering Current Awareness Report
April 30, 2011
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April 30, 2011
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April 30, 2011
CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS.....................................................................................................................................7 Race to the pump...........................................................................................................................................................................7 Petrochemicals: Cheap raw materials and a muted industry downturn add up to good times for U.S. companies.....................7 Making solar panels greener: Producing photovoltaic panels more sustainably will require reducing energy consumption, toxic substances.............................................................................................................................................................................8 USDA approves ethanol corn: Agriculture: Genetically modified crop will boost biofuel production, but critics raise red flags................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Organic Intermediates: Selective cascade isomerization reaction converts alkynes into alpha,omega-diesters.........................9 BP spill commission calls for sweeping changes in industry practices, federal regulation.......................................................10 New zeolite technologies help refiners crack crude and trucks clean up emissions..................................................................11 Field campaigns target the chemistry behind air quality and climate........................................................................................12 Gulf Spill: Researchers find that an anionic surfactant lingers months after its use in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill..............................................................................................................................................................................................12 Growing demand for renewable energy and electricity spurs push for smart............................................................................13 Renewable Energy: Continuous cerium oxide-based syngas generator suggests.......................................................................14 CHEMICAL ENGINEER.................................................................................................................................................................15 Analysis: Tce: From the credible to the incredible.....................................................................................................................15 Tce: Membranes, filtration & separation: A sieve for CO SUB 2...............................................................................................16 Tce: Health & safety: Testing times ahead..................................................................................................................................16 Tce: Process news: Bacteria make cellulosic isobutanol............................................................................................................17 Tce: Asia/contracts: Honeywell company to design biomass project.........................................................................................18 Tce: United Kingdom: Valero buys Chevron's Pembroke refinery.............................................................................................19 Tce: Australia: CO SUB 2 storage stocktake..............................................................................................................................19 News: Tce: US stretches ahead in race for CCS.........................................................................................................................20 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING: PROCESS INTENSIFICATION...........................................................21 A review of membrane selection for the dehydration of aqueous ethanol by pervaporation.....................................................21 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY..................................................................................................................22 Morphology prediction of benzoic acid crystals: Thermostats...................................................................................................22 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL.....................................................................................................................................23 Catalytic combustion kinetics of acetone and toluene over Cu SUB 0.13 Ce.............................................................................23 Effect of the organic additions on crystal growth behavior of ZrO SUB 2 nanocrystals prepared via sol-gel process............24 Fluidized bed processing of sodium tungsten manganese catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane..............................25 Surface-modified cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized continuously in supercritical methanol: Study of dispersion stability in ethylene glycol medium..............................................................................................................................................26 Theory of flow distribution in manifolds.....................................................................................................................................27 The simulations of tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)..........................................................................................................28 Transesterification kinetics of Camelina sativa oil on metal oxide catalysts under conventional and microwave heating conditions.....................................................................................................................................................................................29 CFD simulation of natural gas sweetening in a gas-liquid hollow-fiber membrane contactor.................................................29 Aqueous phase adsorption of toluene in a packed and fluidized bed of......................................................................................30 The effect of organosolv pretreatment variables on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse.............................................31 Carbon dioxide adsorption over zeolite-like metal organic frameworks (ZMOFs) having a sod topology: Structure and ionexchange effect.............................................................................................................................................................................32 Copper-ion exchanged Ti-pillared clays for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propylene................................................33 Enzymatic hydrolysis of microalgal biomass for bioethanol production....................................................................................34
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Kinetics of VOC absorption using capillary membrane contactor.............................................................................................35 Decomposition mechanism of phenol in water plasmas by DC discharge at atmospheric pressure.........................................35 Treatment of highly polluted paper mill wastewater by solar photocatalytic oxidation with synthesized nano TiO SUB 2......37 Diesel particulate matter combustion with CeO SUB 2 as catalyst. Part II:..............................................................................38 The catalytic stability of Mo/HZSM-5 in methane dehydroaromatization at..............................................................................39 Thermal and hydrothermal stability of a metal monolithic anodic alumina support for steam reforming of methane.............40 Kinetics of hydrotalcite catalyzed transesterification of tricaprylin and methanol for biodiesel synthesis................................41 Utilizing differential evolution (DE) technique to optimize operating conditions of an integrated thermally coupled direct DME synthesis reactor................................................................................................................................................................42 Cold modeling of a direct coupling autothermal methane reforming reactor............................................................................43 Kinetic study of catalytic esterification of butyric acid and n-butanol over Dowex 50Wx8-400................................................44 Extraction of sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.) oil with supercritical CO SUB 2 and subcritical propane: Experimental and modeling......................................................................................................................................................................................45 VOC absorption in a countercurrent packed-bed column using water/silicone oil mixtures: Influence of silicone oil volume fraction.........................................................................................................................................................................................46 Removal of methanol and 1-butanol from binary mixtures by absorption in rotating packed beds with blade packings.........47 Membrane foulants characterization in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating hypersaline oily wastewater........................48 CFD simulation of water removal from water/ethylene glycol mixtures by pervaporation.......................................................49 Studies on adsorption/desorption of nitrobenzene and humic acid onto/from activated carbon................................................49 Performance of calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production: A review.................................................50 Activity of nanocasted oxides for gas-phase dehydration of glycerol.........................................................................................51 Phenolic compounds biosorption onto Schizophyllum commune fungus: FTIR analysis, kinetics and adsorption isotherms modeling......................................................................................................................................................................................52 Preparation of supported Ni catalysts on various metal oxides with core/shell structures and their tests for the steam reforming of methane...................................................................................................................................................................53 Effect of temperature and concentration on treating NO in simulated diesel exhaust via SOFCs with Cu-added (LaSr)MnO SUB 3 cathode.............................................................................................................................................................................54 Significance of gas velocity change during the transport of CO SUB 2.....................................................................................55 Electricity generation from synthetic penicillin wastewater in an..............................................................................................55 Biomass pyrolysis in a micro-fluidized bed reactor: Characterization and kinetics.................................................................56 Effects of limestone calcination on the gasification processes in a BFB coal gasifier...............................................................57 Reactor modeling of sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of methane. Part II: Effect of operational parameters.........58 Improvement of acidification on dewaterability of oily sludge from flotation...........................................................................59 Amine-modified mesocellular silica foams for CO SUB 2 capture.............................................................................................60 Adiabatic operation of chromatographic fixed-bed reactors......................................................................................................61 Hydrodynamics of an FCC riser using energy minimization multiscale drag model................................................................62 Reactor modeling of sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of methane. Part I: Performance study of hydrotalcite and lithium zirconate-based processes...............................................................................................................................................63 Remediation of phenol-contaminated water by adsorption using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).....................................64 Exerting the structural advantages of Ir-in-CeO SUB 2 and Ir-on-CeO SUB 2 to widen the operating temperature window for preferential CO oxidation............................................................................................................................................................65 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS...................................................................................................................................66 Algal biofuels: The research........................................................................................................................................................66 Algal biofuels: The process.........................................................................................................................................................66 Algal biofuels: The backstory......................................................................................................................................................67 Reactions and separations: Preventing maldistribution in multi-pass trays...............................................................................68 Back to basics: Designing four-pass trays..................................................................................................................................68 Understanding electromagnetic flowmeters................................................................................................................................69
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Capturing CO SUB 2 : Membrane systems move forward..........................................................................................................69 Bringing a star to earth...............................................................................................................................................................70 Renewable power: Not yet ready for prime time.........................................................................................................................71 Back to basics: Agitating fibrous materials.................................................................................................................................71 On the horizon: Gazing into an energy crystal ball....................................................................................................................72 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DESIGN........................................................................................................73 Esterification of fatty acids in a thermally coupled reactive distillation column by the two-step supercritical methanol method .....................................................................................................................................................................................................73 Fuzzy cognitive approach of a molecular distillation process....................................................................................................74 Effect of beta-cyclodextrin on dissolution of methane in water...................................................................................................75 Molecular components-based representation of petroleum fractions.........................................................................................75 Enhanced ammonia synthesis in multifunctional reactor with in situ adsorption.......................................................................76 Kinetic study of the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of 1-butyne in presence of 1-butene over a commercial palladiumbased catalyst...............................................................................................................................................................................77 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE.......................................................................................................................................79 Kinetics of structure II gas hydrate formation for propane and ethane using an in-situ particle size analyzer and a Raman spectrometer................................................................................................................................................................................79 A CFD model for biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidized-bed reactors.............................................................................................79 Enclathration of hydrogen by organic-compound clathrate hydrates........................................................................................80 Dopant-free, polymorphic design of TiO SUB 2 nanocrystals by flame aerosol synthesis........................................................81 Experimental and modeling studies on the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction in a dense Pd-Ag packed-bed membrane reactor..........................................................................................................................................................................................82 Attainable regions of reactive distillation-Part III. Complex reaction scheme: Van de Vusse reaction....................................83 Adsorption and separation of CH SUB 4 /CO SUB 2 /N SUB 2 /H SUB 2 /CO.........................................................................84 Sorption-enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis-Multiscale reactor modeling.................................................................................85 Reaction kinetics and producer gas compositions of steam gasification of coal and biomass blend chars, part 2: Mathematical modelling and model validation..........................................................................................................................86 Effect of a dispersed immiscible liquid phase on the hydrodynamics of a bubble column and ebullated bed...........................87 Vapor-liquid equilibrium in amino acid salt system: Experiments and modeling......................................................................88 Reaction kinetics and producer gas compositions of steam gasification of coal and biomass blend chars, part 1: Experimental investigation.................................................................................................................................................................................89 Modeling of dry pressure drop for fully developed gas flow in structured packing using CFD simulations.............................90 Oxygen transport through dense BaBi SUB 0.05 Sc SUB 0.1 Co SUB 0.85 O SUB 3-delta ceramic membrane....................91 HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING................................................................................................................................................93 Sweet and sour.............................................................................................................................................................................93 Process insight: Comparing physical solvents for acid gas removal..........................................................................................93 Third generation heat tracers improve safety.............................................................................................................................94 Going a step further.....................................................................................................................................................................94 10 steps to successfully choose monitoring and diagnostic technologies...................................................................................95 Seeing the light............................................................................................................................................................................96 Sulfur review 2011: WorleyParsons............................................................................................................................................96 Sulfur review 2011: Thermo Fisher scientific.............................................................................................................................97 Sulfur review 2011: Sulfur recovery engineering........................................................................................................................97 Sulfur review 2011: Siirtec Nigi..................................................................................................................................................98 Sulfur review 2011: Sandvik........................................................................................................................................................99 Sulfur review 2011: Prosernat.....................................................................................................................................................99 Sulfur review 2011: Merichem Company..................................................................................................................................100
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Sulfur review 2011: Jacobs Comprimo(R) sulfur solutions......................................................................................................100 Sulfur review 2011: Goar, Allison & Associates, Inc: An Air Products...................................................................................101 Company................................................................................................................................................................................101 Sulfur review 2011: Fives-Pillard.............................................................................................................................................102 2 S from any gas stream, including natural gas, refinery fuel gas,.......................................................................................102 Sulfur review 2011: Brimrock...................................................................................................................................................103 Sulfur review 2011: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc..............................................................................................................103 Making a breakthrough.............................................................................................................................................................104 Ethylene: Going global..............................................................................................................................................................104 The mid-way...............................................................................................................................................................................105 India: A dynamic country..........................................................................................................................................................105 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH..........................................................................................107 Optimization of the design and operation of an extractive distillation system for the production of fuel grade ethanol using glycerol as..................................................................................................................................................................................107 Optimization of water consumption in second generation bioethanol plants...........................................................................108 Market journal: Japan quake scrambles market.......................................................................................................................108 Watching government: Regulatory roadblocks' costs...............................................................................................................109 Watching the world: OPEC irks the speculators.......................................................................................................................110 Journally speaking: Variations in product supplied.................................................................................................................110 Market journal: War, disaster jolt oil markets..........................................................................................................................111 Equipment/software/literature: Flame detectors now come with ATEX approval....................................................................112 Equipment/software/literature: New noise attenuation option for type FL regulators.............................................................112
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April 30, 2011
Chemical and Engineering News

Record - 1 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254547 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010926
Race to the pump Author: Ritter S.K. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n7, (8) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal DOI: 10.1021/CEN020911090424 Publication Date: February 14, 2011 (110214) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Automotive; Automotive Gas Engine Fuels; Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: Scientists have largely met the technical challenge of developing biofuels to supplement and then replace petroleum-derived transportation fuels in the coming decades. However, for biofuels to reach the US market, these technologies have to fit into the existing transportation fuel infrastructure. A discussion on biofuel technologies covers the stake of major chemical and petrochemical firms in the race to biofuel commercialization; engineering of chemical technologies; success of synthetic biology in ethanol production; advantages of chemical approaches; aqueous-phase chemistry as one of the primary pathways to biofuels; testing of biodiesel candidates; Virent Energy Systems' BioForming technology; pyrolysis and biofuels; challenge to scale up technology; commercial biofuels produced by microbes, e.g., use of an engineered microbe to produce 2-methylpropanol (isobutanol); ands logistics of biomass availability, transport, and storage. Record - 2 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254546 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010925
Petrochemicals: Cheap raw materials and a muted industry downturn add up to good times for U.S. companies Author: Tullo A.H. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n10 (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011)
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Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 7, 2011 (110307) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Crude Oils; Crudes; Economics and Statistics; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: A discussion on the state of US companies in the petrochemical industry covers demand for petrochemicals; cost of raw materials; new capacity and new petrochemical output; impact of the recession and financial crisis on the petrochemical industry; challenges associated with feedstock supply; concerns on the lack of engineering talent for facilities; trends in oil prices; China and Europe as potential target markets for Middle Eastern petrochemical output; developments on European ethylene capacity; expansion plans in North America; the fibers market, with emphasis on ethylene glycol and acrylonitrile, which are used in polyester and acrylic fibers; profitability issues related to cheap natural gas; natural gas production and underground shale; and Dow Chemical's plans to increase ethane-cracking capabilities at its Gulf Coast ethylene crackers. Record - 3 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254499 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010878
Making solar panels greener: Producing photovoltaic panels more sustainably will require reducing energy consumption, toxic substances Author: Everts S. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n8 (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: February 21, 2011 (110221) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Conversion and Storage; Energy Sources; Energy Supply; Petroleum Substitutes; Solar Abstract: A discussion on producing photovoltaic panels more sustainably covers the environmental impact of photovoltaic technology; characteristics of silicon-based photovoltaic solar panels, which boast (similar) 80% of the global market; need for more environmentally-friendly manufacturing processes; programs that will collect and recycle panels after their 20-25-yr lifespan; scientists'
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efforts to develop more energy-efficient ways to purify and crystallize silicon; economic aspects; and improving the energy efficiency of cells. Record - 4 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254498 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010877
USDA approves ethanol corn: Agriculture: Genetically modified crop will boost biofuel production, but critics raise red flags Author: Erickson B.E. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n8 (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: February 21, 2011 (110221) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The USDA has cleared the way for farming corn that is genetically modified to produce alpha-amylase, an enzyme that rapidly breaks down starch into sugar. The decision - denounced by environmental groups marks the first US approval of a crop designed for ethanol production. Syngenta will sell corn seed with the amylase trait under the name Enogen. The company has shown that the trait can boost ethanol production efficiency at a 50 million-gal-yr facility by (similar) 10%, providing producers with a proven means to generate more gallons of ethanol from their existing facilities. However, grain millers and food manufacturers worry that the amylase trait will escape from Enogen crops and comingle with corn intended for human consumption. They say it will affect the quality and shelf life of processed foods containing corn, e.g., breakfast cereals, snack foods, and battered products. Record - 5 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254492 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010871
Organic Intermediates: Selective cascade isomerization reaction converts alkynes into alpha,omega-diesters Author: Ritter S.K. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n2, (3) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347
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eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: January 10, 2011 (110110) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: A research team in the UK has devised a method to convert the terminal triple bond of an alkyne into a diester with the two ester groups at opposite ends of the molecule. This unusual reaction made possible by a cascade of double-bond isomerization steps, provides new versatility in preparing chemical intermediates from alkynes, which are popular chemical feedstocks. In the reactions, CO and methanol are added sequentially to a carbon-carbon double or triple bond to form an ester. The Pd catalyst used for the reaction is highly selective for producing linear esters rather than branched esters. The catalyst was also used to make methyl propanoate from ethylene as part of a commercial route to methyl methacrylate monomer. In the new reaction, the first step is the methoxycarbonylation of an alkyne to form an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester. The ester's carbon-carbon double bond then isomerizes stepwise to each carbon along the molecule's chain. Record - 6 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254491 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010870
BP spill commission calls for sweeping changes in industry practices, federal regulation Author: Johnson J. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n4, (4) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: January 24, 2011 (110124) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: General; Health and Environment; Legal Considerations; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Plant Safety; Safety; Socioeconomics; Transportation and Storage Abstract: The BP spill has forced a reexamination of US offshore safety practices, regulations, and energy policy. A discussion covers recommendations of the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill & Offshore Drilling; review of industry operations and government regulation of offshore drilling and production in federal waters; errors and misjudgments related to the BP spill; safety procedures of industry players; concerns on enforcing existing
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regulations; call to adopt practices of other nations; creation of an independent safety agency within Interior to oversee offshore drilling and to be led by an expert in science and management; use of a safety case approach to offshore regulation; funding for the additional regulations; and conflicts in regulations and oil development. Record - 7 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254490 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010869
New zeolite technologies help refiners crack crude and trucks clean up emissions Author: Bomgardner M.M. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n4, (3) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: January 24, 2011 (110124) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Control; Health and Environment; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum-Processing Catalysts; Pollution Control Catalysts; Pollution-Control Catalysts; Pure Hydrocarbons; Zeolites Abstract: Rive Technology will attempt to enter the market for FCC zeolites with its method for introducing larger pore spaces into synthetic zeolites, while zeolite manufacturer Zeolyst is going after a new market on the back end of the fossil-fuel chain. Its specialty zeolite catalysts are used in new diesel emissions control systems that meet more stringent US air pollution regulations. Rive inked a development and commercialization agreement with Grace. The partnership is a major step for Rive because Grace will formulate catalysts with Rive's zeolites and take on manufacturing responsibilities. The goal is to have a drop-in zeolite-based catalyst for FCC applications. In addition to working with Y-type zeolites, Grace introduced a zeolite called ZSM-5 to enhance the production of propylene and other high-value olefins in FCC units. Zeolyst also makes both Y-type and ZSM-5, along with a number of specialty zeolites, and rising demand has triggered several expansions at the company's Kansas City, KS., and Delfzijl, the Netherlands, plants. The new SCR systems reduce soot and nitrogen oxide at the tailpipe. Record - 8 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254489 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010868
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Field campaigns target the chemistry behind air quality and climate Author: Kemsley J.N. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n6, (6) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: February 7, 2011 (110207) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Air Quality; Health and Environment; Sources Abstract: A set of three field campaigns was carried out to analyze physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere in California. Early results from the campaigns indicated that there are still new things to learn in understanding of the atmosphere. The main focus of one of the campaigns, the Carbonaceous Aerosols & Radiative Effects Study, in the Sacramento area, was to look at the evolution of various carbon-rich aerosols. Such aerosol particles can be directly emitted from vehicles, industrial processes, and biomass burning. Scientists were able to monitor both precursor gases and aerosol particles as they were emitted in Sacramento, then were able to see how the aerosols evolved and aged as the air was transported north and east to Cool. A second campaign, CalNex, involved two ground sites, i.e., one at Pasadena in the coastal Los Angeles Basin and the other at Bakersfield in the inland San Joaquin Valley. The third field campaign, Cal-Mex, focused on atmospheric chemistry in the California-Mexico border region. Emissions in the area come from motor vehicles, including a high proportion of older, more pollution-prone vehicles; power plants; industrial facilities; agricultural operations; mining; dust from unpaved roads; and open trash burning. Record - 9 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254488 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010867
Gulf Spill: Researchers find that an anionic surfactant lingers months after its use in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Author: Cassiday L. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n6, (3) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: February 7, 2011 (110207) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Control; Health and Environment; Water
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Pollution; Water Quality Abstract: Crews worked feverishly to plug the Deepwater Horizon wellhead in the Gulf of Mexico. BP officials decided to inject 2.9 million L of a chemical dispersant into the stream of oil gushing from the ocean floor - the first time that crews had applied dispersant deep underwater. Researchers have tracked a key ingredient in the dispersant and found that it was persistent in deep ocean waters. At high concentrations, dispersants can be toxic to marine life. The chemical barely degraded over 2 mo. The surfactant spread with the oil plume as it diffused from the wellhead. The study is expected to help understand the fate and potential effects of dispersant use in deep water, which will inform decision making for future responses. Record - 10 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254487 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010866
Growing demand for renewable energy and electricity spurs push for smart electricity grid Author: Johnson J.W. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n1, (5) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: January 3, 2011 (110103) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Energy Sources; Petroleum Substitutes; Solar; Unconventional Abstract: A discussion on the growing demand for renewable energy and electricity, which consequently pushes for the smart electricity grid covers the US' dependence on renewable energy, e.g., solar and wind; incentives enacted for more renewable energy; background information on the US' electricity distribution system; impact of a shift to wind power on today's energy world; characteristics of a smart grid, which merge new technologies with changing energy needs and drive electricity generation, transmission, and distribution systems; variables influencing the success of the smart grid; inadequacies in existing grids; balancing the grid's electricity generation; and cost and economic issues. Record - 11 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254486 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010865
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Renewable Energy: Continuous cerium oxide-based syngas generator suggests possible industrial use Author: Borman S. Source: Chemical and Engineering News (United States) v89, n1, (3) (ISSN 0009-2347) (ISSN 1520-605X) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0009-2347 eISSN: 1520-605X CODEN: CENEA Journal Name: Chemical and Engineering News Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: January 3, 2011 (110103) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Energy Sources; Motor Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products; Solar; Synthesis Gas Abstract: Researchers have developed a novel thermochemical reactor that uses sunlight to convert CO SUB 2 and water into hydrocarbon-fuel precursors at a relatively high efficiency. This feat is a key step toward using solar energy to produce much-needed liquid fuels more efficiently than may be possible with alternative methods, e.g., photocatalysis or microbial fermentation-based hydrocarbon-fuel production. A discussion on the new thermochemical reactor covers the possibility of developing an industrial-scale version of the process for solar towers; design background; CO and H SUB 2 form synthesis gas, which can be processed to generate methanol, gasoline, etc; solar-to-syngas energy conversion efficiency; and benchmarks for further improvements in the use of pure solar thermal energy to split CO SUB 2 .
