A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS
Section A : Mechanics
1 Force. Work (as a measure of a. energy transfer). Power. Newtonian Mechanics. Conservation of linear momentum. transformations between potential energy and kinetic energy. Resolution of co-planar vector. Revision and consilidation of lower form work Year 1990 1991 Essay (1a)
Derviation of K.E. = 1/2 mv2

1992 Essay (1a)meaning

of 2nd and 3rd law

1993

1994

1995 Essay (1a)

Newton 's laws : rain drop, collision on wall, satellite.

1996

1997 1998 1999 Essay L.Qn (2a) L.Qn elastic energy (1a-c) error (1a) 3rd law,
estimation Essay (1b) Stopping distance

Projectile motion

a.

Independence of horizontal and vertical motions. Simple calculations. Terminal velocity (e.g. of a parachutist). Angular velocity w in rad/s. Linear velocity v = r w. Centripetal acceleration a = v2/r. Examples to include vehicles rounding bends (with or without banking), aircraft turning in flight, looping the loop, the centrifuge (qualitatively). Isochronous oscillation. Essay (1a) Essay (6)
Derivation of F = mv2 / r, conical pendulum, centrifuge passenger in a car over a hamp feels lighter

L.Qn (2)
linked with Efield between two parallel plates

L.Qn(1) table tennis

Essay (1a) Energy

of a ball which is projected horizontally

b. 3 Circular Motion a. b.

Essay (1a)
raindrop

Essay (1ac)
glass tube & rubber bung. centrifuge

Simple harmonic motion

a.

Essay (1)
definition

Essay (6a) Essay (6) L.Qn (1)

Essay(1a) L. Qn (7a) Ball L.Qn (1 a - c) Essay (b)

Dynamics of S.H.M.

b.

Acceleration a = -w2x, displacement x = a sin wt (or a cos wt) Period. Simple harmonic motion developed through analysis of uniform motion in a circle (rotating vector model). Applications to include the simple pendulum and loaded spring. Quantitative treatment of kinetic and potential energy.

simple pendulum, x(t), v(t), and a(t),

Definition of a S.H.M.

mass-spring mass-spring system(one box system(one trolley & one spring), with two spring), kinematics, Dynamics,

L.Qn (1a,c)

L.Qn (2b) Essay(1b)

Bearing on the cancave side of a cylindrical lens

c.

d.

measurement of gravity (g) by T= 2p (l / g)1/2 experiment graph of P.E. (t) and K.E. (t)

graph of T vs m

L.Qn (1)
load spring

L.Qn (1)
mass-spring system

Essay(1c)
pendulum

e.

P.E. (x) and K.E. (x), the effect on period if spring has mass

L.Qn (1b)

L.Qn(1b)

f.

Phase lead and phase lag through rotating vector model. Qualitative treatment only. Mechanical, acoustic and electrical examples. Link with experiments in other parts of the syllabus. Essay (3)
resonance in a.c. circuit and atom.

Essay(1b)

Resonance. Force vibration and damping

* Essay (6b)
mathematics for damping

damping

damping

L. Qn (7b) Forced
Oscillation

Application of the principle of conservation of linear momentum in one and two dimensions

a.

Distinction between elastic and inelastic collision. Principle of measuring inertial mass, e.g. using mx/my=DVy/DVx for explosive separation of two masses initially at rest. Equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. Examples of linear conservation to include recoil of rifles, collision of a particles with helium atoms. (analysis of cloud chamber photographs). Derivation of the formula for I in specific cases is not required, but the factors determining I should be understood. Essay (1b)
Definition of moment of inertia from K.E.

b.

c. d.

Essay (1b)
Derivation of linear momentum & conservation of K.E. in collision

Condition of equilibrium of a rigid body. Rotational motion of a rigid body about a fixed axis. Moment of inertia and its physical significance. Angular momentum and its conservation. Torque.

L.Qn (7)
meaning of I = mr2, torsional oscillation

Essay (1bd)Factors of
moment of inertia (I),

L.Qn (10)

The equation T = d (Iw) / d t and L = I w. Illustrations to include the motion of iceskaters, ballet dancers, acrobats, and the high divers (quanlitively).

Essay (1c)
Hollow and solid cylinders along an inclined plane

Iw= constant for a rotating body, hollow & solid cylinders along an inclined plane (greater speed?)

