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Zaborah Eunice Bobadilla Trixy Carreon, Nerissa Quenga, Bernadette Toledo

January 3, 2012

ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS I. Objectives To successfully isolate a compound using steam distillation and to determine the physical properties of hexane, limonene and benzene. II. Schematic Diagram ISOLATION OF LIMONENE
Prepare steam distillation set up. Cut citrus sample in small pieces collect amt to fill half of 500 mL round bottom flask steam distill mixture rapidly til there is 100 mL of distillate. + 3-5 mL satd NaCl soln to distillate and let it stand pipette out all limonene that will float dry mixture by + spatula full anhydrous Na2SO4 swirl.(*dry if no water and drying agent flows freely.) + more drying agent, if necessary to increase limonene yield.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS


Note physical state, color, solubility in water, and density compared to water of hexane, limonene and bezene.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS


A drop each of hexane, limonene, and benzene into sep micro test tubes +2drops tert-butyl chloride to each.Mix. Incline test tube & + a small crystal anhydrous AlCl3 near its mouth. Stopper the test tube allow soln to wet the crystal. observe color change of crystal. Repeat using the rest of the solns.

+ 2drops each of hexane, limonene, and benzene into sep micro test tubes + 1 drop 0.05 M Br2 in H2O in each test tube. Shake well and record.

+ 2drops each of hexane, limonene, and benzene into sep micro test tubes + 2 drops 0.005 M KMnO4 in each test tube. Shake well and record.

Ignite 5 drops each of hexane, limonene, and benzene in sep evap dishes in the hood observe character of the flame and record.

III. Table of Reagents/Products Reagent/Product Structure Physical Properties Hazards

n-hexane

Sodium Chloride

Benzene

Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)

tert-butyl chloride

Molecular Weight: 86.18 g/mol Appearance: Colorless liquid Odor: Light Odor Melting Point: -95 C Boiling Point: 69 C Density: 0.655 g/mL Solubility: Insoluble (Water) Molecular Weight: 58.44 g/mol Appearance: White crystals Odor: Odorless Melting Point: 801C Boiling Point: 1413 C Density: 2.165 g/cm3 Solubility: Miscible (Water) Molecular Weight: 78.11 g/mol Appearance: Colorlessliquid Odor: Sweet Melting Point 5.5C Boiling Point: 80C Density: 0.877 g/cm3 Solubility:1.8 g/1000 mL (Water) Molecular Weight: 142.04 g/mol Appearance: White efflorescent crystals Odor: Odorless Melting Point: 884 C Boiling Point: 1429 C Density: 2.664 g/cm3 Solubility:47.6 g/L (Water at 0 C), Insoluble (Ethanol) Molecular Weight: 92.57 g/mol Appearance: Colorless liquid Odor: N/A Melting Point: -26 C Boiling Point: 51 C Density: 0.847 g/cm3

May affect fertility. Respiratory irritant. Seriously health damaged such as CNS depression may occur as a result.

Very large doses may cause diarrhea and vomiting. May irritate damaged skin. Mild irritation to respiratory tract.

Mild irritation of eyes and skin. Harmful when absorbed by skin. Cancer hazard when inhaled. Headaches, dizziness and drowsiness may occur.

Mildly toxic by ingestion. No adverse effects on eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Skin, respiratory and eye irritant. Harmful upon inhalation.

Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)

Diatomic Bromine

Solubility: sparingly soluble in water, miscible in alcohol, ether. Molecular Weight: 241.43 g/mol Appearance: White crystallinepowder Odor: Odorless Melting Point 192.4 C Boiling Point: N/A Density: 2.48 g/cm3 Solubility:43.9 g/100 mL (0 C) Molecular Weight: 159.8 g/mol Appearance: Reddish brown liquid Odor: Pungent Melting Point: -7 C Boiling Point: 58 C Density: 2.70 g/cm3 Solubility: 4g/100mL (Water)

Respiratory, skin and eye irritant. Low single dose toxicity. Coughing and shortness of breath may occur.

Corrosive to the skin, respiratory tract and eyes. May induce skin discoloration and pain. Vomiting and abdominal spasms may occur. Chronic exposure leads to pneumonia, diarrhea, etc.

IV. Set-Ups

V. Waste Disposal Aqueous solutions should be diluted and poured safely into sink. Dispose drying agent in trash bin or dissolve with water and flush down the sink. Halogenated organic solvents are disposed in correctly-labeled jar.

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