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Chemical Engineer
Analysis: Tce: From the credible to the incredible Author: Gowland R. Corporate Source: European Process Safety Centre (EPSC), United Kingdom Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (55-56) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: General; Safety; Transportation and Storage Abstract: The events at the Buncefield oil-storage terminal in the UK in 2005 were documented in a number of detailed reports by the various bodies tasked with finding out what happened, identifying root causes and ensuring that the learning experiences are applied to prevent similar incidents in the future. To the casual reader and observer, it seems that a facility like Buncefield should be simple to operate since the range of likely hazards should be limited to tank overflow and tanker filling. The final report into the accident, "Buncefield: Why did it happen" (published only in February 2011) shows us how wrong this is. This report may prove to be the most valuable of all the reports on the causes of the accident in that it is simple in structure and answers questions that were quite difficult to extract from all the other documents. The report details the inadequacies that led to the event. These could be the known unreliability of the devices used to measure the level and provide information on high levels or transfer completion. Regarding the failures of management and control of maintenance activities, the report indicated that the lack of an effective fault-logging process and maintenance regime that could reliably respond to those faults were two of the most important root-cause managerial and organizational failures underlying the incident. The report also demonstrates inadequacies in shift handover. The report also clearly identifies that bunding integrity was taken for granted without proper review of design and performance. Record - 13 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255939 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012318
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Tce: Membranes, filtration & separation: A sieve for CO SUB 2 Author: Dambrowitz A. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada Author email: amy.dambrowitz@ualberta.ca Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (42-44) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts/Zeolites; Control; Health and Environment; Hydrogen; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes; Synthetic Crudes; Tar Sands; Zeolites Abstract: CO SUB 2 emissions are a pressing problem for Alberta's rapidly expanding oil-sands industry. A significant percentage of Alberta's CO SUB 2 emissions are produced through bitumen extraction and the upgrading of synthetic crude oil. University of Alberta's Steven Kuznicki and GE's Anthony Ku have found a naturally occurring sieve that can separate CO SUB 2 for sequestration and produce pure H SUB 2 at the same time. In their scheme, the membranes separate H SUB 2 from CO SUB 2 , resulting in two desirable products, i.e., pure H SUB 2 and concentrated CO SUB 2 . The benefits of this approach would be reduced costs for CO SUB 2 capture from shifted synthesis gas streams, and reduced costs for H SUB 2 production. The reduced cost for CO SUB 2 capture, which would largely stem from reduced energy input, is expected to encourage widespread adoption of the technology in Alberta's oil-sands upgrading facilities. If this was to happen, this technology has the potential to reduce the CO SUB 2 emissions related to the Alberta oil sands by up to 25%. This approach was already proven on a laboratory scale. In addition, Kuznicki and his team are also pioneering efforts to purify contaminated oil-sands process water by direct molecular sieving. Early results in the laboratory are very promising. Geomorphic molecular sieves, with their 3 A pores, have already been shown to separate hydrocarbons and dissolved salts from water, as only water is small enough to pass through the zeolite pores. An added benefit is the ruggedness of the natural zeolite materials. Record - 14 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255938 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012317
Tce: Health & safety: Testing times ahead Author: Singh J. Corporate Source: HEL Ltd., United Kingdom Author email: jsingh@helgroup.com Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (36-37) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English
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ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Automotive; Automotive Gas Engine Fuels; Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The push towards electric vehicles means that rechargeable batteries will become a very common feature of the roads in years to come. While the dream of electric cars running on renewably generated power could be some years away, governments are encouraging car drivers to switch to battery power already, and even rewarding them. The large amounts of money being poured into battery research is based very largely around the use of highly reactive chemicals such as lithium, and this has brought to attention the potential safety issues that could make the flammability hazards of petroleum fuels look like mere child's play. If a prototype Li-ion battery is heated beyond its safe temperature (while safely contained inside a steel test cell that can withstand > 200 bar internal pressure, naturally), this will result in an impressive explosion. The need to develop safe batteries from the outset is a major part of the development effort and safety testing involves adaptation of classic chemical engineering techniques. Batteries can lead to problems, either due to internal malfunction within the battery itself, e.g., internal shorting or chemical degradation, or as a result of external problems during legitimate use. The latter includes inadvertently taking the battery to an unsafe temperature and charging it too fast or at too high a voltage. These problems are collectively called battery "abuse", which, in turn, has resulted in "abuse testing" procedures that must be carried out before batteries can be shipped or used in different applications. Record - 15 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255937 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012316
Tce: Process news: Bacteria make cellulosic isobutanol Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (18-19) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: James Liao, a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of California, LA (UCLA), has claimed a biofuel
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breakthrough with direct production of isobutanol from cellulose using Clostridium cellulolyticum. Isobutanol shows great promise as a biofuel, not least because it has a much higher energy density, volatility and octane rating than ethanol. Before being used for biofuel production, cellulose must usually first be pre-treated with either heat, acid or alkali, then broken down into sugars using cellulase enzymes before being fermented to produce alcohol, usually ethanol. However, C. cellulolyticum, produces its own cellulase, eliminating the second step, and Liao and his colleagues engineered the bacterium to produce isobutanol, rather than ethanol, from the cellulose breakdown products. The process takes place at around 30(deg)C and has produced yields of 660 mg/L of isobutanol. So far the process was only performed on a laboratory scale, but this is the first demonstration of the feasibility of using this type of idea to produce isobutanol. Record - 16 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255936 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012315
Tce: Asia/contracts: Honeywell company to design biomass project Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (16) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Premium Renewable Energy (PRE) has selected Envergent Technologies to carry out the engineering design for a new palm biomass plant in Malaysia. Envergent, a US-based unit of the engineering conglomerate Honeywell, will be using its rapid thermal processing (RTP) technology to produce biofuels. The technology works by rapidly heating biomass at ambient pressure to generate liquid biofuel, which can be used in electrical generators and burnt in furnaces. It is currently being used in seven commercial plants throughout the US and Canada. Construction of the facility is expected to begin in the later part of 2011, to be completed early in 2013. According to Honeywell and PRE, the project is in line to create 1000 jobs and generate $1 billion in annual revenue by 2020. By this time, they hope to have followed up the initial facility with additional RTP units. Record - 17 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved.
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0009255935
EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012314
Tce: United Kingdom: Valero buys Chevron's Pembroke refinery Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (14) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Economics and Statistics; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Valero Energy, the largest independent US refiner, has bought Chevron's UK refinery for $730 million. In addition to the 220,000 bpd Pembroke refinery, Valero will pay an estimated $1 billion for Chevron's inventory and other assets in the UK. Valero intended to retain all staff, including the 1400 workers at the refinery. Meanwhile, Shell is in the process of selling its Stanlow refinery in the UK, and BP announced plans in early 2011 to sell two of its refineries in the US. This has opened up opportunities for more specialized refiners like Valero, which has 14 refineries across North America. Valero has discussed moving to Europe for some 6 yr but its previous effort to buy a 45% stake in Total's Vlissingen refinery in the Netherlands for $725 m failed in 2009. Pembroke was an attractive target because the refinery remained profitable and cash flow positive even during the depths of the economic downturn in 2009. Record - 18 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255934 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012313
Tce: Australia: CO SUB 2 storage stocktake Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (12) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment Abstract: The Otway Project partners are investigating exactly how CO SUB 2 is being stored after injecting > 65,000 ton of CO SUB 2 in spent-gas reservoirs 1.4 km below southeast Australia. U-tube technology developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a partner in the project, is being deployed to chemically analyze samples of water and dissolved gas direct from the reservoir without loss of pressure. The
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mix of storage outcomes depends on the porosity of the storage medium, according to Peter Cook, CEO of Australia's Cooperative Research Center for Greenhouse Gas Technologies. Fine pores are more likely to hold residual storage, but the finer the pores, the harder it is to inject the gas. Record - 19 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255933 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012312
News: Tce: US stretches ahead in race for CCS Source: Chemical Engineer (United Kingdom) n838, (9) (ISSN 0302-0797) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 CODEN: CMERA Journal Name: Chemical Engineer Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 12, 2011 (110412) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Coal Conversion; Control; Enhanced Recovery; Gasification; General Aspects; Health and Environment; Oil Field Chemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: According to an annual report from the Global CCS Institute, the US has taken the lead in global installation of carbon-capture and storage (CCS) facilities, ahead of Europe. The US has 18 of the 35 newly identified large-scale integrated projects (LSIP), bringing the global total to 77. Acceleration was driven by a range of incentives offered by the US government as well as the extensive use of EOR. The number of operating LSIPs has not increased from the eight identified in 2009. The number of new projects progressing to the detailed design and construction phase has doubled to 4 in the past 18 mo, adding the Southern Company IGCC project in the US and the Gorgon project in Australia. All 12 projects are related to the oil and gas industry, though 42 of the remaining projects being planned are for the power-generation sector, dominated by pre- and post-combustion capture. The highest levels of activity remain unchanged, with efforts concentrated in the US (31 identified LSIP), Europe (21), Canada (8), Australia (6), and China (5). China is expected to become a bigger player in the CCS market but, at the moment, its approach remains focused on R&D.
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Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

A review of membrane selection for the dehydration of aqueous ethanol by pervaporation Author: Bolto B.; Hoang M.; Xie Z. Corporate Source: CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South MDC, Vic. 3169, Australia Author email: brian.bolto@csiro.au Source: Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification (Netherlands) v50, n3, (227-235) (ISSN 0255-2701) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0255-2701 CODEN: CENPE No. of references: 62 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2011.01.003 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Other Separations; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: Four broad types of membranes are categorised: organic polymers generally, crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), organic-inorganic hybrids and charged polymers. The best performers in terms of flux, which reaches a maximum of 5 kg/m SUP 2 h, are anionic or cationic polymers, including polysalts. Polyanion and polysalt membranes are superior. Two examples are thin layers of the active polysalt membrane on a supporting membrane. The best combination for flux and selectivity is a polyethyleneimine/poly (acrylic acid) polysalt deposited on a reverse osmosis membrane, at 4 kg/m SUP 2 h and 1075 respectively. It is noticeable that hybrid poly(vinyl alcohol)/inorganic membranes do not show enhanced fluxes. Very high separation factors were observed, covering a range of polymers, of neutral, anionic or cationic character. The top results (>10,000) were for charged membranes, either cationic or anionic, but not polysalts. The fluxes encountered here were miniscule, the best being caesium alginate at about 1 kg/m SUP 2 h. The ideal structure for high fluxes would appear to be one containing discrete domains of oppositely charged species of optimal size. Fresh approaches are being actively studied, such as layer-by-layer deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, with due attention to appropriate separation of the sites of opposite character. Crown Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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April 30, 2011
Chemical Engineering and Technology

Morphology prediction of benzoic acid crystals: Thermostats Monographic Title: Industrial Crystallization Author: Schmidt C.; Ulrich J. Corporate Source: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Zentrum fur Ingenieurwissenschaften, Verfahrenstechnik/TVT, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Author email: joachim.ulrich@iw.unihalle.de Source: Chemical Engineering and Technology (Germany) v34, n4, (563-570) (ISSN 0930-7516) (ISSN 1521-4125) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0930-7516 eISSN: 1521-4125 CODEN: CETEE No. of references: 16 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering and Technology Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000506 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Industrial crystallization processes are frequently bound to the application of additives. Additives can modify the crystal morphology. Computer methods allow a precise prediction of the crystal modifications induced by additives. The effect of water as additive molecule on crystal morphology predictions by means of molecular dynamics (MD) is insufficiently explored. This work focuses on the prediction of the crystal habit of benzoic acid in the presence of three-site water. The selection of the temperature control algorithm the thermostat - applied in MD simulations is highlighted for water. Significant modifications in the crystal morphology can be observed. The given data allow a decision for a certain thermostat in advance. If a fast equilibration is required, the Direct Velocity Scale thermostat should be used. However, for a precise prediction of the morphology, the Nose temperature control algorithm is recommended. (c) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Chemical Engineering Journal

Catalytic combustion kinetics of acetone and toluene over Cu SUB 0.13 Ce SUB 0.87 O SUB y catalyst Author: Hu C. Corporate Source: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Author email: cqhu@home.ipe.ac.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1185-1192) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 39 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.006 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts/Zeolites; Control; Health and Environment; Pollution Control Catalysts; Pollution-Control Catalysts Abstract: Catalytic combustion kinetics of acetone and toluene at low concentrations in air over the previous Cu SUB 0.13 Ce SUB 0.87 O SUB y catalysts calcined at different temperatures was investigated in order to gain more insight into their catalytic behaviors. A differential packed-bed tubular reactor operated at atmospheric pressure was used to obtain the kinetic data. Reactions were carried out at temperatures between 423 and 483 K and organic compound partial pressures ranging from 10 to 101 Pa. Results showed that the simple power-law model was not enough to represent the kinetics of acetone or toluene combustion over the catalyst. The apparent reaction order and the apparent activation energy for acetone or toluene combustion over the catalyst varied with inlet compound partial pressure and reaction temperature, respectively. Based on the experimental evidence and available information in literature, a kinetic expression assuming reaction between adsorbed acetone and lattice oxygen was proposed to describe acetone combustion and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) equation assuming reaction between adsorbed toluene and adsorbed oxygen on different adsorption sites was used to account for toluene combustion. It was found that the kinetic equation derived from the mechanistic considerations provided fairly good fits to the kinetic data for catalytic combustion of acetone or toluene over the Cu SUB 0.13 Ce SUB 0.87 O SUB y catalyst. The estimated kinetic parameters of the Cu SUB 0.13 Ce SUB 0.87 O SUB y catalysts calcined at different temperatures
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were compared and the main difference among the three catalysts for acetone and toluene combustion was revealed. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 23 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260104 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016483
Effect of the organic additions on crystal growth behavior of ZrO SUB 2 nanocrystals prepared via sol-gel process Author: Huang W.; Yang J.; Meng X.; Cheng Y.; Wang C.; Zou B.; Khan Z.; Wang Z.; Cao X. Corporate Source: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China Author email: wangzhen@ciac.jl.cn; xcao@ciac.jl.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1360-1368) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 41 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.027 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: ZrO SUB 2 powders were synthesized via sol-gel process using zirconium oxychloride octahydrate as the raw material. The effects of addition of glacial acetic acid and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) on crystal growth and chemical bond of powders were discussed. The structural evolution, phase transformation and morphological characteristic of powders were investigated by differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After adding the acetic acid and DMF, the crystallite size of ZrO SUB 2 decreased from about 26.48 to 13.94 nm when calcination at 600 (deg)C for 40 min, and the activation energy for crystal growth reduced approximately from 7.76 +/- 0.62 to 2.74 +/- 0.28 kJ/mol in the initial stage, while abruptly increased to 26.48 +/- 1.09 kJ/mol in the later stage. The specific surface area decreased from 26.73 to 0.51 m SUP 2 /g. Meanwhile, the metastable tetragonal phase could be stabilized in ZrO SUB 2 nanocrystals at 600 (deg)C for 40 min. Crown Copyright (c) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Fluidized bed processing of sodium tungsten manganese catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane Author: Simon U.; Gorke O.; Berthold A.; Arndt S.; Schomacker R.; Schubert H. Corporate Source: Institute for Material Science and Technologies, Technische Universitat Berlin, Englische Str. 20, D-10587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universitat Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany Author email: Ulla.Simon@tu-berlin.de Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1352-1359) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 23 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.013 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: Na-W-Mn/SiO SUB 2 catalysts have been prepared via a new processing route using optimized fluidized bed processing. The coating process enables the production of large batches of catalysts closely related to industrial application. Thus, amorphous silica granules as core structures have been homogenously coated with finely dispersed Mn SUB 2 O SUB 3 and Na SUB 2 WO SUB 4 crystallite layers in a fluidized bed. Due to a calcination procedure at 800 (deg)C for 8 h under air, a transformation of the amorphous silica support into macroporous crystalline alpha-cristobalite was observed. The catalytic performance in OCM was evaluated in a packed-bed tubular reactor. 76% of C SUB 2 -selectivity and 7% CH SUB 4 -conversion have been obtained in a co-feed of CH SUB 4 , O SUB 2 and N SUB 2 in a ratio of 4:1:4 at 750 (deg)C. During the stability test, the catalytic performance remained constant over 24 h on stream. Characterization of the post reaction catalyst indicates a beginning phase transformation from Mn SUB 2 O SUB 3 to MnWO SUB 4 which implies the reduction from Mn(III) to the more stable Mn(II) oxidation state. Thus, the number of WO SUB 4 SUP 2tetrahedrons which are thought to be essential for catalytic performance maintained constant over the whole testing period. However, the local coordination of the WO SUB 4 SUP 2- tetrahedron changed partially from a symmetrical tetrahedron with equal W-O distances for the Na SUB 2 WO SUB 4 phase to distorted tetrahedron for the MnWO SUB 4 phase. The catalytically active coating was stable during OCM and did not flake off. However, it appeared to have melted partly. EDX mapping
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indicates the diffusion of sodium ions into the SiO SUB 2 substrate. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 25 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260102 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016481
Surface-modified cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized continuously in supercritical methanol: Study of dispersion stability in ethylene glycol medium Author: Veriansyah B.; Chun M.-S.; Kim J. Corporate Source: Clean Energy Center, Energy Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea; Complex Fluids Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea Author email: mschun@kist.re.kr; jaehoonkim@kist.re.kr Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1346-1351) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 31 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.055 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Dispersion stability of surface-modified cerium oxide (CeO SUB 2 ) nanoparticles in ethylene glycol is examined and the experimental stability results are compared with an extended DLVO model consisting of electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions. Unmodified, decanoic acid-modified and oleic acid-modified CeO SUB 2 nanoparticles are synthesized continuously in supercritical methanol (scMeOH). The surface charge of the surface-modified CeO SUB 2 particles changes from positive to negative with an increment in the medium pH while the surface charge of the unmodified CeO SUB 2 particle does not change with varying pH. Long-term dispersion stability test (up to 100 days) shows that the oleic acid-modified nanoparticle with a concentration of 0.3 M retains most stable dispersion in ethylene glycol. The unmodified and decanoic acid-modified nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.03 M precipitate within 7-15 days. In contrast, initial short-term stability evolution reveals different stability behavior compared to the long-term stability. The unmodified and the decanoic acid-modified nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.03 M were less attractive than the oleic acid-modified nanoparticle with 0.3 M. The experimental short-term stability data is in good agreement with the computational results of energy profiles for the CeO SUB 2 nanoparticle suspension. Crown Copyright (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Theory of flow distribution in manifolds Author: Wang J. Corporate Source: Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, United Kingdom Author email: junye.wang@bbsrc.ac.uk Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1331-1345) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 36 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.050 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Conversion and Storage; Energy Sources; Energy Supply; Petroleum Substitutes; Solar Abstract: Flows in manifolds are of great importance in quite diverse fields of science and technology, including fuel cells, spargers, solar collectors, microchannels, porous infiltration and irrigation. Theory of flow distribution and pressure drop is vital to predict process performance and efficiency of manifold systems. In this paper, we examined research and development of theoretical models and methodology of solutions in flow in manifolds and highlight remarkable advances in the past fifty years. The main existing models and solution methods were unified further to one theoretical framework, including Bernoulli theory and momentum theory, and discrete and continuum methodologies. The generalised model was applicable to not only designs of continuum manifolds but also those of discrete manifolds with constant or varying factors. The procedure of design calculation is in reality straightforward without requirements of iteration, successive approximation and computer programme. The theoretical model provides easy-to-use design guidance to investigate the interactions among structures, operating conditions and manufacturing tolerance under a wide variety of combination of flow conditions and geometries through three general characteristic parameters (E, M and zeta) and to minimize the impact on manifold operability. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 27 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved.