Mechanics

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F7/mock

Energy stored in a rotating rigid body.

Derivation of K.E. = I w2 / 2. Energy storage in flywheels. Use in motor vehicle engines.

Essay (1b, 1d)moment of

inertia of a flywheel

L.Qn(6) flywheel :
expt

Mechanics

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F7/mock

2000 L.Qn (2)

Newton's 2nd law : pulley with mass.

L.Qn (1)
Car taking off a ramp

Essay (1)

Mechanics

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F7/mock

Mechanics

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

Wkk99/F.7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS
Section B : Wave Motion
1 Wave Propagation. Nature of a. motions in longitudinal and traverse progressive waves. Relation between v, l and f. Velocity of propagation of mechanical waves along stretched strings or spring and in solid. b. Questions will not be set on the equation y = a sin (wt + kx), but an understanding of the variation of displacement with time (x constant) and with distance (t constant) in a progressive wave is expected. Factor affecting the speed of propagation. The expression v = (T/m)1/2 and (E / r)1/2 (Proof not required). Familiarity with ripple tank experiments is assumed from lower level work. Explanation of laws of reflection and refraction. a. Examples to include brief discussion of radar, sonar and long distance propagation of radio waves by reflection from the ionosphere. Phase change on reflection, illustrated from example, using a slinky spring. Refraction as a result of change in wave speeds. Refractive index in terms of speeds. L.Qn (3)
light through a glass sphere

Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 Essay (3a, Essay 3c) (2a) 1994 1995 L.Qn (3)
+ polarization

1996

1997

1998

1999 L. Qn (2a)
Longitudna l wave motion

2000

III (4)

L.Qn (3bi)

Wave phenonmena

Huygen 's principle

Essay (2a) L. Qn (9) L.Qn (2b) L.Qn (2b)

Reflection on a fixed surface
(longitudnal)

Essay (2a)

Reflection

b.

Refraction

Polarization

a.

Polarisation by selective absorption, reflection and scattering.

L.Qn (3)
selective absroption with antennas

L.Qn (6a)

Essay (3)
scattering and polariod sunglass

b.

Practical applications to include polaroid spectacles, VHF and UHF antennas (briefly). Mathematical treatment not required. (graphical treatment only)

Essay 2(b)
Spectacles

Superposition

Beats

Qualitative treatment. Use in tuning.

Essay(2b)

Essay 2(b)

Diffraction

Diffraction of light at apertures (simple qualitative treatment only). a. Two-source interference with quantitive treatment for maxima and minima.

Essay (3a) Essay (3a) L. Qn(6a) Eassy(2b, c) L.Qn (2b) Essay P36Interfer (2b) Young's
ence
double slit expt.

Interference

b c.

Condition for observable interference. Practical applications of interference to include the blooming of lenses and the testing of the flatness of a surface (very briefly). Quantitive treatment of interference effects at normal incidence in parallelsided and wedge-shaped thin films. L. Qn (9)

Essay (3b)

d.

L. Qn (8 a- c)

waves

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

Wkk99/F.7/mock

e.

Everyday examples to include the colours of oil film and soap bubbles. Newton 's ring (qualitatively) Plane transmission grating as an interference system. Use of the formula d sin q = n l. 1990 Essay (3c) III (1, 2, 5) L. Qn (8 d-f) L. Qn (6b) Essay (2a) Essay 2(b) L.Qn (9ab) Graph
Plotting

f. g.

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

h.

The electromagnetic spectrum

Proportionality between intensity and square of the amplitude (by analogy with harmonic oscillator and energy delivered by an alternating current). Energy distribution in interference patterns. Knowledge of approximate frequency and wavelength of all members of the spectrum and their common properties. Graphical treatment only

L. Qn (7b)

L.Qn (2a)

Stationary wave. Modes of vibrations of strings and air columns. Harmonics and the quality of sound.

Essay (3)

III (5 - 7)

L.Qn (7)
Measurement of sound speed in air by stationary wave methode with a microphone

L.Qn (3bii, iii)

Essay (2a)

Acoustic. Intensity and loudness. a. The decibel. b. c. d. e.

Pressure and displacement in sound wave. Frequency response of the ear. Relationship between intensity and loudness. Thresholds of hearing and pain. Noise pollution (very briefly). Typical noise levels in everyday life. Absorption of sound and sound proofing. Order of magnitude of speed of sound in solids, liquids and gases. Knowledge of (g/P)1/2 not required. Essay (3b)

Essay (2a)

Velocity of sound

Essay (2c)
Kundt's tube

L.Qn (2b)
Speed of Sound

Doppler effect

a.

Quantitative treatment for a stationary medium and movement along the source-observer line. Real life examples (police cars, ambulances, and radar speed traps, galaxy red shift indicating expanding universe, all treatment qualitatively). Quantitative understanding of how optical instruments work (using simple ray diagrams only). Magnifying power of magnifying glass, microscoope and refracting telescope considered as ratio of visual angles subtended by the image and the object (as obtained for simple ray diagram). Two-lens type only. Formation of image at least distance of distinct vision. Two-lens type only. Formation of image at infinty. Qualitative explanation of the functions of the collimator and the telescope using ray diagrams. Use in simple spectral analysis.

L. Qn (9)

L.Qn (2c)

L. Qn (6)
tracking station on the earth's surface

b.

Essay (2c)

L.Qn (3)
moving car and lorry & red shift

L.Qn (2c)
radar speed trap

Optical instrument

L. Qn (2)

Magnifying glass

Microscope

Refracting telescope

Essay(2)

Grating spectrometer

III (4)

l.Qn (6)

Essay (5a)
spectral analysis with collimator and telescope, adjustment.

waves

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS
Section C : Field, Electricity and Electromagnetism
Year 1990 1 Gravitational fields Inverse square law Newton 's law of gravitation for point mass and its extension to spherically symmetrical bodies (proof not required). Method of measuring the gravitational constant G is not required. g taken as force per unit mass. g of the Earth 's field, its relation with G, its variation with height above the Earth 's latitude (assuming the Earth to be a sphere of uniform density). Derivation of V = - GM / r considering the potential at infinity to be zero. Field strength g = - dV / dr. Velocity of escape and launching of satellites. Circular orbits (including ' parking orbit'). Weightlessness. Kepler 's law Derivation of r /T = constant from inverse square law. Mean orbit radii and revolution periods for the planets, and comparison with r3/T2.
3 2

1991 L. Qn (7)

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998 L.Qn (1)

1999

L. Qn (7) L. Qn (3)

Field strength g

Essay (1b) g-field

with earth's rotation

Gravitational potential V

L. Qn (9)
potential on earth's surface, speed of escape, kepler's 3rd law (graph)

L. Qn (7a)

Essay (1d) Essay (1c) Essay (1c)

Derivation of kelper 's third law, M dependent of the proportional constant

Electric Fields Electric field E

Analogy with gravitational field. Coulomb 's law. E considered as force per unit charge. Derivation of V = Q / 4peor, E = - dV / dr. Distribution of potential and equi-potential surfaces for charged conductors.

Essay (4a)

L.Qn (4a), (7)

L.Qn L.Qn (4b) (7bii) Essay(3b) L.Qn (7bi)

potenial variation across C

Electric potential V

L.Qn (4a)

Essay(3a) Essay(3c)f
lame probe

Storage of charge by capacitors

Introduction through a series of experiments with capacitors. a. Q = CV. The farad F (and the subunit mF and pF). C = eoA/d for a parallel plate capacitor. Series and parallel combinations of capacitors. Use of reed switch for measuring capacitance. Measurement of eo not required. Stray capacitance. Exponential rise and decay of charge with time. Time constant RC. Derivation of expressions Q = Qoet/RC

Essay (4bc)

L. Qn (4b) L. Qn (4a) L.Qn (6)

Q=CV, dielectric sheet inserted

Capacitance

b.

L.Qn (7biii)

c.

III (1, 2)

Essay (4a)
reed switch, I=Qf, Q = k A, Q = k' 1/d

Charging and discharge of capacitors

Essay (6) *(6d)

L.Qn (7a)

Essay (3a)

and Q = Qo(1 - e-t/RC) required.