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0009260100
The simulations of tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) Author: Evans W.K.; Rattanakornkan K.; Suksangpanomrung A.; Charojrochkul S. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Srinakarinwirot University, 107 Rungsit-Nakorn-Nayok Road, Ongkharuk, Nakorn-Nayok 26120, Thailand; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Academic Division, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Nakorn-Nayok 26001, Thailand; National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Author email: wanwilai@swu.ac.th Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1301-1310) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 20 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.034 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Simulations of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) have been carried out by considering the geometry of the single cell comprises an air channel, fuel channel, anode, cathode and electrolyte layers. The numerical results were validated with experimental data. The current density, gas flow behavior, temperature and species concentration are analyzed. The presented simulation data shows a close correlation to the experimental data with only a minimal deviation of 7.27% on average in the current-potential plot. The results from the simulation show that an increase of inlet temperature resulted in a decrease of current density, power and thermal efficiency. The mass flow rate of fuel affects directly to the current density and power density. However, the thermal efficiency is decreased as the mass flow rate is increased. The maximum thermal efficiency of 49.16% could be achieved for the case of fuel and air inlet temperature of 873 K and the fuel mass flow rate of 3.202 x 10 SUP -7 kg s SUP -1 . The increase or decrease of cell length results in the area of electrochemical reaction. From our modeling, a longer cell yields larger thermal efficiency but lower current density. The results of this work can be used for studying the cell behavior of a tubular SOFC and to help develop efficient fuel cell designs. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 28 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260099 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016478
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Transesterification kinetics of Camelina sativa oil on metal oxide catalysts under conventional and microwave heating conditions Author: Patil P.; Gude V.G.; Pinappu S.; Deng S. Corporate Source: Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, MSC 3805, 1040 S. Horseshoe St., PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States Author email: sdeng@nmsu.edu Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1296-1300) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 24 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.030 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The reaction kinetics of transesterification of Camelina sativa oil using metal oxide catalysts under the conventional heating and the microwave-heating conditions were investigated. The transesterification reaction rates and the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion rates were determined using heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts, i.e., BaO, CaO, MgO and SrO and two different heating methods. It was observed during the kinetic studies in this work that the BaO and SrO catalysts generated higher FAME yields than the CaO and MgO catalysts. A comparison between the conventional heating and the microwave-assisted transesterification processes showed that the reaction rate constants obtained in the microwave-assisted transesterification process are of two orders of magnitude higher than those obtained with the conventional heating method. Therefore, it can be well concluded that the heating method and solid catalysts play vital roles in improving the reaction kinetics and optimizing the reactors for biomass conversion to biodiesel. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 29 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260098 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016477
CFD simulation of natural gas sweetening in a gas-liquid hollow-fiber membrane contactor Author: Rezakazemi M.; Niazi Z.; Mirfendereski M.; Shirazian S.; Mohammadi T.; Pak A. Corporate Source: Research Centre for Membrane Separation Processes, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran Author email: torajmohammadi@iust.ac.ir Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1217-1226) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English
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Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 27 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.019 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Natural Gas; Natural Gas Treating Abstract: Chemical absorption of CO SUB 2 and H SUB 2 S from natural gas was studied theoretically and experimentally using a hollow-fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) in this work. A 2D mathematical model was proposed to study simultaneous transport of CO SUB 2 and H SUB 2 S through a HFMC using methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as chemical absorbent. The model considers axial and radial diffusion in the HFMC. It also considers convection in tube and shell sides with chemical reaction. CFD techniques were applied to solve the model equations involving continuity and momentum equations. Modeling predictions were validated with the experimental data and it was found that there is a good agreement between them for different values of gas and liquid velocities. The simulation results showed that the removal of H SUB 2 S with aqueous solution of MDEA was very high and indicated almost total removal of H SUB 2 S. Experimental and simulation results indicated that the membrane module was very efficient in the removal of trace H SUB 2 S at high gas/liquid flow ratio. The removal of H SUB 2 S was almost complete with recovery of higher than 96%. The proposed model is able to predict the performance of CO SUB 2 and H SUB 2 S absorption in HFMCs. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 30 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260097 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016476
Aqueous phase adsorption of toluene in a packed and fluidized bed of hydrophobic aerogels Author: Wang D.; McLaughlin E.; Pfeffer R.; Lin Y.S. Corporate Source: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, United States Author email: robert.pfeffer@asu.edu Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1201-1208) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 43 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.014 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415)
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Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Control; Health and Environment; Water Pollution Abstract: Surface-treated hydrophobic silica aerogel granules (Cabot Nanogel(R)) are contacted by a downward flow of a dilute toluene-water solution in either a packed bed or an inverse fluidized bed mode. The toluene adsorption efficiency and capacity of the Nanogel granules in both the packed or inverse fluidized bed are studied. The results show that the major factors which affect the toluene adsorption efficiency and capacity are the weight of the Nanogel granules (bed height) and fluid superficial velocity. In the fluidized bed adsorber the breakthrough time is considerably shorter than in the packed bed adsorber due to solids mixing in the fluidized bed; the outlet toluene concentrations at short times are also much higher and the toluene adsorption efficiencies are relatively low. The Nanogel granules adsorb about 4% of their weight in toluene. Simple models were used to predict the packed bed and inverse fluidized bed experimental results based on batch equilibrium and batch kinetic measurements of the Nanogel granules and the toluene solution. Good agreement between the models and experimental results were obtained. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 31 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260096 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016475
The effect of organosolv pretreatment variables on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse Author: Mesa L.; Gonzalez E.; Cara C.; Gonzalez M.; Castro E.; Mussatto S.I. Corporate Source: Center of Analysis Process, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba; Department of Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain; Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal Author email: solange@deb.uminho.pt Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1157-1162) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 32 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.003 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse pretreated with dilute-acid was submitted to an
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organosolv ethanol process with NaOH under different operational conditions (pretreatment time, temperature, and ethanol concentration) aiming to maximize the glucose yield in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis stage. The different pretreatment conditions resulted in variations in the chemical composition of the solid residue as well as in the glucose recovered by enzymatic hydrolysis. All the studied variables presented significant (p < 0.05) influence on the process. The optimum organosolv pretreatment conditions consisted in using 30% (v/v) ethanol at 195 (deg)C, during 60 min. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the residue then obtained produced 18.1 g/l glucose, correspondent to a yield of 29.1 g glucose/100 g sugarcane bagasse. The scale-up of this process, by performing the acid pretreatment in a 10-l semi-pilot reactor fed with direct steam, was successfully performed, being obtained a glucose yield similar to that found when the acid pretreatment was performed in autoclave. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 32 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260095 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016474
Carbon dioxide adsorption over zeolite-like metal organic frameworks (ZMOFs) having a sod topology: Structure and ion-exchange effect Author: Chen C.; Kim J.; Yang D.-A.; Ahn W.-S. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea Author email: whasahn@inha.ac.kr Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1134-1139) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 43 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.096 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts/Zeolites; Control; Health and Environment; Zeolites Abstract: Zeolite-like metal organic framework (ZMOF) materials having rho and sod topologies were experimentally investigated as CO SUB 2 adsorbents for the first time. As-prepared ZMOF materials showed reasonably high CO SUB 2 adsorption capacities (ca. 51 and 53 mg/g SUB adsorbent for rho-and sod-ZMOF, respectively) and high CO SUB 2 /N SUB 2 selectivity (>20) at 298 K and 1 bar. The latter showed a higher heat of adsorption (27-45 kJ/mol). These ZMOFs exhibited better CO SUB 2 adsorption than ZIF-8, a commonly investigated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) material having the same sod topology but in a neutral framework. Partially ion-exchanged sod-ZMOFs by alkali-metals resulted in improved CO SUB 2 adsorption performance compared with the
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as-prepared ZMOF. The highest CO SUB 2 adsorption was obtained with K SUP + -exchanged sod-ZMOF (61 mg/g SUB adsorbent ), representing a ca. 15% increase in adsorption capacity. Complete desorption of CO SUB 2 in the K SUP + -sod-ZMOF was attained at mild conditions (40 (deg)C, He purging), and reversible and sustainable CO SUB 2 adsorption performance was demonstrated in 5 sets of recycling runs. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 33 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260094 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016473
Copper-ion exchanged Ti-pillared clays for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propylene Author: Lu G.; Li X.; Qu Z.; Zhao Q.; Zhao L.; Chen G. Corporate Source: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Author email: xyli@dlut.edu.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1128-1133) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 29 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.095 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts/Zeolites; Control; Health and Environment; Pollution Control Catalysts; Pollution-Control Catalysts Abstract: Cu-ion-exchanged titanium-pillared clays (Cu-Ti-PILCs) were prepared using ion exchange strategy under different pH values and used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by propylene. The influences of pH value on the catalytic performance and the nature of copper species were investigated. The results of activity test showed that the highest conversion of NO into N SUB 2 and the low-temperature activity increased with the increase of pH value up to 6, and then decreased with the further increase of pH value. The characterization results showed that the copper species were well dispersed over the prepared catalysts, and the different ratios of Cu SUP 2+ /copper species existed over the studied catalysts. The Cu SUP 2+ species can enhance the low-temperature activity and the highest conversion of NO into N SUB 2 . Moreover, the highest conversion of NO into N SUB 2 and low-temperature activity increased with the increase of the Cu SUP 2+ /copper species rate. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 34
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DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260093 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016472
Enzymatic hydrolysis of microalgal biomass for bioethanol production Author: Harun R.; Danquah M.K. Corporate Source: Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia Author email: razif.harun@eng.monash.edu.au Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1079-1084) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 18 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.088 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Increasing global energy demands and the potential for significant climate change have led to burgeoning interest in alternative fuels which are sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost efficient. One of the key options is to produce bioethanol from renewable biomass. Due to its numerous advantages, including fast growth rate, non-edibility, and the ability to accumulate substantial amounts of carbohydrates, microalgae, a second generation cellular biomass, have the potential to be used as a fermentation feedstock for bioethanol production. The present study examines the enzymatic hydrolysis of Chloroccum sp. by using cellulase obtained from Trichoderma reesei, ATCC 26921. The hydrolysis was conducted under varying conditions of temperature, pH and substrate concentration, with constant enzyme dosage. The kinetics of hydrolysis was fitted with Michaelis-Menten's model of rapid equilibrium. The highest glucose yield of 64.2% (w/w) was obtained at a temperature of 40 (deg)C, pH 4.8, and a substrate concentration of 10 g/L of microalgal biomass. Comparative kinetic studies on glucose and cellobiose formation showed twice as fast glucose production than cellulobiose. The value of K SUB m,app was higher for the hydrolysis of cellobiose (K SUB m,app = 15.18 g/L) compared to that of the substrate (K SUB m,app = 1.48 g/L), thus displaying a competitive type of inhibition. The results were in keeping with the obtained reaction velocities. Overall, the enzymatic hydrolysis process proved to be an effective mechanism to enhance the saccharification process of microalgal biomass. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 35
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Kinetics of VOC absorption using capillary membrane contactor Author: Modelski S.; Koltuniewicz A.; Witek-Krowiak A. Corporate Source: Institute of Chemical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland Author email: szymon.modelski@pwr.wroc.pl Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (1016-1023) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 29 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.075 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Control; Health and Environment; Water Pollution Abstract: The aim of this work was to experimentally study the acetone absorption in water by means of capillary membrane contactor. A "resistance in series" model was used to describe the rate of mass transfer. The experiments were designed in batch system for laminar and transient flow region. Results were approximated by mathematical model based on mass balance equations. The kinetic model enables to calculate two parameters: the equilibrium constant and mass transfer coefficient and takes into account the gas concentration profile along the equipment. The Wilson method was used to calculate membrane mass transfer resistance. Eight series of experiments for two types of modules and various flow arrangements were made for accurate approximation of membrane resistance and gas/liquid mass transfer coefficients. The results follow previous observations on advantages of the absorption process in the membrane contactors, additionally the process stability and a high performance compared to conventional absorption equipment were confirmed. However, there is still lack of appropriate description of shell side mass transfer in case of randomly packed polymeric fibers. A new correlation is proposed on the bases of conducted experiments. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 36 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260091 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016470
Decomposition mechanism of phenol in water plasmas by DC discharge at atmospheric pressure Author: Narengerile; Yuan M.-H.; Watanabe T.
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Corporate Source: Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 G1-22 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Japan Author email: watanabe@chemenv.titech.ac.jp Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n3, (985-993) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 48 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.072 Publication Date: April 15, 2011 (110415) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Control; Health and Environment; Water Pollution Abstract: The decomposition mechanism of high concentration of phenol solution in water plasmas at atmospheric pressure was investigated at different arc currents. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of phenol, total organic carbon, and chemical oxygen demand were increased with the increase in arc current. The concentration of phenol was reduced from 52.8 g L SUP -1 down to 1.0 x 10 SUP -5 g L SUP -1 at an arc current of 8 A with the energy yield of 8.12 g kWh SUP -1 . Major gaseous compounds were H SUB 2 , CO SUB 2 , CO, and CH SUB 4 . However, at a low arc current, trace levels of benzene (C SUB 6 H SUB 6 ), and cyclopentadiene (C SUB 5 H SUB 6 ) were detected in effluent gas, and formic acid (HCOOH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were observed in liquid effluent. By the analysis of reaction intermediates and a calculation of carbon balance, the main reaction pathways were proposed as follows: firstly, electron dissociation in arc region to generate phenoxy (C SUB 6 H SUB 5 O) radical; second, chemical oxidation or reduction in plasma flame region to form C SUB 6 H SUB 5 O and C SUB 6 H SUB 6 . After phenol decomposition, the generated intermediate species would undergo complex reactions to form stable compounds in plasma flame region. The most favorable mechanism is the formation of CO, which is conducted by the ring open step of C SUB 6 H SUB 5 O and C SUB 6 H SUB 6 by thermal decomposition or the attachment of active radicals such as O, H, and OH with respect to CO generation. In downstream region, the generated intermediate species were easily recombined with H or oxidized by OH to form unwanted products, such as HCOOH, HCHO, and H SUB 2 O SUB 2 . (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 37 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259822 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016201
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Treatment of highly polluted paper mill wastewater by solar photocatalytic oxidation with synthesized nano TiO SUB 2 Author: Ghaly M.Y.; Jamil T.S.; El-Seesy I.E.; Souaya E.R.; Nasr R.A. Corporate Source: Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, 33 El-behouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt; Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Egypt ; Solar Energy Department, National Research Centre, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt Author email: omaytarek73@yahoo.com Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (446-454) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 58 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.028 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Energy Sources; Petroleum Substitutes; Solar Abstract: Photocatalytic processes in the presence of titanium dioxide provide an interesting route to destroy hazardous organic contaminants, being operational in the UV-A domain with a potential use of solar radiation. The solar photocatalytic degradation of paper mill wastewater has been studied over synthesized nano TiO SUB 2 . The catalyst was characterized by techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and IR. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst is attributed to the crystallinity, nano-size, large amount of surface hydroxyl species and reduced band-gap. The results show that prepared TiO SUB 2 in the presence of solar light can be employed as an effective photocatalyst for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the wastewater but in optimized conditions. The effects of catalyst loading and pH have been investigated. The degradation was strongly enhanced in the presence of electron acceptor such as H SUB 2 O SUB 2 . It was found that the photocatalytic degradation of the paper mill wastewater obeys the pseudo-first order kinetic reaction in the presence of the photocatalyst. At optimum dose of 0.75 g/L TiO SUB 2 and pH value of 6.5, 75% COD removal of the wastewater was achieved within 180 min solar irradiation time. A reduction of 80% of total suspended solids (TSS) from the wastewater was also obtained at the same operating conditions. The experimental results have also shown that the non-biodegradable substances can be very effectively degraded by the solar photocatalytic treatment. The biodegradability of the wastewater treated photocatalytically was measured in terms of BOD SUB 5 /COD. A substantial improvement in BOD SUB 5 /COD (0.35) could be achieved, but it required the removal of at least 70.5% of the total organic carbon originally in the water. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 38 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM)
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(c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259821 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016200
Diesel particulate matter combustion with CeO SUB 2 as catalyst. Part II: Kinetic and reaction mechanism Author: Gross M.S.; Sanchez B.S.; Querini C.A. Corporate Source: Instituto de Investigaciones en Catalisis Y Petroquimica (INCAPE), FIQ, CONICET, Santiago del Estero 2654, Santa Fe S3000AOJ, Argentina Author email: querini@fiq.unl.edu.ar Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (413-419) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 32 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.060 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Contributing Sciences; Flames and Combustion; Motor Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Primary Products Abstract: In this work, a reaction mechanism for the soot oxidation reaction on ceria is presented. The mechanism is based on kinetic and characterization results previously obtained. Temperature-programmed oxidation analyses using different heating rates, up to different final temperatures, as well as isothermal combustions, have been carried out to determine the kinetic behavior of this system. The reaction mechanism includes the formation of superoxides, peroxides, oxygen vacancies, surface diffusion, and the change of the type of contact between the carbon and the catalyst that occurs during the combustion. The kinetic parameters are obtained using a single temperature-programmed profile, obtained at 12(deg)C/min. With these parameters, it is possible to predict the kinetic response obtained in many different experimental conditions. Particularly, the reaction rate at constant temperature may or may not present a maximum as a function of time, depending upon the value of the temperature. The mechanism proposed explained these observations. The calcination temperature has an important effect on the activity of the catalyst. As this temperature is increased a better activity is observed, being this behavior associated to an easier formation of superoxides and peroxides upon high temperature calcination. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 39 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved.