Energy of a charge capacitor 4 Current electricity

Proof of E = 1/2 CV2 required. The general flow equation I = nAvQ and its applications as a simple model for electron conduction in a metal. Estimation of electron drift velocity in a metal. Distinction between drift velocity and speed of electrical Essay (5) Essay (3ab) Essay (3b)
electron model : heating effect

EM

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

Electromotive force

a.

e.m.f. of a source as the enrgy imparted by the source per unit charge passing through it. P.d. between two points as the energy converted from electrical energy to other forms per unit charge passing between the points outside the source. Year 1990

Essay (3a)

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Resistance, Ohm 's law. Resistivity. Variation of resistance with temperature.

The variation of current with applied p.d. in various conductors and circuit elements (metals, electrolytes, thermistors, diodes). Ohm 's law as a special case of resistance behaviour.

L.Qn (8a)
Measure resistance with real voltmeter and ammeter

Complete circuit and simple networks. Kirchhoff's law (Kirchhoff 's second law not required).

Potentiometer and applications

Rotary or slide-wire types may be used for practical work. The use of the rotart-type to provide a variable p.d. is essential. Principle of design and use of a mulitmeter for d.c. current, d.c. voltage and resistance measurement. Importance of movement sensitivity (i.e. current for full scale deflection.) L.Qn (4)
voltage measurement with voltmeter and CRO, multimeter.

Shunts and multipliers for electrical meters.

Electromagnetism. Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Mangetic field B.

Relative direction of force, field and current. B = F / IL introduced using a simpe current balance. The tesla (T) as 1 NA-1m-1. The generalized expression F = BIL sin q. F = BQv sin q

L.Qn (8)
current balance

Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field.

L.Qn (8)
circular accelerater

L.Qn 3

Hall effect

Derivation of the Hall effect VH = BI / nQt. Hall probe, current balance, search coil and CRO.

Essay (5ab)

Essay (4bc) current balance

Measurement of magnetic fields.

Magnetic fields around a long striaght line, and inside a long solenoid, carrying current.

B = moI / 2pr and B = moNI / l should be understood but derivation are not required. These relationships can be investigated experimentally.

Essay (4)

Definition of the ampere

Quantitative treatment of the force between currents in long straight parallel conductors. T = BANI sin f

Essay (4)

Torque on a rectanglar current carrying coil in a uniform magnetic field. Moving coil galvanometer.

L. Qn (10)

Essay (3c)

Principle of design and operation. Sensitivity. Ballistic form a. Induced e.m.f. resulting from (i) a moving conductor in a stationary mangetic field, and (ii) a stationary conductor in a charging field. Magnetic flux f. E = - df / dt. Interpretation of B as magnetic flux density. L. Qn (10) Essay (4a) L. Qn (10) L.Qn (4+K26) L.Qn(7) Essay(4a) Essay(3a)
metal loop moving in field

Electromagnetic induction

a coil drops across stationary B-field

b.

Essay (4a)

L.Qn (7)

Essay (5)

EM

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

Simple a.c. and d.c. generators. d.c. motor and back e.m.f.

Derivation of the alternating current e.m.f. induced in a rectangular coil rotating in a uniform mangetic field. Brief discussion of occurrence and practical uses. Derivation of Vs / Vp ~ Ns /Np. Energy losses. e = - L dI/dt. Derivation of energy stored in an inductor and analogy with charged capacitor. Implications for switch design.

Essay (4)

Essay (4) Essay(4b) Essay(4)

Practical qn d.c. generator on electricity supply in HK
d.c. motor, back e.m.f.

Eddy currents

Essay (5b) III (1-2, 56)

Transformer

Self-Induction

Year 1990 6 Alternating current r.m.s. and peak values. Relationship for sinusoidal a.c. derived from mean heating effect in a pure resistance. Rotating vector (phasor) model. Physical origin of phase difference. III (3-6) 1991 1992 1993 L. Qn (11b) 1994 L. Qn (8b) 1995 1996 L.Qn (5)
LR-circuit

1997

1998

1999 L. Qn (8a) O99

Sinusodial a.c. in pure R, C and L taken separately. Phase lead and phase lag. Reactance. Series combination of L, R and C. Impedance.

Essay Essay (5a) (4c) III (3-4, 5-6) *Essay (6c) L. Qn (11) L. Qn (11) Essay (4b)
K62

L. Qn (8a)

Derivation of XC = 1 / wC and X L = wL. Rotating vector model only. Resonance.

L. Qn (8a, 8b)

Power factor

Power absorbed in resistive component only and hence P = IV cos q from vector diagram. Instantaneous power and related derivation or calculations not Practical demonstration only (no theory required). Application in radio tuning circuit.

Resonance in parallel LC circuit.

Essay (5b)

L.Qn (6b)
tuning circuit

Electronics Diode

The diode as a uni-directional circuit element (internal mechanism not required). Half-wave and full-wave rectification. Brige rectifier and applications in a.c. measuring instruments. Full-wave rectifier with storage capacitor and inductor-capacitor smoothing. Qualitative treatment The transistor as a three terminal device, the properties of which can be deduced from measurements at its terminals. Knowledge of internal structure not required. Knowledge of internal mechanism not required. L. Qn (11) III (3)

Essay (4c)
rectifying of a.c. to d.c.

Power supplies

The NPN silicon bipolar junction transitor

L.Qn (5)

L.Qn (9)

Input, current transfer, collector, and input/output characteristics in the common emitter Current amplification factor b

Input/output graph

Determination from current transfer characteristic. Simple calculations involving base and collector currents, input and output voltages. a. Single NPN trasistor in the common emitter configuration. Simple biasing techniques. Derivation of voltage gain as ~ - b R L / RB. Essential characteristics of a common operational amplifier with inverting and non-inverting inputs. Voltage gain. Negative feedback, summing amplifier. L. Qn (10) L. Qn (11) L. Qn (10)

Simple calculations of IO current and base resistor

Linear voltage amplification

a.c. transfer and biasing

b.

Analogy systems, amplification and feedback using a common operational amplifier.

a.

L.Qn (9)
open-loop, voltage follower

L. Qn (4)
Inverting amp. & switch

EM

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

L. Qn (4) kkwan2000/F.7/mock Inverting

amp. & switch

b.

Simple applications; e.g. high impedance voltmeter, comparator as a switch.

EM

10

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

2000

L.Qn (8ai)
Orbital speed

L.Qn (6a) Efield drawing

Essay(4ai)
Meaning of capacitor label

L.Qn (3)
Experiment of RC decay

EM

11

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

2000

L.Qn (7a)
Magnetic field of two current carrying wires

L.Qn (7b)
Search coils

Essay (3b)
current balance

Essay (3c)

L.Qn (8)
Moving conductor in a B-field

Essay (5ai)
Lenz's law

EM

12

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

Essay (3a)

L.Qn (6) Selfinduction of a conaxial cable

Essay (4aii)
meaning of selfinduction

2000

Essay (4c)
Z(f) of LRC circuit

Essay (4b)
EM oscillation

L.Qn (10)
Inverting amp.

EM

13

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

EM

14

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS
Section D : Matter
1 Gases Ideal gases Macroscopic definition of an ideal gas a one which obeys Boyle 's law ( PV= constant) and for which PVa T where T defines temperature on the ideal gas scale. The equation of state PV = nRT when n = number of moles. Microscopic definition of an ideal gas. Assumptions of the kinetic model and derivation of PV = nmc2/ 3. Order of magnitude of c2. Distribution of molecular speeds (qualitatively). Avogadro 's law and the Avogadro constant. Interpretation of temperature for an ideal gas using mc2/2 = 3 RT / 2NA. Essay (2c)
constant volume gas thermometer, leads to concept of absolute zero.

Year 1990 1991 1992 * Essay (2b-c) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

L. Qn (9)
modified gas law, ideal gas law calculation

L. Qn (9)
Kinetic theory model, differences between gas model and ideal gas.

L.Qn (4a)
PVgraph,PV=n RT

A model for a gas: the kinetic theory. Use of model to provide a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic phenomena.

Essay (2a)
assumption for ideal gas in kinetic theory

PV= nmc2/3 calculation. r.m.s. speed from P against 1/v graph

Essay (2a)
Microscopic definition of an ideal gas. meaning of pressure.

Essay (3a)

Essay (1d)

L.Qn (4)
Inflating nonelastic balloon

Essay (2a)
K.E. of a molecule and temperature T.

L.Qn (4)

Real gases

Brief discussion of the departure of real gases from ideal behaviour at high pressure and low temperature. Brief qualitative treatment of critical points. Experimental detail not

Essay (2b)
Departure of real gases at high pressure and low temperature.