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0009259820
The catalytic stability of Mo/HZSM-5 in methane dehydroaromatization at severe and periodic CH SUB 4 -H SUB 2 switch operating conditions Author: Xu Y.; Lu J.; Wang J.; Suzuki Y.; Zhang Z.-G. Corporate Source: Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569 Ibaraki, Japan Author email: z.zhang@aist.go.jp Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (390-402) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 45 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.047 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons; Zeolites Abstract: The very rapid deactivation behavior of Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst in the non-oxidative CH SUB 4 dehydroaromatization at severe conditions requests its cyclic or continuous regeneration in a practical system. While oxidation of active Mo SUB 2 C to MoO SUB 3 followed by its sublimation at temperature >773 K under oxidative atmospheres excludes the possibility of using any oxygen-containing gases to regenerate Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst, it has been demonstrated that its high initial activity can be maintained via its continuous regeneration in H SUB 2 in a two-bed circulating fluidized bed system at 1073 K. The key to design such a system is determination and optimization of the mean residence times of Mo/HZSM-5 in its CH SUB 4 converter and regenerator. Presently, a series of deactivation (reaction)-regeneration cycle tests were designed and carried out over a well-characterized 5 wt%Mo/HZSM-5 at practically required severe conditions (1073 K and 21,080 and 40,000 mL/g/h) to clarify the effect of CH SUB 4 and H SUB 2 exposure durations on the activity stability. Simultaneously, TPO analyses of the samples deactivated in CH SUB 4 for different durations at 1073 K and measurements of the H SUB 2 -regeneration kinetics of the same coked samples at the same temperature were conducted to gain a better understanding of the kinetic characteristics of coke formation and removal. Furthermore, measurements of the dynamic variations of the outlet benzene concentration in the CH SUB 4 exposures in different cycles of a typical cycle test and numerical analysis of the resultant concentration-time curves were performed to determine the minimum and maximum mean residence times of the catalyst in a fluidized bed CH SUB 4 converter. At last, a triple-bed circulating fluidized reactor system based on a large degree of deactivation-long time regeneration cycle test was proposed to realize an effectively continuous regeneration of Mo/HZSM-5 and therefore an efficiently continuous conversion of CH SUB
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4 to benzene. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 40 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259819 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016198
Thermal and hydrothermal stability of a metal monolithic anodic alumina support for steam reforming of methane Author: Guo Y.; Zhou L.; Kameyama H. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 24-16, Naka-cho 2, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan Author email: mguoyu.s@gmail.com Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (341-350) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 34 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.036 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: In this work, a plate-type Al/Fe-Cr alloy/Al clad material was prepared into a metal-monolithic anodic alumina support (Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 /Fe-Cr alloy/Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 ) to investigate its thermal and hydrothermal stability and potential use in the steam reforming of methane (SRM). re-heating of the base material at 500(deg)C for 3 h or longer significantly enhanced the thermal resistance temperature of the support, which was associated with the formation of the diffusion layer between the alumina layer and the alloy layer. Pore widening treatment (PWT) in 4.0 wt.% oxalic acid solution at 20(deg)C for 4-8 h provided an excellent anodic support that was strong enough to endure a 1000(deg)C calcination without the alumina layer shelling off. The appearance of an increased number of smaller fragments and cracks on the support surface was considered to be one of the main reasons for the promotion effect of PWT. During a thermal shock test of the heating-cooling cycles from ambient temperature to 800(deg)C for 5000 times, no alumina layer was found to shell off from the alloy interlayer, which highlighted the good adhesion between the alumina layer and the alloy layer in the anodic alumina support. Although an obvious decrease of surface area was observed when calcining the support in air or steam at 700(deg)C, the anodic alumina-supported Ni catalyst showed favorable catalytic durability and hydrothermal stability in the stationary SRM test for 3000 h and the DSS-like (daily start-up and shut-down) test for 500 times in a typical hydrothermal
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environment (700(deg)C, Steam/Carbon = 3, 157,000 mL/(h g)). Especially, under an electrical-heating pattern, the SRM reaction system could reach stability within ca. 10 min, offering a strong possibility for shortening the start-up time of conventional SRM reformers from 1 to 2 h to a few minutes. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 41 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259818 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016197
Kinetics of hydrotalcite catalyzed transesterification of tricaprylin and methanol for biodiesel synthesis Author: Chantrasa A.; Phlernjai N.; Goodwin Jr. J.G. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, United States Author email: amornmart.sir@kmutt.ac.th Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (333-340) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 31 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.033 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: Currently, biodiesel is a well-known alternative diesel fuel that can be derived from transesterification or esterification. This work focused on the transesterification of tricaprylin (TCP) and methanol (MeOH) on solid base hydrotalcite catalyst in order to investigate the reaction kinetics in the temperature range of 60(deg)C and 120(deg)C and 15:1 molar ratio of MeOH to TCP in a well-mixed batch reactor. The apparent activation energy obtained over this reaction temperature range was 38.4 kJ/mol. This value was proved to be without the effect from catalyst deactivation and the presence of hexane solvent, as well as the mass transport limitation. The power law rate expression showed that the reaction orders with respect to the TCP and methanol were 0.70 and 1.92, respectively, at 60(deg)C of reaction temperature while they were 0.54 and 1.10 at 120(deg)C. An Eley-Rideal mechanism was employed to explain the power law rate expression at 120(deg)C of reaction temperature. Along with the reactant-catalyst pre-contacting experiment, it can be concluded that the reaction started with methanol adsorption on a single basic site and then the reaction between adsorbed methanol and tricaprylin from liquid phase with surface reaction as the rate determining step. On the other hand, bimolecular
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pathway was used to explain the reaction mechanism at 60(deg)C of reaction temperature since the reaction order with respect to methanol was close to 2. In addition, catalyst deactivation was observed when the catalyst was used in two successive reaction cycles, especially after being used at high temperature. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 42 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259817 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016196
Utilizing differential evolution (DE) technique to optimize operating conditions of an integrated thermally coupled direct DME synthesis reactor Author: Vakili R.; Setoodeh P.; Pourazadi E.; Iranshahi D.; Rahimpour M.R. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran Author email: rahimpor@shirazu.ac.ir Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (321-332) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 62 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.032 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: According to global requirements to DME as an alternative environment friendly fuel and also regarding the positive effects of employing multifunctional auto-thermal reactors as novel concept in process intensification, direct DME synthesis was coupled with dehydrogenation of cyclohexane in a thermally coupled heat exchanger reactor composed of two separated sides for exothermic and endothermic reactions in our previous study. DME is conventionally produced by a two-stage process which is called the indirect method of DME production. Recently, a new method called direct DME synthesis, have been introduced and gained much more attention due to its economical superiority compared with the indirect method. In this new process, the methanol production and dehydration one occur simultaneously on the hybrid catalysts in only one reactor and consequently the methanol purification unit can be neglected. In the present work, the aforementioned reactor is optimized applying differential evolution (DE) algorithm as an effective and robust optimization method. The objective of this research is to optimize the operating conditions contributing to maximization of the summation of DME and benzene mole fractions in the reactor outlet streams as desired products. The optimal inlet temperatures of exothermic and endothermic sides are
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determined within their practical range for prevention of catalyst deactivation by sintering. Utilizing the optimization results, the reactor performance would be improved by decreasing of inlet feed flow rates and rising of the production rates of the desired products. This conducted study results in enormous reduction in the operational costs as well as increase of the net profit of the plant. It should be mentioned that an investigation relevant to environmental aspects and commercial viability of the optimized reactor is necessary in order to commercialize the considered process. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 43 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259816 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016195
Cold modeling of a direct coupling autothermal methane reforming reactor Author: Wang Y.-Q.; Dai Z.-H.; Cheng H.; Xu J.-L.; Wang F.-C. Corporate Source: Key Laboratory of Coal Gasification of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China Author email: chinadai@ecust.edu.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (303-311) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 20 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.013 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Engineering; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Other Studies; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the flow characteristics in a direct coupling autothermal reactor established in laboratory for methane reforming. A 2-D turbulence model (realizable k-epsilon) was applied for simulating the flow fields in the combustion chamber and a porous media model was adopted for simulating those in the catalyst bed, and both models were validated according to the experimentally measured velocities and pressures drop. The flow characteristics were assessed by examining velocity profile, turbulence intensity and reflux ratio in the combustion chamber as well as maldistribution factor and penetration depth in the catalyst bed. The focus was on the influences of inlet flow rate, catalyst bed height and stack porosity on the flow characteristics. Numerical results demonstrated that an increase in the height or the stack porosity of catalyst bed increased the velocity in the combustion chamber zone in front of the catalyst layer, and an increase in the higher inlet flow rate amplified the turbulence in the jet flow zone of the combustion chamber and in the combustion chamber
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zone near to the catalyst layer. The reflux ratio profiles in the combustion chamber were reasonably varied with the height and stack porosity of catalyst bed. Results of the maldistribution factor revealed that a non-uniform or fluctuating flow occurred within the upper layer of catalyst bed, and a reduction in the stack porosity mitigated the flow non-uniformity and shortened the penetration depth. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 44 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259815 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016194
Kinetic study of catalytic esterification of butyric acid and n-butanol over Dowex 50Wx8-400 Author: Ju I.B.; Lim H.-W.; Jeon W.; Suh D.J.; Park M.-J.; Suh Y.-W. Corporate Source: Clean Energy Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, South Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea Author email: mjpark@ajou.ac.kr; ywsuh@kist.re.kr Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (293-302) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 25 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.086 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: A kinetic investigation for the esterification of butyric acid with n-butanol over Dowex 50Wx8-400 was conducted. The catalytic experiments were performed in a reactive distillation mode, in which the byproduct (water) is eliminated to prevent the reverse reaction from taking place. The experimental parameters are reaction temperatures (100-110(deg)C), molar ratios of reactants (butyric acid/n-butanol = 0.25-4) and catalyst loading (10-40 g/L), and their effect on the reaction rate was found that the conversion increased with temperature and catalyst loading whereas it decreased as the molar ratio of reactants increased. The rate equations were derived on the basis of the pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model, Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model and Eley-Rideal (ER) model. From the best fit models showing good correlation between experimental and simulation results, the surface reaction was determined to be the rate determining step, while competitive adsorption on a catalyst surface and weak interaction between resin and water by-product were confirmed in the esterification
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reaction of butyric acid with n-butanol. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 45 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259814 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016193
Extraction of sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.) oil with supercritical CO SUB 2 and subcritical propane: Experimental and modeling Author: Nimet G.; Da Silva E.A.; Palu F.; Dariva C.; Freitas L.D.S.; Neto A.M.; Filho L.C. Corporate Source: Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Parana (UNIOESTE), Rua da Faculdade 645, 85903-000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM), Av. Colombo 5790, Bloco D-90, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil; Universidade Tiradentes, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49032 - 490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil Author email: cardozo@deq.uem.br Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (262-268) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 39 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.088 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: This study evaluated the temperature and pressure effects in the extraction of the sunflower seed (Heliantus annuus L.) oil using as solvents carbon dioxide and propane. The experiments were performed at the temperature range of 30-60(deg)C and pressure range of 8-25 MPa. A factorial experimental design 2 SUP 2 with triplicate at the central point was effectuated in order to evaluate the influence of this two variable in the mass of oil extracted ratio by mass of solvent consumed. Analysis of oxidative stability and chemical composition of the oil were performed as well. The best extraction for sunflower seed oil was obtained with propane as solvent, because of the high extraction yield in comparison with carbon dioxide. The quantity of fatty acids detected in the samples of oil extracted with carbon dioxide and propane were similar and presented a high time of oxidative induction than the sample extracted with hexane. However, the oil extract obtained with propane showed a high concentration of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). To describe the extraction kinetic was used the Sovova mathematical model, which showed a high precision in all the conditions investigated. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 46
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VOC absorption in a countercurrent packed-bed column using water/silicone oil mixtures: Influence of silicone oil volume fraction Author: Dumont E.; Darracq G.; Couvert A.; Couriol C.; Amrane A.; Thomas D. ; Andres Y.; Le Cloirec P. Corporate Source: UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, La Chantrerie, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, B.P. 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France; Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Av. du General Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Universite Europeenne de Bretagne, 35000 Rennes, France; Faculte Polytechnique de Mons, 56 rue de L'Epargne, B-7000 Mons, Belgium Author email: eric.dumont@mines-nantes.fr Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (241-248) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 13 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.073 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment Abstract: A calculation procedure to determine the influence of the silicone volume fraction on the physical absorption of VOCs in water/silicone oil mixtures is presented (eta SUB silicone oil = 5 mPa s). It is based on the "equivalent absorption capacity" concept previously developed by Dumont et al. (2010) [1] and applied to a countercurrent gas-liquid absorber. The calculation procedure is first applied to three VOCs: dimethylsulphide (DMS), dimethyldisulphide (DMDS) and toluene, and then generalised to other VOCs. The influence of VOC partition coefficients (H SUB voc,water and H SUB voc,solvent ) and the ratio m SUB R = H SUB voc,water /H SUB voc,solvent is shown. For VOCs having a much higher affinity for silicone oil than for water (m SUB R > 20 as for DMDS and toluene), it is preferable to use pure silicone oil rather than water/silicone oil mixtures for absorption. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 47 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259812 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016191
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Removal of methanol and 1-butanol from binary mixtures by absorption in rotating packed beds with blade packings Author: Hsu L.-J.; Lin C.-C. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Republic of China (ROC) Author email: higee@mail.cgu.edu.tw Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (190-200) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 56 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.062 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Sorption; Unit Operations Abstract: This work discusses the absorption performance of a rotating packed bed (RPB) with blade packings in removing methanol and 1-butanol from binary mixtures. The effects of rotational speed, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, and inlet methanol and 1-butanol concentrations on the removal efficiencies (E) and the absorption rates (N) were explored. The results reveal that the E values of methanol and 1-butanol exceeded 90% under appropriate conditions. When the concentrations of methanol and 1-butanol were identical to 2000 ppmv, the E and N values of methanol and 1-butanol increased with rotational speed and liquid flow rate; however, increasing the gas flow rate increased the N values of methanol and 1-butanol but decreased the E values of methanol and 1-butanol. Also, the total absorption rates under various operating conditions were evaluated. At a given total concentration (2000 ppmv) of methanol and 1-butanol, the total absorption rate increased with rotational speed, gas flow rate, and liquid flow rate. Additionally, increasing the inlet methanol concentration increased the total absorption rate, but increasing the inlet 1-buatanol concentration reduced the total absorption rate at a particular total concentration (2000 ppmv) of methanol and 1-butanol. Comparison with the conventional packed tower demonstrates that mass transfer efficiency in the RPB with blade packing was higher than that in the conventional packed tower. Consequently, the RPB with blade packings would be an excellent absorber for the removal of alkanols from gas streams. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 48 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259811 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016190
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Membrane foulants characterization in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating hypersaline oily wastewater Author: Pendashteh A.R.; Fakhru'l-Razi A.; Madaeni S.S.; Abdullah L.C.; Abidin Z.Z.; Biak D.R.A. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor D.E., Malaysia; Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor D.E., Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Author email: fakhrul@eng.upm.edu.my Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (110-150) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 71 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.053 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Control; Health and Environment; Water Pollution Abstract: This study focused on the characterization of fouling cake layer during operation of a membrane bioreactor system employed for the treatment of synthetic hypersaline oily wastewater. Also the effects of ultrasound and addition of four types of flocculants (aluminium sulfate, Chitosan, ferric chloride, polyaluminium chloride) on mitigation of membrane fouling were studied. The components of the foulants were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and particle size analyzer (PSA). The FTIR demonstrated that membrane fouling layer is governed by the deposition of organic and inorganic substances composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (proteins, polysaccharides, etc.), hydrocarbon components and inorganic matters. The AFM images of the fouled membrane confirmed the idea of surface coverage as a fouling mechanism. The SEM analysis showed that rod-shape bacterial clusters were one of the contributors to membrane cake layer. The EDX and ICP results showed that Mg, Al, Ca, Na, K and Fe were the major metal elements in the fouling cake. The PSA results indicate that membrane foulants had a much smaller size than mixed liquor suspensions in the MSBR. Fouling mitigation experiments showed that the effect of organic flocculant was more than inorganic chemicals but the overall effects were not significant. Ultrasound could effectively remove the fouling cake from the membrane surface and thus recovered the membrane permeation flux for a long time. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 49 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259810 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016189
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CFD simulation of water removal from water/ethylene glycol mixtures by pervaporation Author: Rezakazemi M.; Shahverdi M.; Shirazian S.; Mohammadi T.; Pak A. Corporate Source: Research Centre for Membrane Separation Processes, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran Author email: torajmohammadi@iust.ac.ir Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (60-67) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 27 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.034 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Other Separations; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons; Unit Operations Abstract: Pervaporation (PV) is a membrane technology that utilizes a non-porous membrane for the separation of liquid mixtures. PV using dense membranes has emerged as a promising new method for water removal from aqueous solutions. The mathematical model commonly used to predict the performance of PV is the resistance-in-series model. In the present study, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed to study the performance of PV. The model is based on solving the conservation equations for water in the membrane module. The conservation equations including continuity and momentum equations were derived and solved numerically using finite element method (FEM). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was applied to solve the model equations. The model was then validated using the experimental data obtained from PV experiments with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data for different values of feed flow rates and temperatures. The modeling findings also indicated that permeate flux increases with increasing feed flow rate and temperature in the membrane module. The simulation results revealed that the developed model can provide a general simulation of transport in PV. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 50 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259809 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016188
Studies on adsorption/desorption of nitrobenzene and humic acid onto/from activated carbon Author: Rauthula M.S.; Srivastava V.C. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India Author email: vimalcsr@yahoo.co.in Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (35-43) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011)
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Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 42 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.026 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Control; Health and Environment; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Sorption; Unit Operations; Water Pollution Abstract: This paper reports results of the studies on adsorption of nitrobenzene (NB) and humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon commercial (ACC) grade. Characterization of ACC showed its meso-porous nature. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra of the ACC indicated presence of various types of functional groups on its surface. Thermo-gravimetric analysis exhibited the thermal stability of the ACC up to 300(deg)C. The adsorption kinetics of NB and HA onto ACC could be represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption processes could be well described by a two-stage diffusion model. Thermal regeneration showed that ACC could be used for five desorption-adsorption cycles with good efficiency for NB and HA in each cycle. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 51 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259808 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016187
Performance of calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production: A review Author: Boey P.-L.; Maniam G.P.; Hamid S.A. Corporate Source: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Author email: gaanty@hotmail.com Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n1, (15-22) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 63 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Review; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.009 Publication Date: March 15, 2011 (110315) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products
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Abstract: The accelerating and frequently fluctuating price of conventional diesel, together with growing environmental concerns has sparked renewed attention on the search for an alternative fuel. The awareness of the toxic effects related to the tailpipe emissions of vehicles has driven many countries to look for a less-polluted transportation fuel. In this regard, biodiesel (alkyl esters) from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification is regarded as the most viable alternative as a green fuel for diesel engines. Transesterification is a catalyzed process and, traditionally, homogeneous catalysts are employed. However, this type of catalyst is not able to be reused and requires tedious washing and separating steps, hence, stimulating the conception of heterogeneous-catalyzed transesterification. Despite the success of various heterogeneous catalysts, many are not viable for wide industrial usage as most of the catalysts are expensive and need additional preparation effort. Among them, CaO seems to have a promising place and the increasing research on CaO is self-evidence of its capability in catalyzing the reaction. Therefore, in this paper, various issues regarding CaO-catalyzed transesterification are reviewed. The diverse performance of CaO in neat, loaded and mixed forms, as well as a support for other catalyst systems, CaO reaction mechanism, CaO tolerance to low to moderate oil qualities and reaction conditions, the conformance of CaO-catalyzed biodiesel to key specifications and the future outlook and the challenges of the catalyst are suitably addressed. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 52 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255866 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012245
Activity of nanocasted oxides for gas-phase dehydration of glycerol Author: Vasconcelos S.J.S.; Lima C.L.; Filho J.M.; Oliveira A.C.; Barros E.B.; De Sousa F.F.; Rocha M.G.C.; Bargiela P.; Oliveira A.C. Corporate Source: Universidade Federal Do Ceara, Campus Do Pici-Bloco 940, Langmuir Lab. de Adsorcao e Catalise, 60.000.000 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Universidade Federal Do Ceara, Campus Do Pici-Bloco 922, Departamento de Fisica, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Instituto de Quimica, Ondina, Salvador-Ba, Brazil Author email: alcineia@ufc.br Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (656-664) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 35 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.053 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis;
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Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: A series of nanocasted oxides were synthesised, and an analysis using basicity measurements provided evidence that low strength basic sites with high accessibility favoured the production of 1-hydroxyacetone from glycerol dehydration. Among the oxides studied (e.g., CeO SUB 2 , ZrO SUB 2 , and TiO SUB 2 ), the best results were obtained for a CeO SUB 2 -ZrO SUB 2 binary oxide (activity = 3 x 10 SUP -6 mmol g SUP -1 h SUP -1 ), which revealed that a moderate basicity allowed acid-base cooperativity in the Ce SUB 0.8 Zr SUB 0.2 O SUB 2 phase to produce 1-hydroxyacetone. Indeed, TEM, Raman, XPS and SEM-EDX analyses and textural properties showed that these features influenced the activity of the catalyst towards glycerol conversion by preventing coking. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 53 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255865 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012244
Phenolic compounds biosorption onto Schizophyllum commune fungus: FTIR analysis, kinetics and adsorption isotherms modeling Author: Kumar N.S.; Min K. Corporate Source: Department of Safety Environmental System Engineering, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, South Korea Author email: shivanadavala@gmail.com Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (562-571) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 62 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.023 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Health and Environment; Liquid Wastes Abstract: The contamination of water by organic pollutants viz. phenolic compounds (phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CPh) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CPh)) is a worldwide environmental problem due to their highly toxic nature. The use of non-living Schizophyllum commune fungus (S. commune fungus) to remove phenol, 2-CPh and 4-CPh from water under equilibrium and column flow experimental conditions was evaluated. The resulting biosorbent was characterized by BET surface area analysis, Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The effect of experimental parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate and amount of biosorbent dosage was evaluated. The experimental data were fitted to various isotherm models. The maximum monolayer adsorption