L.Qn (4b)
inter. force

L.Qn (8)

Essay (3a)

Solid Structures

Crystalline or amorphous structure (very briefly. Details of packing or of the theory and experimental details of x-ray diffraction not required). a. Stress-strain behaviour for metal and non-metals : brief qualitative descriptions of strength, stiffness, brittleness and ductility. Essay (2c)
stress-strain graph of copper, rubber and glass .strength, ductility and stiffness comparison.

Physical properties

Essay (3b)

L.Qn (9b)

stress- breaking stress, strength and strain graph for stiffness. glass and explanations.

b.

Young modulus defined as stress over strain. Typical orders of magnitude.

III (1-3)
Measurement of Young modulus with reference wire

L.Qn (2)
suspended rod with two diff. wires : Y and B.S.

c.

Energy stored in stretching (1/2 force x extension) and energy per unit volume (1/2 stress x strain). Derivation of model from observed resistance of solids to deformation (compression and extension). Representation as curves of force and potential energy against interatomic separation. F = - dV / dr. Brief mention of diverse origins of binding (bonding) energy (electrostatic, metallic, covalent). Essay (2b)
sketch F-r and V-r graphs with observed resistance of solid to deformation

A model for a solid

Essay (3a)
resistance of solids to deformation leads to E = kr

L.Qn (9a)
F-r graph, F = - dV/dr, binding energy

Essay (2a)
types of attractive force between atoms of materials

Use of the model to provide microscopic interpretations of macroscopic phenomena

Equilibrium spacing. Elasticity and Hooke 's law. Microscopic interpretation of Young modulus as E = k / r where r is the equilibrium spacing and k the force constant. Thermal expansion. * L. Qn (12) L.Qn (8)
Bernoulli 's principle with power input by a pump

L. Qn (9b)
E= -k/r

Fluids Fluids in motion, Bernoulli 's principle. Derivation of P + 1/2rv + rgh = constant.
2

* Essay (1) Essay (3c)

using Bernoulli 's principle

L.Qn (6)
horizontal tube, air-foil

Applications to include jets and nozzles (bunsen burner, filter pump, sprays, motor vehicle carburetors), spinning tennis or golf ball, aerosols (aircraft, yachts sailing into the wind). The Pitot-tube for measurement of fluid speed (quantitatively).

yacht and spinning ball,

L.Qn(1) spinnig ball

Matter

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

Heat and energy

a.

b.

Distinction between heat and internal energy. Consideration of all forms of energy on microscopic scale as kinetic or potential. Heat and work as measures of energy transferred from one form to another. The first law of thermodynamics DQ = DU + DW as an extension of the principle of conservation of energy to include heat.

Essay (2)
heat, internal energy and temperature.

Essay (4a)

L. Qn (8)
PV=nRT, P-V graph of heat processes| 1st law calculation.

L. Qn (8)
specific heat capacity, heat transfer and 1st law calculations

Essay (2c)
meaning of 1st law

L.Qn (4c) PV-graph

L.Qn (8)
T-V graph interpretation, P-V graph, 1st law of thermodynamic s

L.Qn(4bd) Essay (5ai)

1st law

Conservation of energy. Its transformation from one form to another. Degradation of other forms to thermal energy.

Illustrative examples from other parts of the syllabus. Coal and oil resources (e.g. nuclear, solar, tidal and wind-based). Principles of methods and relative conversion efficiencies (briefly).

Essay (3bc)degrad
ation, coalfired power station

Electrons Electron beams : production and properties. The electron-volt.

Thermionic emission. Deflection of electrons in electric and magnetic fields.

Essay (5)
use of electron beam in CRO.

Essay(5a) L. Qn (3)
thermionic emissiobn Deflection of proton in a magnetic field

Determination of e / m.

Thomson 's method using v = E / B for zero deflection, or any other method.

Essay (5c)
Experiment of measuring e/m ratio

The cathode ray oscilloscope

Functional description of the main units. Circuit details not required. Use as (i) an a.c. and d.c. voltmeter, (ii) for time and frequency measurement (iii) as a display device (including use of external X-input).

Essay (5) III (1-2)

d.c. deflection measurement of a.c. voltage and frequency

Essay (5)
structure & use as voltmeter

Extra-nuclear structure of the atom Evidence for energy level

a.

Ionization and excitation energies. Elastic and inelastic collisions of electrons with atoms. Principle of Franck-Hertz type experiments.

L. Qn (11)

Essay (5b)
concept of energy level and photon in H atom

b.

comments on graph, concept of discrete energy level

Essay (1b)
conservation of energy in experiment

L.Qn (10)

Evidence for light quanta. Photon.

The photoelectric effect. Einstein 's photoelectric equation. Uses of photoelectric cells.

L. Qn (12)
Photoelectric effect and equation, graph of V-f.

Essay (4)
photoelectric effect and equation, effect of higher intensity and frequency of input photons

L.Qn (9)
P.effect

Essay(5a)
photoelectric effect

Essay (2c)
Photoelectric effect & particlelike properties

Essay(5b)
evidence for light quanta, Einstein's equation

Emission and absorption spectra

a.

Line spectra of monatomic gases and explanation in terms of light quanta and energy levels.

III (3, 6)
emission spectrum from discharge tube & energy level transition

Essay (5b)
Emission vs Absorption spectrum, formation of absorption spectrum

Essay (2bc)
iodine absorption spectrum, sun spectrum

L.Qn (9cd)

b.

The hydrogen spectrum and interpretation in terms of energy level equation En = - 13.6 eV / n2. Bohr theory of the atom not required.

Essay(5c)

X-rays

a. b.

Production and properties. Maximum frequency for given tube potential.

L. Qn (5)
max. f from spectral curve, some calculation electron bombarding rate compare the production mechanism in the continuous and line spectrum

c.

X-ray spectra. Energy level interpretation of line spectra.

Essay (5c)
X-rays spectrum and explanations

Essay(5c)

d.

Uses in medicine, industry and crystallography (all briefly - no quantitative work is required). Sun 's spectrum and Fraunhofer lines. Band spectra not required.

Continuous spectra

Matter

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

Stimulated emission of radiation

Brief qualitative discussion of laser action. The uses of lasers.

Essay (3c)
Properties of laser, mechanism

Radioactivity Properties of a, b, g radiation

a.

Mass, charge, energy, relative ranges in air and other materials, relative ionizing power.

Essay (5a) Essay (1c)

distinguish between the three radiation with GM tube arrangement conservation of energy with energy spectrum of beta decay

L.Qn (10a)
penerating power

L. Qn (5a, 5b(i))
Smoke detector

b.

Familiarity with cloud chamber tracks assumed from lower level Structure and use of (a) an ionization chamber (b) one type of cloud chamber (c) the Geiger-muller counter (count-voltage characteristic and details of scaler not required). Suitability of these detectors for a, b, and g emissions.

Essay(5b)
He & apha

Detectors

Essay(5a)
working principle of cloud chamber

L.Qn (5)
Ionization Chamber

Random nature of decay

a. b.

dN/dt = -kN derived from analogy with dice decay. Interpretation of decay constant k as the constant chance of an atom decaying per unit time. Change of N and Z in radioactive decay (detail of radioactive series not required). N = No e-kt. Relationship between k and t1/2. Relevance of long half-lives to the disposal of radioactive waste and to radioactive fallout. Carbon-14 dating. Essay (5b)
Changes in nuclei during these decays

Essay(5b) L.Qn (10)

Natural nuclear transformations

L. Qn (12a)
series and halflife

Exponential law of decay. Half-life. The Becquerel.

L.Qn (10)
k = ln 2 / t1/2, decay equation

L.Qn (10bii) ln N
- d graph plotting

L. Qn (5b(ii)) Essay (4b)

Radiation hazards

a.

Sources of background radiation and typical radiation doses.

L. Qn (10)
difficulty in measurement because of background radiation

L.Qn (10bi)

b. c. Isotopes

Hazards due to open and sealed sources. Handling precautions. The uses of radioisotopes Essay (5c)
Choice of radiation in applications

Essay 4(b)

The nucleus The Rutherford model of the atom. a. The mass-energy relationship. The unified atomic mass unit (carbon scale). Binding energy. Energy release in fission and fusion.

Interpretation of equations representing nuclear reaction.

L. Qn (12)
Graph of binding energy, possibility of fission and fusion, energy released in fission, differences between decay and fission

L. Qn (12) Essay (5) L. Qn (10)

mass defect in fission, energy released. meaning of binding energy, graph of binding energy per nucleon , explanation of stability and the possibility of fission Advantage of fusion over fission in producing electricity Reasons for fusion not used Binding energy change between parent and daughter nuclide after radioactive decay

Essay (3c)
Rutherford's model

L.Qn (5)

L.Qn (5ci)
Mass Defect

Essay (5bii)
Binding energy per nucleon against nucleon no. graph.

b.