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capacity of S. commune fungus for phenol, 2-CPh and 4-CPh was found to be 120, 178 and 244 mg/g, respectively, at 25 +/- 2(deg)C according to Langmuir model. The equilibrium time was found to be 2 h for all adsorbates to complete saturation. Kinetic studies showed the adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetic model. The column regeneration studies were carried out for three adsorption-desorption cycles. The eluant used for the regeneration of the adsorbent was 0.1 M NaOH. Based on the results obtained such as good uptake capacity, rapid kinetics, and its low cost, S. commune fungus appears to be a promising biosorbent material for the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous media. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 54 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255864 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012243
Preparation of supported Ni catalysts on various metal oxides with core/shell structures and their tests for the steam reforming of methane Author: Kim H.-W.; Kang K.-M.; Kwak H.-Y.; Kim J.H. Corporate Source: Mechanical Engineering Department, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-ku, Seoul 156-756, South Korea; Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea Author email: kwakhy@cau.ac.kr Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (775-783) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 39 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.045 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: Various metal oxide-supported nickel catalysts with core/shell structures such as Ni/Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 , Ni/MgO-Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 , Ni/CeO SUB 2 and Ni/Ce SUB 0.4 Zr SUB 0.6 O SUB 2 were synthesized in the multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) condition, and their catalytic tests for the steam reforming of methane (SRM) to produce hydrogen were performed. The prepared catalysts were analyzed by XRD, TEM and XPS. The reduction properties of the catalysts were measured by thermal programmed reduction (TPR). Among all the Ni catalysts tested, the supported Ni catalysts with core/shell structures of 10% Ni loading on Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 and MgO-Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 performed best in the steam reforming of methane. The supported Ni catalysts with core/shell structures of Ni/Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 and Ni/MgO-Al SUB 2 O SUB 3 yielded a
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97% methane temperature first 50 h. the methane temperature Record - 55
conversion with H SUB 2 O/CH SUB 4 = 2 at a reaction of 750(deg)C and showed excellent thermal stability for the Even under a severe condition of H SUB 2 O/CH SUB 4 = 1, conversion over those catalysts was about 83% at a reaction of 750(deg)C. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of temperature and concentration on treating NO in simulated diesel exhaust via SOFCs with Cu-added (LaSr)MnO SUB 3 cathode Author: Huang T.-J.; Wu C.-Y.; Wu C.-C. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Republic of China (ROC) Author email: tjhuang@che.nthu.edu.tw Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (672-677) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 19 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.055 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Health and Environment; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell unit is constructed with Ni-YSZ as the anode, YSZ as the electrolyte, and Cu-added La SUB 0.8 Sr SUB 0.2 MnO SUB 3 -Ce SUB 0.9 Gd SUB 0.1 O SUB 1.95 as the cathode. Cu addition is done by impregnation and doping, respectively. It is found that zero NO SUB x emissions can be achieved no matter how large the inlet NO concentration is in the simulated diesel exhaust. The major driving force for NO SUB x conversion is not the electrical power. Cu addition by impregnation results in larger rate of NO decomposition than that by doping. At 600(deg)C, both NO and NO SUB x conversions increase with increasing O SUB 2 concentration from 6 to 14%. Lower temperature is beneficial for the NO SUB x conversion. Both very low and very high NO concentrations are beneficial for the NO and NO SUB x conversions. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 56 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255862 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012241
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Significance of gas velocity change during the transport of CO SUB 2 Author: Faiz R.; El-Naas M.H.; Al-Marzouqi M. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, P.O. Box 17555, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates Author email: muftah@uaeu.ac.ae Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (593-603) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 20 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.029 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Natural Gas; Natural Gas Treating Abstract: A comprehensive 2D mathematical model was developed for the physical and chemical absorption of CO SUB 2 from natural gas containing high percentage of CO SUB 2 . Unlike previous mathematical models, the model considers change in the axial gas velocity as CO SUB 2 is being absorbed from the gas mixture. The model was validated with the experimental data and compared with previous model results for a gas mixture containing 10% CO SUB 2, and then was expanded to account for higher percentages of CO SUB 2 . For 10% CO SUB 2 , the model predictions showed a slight difference between the previous model and the experimental data for the physical absorption of CO SUB 2 . However, there was a much improved agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data for the case of chemical absorption using 0.005 M MEA. Although this difference might be small for low content of CO SUB 2 in gas mixtures, the model results showed that the decrease in gas velocity becomes significant for higher content of CO SUB 2 , particularly if high absorption rate of CO SUB 2 was achieved and thus, maintaining a high percent of removal of CO SUB 2 due to the increase in residence time. This is a major contrast with the previous model behavior where the percent removal of CO SUB 2 continuously decreased with the introduction of more CO SUB 2 in the gas mixture. Furthermore, the model results showed that the effect of bulk flow contribution for gas mixtures containing high content of CO SUB 2 is insignificant for systems where the gas phase mass transfer resistance is small when compared to that of the liquid phase. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 57 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255861 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012240
Electricity generation from synthetic penicillin wastewater in an air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell
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Author: Wen Q.; Kong F.; Zheng H.; Cao D.; Ren Y.; Yin J. Corporate Source: Key Laboratory of Super-light Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China Author email: wenqing_hrbeu@yahoo.com.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (572-576) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 22 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.025 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: A single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) with an air-cathode was successfully demonstrated using glucose-penicillin mixtures or penicillin as fuel. Results showed that penicillin can be degraded and produce electricity simultaneously. Interestingly, these glucose-penicillin mixtures played an active role in production of electricity. The maximum power density for 1 g L SUP -1 glucose + 50 mg L SUP -1 penicillin (101.2 W m SUP -3 ) was 6-fold higher than the sum of that for 1 g L SUP -1 glucose (14.7 W m SUP -3 ) and 50 mg L SUP -1 penicillin (2.1 W m SUP -3 ) as the sole fuel. The maximum current density with 50 mg L SUP -1 penicillin (10.73 A m SUP -2 ) was 3.5-fold compared with that without penicillin (3.03 A m SUP -2 ). Results suggested that penicillin might increase the permeability of electrogens membranes, which would facilitate the direct electron transfer from microbe through cell membranes to anode and reduce internal resistance of the MFC and consequently improve power density. Moreover, penicillin degradation rate reached 98% within 24 h in the MFC using 1 g L SUP -1 glucose + 50 mg L SUP -1 penicillin as substrates. The presence of penicillin also enhanced the degradation efficiency of substrates. These results indicated that some toxic and bio-refractory organic matter such as antibiotic wastewater might be suitable resources for electricity generation using the MFC technology. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 58 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255860 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012239
Biomass pyrolysis in a micro-fluidized bed reactor: Characterization and kinetics Author: Yu J.; Yao C.; Zeng X.; Geng S.; Dong L.; Wang Y.; Gao S.; Xu G. Corporate Source: State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex System, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Author email: sqgao@home.ipe.ac.cn; gwxu@home.ipe.ac.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (839-847) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 33 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.097 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: A micro-fluidized bed reactor (MFBR) was developed to enable (1) on-line pulse feeding and rapid heating of particle reactant, (2) effective suppression of the interfacial diffusion via fluidization, (3) minimization of intra-particle diffusion through adoption of fine solid reactants, and (4) on-line monitoring the composition of effluent product gas using, for example, process mass spectrometer. Application of the MFBR to biomass pyrolysis demonstrated that the reactor led the pyrolysis to have higher gas yield and less remaining carbon than the test in TG, and at 1173 K the reaction finished in 10 s. The time span to release an individual gas component appeared longest for H SUB 2 , shortest for CO SUB 2 and equivalent for CH SUB 4 and CO in between. Reaction kinetics was investigated with respect to the formation of individual gas component and pyrolysis gas mixture. The resulting activation energy and preexponential factor with respect to gas mixture were 11.77 kJ/mol and 1.45 s SUP -1 , respectively. These values were obviously lower than those measured with TG and fixed bed reactors, reflecting the quick reaction nature enabled by the MFBR. A consequent comparison revealed further the factors that affect the values of the kinetic parameters. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 59 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255859 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012238
Effects of limestone calcination on the gasification processes in a BFB coal gasifier Author: Armstrong L.M.; Gu S.; Luo K.H. Corporate Source: Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Xi'An Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, No.111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China Author email: s.gu@soton.ac.uk Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (848-860) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA
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No. of references: 53 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.102 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Coal Conversion; Gasification; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: An Eulerian-Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the gasification processes in a coal bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) is presented incorporating the devolatilisation, heterogeneous, homogeneous reactions and limestone calcination. The model considers separate phases for the coal, limestone and char and is carried out for different experimental conditions taken from the literature. The results of the exiting gas compositions have been averaged over time and validated with experimental data. The hydrodynamic behaviour as well as temperature and reaction distributions within the bed is presented. The impact of limestone calcination on the gaseous composition is observed. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 60 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255858 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012237
Reactor modeling of sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of methane. Part II: Effect of operational parameters Author: Halabi M.H.; De Croon M.H.J.M.; Van Der Schaaf J.; Cobden P.D.; Schouten J.C. Corporate Source: Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands; Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands Author email: j.c.schouten@tue.nl Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (883-888) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 26 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.016 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Control; Health and Environment; Hydrogen; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Pure Hydrocarbons; Sorption; Unit Operations Abstract: The process of sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of methane
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is mathematically analyzed in a fixed bed reformer for pure H SUB 2 production with in situ CO SUB 2 capture at low temperature. A conventional Ni/MgO steam reforming catalyst is used. K-promoted hydrotalcite and lithium zirconate materials are examined as potential sorbents. A 1D heterogeneous dynamic fixed bed reactor model is constructed and employed in the study. The model accounts for mass and thermal dispersion in the axial direction, pressure drop, and intraparticle and interfacial resistances. The process performance is analyzed under dynamic conditions with respect to key operational parameters: gas hourly space velocity, oxygen/carbon ratio, steam/carbon ratio, catalyst/sorbent ratio, operating pressure, and particle size. The influence of these parameters on gas temperature, CH SUB 4 conversion, H SUB 2 yield and purity, and thermal reforming efficiency is demonstrated. The process is found to be benefited from low space velocity operation (0.05 kg/m SUP 2 s), low pressure (4.47 bar), small particle size (0.5-1.0 mm), and high steam/carbon ratio (6). The high heat of reaction generated during the CO SUB 2 chemisorption on lithium zirconate is also investigated if it is sufficient to provide a heat supplement at lower oxygen/carbon ratio at the adiabatic conditions of the autothermal reforming process. Oxygen/carbon ratio of less than 0.35 results in methane conversion of less than 95%. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 61 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255857 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012236
Improvement of acidification on dewaterability of oily sludge from flotation Author: Guo S.; Li G.; Qu J.; Liu X. Corporate Source: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Liaohe Company Oilfield, CNPC, Panjin 124010, China Author email: shuhaiguo@iae.ac.cn; ligang@iae.ac.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (746-751) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 37 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.070 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Health and Environment; Liquid Wastes Abstract: This paper presents the improvement of acidification on the dewaterability of oily sludge from a flotation process. Various parameters, including the volume of supernatant water, capillary suction time (CST), and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were used to evaluate the dewaterability of oily sludge. In addition, floc
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size distribution and release rates of Al(III) were used to explain skeleton breakage as a result of the acidification treatment. Results show that dewaterability increased obviously as the sludge pH decreased. After 120 min of settling, the volume of supernatant water reached 77% at pH 4.0. Maximum reductions in CST and SRF were 93.1% and 89.2%, respectively. Following acidification, the flocs in the oily sludge achieved a broader particle size distribution and a smaller median diameter [d (0.5)] of 36.0 mum (cf. 74.4 mum for the raw sample). In addition, lower pH led to a greater rate of release of Al(III). This study verifies that the floc skeleton of oily sludge can be broken through the dissolution of aluminum hydroxide; i.e., acidification enhances the dewaterability of oily sludge by changing the floc structure. All results indicate that acidification is advisable as a pretreatment of oily sludge. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 62 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255856 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012235
Amine-modified mesocellular silica foams for CO SUB 2 capture Author: Yan X.; Zhang L.; Zhang Y.; Qiao K.; Yan Z.; Komarneni S. Corporate Source: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, CNPC Key Laboratory of Catalysis, China University of Petroleum, No. 66, Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266555, China; State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States Author email: zfyancat@upc.edu.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (918-924) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 38 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.066 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment Abstract: Three mesocellular silica foam (MCF) materials with different window sizes were prepared and functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) for use as CO SUB 2 adsorbents. The as-prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. CO SUB 2 capture was performed in a fixed bed reactor operated at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the CO SUB 2 adsorption capacity increased with the window size of the MCF substrates. MCF material that had the largest window size exhibited the largest CO SUB 2 uptake of 152.0 mg/g of adsorbent (304.0
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mg/g of PEI) with a 50 wt% PEI loading under the conditions of 15.1% (v/v) CO SUB 2 in N SUB 2 at 75(deg)C and atmospheric pressure. It is one of the highest capture capacities per gram of PEI reported in the literature thus far under the above conditions used. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycles revealed that the MCF modified by PEI is a good adsorbent for CO SUB 2 with good cyclic stability. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 63 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255855 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012234
Adiabatic operation of chromatographic fixed-bed reactors Author: Sainio T.; Zhang L.; Seidel-Morgenstern A. Corporate Source: Lappeenranta University of Technology, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Skinnarilankatu 34, FIN-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, D-39106 Madgeburg, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University, Universitatsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany Author email: tuomo.sainio@lut.fi Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (861-871) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 36 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.010 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Adiabatic operation of single column chromatographic reactors was investigated experimentally and using numerical simulations. Esterification of acetic acid with alcohols to produce methyl acetate and ethyl acetate was carried out under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Higher conversions of the acids, as well as higher ester/water mole ratio in the product fraction, were obtained in the adiabatic reactor than in the isothermal reactor. Improved performance was attributed to a thermal wave that travels through the reactor together with the reaction front. It was shown that thermal effects in such systems originate from reaction heat, adsorption enthalpies, as well as the enthalpy of mixing. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate under which conditions adiabatic operation of a fixed-bed chromatographic reactor is potentially beneficial. The influence of physical properties of the reaction system (heat capacities of the liquid and solid phases, reaction rate, and separation factor) and operating parameters (injection volume of reactant and residence time) on the process performance was
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demonstrated. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 64 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255854 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011012233
Hydrodynamics of an FCC riser using energy minimization multiscale drag model Author: Shah M.T.; Utikar R.P.; Tade M.O.; Pareek V.K. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia Author email: v.pareek@curtin.edu.au Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (812-821) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 30 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.076 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalytic Conversions; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: In this study, a structured-based drag was derived using the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model, and used to carry out computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for low and high solid flux fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) risers. The results were compared with those using the Gidaspow drag model, as well as experimental data and previous simulation results. Initially, the EMMS model was solved for two flow conditions and the correlations for the drag coefficients were derived, which were then used to simulate 2D domain of the risers. The time-averaged axial and radial profiles of voidages and pressured drop were compared with the experimental data. The comparison showed that only EMMS model was able to capture the axial heterogeneity with the dense bottom and dilute top sections. The radial profiles using both drag models showed only qualitative agreement with the experimental data. The results using the EMMS and Gidaspow drag model showed a reasonable agreement near the wall and the centre, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the EMMS model was able to predict both axial and radial heterogeneity for both flow conditions, but only qualitatively; however, further improvements are required to achieve quantitative agreement with the experimental data. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 65 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved.
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0009255853
Reactor modeling of sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of methane. Part I: Performance study of hydrotalcite and lithium zirconate-based processes Author: Halabi M.H.; De Croon M.H.J.M.; Van Der Schaaf J.; Cobden P.D.; Schouten J.C. Corporate Source: Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands; Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands Author email: j.c.schouten@tue.nl Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (872-882) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 63 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.015 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Control; Health and Environment; Hydrogen; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Pure Hydrocarbons; Sorption; Unit Operations Abstract: This paper presents a performance analysis for the sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of CH SUB 4 in a fixed bed reformer for pure H SUB 2 production with in situ CO SUB 2 capture. The process is analyzed for two candidate sorbents of K-promoted hydrotalcite and lithium zirconate in a fixed bed reactor using a conventional Ni/MgO steam reforming catalyst. A 1-D heterogeneous dynamic model is constructed to simulate the process, accounting for mass and thermal dispersion in the axial direction, pressure drop, and intraparticle and interfacial resistances. The process is found to be efficient and applicable even at a low temperature of 500(deg)C for steam reforming reactions and at pressure as low as 4.47 bar for CO SUB 2 adsorption. The hydrotalcite-based autothermal reforming process can provide CH SUB 4 conversion and H SUB 2 purity up to 85% and 96%, respectively, at operational conditions of 500(deg)C, 4.47 bar, steam/carbon ratio of 6, oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.45 and space velocity of 3071 h SUP -1 . This is associated with a low level of CO + CO SUB 2 impurities of less than 300 ppm. The lithium zirconate-based process demonstrated an enhanced CH SUB 4 conversion of 99.5% and dry basis H SUB 2 purity of 99.5% at similar conditions. The process is found to benefit from the high CO SUB 2 sorption capacity of lithium zirconate with respect to the CH SUB 4 conversion and the useful operational time. Nonetheless, lithium zirconate-based process shows a slip of CO + CO SUB 2 impurities up to 1000 ppm in the gas effluent during the transient sorption-enhanced regime before breakthrough. This is mainly attributed to the slow sorption kinetics of lithium zirconate. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 66
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Remediation of phenol-contaminated water by adsorption using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Author: Al-Muhtaseb A.H.; Ibrahim K.A.; Albadarin A.B.; Ali-Khashman O.; Walker G.M.; Ahmad M.N.M. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, P.O. Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, P.O. Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan Author email: a.almuhtaseb@ahu.edu.jo Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (691-699) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 34 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.057 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Health and Environment; Liquid Wastes Abstract: Recently polymeric adsorbents have been emerging as highly effective alternatives to activated carbons for pollutant removal from industrial effluents. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polymerized using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique has been investigated for its feasibility to remove phenol from aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic investigations were undertaken to evaluate the effect of contact time, initial concentration (10-90 mg/L), and temperature (25-55(deg)C). Phenol uptake was found to increase with increase in initial concentration and agitation time. The adsorption kinetics were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intraparticle diffusion analysis indicated that film diffusion may be the rate controlling step in the removal process. Experimental equilibrium data were fitted to five different isotherm models namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson by non-linear least square regression and their goodness-of-fit evaluated in terms of mean relative error (MRE) and standard error of estimate (SEE). The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaG(deg)and DeltaH(deg)indicated that the sorption process is exothermic and spontaneous in nature and that higher ambient temperature results in more favourable adsorption. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 67
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Exerting the structural advantages of Ir-in-CeO SUB 2 and Ir-on-CeO SUB 2 to widen the operating temperature window for preferential CO oxidation Author: Lin J.; Huang Y.; Li L.; Qiao B.; Wang X.; Wang A.; Zhang T. Corporate Source: State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, 457, Dalian 116023, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Author email: xdwang@dicp.ac.cn; taozhang@dicp.ac.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Journal (Netherlands) v168, n2, (822-826) (ISSN 1385-8947) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 1385-8947 CODEN: CMEJA No. of references: 28 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.081 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Chemicals-Processing Catalysts; Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The activities of Ir-in-CeO SUB 2 (Ir embedded in CeO SUB 2 ) and Ir-on-CeO SUB 2 (Ir dispersed on the surface of CeO SUB 2 ) in preferential CO oxidation were comparatively studied in terms of their specific structures with different amount of surface Ir. It was found that the surface exposed Ir sites on Ir-on-CeO SUB 2 were favorable for CO oxidation at low temperature (<100(deg)C). Encapsulating Ir in CeO SUB 2 inhibited the adsorption of H SUB 2 , and also facilitated the activation of surface CeO SUB 2 on Ir-in-CeO SUB 2 , which promised a high CO conversion at high temperature (>120(deg)C). Then a dual bed system with the top Ir-in-CeO SUB 2 and the bottom Ir-on-CeO SUB 2 was developed to widen the temperature window. This dual bed system is unique in affording a high CO conversion in a wide temperature window, from 80 to 200(deg)C, which is superior to single bed catalyst. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Chemical Engineering Progress

Algal biofuels: The research Author: Cheng K.-C.; Ogden K.L. Corporate Source: Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dept. Univ. of Arizona 105H, Harshbarger Bldg., Tucson, AZ 8571, United States Author email: kuc141@email.arizona.edu; ogden@email.arizona.edu Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v107, n3, (42-47) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA No. of references: 12 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: April 20, 2011 (110420) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: A discussion on the technical elements of the algae-to-biofuels process covers efforts to refine the technology to enable scale-up to commercial production; challenges associated with the large-scale production of biofuels from algae; characteristics of microalgae; maximizing lipid production at the molecular level; major cultivation conditions for micro-algae, i.e., photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, mixtrophic, and photoheterotrophic cultivation; the combination of algal cultivation and wastewater treatment; harvesting and extraction; conversion of algal oil to fuel; and technical and economic barriers. Record - 69 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260273 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016652
Algal biofuels: The process Author: Knoshaug E.P.; Darzins A. Corporate Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden CO 80401, United States Author email: eric.knoshaug@nrel.gov Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v107, n3, (37-41+47) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA
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No. of references: 11 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: April 20, 2011 (110420) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Automotive; Automotive Gas Engine Fuels; Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: The production of algal biofuels involves algae cultivation, biomass harvesting and dewatering, lipid extraction, and conversion to fuel. A discussion on algal biofuels covers background information on the idea of converting oils derived from microalgae into high-energy-density transportation fuels; trends in the petroleum oil market; interest in reducing CO SUB 2 emissions; concern in the US about national energy security; potential of algae, with emphasis on its attributes; algal biomass production; fermentation and anaerobic digestion of extracted algal biomass; production of lipid-based algal biofuels; algal growth facilities; post-extraction biomass options; and economic and lifecycle issues. Record - 70 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009260272 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016651
Algal biofuels: The backstory Author: Gopalratnam A. Corporate Source: Society for Biological Engineering, United States Author email: arjug@aiche.org Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v107, n3, (35-36) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: April 20, 2011 (110420) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: Increasing energy demand and dwindling energy resources have spurred interest in making transportation fuels from renewable sources, e.g., microalgae. A discussion on algal biofuels covers the competition for the world's dwindling energy resources; the US' dependence on crude oil from other regions of the world; cellulosic ethanol - derived from the cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin that make up plant cell walls; other advanced biofuels that show promise in helping to achieve the 21 billion gal/yr mandate; background information on microalgae; features of algal biofuels; and the process for making lipid- based fuels from algae.
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Reactions and separations: Preventing maldistribution in multi-pass trays Author: Kister H.Z.; Dionne R.; Stupin W.J.; Olsson M.R. Corporate Source: Fluor Corp., United States Author email: henry.kister@fluor.com; richard.dionne@fluor.com; walter.stupin@fluor.com; matthew.olsson@fluor.com Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v106, n4, (32-41) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2010) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA No. of references: 16 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2010 (101201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Distillation; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: A discussion covers a method that calculates vapor/liquid distribution in four-pass distillation trays to correctly predict flooding and efficiency; basis of the method on hydraulic equations in the open literature; multi-pass balancing; basic multi-pass maldistribution model relationships; liquid and vapor equalization relationships; vapor equalization movement; multi-pass maldistribution model matrix; and case studies, e.g., instability at increased throughput and premature flooding bottleneck. Record - 72 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254511 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010890
Back to basics: Designing four-pass trays Author: Summers D.R. Corporate Source: Sulzer Chemtech USA, Inc., Tulsa, OK, United States Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v106, n4, (26-31) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2010) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA No. of references: 8 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal
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Publication Date: December 1, 2010 (101201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Distillation; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: A discussion covers a procedure to design four-pass distillation column trays and to balance the vapor/liquid ratio on each tray panel; paths available for liquid and vapor to flow through the column; distribution ratio; characteristics of four-pass trays; the equal-bubbling-area (EBA) design method; determining pressure drop on EBA-designed trays; downcomer design for EBA trays; the equal-flowpath-length (EPL) design method; downcomer design for EFPL trays; determining pressure drop on EFPL-designed trays; and rating four-pass trays. Record - 73 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254510 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010889
Understanding electromagnetic flowmeters Author: Digiacomo R.W. Corporate Source: North America for ABB Inc., 125 E. County Line Rd., Warminster, PA 18974, United States Author email: ron.w.digiacomo@us.abb.com Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v106, n5 (ISSN 0360-7275) (2010) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2010 (101201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: General; Metering; Transportation and Storage Abstract: Electromagnetic flowmeters, or magmeters, account for (similar) 20% of all flowmetering applications in processing plants. A discussion on magmeters covers the coils that produce the magnetic field; comparison with other flow-measurement technologies; variables affecting a magmeter's functionality; magmeter construction; conducting fluids; selection criteria; proper installation and calibration; electrode and liner coating; insertion magmeters. Record - 74 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254509 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010888
Capturing CO SUB 2 : Membrane systems move forward Author: Shelley S.
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Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v105, n4 (ISSN 0360-7275) (2009) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2009 (091201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment Abstract: Operators across the CPI have used membrane-based systems to carry out various types of separations. Because of their fundamental engineering and economic advantages over competing separation technologies, membranes are now being explored for CO SUB 2 capture from power plant emissions and other fossil-fuel-based fluegas streams. A discussion on membrane systems for capturing CO SUB 2 covers the nature of the separation, i.e., separating CO SUB 2 from nitrogen in the fluegas; nature of the gas stream; anticipated location in the process; pre-combustion vs. post-combustion capture; competing CO SUB 2 separation membrane systems; use of a sweep gas to improve separation; facilitated transport membranes. Record - 75 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254508 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010887
Bringing a star to earth Author: Berry J.; Ferrada J.; Petrov A.; Wilcher K.; Bond Calloway Jr. T. Corporate Source: U.S. ITER Project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States; Savannah River National Laboratory, United States Author email: berryb@ornl.gov; ferradajj@ornl.gov; petrovay@ornl.gov; wilcherkl@ornl.gov; bond.calloway@srnl.doe.gov Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v105, n4 (ISSN 0360-7275) (2009) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2009 (091201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Conversion and Storage; Energy Sources; Energy Supply; Hydrogen; Nuclear; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The US is part of an international collaboration to construct and operate ITER, a joint R&D project that aims to demonstrate at full=scale the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power and to enable studies of self-heating burning plasmas. A discussion on ITER covers its design; fuels needed for fusion power, i.e., hydrogen and lithium; the tokamak, a machine that produces a toroidal magnetic field for confirming a plasma; US contributions to ITER; the ITER
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cooling water system; design integration using advanced computer-aided design; solving complexities through systems integration; minimizing corrosion through proper water chemistry; and plasma diagnostics. Record - 76 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254507 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010886
Renewable power: Not yet ready for prime time Author: Lee B.S.; Gushee D.E. Corporate Source: Institute of Gas Technology, United States; Congressional Research Service, United States Author email: bslee8@q.com; gushee1930@embarqmail.com Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v105, n4, (22-25) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2009) Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA No. of references: 9 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2009 (091201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Energy Sources; Petroleum Substitutes; Solar; Unconventional Abstract: Before renewable power sources, e.g., wind and solar, can contribute significantly to the overall energy mix, massive electricity storage (MES) is needed to turn the raw power into dispatchable power. A discussion on renewable power covers the public's perception on renewable power sources; marketing dispatchable renewable power; cost issues; and MES technology development. Record - 77 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254497 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010876
Back to basics: Agitating fibrous materials Author: Benz G.T. Corporate Source: Benz Technology International, Inc., 2305 Clarskville Rd., Clarksville, OH 45113, United States Author email: benztech@mindspring.com Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v106, n6, (28-32) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2010) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA No. of references: 4
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Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2010 (101201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Slurry agitation involves complicated processes. Lignocellulosic slurries may also serve as feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. A discussion covers guidelines for understanding the rheology of cellulosic and other fibrous materials; method for scaling up agitation; rheology of fibrous materials; problems in measuring rheology; using an agitator as a viscometer; agitation scale-up; and partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic slurry. Record - 78 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009254496 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011010875
On the horizon: Gazing into an energy crystal ball Author: Weekman Jr. V.W. Corporate Source: Mobil Oil Corp., Purdue Univ., United States Source: Chemical Engineering Progress (United States) v106, n6, (23-27) (ISSN 0360-7275) (2010) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0360-7275 CODEN: CEPRA No. of references: 8 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Progress Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal Publication Date: December 1, 2010 (101201) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Automotive; Automotive Diesel Fuels; Automotive Gasolines; Energy Sources; Hydrogen; Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products; Solar; Unconventional Abstract: By mid-century, new energy sources could be integrated into the existing chemical-conversion infrastructure. Additional research is needed to fine-tune the technologies and improve efficiencies and economics. A discussion on new energy sources covers the growth in non-CO SUB 2 -producing energy sources, e.g., wind, solar, and nuclear; CO SUB 2 -neutral biofuels; fuel needs of the transportation sector; using electricity to produce hydrogen; chemical conversions; co-processing of biomass and high-carbon fossil fuels; and the integration of solar, wind, nuclear, and biomass sources with current chemical conversion infrastructure for fossil fuels.
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Chemical Engineering Research and Design

Esterification of fatty acids in a thermally coupled reactive distillation column by the two-step supercritical methanol method Author: Gomez-Castro F.I.; Rico-Ramirez V.; Segovia-Hernandez J.G.; Hernandez-Castro S. Corporate Source: Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya, Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Av. Tecnologico y Garcia Cubas S/N, Celaya, Guanajuato 38010, Mexico; Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Division de Ciencias Naturales Y Exactas, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico Author email: vicente@iqcelaya.itc.mx Source: Chemical Engineering Research and Design (United Kingdom) v89, n4, (480-490) (ISSN 0263-8762) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0263-8762 CODEN: CERDE No. of references: 24 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.08.009 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: Biodiesel fuel has been shown as a clean energy alternative to petroleum diesel. Conventional biodiesel production involves the use of catalyst, which implies high energy consumptions for the separation of both the catalyst and the by-products of the reaction, including those of the undesirable reaction of saponification. Recently, a process involving the use of short-chain alcohols at supercritical conditions has been proposed (Saka-Dadan process); one of the main advantages of that process is that it avoids the need for a catalyst as well as the occurrence of the saponification reaction. However, although the process requires less pieces of equipment than the conventional one, its energy requirements are still high, making biodiesel fuel more expensive than petroleum diesel. This work proposes the use of reactive distillation and thermally coupled reactive distillation configurations to produce biodiesel fuel by the supercritical methanol method. First-order kinetics is used to represent the esterification reaction, obtaining high conversions in a single shell. Both of the configurations proposed reduce energy requirements when compared to the conventional (Saka-Dadan) process. Calculations were also performed to estimate CO SUB 2 emissions, thermodynamic efficiency and cost. The thermally coupled reactive distillation configuration shows to be the best alternative in terms of energy consumption, CO SUB 2 emissions and
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thermodynamic efficiency. Further, cost estimations also show that the use of a thermally coupled scheme considerably reduces both utilities and capital costs. (c) 2010 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 80 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255179 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011560
Fuzzy cognitive approach of a molecular distillation process Author: Lima N.M.N.; Linan L.Z.; Manenti F.; Filho R.M.; MacIel M.R.W.; Embirucu M.; Medina L.C. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P. O. Box 6066, 13081-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; CMIC Dept. Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy ; Industrial Engineering Programme, Polytechnique Institute, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Federacao, 40210-630 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Author email: nadson@feq.unicamp.br Source: Chemical Engineering Research and Design (United Kingdom) v89, n4, (471-479) (ISSN 0263-8762) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0263-8762 CODEN: CERDE No. of references: 23 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.08.010 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Distillation; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is presented as an alternative modeling tool for the molecular distillation process of heavy liquid petroleum residues. A nonlinear phenomenological model formed by partial differential equations involving temperature and composition is regarded as a virtual working plant for the generation of data required to build the fuzzy models. Furthermore, experimental data from the molecular distillation process of an atmospheric residue 673.15 K upward (673.15 K+) at different operating conditions were used to develop the fuzzy representations. In this work, the system was simulated through the development of software in Fortran 90/95 and the numerical solution by using the finite-difference method. In the fuzzy approaches, the distillation temperature and the feed flow rate are the input variables, while the liquid interface temperature, the film thickness, the concentration profiles, and the distillate flow rate were considered as the output responses. The fuzzy models obtained were compared with the results generated from the phenomenological model, showing an excellent agreement. (c) 2010 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Effect of beta-cyclodextrin on dissolution of methane in water Author: Mohammadi A.; Manteghian M.; Mirzaei M. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author email: a.mohammadi.che@gmail.com; manteghi@modares.ac.ir; mirzaei_ fateme@yahoo.com Source: Chemical Engineering Research and Design (United Kingdom) v89, n4, (421-427) (ISSN 0263-8762) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0263-8762 CODEN: CERDE No. of references: 12 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.07.011 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Crudes; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: In this research the effects of beta-cyclodextrin (CD) on dissolution of methane in water have been investigated. The tests were performed at pressures 3 and 5 bars and temperatures 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 (deg)C. Three solutions constituted from different concentrations of CD were used. Each solution volume was 300 CC. Methane was contacted with each solution in a cell and data of gas pressure vs. time and the total absorption capacity were collected. Addition of 0.5 wt% cyclodextrin increased the capacity of methane absorption as much as 14.63% at temperature 1 (deg)C and primary pressure 3 bars, while the effect of its addition was reduced with temperature increase. Utilization of CD improved the pressure reduction slope of methane at low temperatures. Finally the graphs P-T-t at two initial pressures 3 and 5 bars were plotted for each solution. Record - 82 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255177 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011558
Molecular components-based representation of petroleum fractions Author: Ahmad M.I.; Zhang N.; Jobson M. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, 25000 Peshawar, Pakistan; Centre for
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Process Integration, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom Author email: Imran.Ahmad@nwfpuet.edu.pk Source: Chemical Engineering Research and Design (United Kingdom) v89, n4, (410-420) (ISSN 0263-8762) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0263-8762 CODEN: CERDE No. of references: 41 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.07.016 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Crude Oils; Crudes; Data Correlation and Prediction Methods; Engineering; Fuel Oils; Motor Fuels; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Primary Products; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: Characterisation of petroleum fractions is the systematic analysis and representation of composition and properties of petroleum fractions. Characterisation methods play an important role in understanding of the physical and chemical behaviour of a petroleum fraction, its individual constituents, and are essential for modelling of refinery processes. In order to comply with the current and future product specifications for cleaner fuels, refineries are employing new processing technologies and more severe operating conditions in existing operating units. Consequently refinery process models are required to capture the chemistry of conversion processes employing characterisation of petroleum fractions at molecular level. In this paper a review of the conventional characterisation methods used for modelling of refinery processes is presented. The molecular type and homologous series (MTHS) matrix representation of petroleum fractions is discussed in detail. The previous work on MTHS matrix representation approach is limited to light petroleum fractions such as gasoline, and takes into account only hydrocarbon molecules. These shortcomings of MTHS matrix representation approach are addressed in this work through the development of a new strategy for estimation of composition and properties of petroleum fractions. (c) 2010 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 83 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255176 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011557
Enhanced ammonia synthesis in multifunctional reactor with in situ adsorption Author: Nikacevic N.; Jovanovic M.; Petkovska M. Corporate Source: Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Beograd, Serbia Author email: nikacevic@tmf.bg.ac.rs
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Source: Chemical Engineering Research and Design (United Kingdom) v89, n4, (398-404) (ISSN 0263-8762) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0263-8762 CODEN: CERDE No. of references: 23 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.08.011 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Engineering; Nitrogen Compounds; Other Studies; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Sorption; Unit Operations Abstract: A steady-state, one-dimensional mathematical model for a multifunctional reactor with in situ adsorption for ammonia synthesis is developed. The model represents integrated ammonia catalytic equilibrium reaction with ammonia adsorption in a co-current gas-flowing solids-fixed bed reactor (GFSFBR). The model was used for simulating the performance of an industrial-scale reactor, which confirmed that the reactant conversion is significantly higher in the multifunctional reactor in comparison to the conventional reactor under optimal conditions. The analysis of the simulation results shows that the conversion in the GFSFBR stays higher than those in the classical reactor even if much lower temperatures and pressures are used. (c) 2010 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Record - 84 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255175 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011556
Kinetic study of the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of 1-butyne in presence of 1-butene over a commercial palladium-based catalyst Author: Alves J.A.; Bressa S.P.; Martinez O.M.; Barreto G.F. Corporate Source: Centro de Investigacion Y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Calle 47 No. 257, B1900AJK La Plata, Argentina; Programa de Investigacion Y Desarrollo en Reactores Quimicos, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas Y Tecnicas, Argentina; Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Author email: bressa@quimica.unlp.edu.ar Source: Chemical Engineering Research and Design (United Kingdom) v89, n4, (384-397) (ISSN 0263-8762) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0263-8762 CODEN: CERDE No. of references: 26
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Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Research and Design Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.09.003 Publication Date: April 1, 2011 (110401) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Catalysts and Catalysis; Catalysts/Zeolites; Chemical Products and Processes; Hydrogenation; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum-Processing Catalysts; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: A kinetic investigation of the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of 1-butyne in presence of 1-butene was performed over a commercial palladium-based/alumina catalyst of the eggshell type. This investigation is aimed at validating a kinetic expression to describe 1-butyne hydrogenation under experimental conditions around the typical operating conditions of industrial C SUB 4 cuts hydrorefining processes. Seven levels of temperature between 27 (deg)C and 62 (deg)C were explored. 1-Butyne and n-butene initial mole fractions amounted to ca. 8% and 9% and hydrogen partial pressure was set between 0.85 atm and 7.82 atm. Experimental data and data analysis were extended to 1-butyne total conversion. Palladium proved to be quite selective towards 1-butyne hydrogenation. However, the intrinsic palladium selectivity is impaired by the presence in our experiments of severe intracatalyst diffusion limitations. This result turns the attention to the crucial influence of hydrogen partial pressure level on selectivity because unnecessary hydrogen excesses severely lessen selectivity when 1-butyne becomes the limiting reactant inside the catalyst. A kinetic expression of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson type was proposed to describe the hydrogenation of 1-butyne. 1-Butene hydrogenation rate was described by a zero-order and first-order kinetic expression with respect to 1-butene and hydrogen, respectively. The kinetic model predicts experimental data with an average deviation of 17.1%. The relative inference intervals of the kinetic parameter estimates were less than +/-14.8%. (c) 2010 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Chemical Engineering Science

Kinetics of structure II gas hydrate formation for propane and ethane using an in-situ particle size analyzer and a Raman spectrometer Author: Al-Otaibi F.; Clarke M.; Maini B.; Bishnoi P.R. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. T2N 1N4, Canada Author email: bishnoi@ucalgary.ca Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n11, (2468-2474) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 27 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.012 Publication Date: June 1, 2011 (110601) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Natural Gas; Natural Gas Transportation; Operating Problems; Pipelines; Transportation and Storage Abstract: The kinetics of structure II gas hydrates, formed from pure propane and a mixture of propane and ethane, were investigated and intrinsic rate constants were regressed from the experimental data. The experiments were conducted in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor equipped with an in-situ particle size analyzer and connected to an external Raman spectrometer. Experiments were conducted with pure propane at temperatures ranging from 274 to 276 K and pressures ranging from 0.39 to 0.43 MPa. The intrinsic rate constant for ethane in structure II was subsequently regressed from experimental data on the formation of hydrates formed from an equimolar mixture of propane and ethane at 274 K and 0.35 MPa. Raman spectroscopy was used to verify that ethane was present only in the large sII cavity. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 86 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259932 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016311
A CFD model for biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidized-bed reactors Author: Xue Q.; Heindel T.J.; Fox R.O. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, 2025 Black Engineering Building, Ames, IA 50011, United States Author email: ernest.xue@gmail.com; theindel@iastate.edu; rofox@iastate.edu Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n11, (2440-2452) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 54 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.010 Publication Date: June 1, 2011 (110601) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: In this work, an Euler-Euler multiphase CFD model is proposed for continuous fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized-bed reactor. In the model, a lumped, multi-component, multi-stage kinetic model is applied to describe the pyrolysis of a biomass particle. Variable particle porosity is used to account for the evolution of the particle's physical properties. Biomass is modeled as a composite of three reference components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Pyrolysis products are categorized into three groups: gas, tar vapor (bio-oil), and solid char. The particle kinetic processes and their interactions with the reactive gas phase are modeled with a multi-fluid description derived from the kinetic theory of granular flows. A time-splitting approach is applied to decouple the convection and reaction calculations using a synchronized time step. The CFD model is employed to study the fast pyrolysis of both cellulose and bagasse in a lab-scale fluidized-bed reactor. The dynamics, particle heating, reaction of the biomass phase, char formation, elutriation, and spatial distribution of tar and gas inside the reactor are investigated. The yields of tar, gas, and char are also discussed. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 87 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259931 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016310
Enclathration of hydrogen by organic-compound clathrate hydrates Author: Kawamura T.; Takeya S.; Ohtake M.; Yamamoto Y. Corporate Source: Physical Property Analysis Team, Methane Hydrate Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; Nano-Dynamics Analysis Research Group, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan Author email: t-kawamura@aist.go.jp; s.takaya@aist.go.jp; myu-ootake@aist.go.jp; mc-yoshitaka@aist.go.jp Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n11, (2417-2420)
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(ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 25 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.002 Publication Date: June 1, 2011 (110601) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Hydrogen; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The properties of hydrogen enclathration by cyclic ethers and acetone clathrate hydrates were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopic analysis and volumetric analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction profiles indicate that the hydrates are structure-II hydrates. The variation in lattice constant by hydrogen occupation was investigated. This result indicates that inclusion of H SUB 2 atom within empty small cage changes size of host cages depending on type of guest molecule. Raman results show that the samples formed binary clathrate hydrate of hydrogen and each organic compound. The amount of encaged H SUB 2 was found to be comparable to that of H SUB 2 -THF binary hydrate. The trend of the changes for lattice constants is not related to the amount of encaged H SUB 2 . These results suggest that the organic compounds investigated in this study can be used as alternatives to THF for H SUB 2 enclathration. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 88 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259930 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016309
Dopant-free, polymorphic design of TiO SUB 2 nanocrystals by flame aerosol synthesis Author: Kho Y.K.; Teoh W.Y.; Madler L.; Amal R. Corporate Source: ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany Author email: r.amal@unsw.edu.au Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n11, (2409-2416) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 59 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.058 Publication Date: June 1, 2011 (110601) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Contributing Sciences; Flames and Combustion; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: A dopant-free aerosol synthesis of highly crystalline TiO SUB 2 nanoparticles (20-35 nm) with tunable polymorphic content is demonstrated by rapid flame spray pyrolysis. By controlling precisely the total ambient oxygen partial pressure of the combustion in a quartz tube enclosure, anatase content as high as 96 wt% (4 wt% rutile) was obtained at high oxic flame conditions, while rutile content as high as 94 wt% (6 wt% anatase) was obtained under anoxic flames. The polymorphic variability lies within a narrow range of combustion equivalence ratios, that is, 1.0<Phi<1.5. Unlike any other flame aerosol syntheses, the anatase and rutile crystallite sizes were similar within each sample. Under highly oxic flame conditions (Phi<1.0), twinnings between anatase {0 1 1} planes could be observed, inferring oriented attachment taking place. Such mechanism could not, however, be seen under anoxic flame (Phi>1.0) possibly due to physical hindrance by surface carbonaceous content (typically <2 wt%). The carbon content can be easily removed by short calcination without significantly affecting the surface areas and crystallite properties of the original TiO SUB 2 nanocrystals, preserving hence its pristine state. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 89 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259929 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016308