Nuclear power : advantages and disadvantages.

Essay (5bi)
Different between fission and radioactive decay.

c.

The principle of the fission reactor. Qualitative treatment of fission and the chain reaction, and the role of fuel, moderator, coolant and control, is expected.

chain reaction,

production of electricity from fission reactor

controllable process in reactor, uses of moderator and control rod

Essay (5ci)
chain reaction, function of controlled rod and moderater.

Matter

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

2001

L.Qn (10ac)
Two containers of gas with a tap in between

Matter

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

L.Qn (10b)

Essay (5c)
Condition for thermionic emission and the max. K.E. of electron

Essay (5a)

Essay (5c)
Condition of photoelectric effect and the max. K.E. of electron

Essay (5a)
Evidence of Energy level

Essay (5b)
Concept opf ground state, ionization potential, excitation by electron and photon, and spontantanous emission

Matter

A-level Physics

Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School

kkwan2000/F.7/mock

Essay (5c)
Condition ofelectron emission in radiactive decay and energy contents

Matter

Form 7 A-level Physics

Past M.C. distributions (1990 - 1995)

Wkk/F.7/mock

M.C. Distribution in A-level Physics

YEAR 1990 (1 - 7) *** * * * * 7 ( 15 - 26), *Q21 ** ** * ** *** * 11 (27 - 40), *Q41

1991 (1 - 9) *Q4 ***

1992 (1 - 4), (6 7), (50) ****

1993 (1 - 9), (50) **** *

1994 (1 - 10) ****** *

1995

1996 (1, 4-10), (45) **** * * ** * 9 (11-15), (17-20) ** * * * **

1997

1998

2001

Section A : Mechanics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. General question (error estimation, unit, etc.) Projectile motion Linear momentum Circular motion Simple harmonic motions Rotational motion

**** * ** ** * 10

***** * * ** * 10

**** * * *** * 10

Section B : Wave 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Wave propagation, EM spectrum and others. Wave phenonmena (reflection & refraction) Polarization Beats Interference and diffraction Acoustic Stationary wave Optical instrument

* *** * 8 (20 - 30)

* * ** ** ** ** * 7 10 10 (16 - 26) * Q19 (21 - 27) * Qn21 (14 - 21), (23) * * * * * * *

* ***

* **** ** ** ** 11 (31 - 41), (43)

** ** * * *** 10 (27 - 42)

*** * *

* * * ** ** * 8

Section C : Field, EM and Electronics

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Gravitational field & potential Electric field & potential Capacitor Current electricity Electromagnetism A.C. current Electronics (e.g. diode, transistor and op-amp)

* *** * ***** **** * 14 ( 8 - 14) * Q9, Q10, Q12 (41 50) * * * * *** **** * * 13 45 * ** *** **** * 12 (10 - 19), * Q13, Q16, Q19 (42), (44 - 50) * **** ** * ***** * * 15 46

Section D : Matter

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Gases Solids Fluid motion Heat and energy Electrons (e.g. CRO) Extra-nuclear structure of atoms Radioactivity The nucleus

** ** * ** * * 6 9 (10 - 12), (28 - (11), (24 - 25), 37), (39 - 42) (27 - 36), (39), (43) * *** * * ** *** ** * ** * *** * *** *** ** * *** *** **** ** *** 13 17 16 (8 - 15), * Q9, (13 - 20), * Q13, (12 - 13), (22), Q10, Q11 (43 Q14, Q20, (38), (26), (37 - 38), 49) * Q49 (43 - 49) (40 - 42), (44 45) *** ** * ** * * * * ** * * * * *** ** ** ** *** ** * * 11 13 10 41 46 45 0

*** * * 9

** 9 (2-3), (16), (21-35) ** ** ** ** **** ** **** 18 (36-44)

* **** **** **** ** ** 17

* * *** **** **** ** * 16

* * *** ** **** * * 13

** * * ** *** 9 45

** * ** ** * * 9 45

** ** * * * **** ** 13 45

** ** * * * *** *** * 14 45

M.C. Questions

21