Experimental and modeling studies on the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction in a dense Pd-Ag packedbed membrane reactor Author: Mendes D.; Sa S.; Tosti S.; Sousa J.M.; Madeira L.M.; Mendes A. Corporate Source: Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ENEA, Unita Tecnica Fusione, C.R. ENEA Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati (RM) I-00044, Italy; Departamento de Quimica, Escola de Ciencias Da Vida e Do Ambiente, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila-Real Codex, Portugal Author email: jmsousa@fe.up.pt; mmadeira@fe.up.pt Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n11, (2356-2367) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 41 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.035 Publication Date: June 1, 2011 (110601)
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Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Hydrogen; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: In this work, an experimental and modeling study is described, focusing on the performance of a Pd-Ag membrane reactor recently proposed and suitable for the production of ultra-pure hydrogen. A packed-bed membrane reactor (MR) with a "finger-like" membrane configuration has been used for carrying out the water-gas shift reaction (WGS) in the region of low temperature operation using a simulated reformate feed. The experiments were performed under a broad range of operating conditions of temperature (200-300(deg)C) and space velocity (1200-10,800 L SUB N kg SUB cat SUP -1 h SUP -1 ); the effect of feed pressure (1-2 bar) was also analyzed, as well as the operating mode at the permeate side: vacuum (30 mbar) or sweep gas (1.0 bar; nitrogen at 1 L SUB N min SUP -1 ). A one-dimensional, isothermal and steady-state model is proposed, which assumes axially dispersed plug flow pattern and pressure drop in the retentate side and plug flow with constant pressure in the permeate side. An innovative composed kinetic model was also used to describe the catalytic activity of the catalyst for the WGS reaction. In general, the simulation results showed a good agreement to the experimental data, in terms of carbon monoxide conversion and hydrogen recovery (and also outlet retentate composition) using only two fitting parameters related to the decline of H SUB 2 permeability due to the presence of CO. Both simulation and experimental runs showed that the MR achieves high performances, for some operating conditions clearly above the maximum limit for conventional packed bed reactors. The performance reached is particularly relevant when hydrogen is recovered via sweep gas mode (a high sweep flow rate was employed), because a lower partial pressure could be reached than using vacuum pumping. In the first case, almost complete CO conversion and H SUB 2 recovery could be reached. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved. Record - 90 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009259928 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011016307
Attainable regions of reactive distillation-Part III. Complex reaction scheme: Van de Vusse reaction Author: Amte V.; Nistala S.; Malik R.; Mahajani S. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India Author email: sanjaym@iitb.ac.in Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n11, (2285-2297) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 26 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.008 Publication Date: June 1, 2011 (110601) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Distillation; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: The main underlying principle behind the application of reactive distillation (RD) for selectivity enhancement is to facilitate the separation of selected components and favorably manipulate the composition profiles in the reactive zone to expedite the desired reaction. In this paper, a geometric approach of attainable region (AR), which is already developed for conventional reactor network, is extended further to include few representative RD configurations. We define new RD building blocks and the corresponding composition vectors that indicate a need of networking of RD units among themselves and with conventional reactors to enlarge the set of attainable compositions. A model reaction scheme of van de Vusse type (Equation presented) is studied as an illustrative example and an algorithm is developed to obtain the attainable region for the given kinetics, feed composition and relative volatilities. In almost all the different cases, which are studied by varying the kinetics and volatility pattern, network consisting of RD units performs better than the conventional reactor network. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 91 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255353 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011732
Adsorption and separation of CH SUB 4 /CO SUB 2 /N SUB 2 /H SUB 2 /CO mixtures in hexagonally ordered carbon nanopipes CMK-5 Author: Peng X.; Cao D.; Wang W. Corporate Source: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Guangzhou Center for Gas Hydrate Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Division of Molecular and Materials Simulation, Key Lab of Nanomaterials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China Author email: pengxuan@mail.buct.edu.cn Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2266-2276) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 40 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.044 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Crudes; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Other Separations; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons;
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Sorption; Unit Operations Abstract: Adsorption and separation of N SUB 2 , CH SUB 4 , CO SUB 2 , H SUB 2 and CO mixtures in CMK-5 material at room temperature have been extensively investigated by a hybrid method of grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation and adsorption theory. The GCMC simulations show that the excess uptakes of pure CH SUB 4 and CO SUB 2 at 6.0 MPa and 298 K can reach 13.18 and 37.56 mmol/g, respectively. The dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich (DSLF) model was also utilized to fit the absolute adsorption isotherms of pure gases from molecular simulations. By using the fitted DSLF model parameters and ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST), we further predicted the adsorption separation of N SUB 2 -CH SUB 4 , CH SUB 4 -CO SUB 2 , N SUB 2 -CO SUB 2 , H SUB 2 -CO, H SUB 2 -CH SUB 4 and H SUB 2 -CO SUB 2 binary mixtures. The effect of the bulk gas composition on the selectivity of these gases is also studied. To improve the storage and separation performance, we finally tailor the structural parameters of CMK-5 material by using the hybrid method. It is found that the uptakes of pure gases, especially for CO SUB 2, can be enhanced with the increase of pore diameter D SUB i , while the separation efficiency is apparently favored in the CMK-5 material with a smaller D SUB i . The selectivity at D SUB i =3.0 nm and 6.0 MPa gives the greatest value of 8.91, 7.28 and 27.52 for SCO2/N2, SCH4/H2 and SCO2/H2, respectively. Our study shows that CMK-5 material is not only a promising candidate for gas storage, but also suitable for gas separation. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 92 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255352 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011731
Sorption-enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis-Multiscale reactor modeling Author: Iliuta I.; Iliuta M.C.; Larachi F. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada Author email: maria-cornelia.iliuta@gch.ulaval.ca Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2241-2251) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 37 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.047 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Chemical Products and Processes; Control; Health and Environment; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: As an opportunity for the attenuation of atmospheric CO SUB 2 emissions, conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable oxygenates as
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fuel additives or fuel surrogates was explored conceptually in terms of a potentially feasible dimethyl ether (DME) conversion process. Incentives for application of conventional CO SUB 2 -DME conversion process are insufficient due to low CO SUB 2 conversion, and DME yield and selectivity. In-situ H SUB 2 O removal by adsorption (sorption-enhanced reaction process) can lead to the displacement of the water gas shift equilibrium and therefore, the enhancement of CO SUB 2 conversion into methanol and the improvement of DME productivity. A two-scale, isothermal, unsteady-state model has been developed to evaluate the performance of a sorption-enhanced DME synthesis reactor. Modeling results show that under H SUB 2 O removal conditions, methanol and DME yields and DME selectivity are favoured and the methanol selectivity decreases. The increase of methanol and DME yields and DME selectivity becomes more important at higher CO SUB 2 feed concentration because a relatively large amount of water is produced followed by a large quantity of water removed from the system. Also, the drop in the fraction of unconverted methanol becomes more important when CO SUB 2 feed concentration is higher and the dehydration reaction is favoured. Therefore, application of the sorption-enhanced reaction concept allows the use of CO SUB 2 as a constituent of the synthesis gas as the in-situ H SUB 2 O removal accelerates the reverse water gas shift reaction. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 93 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255351 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011730
Reaction kinetics and producer gas compositions of steam gasification of coal and biomass blend chars, part 2: Mathematical modelling and model validation Author: Xu Q.; Pang S.; Levi T. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; CRL Energy Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand Author email: shusheng.pang@canterbury.ac.nz Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2232-2240) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 21 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.054 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Coal Conversion; Gasification; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: In gasification of biomass, coal and blended biomass and coal, there are two steps including an initial pyrolysis process followed by gasification of solid char. The latter process is a slow process and thus dominates the whole gasification. In our previous paper (Xu et
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al., in press), the differences between steam gasification of biomass chars and that of coal chars have experimentally been investigated and the results show that these differences are mainly due to the difference in microstructures of these two fuels. In this work, a mathematical model of char gasification is developed based on reaction kinetics and gas transportation of both the producer gas and the gasification agent (steam). The model also includes mass conservation equations for each of the gas components and solid carbon involved in the gasification process. This has resulted in a set of highly nonlinear differential equations which have been solved using a numerical technique to predict gas production rate, gas compositions and carbon consumption rate during the gasification. The developed mathematical model is validated using experimental results reported in previous paper (Xu et al., in press), and close agreement between the simulation results and the experimental values have been observed. From the modelling, it has been confirmed that the char gasification is mainly determined by the characteristics of char matrix including the exposed surface area and the micro-pore size. The former determines intrinsic reaction rate and the latter influences the intra-particle mass transportation. Biomass char has more amorphous structure, thus the intrinsic reaction rate is enhanced. For coal char, the larger pore size enables the high transport rate of the gasification agent (water vapour) into the char particles but the resultant gases have higher resistance to transfer through compact clusters. For simulation of the blended biomass and coal, the blend properties were determined based on the blend proportion of each fuel. The close agreement between the simulation results and experimental data suggests that the approach in this work can adequately quantify the gasification kinetics and the gas composition. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 94 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255350 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011729
Effect of a dispersed immiscible liquid phase on the hydrodynamics of a bubble column and ebullated bed Author: Pjontek D.; Landry J.; McKnight C.A.; Hackman L.P.; MacChi A. Corporate Source: Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada; Syncrude Canada Ltd., 9421-17 Avenue, Edmonton, Alta. T6N 1H4, Canada Author email: arturo.macchi@uottawa.ca Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2224-2231) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 26 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.040 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Engineering; Motor Fuels; Non-Fossil
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Fuels; Other Fuels; Other Studies; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: Secondary undesired reactions in ebullated bed resid hydroprocessors can generate an additional dispersed liquid phase, referred as mesophase, which is denser and more viscous than the continuous liquid phase and affects the operation and transport phenomena of the fluidized bed. This study investigates the effect of a dispersed immiscible liquid phase on the overall phase holdups, bubble properties, and fluidization behavior in a bubble column and ebullated bed. The experimental system consisted of biodiesel as the continuous liquid phase, glycerol as the dispersed liquid phase, 1.3 mm diameter glass beads, and nitrogen. The addition of dispersed glycerol reduced the gas holdups in the bubble column for the studied gas and liquid superficial velocities. Dynamic gas disengagement profiles reveal a rise in the large bubble population and reductions to the small and micro bubble holdups when increasing the glycerol concentration. Liquid-liquid-solid bed expansions at various liquid flowrates confirm particle agglomeration in the presence of a more viscous dispersed liquid phase. Overall phase holdups in a gas-liquid-liquid-solid ebullated bed were obtained while varying the gas and liquid flowrates as well as the glycerol concentration. A coalesced bubble flow regime was observed in the bed region without glycerol whereas the addition of glycerol resulted in the dispersed bubble flow regime due to particle clustering and a greater apparent particle size. The resulting bubble flow regime increased the bed and freeboard region gas holdups due to enhanced bubble break-up. Observations of the fluidized bed behavior following the addition of the dispersed glycerol are also discussed. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 95 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255349 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011728
Vapor-liquid equilibrium in amino acid salt system: Experiments and modeling Author: Aronu U.E.; Hessen E.T.; Haug-Warberg T.; Hoff K.A.; Svendsen H.F. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway Author email: ugochukwu.aronu@chemeng.ntnu.no; hallvard.svendsen@chemeng.ntnu.no Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2191-2198) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 34 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.033 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515)
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Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Pollution Control Abstract: Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements were carried out for both unloaded and CO SUB 2 loaded aqueous amino acid salt (AAS) solutions of the potassium salt of sarcosine (KSAR). Vapor-liquid equilibrium for unloaded solutions; 1.0-5.0 M KSAR was measured using a Swietoslawski ebulliometer for temperatures 40, 60, 80 and 100(deg)C and for total pressures 4.08-97.8 kPa while vapor-liquid equilibrium for CO SUB 2 loaded solutions of 3.5 M KSAR was measured using both low and high temperature VLE apparatuses for 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120(deg)C and for CO SUB 2 partial pressures ranging from 0.03 to 971 kPa. A thermodynamic model representing the AAS solvent system was developed using the extended UNIQUAC framework. The developed model accurately predicts the equilibrium speciation in loaded solutions from SUP 13 C NMR data and gives a very good representation of the solubility of CO SUB 2 in the amino acid salt solution as well as the total pressure of the unloaded system at all measured temperatures, loadings and pressures. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 96 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255348 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011727
Reaction kinetics and producer gas compositions of steam gasification of coal and biomass blend chars, part 1: Experimental investigation Author: Xu Q.; Pang S.; Levi T. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; CRL Energy Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand Author email: shusheng.pang@canterbury.ac.nz Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2141-2148) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 23 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.026 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Coal Conversion; Gasification; Hydrogen; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Biomass and coal are important solid fuels for generation of hydrogen-rich syngas from steam gasification. In this work, experiments were performed in a bench-scale gasifier to investigate the effect of coal-to-biomass ratio and the reaction kinetics for gasification of chars of biomass, coal and coal-biomass blends. In the gasification of these chars, steam was used as the gasification agent, while nitrogen was used as a gas carrier. The gasification temperature was controlled
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at 850, 900 and 950(deg)C. Gas produced was analysed using a micro-GC from which carbon conversion rate was also determined. From the experiments, it is found that the coal and biomass chars have different gasification characteristics and the overall reaction rate decreases with an increase in the ratio of coal-to-biomass. The microstructure of the coal char and biomass char was examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and it was found that the biomass char is more amorphous, whereas the coal char has larger pore size. The former enhances the intrinsic reaction rate and the latter influences the intra particle mass transportation. The difference in mass transfer of the gasification agent into the char particles between the two fuels is dominant in the char gasification. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 97 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255347 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011726
Modeling of dry pressure drop for fully developed gas flow in structured packing using CFD simulations Author: Said W.; Nemer M.; Clodic D. Corporate Source: Mines Paristech, 60 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75006 Paris, France Author email: walid.said@mines-paristech.fr Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2107-2117) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 22 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.011 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Distillation; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: Dry pressure drop in columns equipped with structured packings is considered to involve two components: drag force due to the direction changes near the column walls and in the transition region between two packing layers rotated to each other by 90(deg), and friction force between the different gas flows inside the crossing triangular channels and with the packing solid walls. It is believed that in a packed bed with compact sheet density and large packing surface area (above 250 m SUP 2 /m SUP 3 ), the major contribution of the pressure drop is generated by the friction component. In this paper, a model is proposed to determine the dry pressure drop friction component. The gas is assumed to establish a fully developed turbulent flow inside the structured packing channels. The structured packing geometry consists of a combination of periodic elements. It is shown that the reproduction of one periodic element aerodynamics leads to determine the gas distribution and pressure drop inside the packed bed.
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Therefore, modeling the dry pressure drop through one periodic element is a meaningful representation of the dry pressure drop over the packing. CFD simulations are carried out on periodic elements using different turbulence models: RNG k-epsilon, realizable k-epsilon, and SST k-omega. The best results that agree with the experimental data in the literature are obtained with the SST k-omega model. The CFD model proposed is used to study the impact of packing geometry variations on the dry pressure drop and to bring up a correlation for the pressure drop with respect to changes of packing geometry: channel height dimension, channel opening angle, and corrugation angle. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Record - 98 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255346 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011725
Oxygen transport through dense BaBi SUB 0.05 Sc SUB 0.1 Co SUB 0.85 O SUB 3-delta ceramic membrane Author: Sunarso J.; Wang G.X.; Liu S.; Diniz Da Costa J.C.; Rudolph V. Corporate Source: FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld. 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC), Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld. 4072, Australia Author email: gxwang@uq.edu.au Source: Chemical Engineering Science (United Kingdom) v66, n10, (2091-2097) (ISSN 0009-2509) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0009-2509 CODEN: CESCA No. of references: 26 Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Science Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.014 Publication Date: May 15, 2011 (110515) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Conversion and Storage; Energy Supply; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: Novel dense perovskite BaBi SUB 0.05 Sc SUB 0.1 Co SUB 0.85 O SUB 3-delta (BBSC) membranes showed promising flux performance to separate oxygen from air. The oxygen transport through BBSC in discs and hollow fibres geometry were modelled as a function of oxygen partial pressure in the permeate side and temperature using simple correlations. The oxygen diffusion (D SUB O ) and surface exchange (k SUB S ) coefficients and also the characteristic thickness (L SUB C ) were extracted from the series of flux data based on disc membranes. Employing the obtained oxygen diffusion coefficient, the surface exchange coefficients (k SUB f and k SUB r ) for the hollow fibre geometry can then be obtained from another tubular correlation by fitting with flux data based on hollow fibre membranes. The physical
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importance of the parameters (i.e. D SUB O , k SUB S , L SUB C , k SUB f and k SUB r ) was discussed. The effects of controllable variables, i.e. temperature and oxygen partial pressure, in the permeate side onto oxygen flux performance were also elaborated. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Hydrocarbon Engineering
Sweet and sour Author: Slavens A.; Jorgensen C.; Polise S. Corporate Source: Black and Veatch, United States Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (45-46+48) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Crudes; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: Shale gas has been called a game changer, a revolution, creating a paradigmatic shift in the North American energy industry. With its low sulfur content, unconventional gas will certainly affect the sulfur supply outlook for the future. A discussion covers the sulfur "sulfur glut"l; rise of unconventional gas reserves (shale gas, tight gas, coalbed methane); sulfur supply predictions; comparison of sulfur production from oil and gas for scenario projections; and supply/demand balance scenarios. Record - 100 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255486 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011865
Process insight: Comparing physical solvents for acid gas removal Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (82) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract:
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Physical solvents such as Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol (DEPG), N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), Methanol, and Propylene Carbonate are often used to treat sour gas. These physical solvents differ from chemical solvents such as ethanolamines and hot potassium carbonate in a number of ways. A discussion covers the physical solvents, i.e., DEPG, methanol; propylene carbonate; NMP; gas solubilities in physical solvents; and determining the most economical choice of solvent based on the product requirements. Record - 101 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255485 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011864
Third generation heat tracers improve safety Author: Malone N. Corporate Source: Heat Trace Limited, United Kingdom Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (75-79) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Engineering; Equipment, Materials and Utilities; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: M.I. heating cables are necessary whenever process temperatures can exceed the limits of thermoplastics, for duties where cable must be resistant to radiation and for applications requiring heaters of high mechanical strength. The problem of individual circuit designs is exacerbated when heating short pipe lengths, because available cable resistances were insufficiently high for the low power requirements and short cable lengths. There are many such short lengths of instrument tubing in refineries, chemical plants, power stations, and the like. Heat Trace Limited has developed and patented a parallel resistance M.I. heating cable with a constant power output per unit length. A discussion covers long pipeline heating; installations requiring high mechanical strength; and inherent temperature safety. Record - 102 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255484 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011863
Going a step further Author: Decultieux F.; Verdier G. Corporate Source: Manoir Industries, France Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (70-73) (ISSN
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1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Nitrogen Compounds; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: In the petrochemical industry, there are limited applications where high temperatures are a real challenge for materials to withstand. Among those are four major businesses: ethylene production by means of steam cracking, production of ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen and synthesis gas by means of steam reforming. A discussion covers the first Manaurite XM tubes installed in both ethylene crackers and reformer furnaces in the very early 1980; modification of the composition of Man.XM to fit reformer tube applications; implications on tube manufacturing; benefits on the use of Manaurite XMR. Record - 103 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255483 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011862
10 steps to successfully choose monitoring and diagnostic technologies Author: Anderhub J. Corporate Source: Prognost Systems GMBH, Germany Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (67-69) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Engineering; Equipment, Materials and Utilities; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Experts worldwide agree that the only way to ensure safe, reliable, efficient, economical operation of reciprocating compressors is to monitor them continuously and take appropriate action based on the information the monitoring systems provide. The variety of instruments, systems and methodologies for machine monitoring and diagnostics can be perplexing. The steps to successfully select monitoring and diagnostic technologies are described. Record - 104 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved.
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0009255482
Seeing the light Author: Nissinen I. Corporate Source: Metso Automation Inc., Finland Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (64-66) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Engineering; Equipment, Materials and Utilities; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Field device condition monitoring is one tool that if applied correctly can reduce the day to day workload on maintenance and process specialists and facilitate better planning for the less frequent shutdowns of modern plants. A discussion covers reliability centered maintenance program that relies on a combination of reactive, preventive and predictive maintenance based on a prioritisation of equipment functions according to their effect on the operation of the plant; field device tool and device type manager technology; Metso's FieldCare, which indicates the condition of all devices by means of a color coded alert system and a series of selective alarms; installation of FieldCare at one refinery in Northern Europe, which became an integral part of maintenance procedures. Record - 105 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255481 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011860
Sulfur review 2011: WorleyParsons Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (62-63) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: WorleyParsons offers more than 10 sulfur recovery processes, and in conjunction with its technology partners ExxonMobil Research and Engineering for tail gas treatment, Linde/BOC for oxygen enrichment, KVT for sulfuric acid, and ITS ReactorTechnik GmbH for sub dewpoint
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processes. WorleyParsons full range of sulfur recovery requirements including the modified Claus process, sulfur degassing, tail gas treatment, oxygen enrichment, smelter gas cleaning, and SO SUB 2 control are presented. Record - 106 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255480 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011859
Sulfur review 2011: Thermo Fisher scientific Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (60) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Analyses and Tests; Fuel Oils; Motor Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Primary Products Abstract: Thermo Fisher Scientific has developed several easy and cost effective solutions in the realm of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) for the petroleum process. WDXRF can be used to analyze concentration from 0.1 ppm to 5% and has minimum sample preparation. These features make WDXRF ideal in process control during refinement or qualification of the final product whether it is refined gases, fuel oil, kerosene, gasoil, or residues. The Thermo Scientific ARL OPTIM'X sulfur analyzer is configured with two fixed monochromators for simultaneous analysis allowing detection limit of 1.4 ppm in the matter of seconds at a low cost. With the regulations in diesel becoming low and lower, single digit ppm detection limits may not be enough. The Thermo Scientific ARL ADVANT'X is the high power solution for these analytical needs. With virtually no sample preparation and only seconds for total analysis time, the ARL OPTIM'X and ARL ADVANT'X systems provide the speed and exceptional performance for measuring ultra low trace levels to high percentages of sulfur in a multitude of petroleum processes. Record - 107 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255479 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011858
Sulfur review 2011: Sulfur recovery engineering Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (59-60) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340
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CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: Sulfur Recovery Engineering (SRE) is an international engineering consulting company that specializes in the design, maintenance and operations of sulfur recovery units (SRU), as well as the testing and analysis of components found in process gas streams in oil refinery and gas processing operations. SRE's services provide customers with invaluable information regarding the materials and reactions taking place within their processes, and the subsequent impact on equipment and operations. This helps to optimize sulfur recovery, limit emissions, and prevent unscheduled or emergency plant shutdowns. Record - 108 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255478 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011857
Sulfur review 2011: Siirtec Nigi Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (56-57) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Health and Environment; Liquid Wastes; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: Siirtec Nigi offers innovative solutions to further reduce the environmental impact and improve the flexibility of operations. The two stage sour water stripper (TSSWS) treats wastewaters contaminated with NH SUB 3 and/or H SUB 2 S where pure NH SUB 3 is separated, in the low pressure distillation unit, for recovery or disposal. The company provides a full range of technologies, i.e., modified Claus for both rich and lean acid gases, with and without fuel gas support; and oxygen enrichment, which are mostly applied for increasing capacity in revamping of existing sulfur recovery unit in refinery. Record - 109 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255477 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011856
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Sulfur review 2011: Sandvik Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (56) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: Sandvik's Rotoform sulfur granulation technology has continued to meet the needs of the refining industry through a policy of constant technological improvement. The system is based on a single step solidification process with indirect cooling. Rotoform delivers a premium quality product, with high uniformity and stability and the ability to operate multiple process lines side by side delivers the flexibility to cope with varying throughput requirements and scheduled maintenance. The Rotoform system uses a release agent to ensure clean, easy removal of the sulfur pastilles at the discharge end, and improvements to this system, based on a new spray application, reduces consumption of the agent by as much as 30% but delivers enhanced production quality. Record - 110 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255476 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011855
Sulfur review 2011: Prosernat Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (55-56) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: ECOPETROL awarded PROSERNAT a contract in 2006 for the design, construction and supply of a modular CLAUSPOL(TM) unit to be installed in the Refinery of Barrancabermeja, Columbia, to treat the effluent of a Claus unit with a design capacity of 110 ton/day. In December 2010, this unit had been started up and tested successfully with a sulfur recovery yield of more than 99.7%, proving the efficiency of the CLAUSPOL(TM) process in the range of intermediate to high sulfur recovery yields. Over years the CLAUSPOL(TM) process had been continuously improved by research and development efforts from IFP Energies Nouvelles to stay one of the more attractive tail gas
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treatment processes for both refinery and gas field environments. Record - 111 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255475 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011854
Sulfur review 2011: Merichem Company Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (54-55) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Coal Conversion; Gasification; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Treating; Treatment Abstract: Merichem's LO-CAT(R) process can achieve extremely high H SUB 2 S removal efficiencies from various process gas streams (coal gasification, synthesis gas or amine acid gas, or any type of gas), with a wide range of inlet gas compositions, pressures, temperatures, and inlet H SUB 2 S levels. The LO-CAT process is the leading technology choice for relatively low volume sulfur recovery applications for multiple industries, including refining, oil and gas production, petrochemicals, and chemicals. Record - 112 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255474 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011853
Sulfur review 2011: Jacobs Comprimo(R) sulfur solutions Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (54) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Engineering; Equipment, Materials and Utilities; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: Jacobs offers an improved burner control system for sulfur recovery processes that experience rapid and frequent changes in feed gas
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composition. The ABC SUP + system significantly improves control response by introducing a feed gas analyzer and related calculating functions to adjust the air to feed gas ratio and determine the feed gas mole weight. Jacobs' portfolio has recently been expanded by new SUPERCLAUS and EUROCLAUS installations in China and the Middle East. Globally more than 230 installations are in design or operation. Jacob's LT-SCOT process offers considerable advantages, e.g., lower capital, operating, and maintenance cost, while at the same time improving reliability and robustness of the process. The combination of Jacobs SUPERCLAUS selective oxidation process and MECS' DynaWave wet gas scrubber technology is less costly to install, less expensive to operate and to maintain, requires a smaller footprint. Record - 113 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255473 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011852
Sulfur review 2011: Goar, Allison & Associates, Inc: An Air Products Company Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (53-54) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: Goar, Allison & Associates Inc (GAA) is recognized for its expertise in areas related to sulfur recovery and processing including gas treating, sour water strippers, sulfur recovery units (SRU), tail gas cleanup, and sulfur degassing. GAA's COPE(TM) SRU oxygen enrichment technology uses oxygen to greatly increase the sulfur processing capacity of existing or grassroots SRUs and allows low H SUB 2 S concentration acid gas feeds to be processed without split flow operation. The company's patented D'GAASS(TM) sulfur degasification process is based on a different principle than other commercial processes. It accomplishes the removal of H SUB 2 S and H SUB 2 S SUB x from liquid sulfur outside of the sulfur pit in a pressurized vertical vessel. Record - 114 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255472 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011851
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Sulfur review 2011: Fives-Pillard Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (52-53) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Engineering; Equipment, Materials and Utilities; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: Fives-Pillard has developed a full range of acid gas burners with axial and tangential high intensity burners to improve Claus conversion efficiency while firing rich acid gas and lean acid gas. Fives-Pillard also provides the full range of burners and combustion systems for SRU, firing acid gas, natural or fuel gas such as auxiliary, inline burners, tail gas incinerators etc; Darkscan(R) self checking flame detectors dedicated to acid gas flames with low UV radiation, and a full range of ignitors, i.e., high energy powerpack or gas/electric Packlight(R). Record - 115 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255471 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011850 Sulfur review 2011: Crystatech Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (50+52) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Natural Gas; Natural Gas Treating; Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: CrystaTech's CrystaSulf(R) liquid phase Claus process removes H SUB 2 S from any gas stream, including natural gas, refinery fuel gas, heavy oil, and high CO SUB 2 streams, and synthesis gas applications. Gas streams containing 0.1-100 ton/day of sulfur as H SUB 2 S can be economically treated. Using CrystaSulf, H2S is absorbed from gas streams and converted into elemental sulfur in a hydrocarbon solution. A commercial CrystaSulf unit has been successfully deployed at one of the largest natural gas plants in Europe, operating at 885 psig where the process removed H SUB 2 S to < than 0.2 ppmv. CrystaTech is currently working on a CrystaSulf unit for installation in Australia at the end of 2011. Record - 116
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Sulfur review 2011: Brimrock Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (50) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: Brimrock has developed two new sulfur processing technologies specifically designed for harsh sulfur environments. Brimrock's new sulfur remelting technology can process up to 35 ton/hr of pure formed sulfur or up to 25 ton/hr ph of contaminated (2% moisture and 5% contaminant) sulfur. Marketed as the SR850 and CSR750 remelters, both can be mounted on transportable skids and feature programmable logic control systems for easy and precise operation. Brimrock's RS1500(TM) is a new sulfur granulation process that uses a rotating drum technology typically seen in the fertilizer industry. The engineering has significantly simplified and streamlined the granulation process. Record - 117 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255469 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011848
Sulfur review 2011: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (50) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Petroleum Processing; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Treating Abstract: As the world's oil and gas supply continues to become more sour, the processing needs of sulfur recovery units (SRU) at refineries and gas processing plants has dramatically increased. Air Products offers a full range of oxygen enrichment technologies that provide capacity increases from 10% to over 100%. The company has developed three
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distinct technologies specifically designed for the level of oxygen enrichment deployed, i.e., low level enrichment, COPE phase I, and COPE phase II. Capital cost savings up to >= $100 million or more for large new refineries or gas processing facilities by reducing the number of SRU trains needed for base capacity and redundancy. Record - 118 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255468 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011847
Making a breakthrough Author: Eisenschmid T.; Peterson R.; Sutherland C.; Lipsitt B. Corporate Source: Dow Chemical Company, United States Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (38-40+42) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF No. of references: 3 Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: The recent breakthrough to the high selectivity LP Oxo SUP SM SELECTOR SUP SM technology is a leading process for the production of oxo alcohols from olefins. The patented technology advance increases selectivity to the target normal isomer resulting in higher conversion of raw materials to the desired product (n-butanol or 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) for example), while minimizing capital and production costs. A discussion covers the advantages of high selectivity oxo alcohols technology over conventional low pressure oxo alcohols technology; breakthrough in technology, referred to as LP Oxo SELECTOR 303 technology; track record of improvements; and benefits of the high selectivity technology for butanol, 2-EH, and 2-propylheptanol. Record - 119 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255467 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011846
Ethylene: Going global Author: Zinger S.; Stekla J. Corporate Source: CMAI, United States Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (33-34+36-37) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340
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CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Economics and Statistics; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: A discussion on the global ethylene market covers the current ethylene market situation; global ethylene demand growth; global ethylene trade; and the US ethylene view. Record - 120 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255466 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011845
The mid-way Author: Denis J. Corporate Source: Honeywell, United Kingdom Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (28-30+32) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Automotive; Automotive Gas Engine Fuels; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: The EU Measuring Instruments Directive (MID 2004/22/EC) has sought to create a single market in measuring instruments, for the benefit of both manufacturers and consumers, across Europe. As a consequence of this, enhanced accuracy and security is required for biofuel blending operations, to enable the automotive fuel marketing sector to meet these requirements and future proof their operations. A discussion covers the MID and some of the key issues that are created by the introduction of the latest MID regulations; and the developments that are being driven in biofuels blend control, to facilitate its successful implementation. Record - 121 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255465 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011844
India: A dynamic country Author: Yamaguchi N.
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Source: Hydrocarbon Engineering (United Kingdom) v16, n4, (12-14+16+18+20+22+24+26-27) (ISSN 1468-9340) (2011) Language: English ISSN: 1468-9340 CODEN: HYENF Journal Name: Hydrocarbon Engineering Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Crude Oils; Crudes; Economics and Statistics; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: India, although it is affected by events in the global economy, maintains high levels of economic activity and growth. Energy demand growth has been exceptionally strong. The The country has respectable reserves of coal, oil and natural gas, and recent finds and high prices have boosted output. India's proved oil reserves are 5.8 billion bbl, and owns 13.8% of Asia's total proved oil reserves. Indian natural gas reserves are estimated at 1.12 trillion cu m. There is a growing interest across India in clean fuels and alternative fuels, including biofuels. A discussion on India's energy markets covers how demand is being met, developments in the coal, natural gas, and oil sectors; refinery capacity, expansion, and throughput; and the growing interest in clean energy and renewable energy sources, e.g., ethanol and biodiesel.
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Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Optimization of the design and operation of an extractive distillation system for the production of fuel grade ethanol using glycerol as entrainer Author: Garcia-Herreros P.; Gomez J.M.; Gil I.D.; Rodriguez G. Corporate Source: Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18a-10, Bogota, Colombia; Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Avenida Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogota, Colombia Author email: jorgomez@uniandes.edu.co Source: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research (United States) v50, n7, (3977-3985) (ISSN 0888-5885) (ISSN 1520-5045) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0888-5885 eISSN: 1520-5045 CODEN: IECRE No. of references: 36 Journal Name: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1021/ie101845j Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Distillation; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Unit Operations Abstract: The extractive distillation of ethanol using glycerol as entrainer is studied in order to find its optimal design and operating conditions. The optimization is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The discrete variables determine the number of stages of the columns and their feed stage locations. The continuous variables include the variables of the equilibrium model and operating variables. The solution of the optimization problem is achieved through a two-level strategy that combines stochastic and deterministic algorithms. The result obtained establishes the process that maximizes an economic criterion for the industrial production of bioethanol satisfying the problem constraints. (c) 2011 American Chemical Society. Record - 123 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255425 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011804
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Optimization of water consumption in second generation bioethanol plants Author: Martin M.; Ahmetovic E.; Grossmann I.E. Corporate Source: Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author email: grossmann@cmu.edu Source: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research (United States) v50, n7, (3705-3721) (ISSN 0888-5885) (ISSN 1520-5045) (2011) Language: English Summary Language: English ISSN: 0888-5885 eISSN: 1520-5045 CODEN: IECRE No. of references: 85 Journal Name: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Article; Journal DOI: 10.1021/ie101175p Publication Date: April 6, 2011 (110406) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Chemical Products and Processes; Non-Fossil Fuels; Other Fuels; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: In this work we address the water consumption optimization of second generation bioethanol production plants from lignocellulosic switchgrass when using thermo-chemical, thermo-biochemical, or biochemical routes considering corn-based ethanol as a reference. To optimize the water consumption a three stage method is used. First, energy consumption is optimized in the production processes, which reduces the cooling needs of the processes and thus, the water losses by evaporation and drift in the cooling tower. Next, a number of technologies are considered to partially substitute the use of water as cooling agent. Finally, the optimal water networks for each of the ethanol production processes are designed by determining water consumption, reuse, and recycle and the required treatment using a superstructure optimization approach. The resulting water consumption ratios range from 1.5 to 3 gal/gal, which are in the range or even below the amount of water needed for gasoline production and with low or no water discharge depending on the process. Further reduction can be obtained by using air cooling and if the water released from the crop can be properly recovered and treated. Under these conditions the water consumption ratios range from 0.4 to 1.7 gal/gal and with no or low water discharge. (c) 2010 American Chemical Society. Record - 124 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255338 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011717
Market journal: Japan quake scrambles market Author: Fletcher S. Author email: samf@ogjonline.com Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 B, (33) (ISSN
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0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Crude Oils; Crudes; Economics and Statistics; Energy Sources; Motor Fuels; Nuclear; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes; Primary Products Abstract: A massive earthquake and tsunami hit Japan. The quake's epicenter was away from major cities, however, the disaster shut down at least five Japanese-owned refineries with a total capacity of 1.5 million bpd - about a third of Japan's total refining. A major fire at Cosmo Oil's 220,000-bpd Chiba refinery outside Tokyo continued burning over the weekend. This obviously will limit Japanese demand for crude imports. However, with the loss of refining capacity, demand for residual oil and diesel should increase. Some 9.7 Gw of nuclear power generation 30% of Japan's total nuclear power capacity and 7% of Japan's total power generation capacity - were shut down, with one plant at risk of meltdown. Record - 125 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255336 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011715
Watching government: Regulatory roadblocks' costs Author: Snow N. Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 B, (23) (ISSN 0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Crudes; Economics and Statistics; Energy Sources; Natural Gas; Natural Gas Comp., Prop., and Uses; Natural Gas, Natural Gasoline and LPG; Nuclear; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Petroleum Substitutes Abstract: On 3/10/2011, the US Chamber of Commerce issued a study that identifies 351 stalled energy projects that costs the US economy $1.1 trillion in gross domestic product and 1.9 million jobs yearly, which could be created during the projects' construction phases alone. The report did not include oil and gas beyond LNG terminals and gas utilities. However, its findings probably will seem all too familiar to oil and gas firms facing government regulatory delays. According to the study by TeleNomic Research, 45% of the delayed projects involved renewable energy. Cleaner energy projects are hitting the same
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roadblocks as gas, oil, nuclear, and coal. Record - 126 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255333 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011712
Watching the world: OPEC irks the speculators Author: Watkins E. Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 B, (20) (ISSN 0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Crude Oils; Crudes; Economics and Statistics; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: The OPEC has helped the world weather a number of crises over the years, but it continues to be mistrusted, if not outright maligned. Some OPEC countries have started looking at ways to divert their crude to Europe. Traders issued their doubts. While news that Saudi Arabia is increasing its crude output to more than 9 million bpd, helped ease concerns about short-term supply, the crude oil produced is not an exact substitute for Libyan's crude. Record - 127 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255329 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011708
Journally speaking: Variations in product supplied Author: Bell L. Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 B, (12) (ISSN 0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Motor Fuels; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Primary Products Abstract: Oil & Gas Journal highlights various vital industry statistics each week in the US Industry Scoreboard. Data are gathered primarily from the Energy Information Administration's Weekly Petroleum Status Report
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(WPSR). Those using the information from the WPSR must understand the week-to-week variations in the data and how that can affect the way markets react to this information. The weekly estimate of petroleum products is based on products that were supplied to the US markets, not an actual end-use consumption figure. EIA calculates the product supply estimate by the "net barrels made available to the economy from that week's production and imports, minus any change in that product's stock level from the prior week, and less a model-based estimate of exports of that product". Though product supplied is a good indicator for consumption, supply data can actually fluctuate more than consumption. Supply estimates for products can vary week to week due to transporting from primary storage to refineries, pipelines, and terminals. Timing also affects the weekly variations to the product supplied estimates. WPSR survey respondents are to account for their weekly activities each Friday by 7 A.M.EST. An example of this timing issue, involving delay of a vessel carrying gasoline, is presented. Record - 128 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255277 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011656
Market journal: War, disaster jolt oil markets Author: Fletcher S. Author email: samf@ogjonline.com Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 C, (31) (ISSN 0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Business Article; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Crude Oils; Crudes; Economics and Statistics; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Abstract: War and natural disaster rode roughshod over world oil markets in late March 2011 as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization enforced a no-fly zone in Libya while Japan struggled to regain control of its nuclear power plants and economy damaged by a massive earthquake and tsunami. NATO's action is "likely" to "prolong the strife" that has shut down 1.2 million bpd of Libya's 1.6-million bpd production capacity. Meanwhile, there will be an increasing focus on Yemen following the massive shootings. Yemen produces about 230,000 bpd of crude oil. About a third of it goes to China, none to Europe or the US. Record - 129 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255275 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011654
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Equipment/software/literature: Flame detectors now come with ATEX approval Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 C, (26) (ISSN 0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Analyses and Tests; Chemical Products and Processes; Health and Environment; Measurement Methods; Motor Fuels ; Oxygen Compounds; Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; Primary Products; Pure Hydrocarbons Abstract: Model 3600-L/LB UV/IR optical flame detectors from Sierra Monitor Corp monitor flames from gasoline, methane, heptanes, ethanol, and diesel fuel. Detectors sense the radiant energy of the flame in a short wave section of the UV and IR portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Signals from both sensors are analyzed for frequency, intensity, and duration. Record - 130 DIALOG(R) File 954:Ei EnCompassLit(TM) (c) 2011 Elsevier Eng. Info. Inc. All rights reserved. 0009255274 EnCompassLit Document No.: L2011011653
Equipment/software/literature: New noise attenuation option for type FL regulators Source: Oil and Gas Journal (United States) v109, n10 C, (26) (ISSN 0030-1388) (2011) Language: English eISSN: 0030-1388 CODEN: OIGJA Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal Record Type: Abstract; New Document Type: Note; Trade Journal Publication Date: March 21, 2011 (110321) Ei EnCompassLit Bulletin Headings: Air Pollution; Control; Health and Environment Abstract: Emerson Process Management?s new Tartarini Type SRII and SRS silencer options for Type FL regulators promise an efficient noise prevention solution for natural gas transmission or distribution installations. Types SRS and SRII silencer options are available for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6-in. (DN 25, 50, 80, 100, 150), as well as a new 8-in. (DN 200) size. Noise reduction of as much as 20 db(A) can be achieved, depending on the application. As a source treatment, the SRS and SRII silencers utilize multiple orifices of special size, shape, and spacing that help reduce noise-producing interactions and offers an alternative to path treatment or buried service.
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Process Engineering Current Awareness Report

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