Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COLLEGE OF NURSING
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Chapter 1
Introduction
120 and 140 mm Hg. Hypertension is noted with diastolic readings greater
than 90 mmHg and systolic readings greater than 140 mm Hg. One elevated
However, if the nurse assesses a high reading during then first blood
Persons with a family history of hypertension are not significant risk. Obesity,
hypertension. When clients are diagnosed with hypertension, the nurse helps
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to educate them about blood pressure values, long-term follow-up care and
therapy, the usual lack of symptoms (the fact that it may not be “felt”),
2003)
Caingin Sta. Rosa, Laguna based to the 2006 survey on the local health
center in the area, that’s the primary reason why the researchers have
the primary reason why the researchers have chosen the residents of
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between the Baranggay Caingin respondent level of awareness and their
Theoretical Framework
diastolic.
situation, so that when it recurs the act will also be likely to recur'.
escape from a puzzle box by pressing a lever inside the box. The cat learns
to associate pressing the lever (S) with the opening of the door (R).
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process. They also serve to remind teachers of the importance of motivation
in the preparation for learning and of the teacher's role in contributing towards
a learner's motivation.
are aware of the significance of the subject matter and providing them with an
Conceptual Framework
This study deals with the level of awareness and practices on the
attainment while the second box is the level of awareness of the respondents
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Figure 1:
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respondents of Barangay Caingin Sta. Rosa,Laguna?
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The study focused on the level of awareness and practices among the
reoccurrence of hypertension.
for they will learn the importance of blood pressure monitoring thus they
Midwives. The result of this study will guide the midwives regarding
the content of their health teachings, and to conduct proper monitoring of their
blood pressure among respondents of Caingin. This study may provide them
information regarding the level of awareness and practices that would guide
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Nurses. The result of this will give the nurses idea so that this will
hypertension. This study will help them to improve their knowledge, skills, and
Definition of Terms:
The following terms and concepts were used and defined within the
hypertension.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
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Chapter 2
These are materials taken from the studies like thesis, research
journals, books and other reading materials that are related to the research
being conducted.
the topic, which are about the Level of Awareness and Practices on the
Caingin. It also provides datas that are relevant to the research study.
Related Literature
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MANILA, Philippines—Wrong information can be misleading and can
late that they had been clinging on to myths, which gave them a false sense
of complacency. Many are lucky to survive with gentle warnings, but some
pay dearly for their myths and misconceptions with lifelong disability and
sometimes, sadly, with sudden death. Doctors from the Philippine Society of
regularly conduct lay forums which hopefully will correct many of these myths
blitz titled “Marunong ang nagtatanong!” The ads on radio, television and
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expensive campaign could not have pushed through without the generous
And the unspoken gratitude of every person whose life may have been
gratification, not in monetary currency, but something which goes with the
feeling that they have done their part without asking anything in return. To
John Dumpit and the other bosses at Therapharma and Unilab, may your
tribe increase.
audiences even in far-flung areas (usually pro bono) but nothing can be more
encouraging to see that at the end of these forums, the lay participants have
a clearer and more accurate picture of what can potentially maim them. With
complications.
Truth: Practically all hypertensive patients will not have any symptom in
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with damage to the vital organs such as the brain, heart and kidneys.
Symptoms associated with hypertension are also nonspecific and may be felt
Truth: This myth has led to many heart attacks and strokes in
Truth: Even labile elevation of the BP may require treatment. Once the
reaches 180/110 mmHg) and persists at this level for quite sometime, this
Anemic patients have low BP; it’s impossible for them to become
hypertensive.
Truth: Unless the anemia is due to acute massive blood loss, many
rate. Anemic patients due to chronic kidney disease might even be severely
hypertensive.
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If one has elevated cholesterol, one must also be hypertensive and
vice-versa.
same lifestyle risk factors, and may cluster together with diabetes and obesity
in a condition called metabolic syndrome, they don’t coexist all the time.
already low and women lose their inherent protection from these hormones,
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for colds and weight reduction are safe
ma huang have also been reported to increase the BP. Always check first with
always: Trust your doctor and “Marunong ang nagtatanong!” (Castillo, MD,
2008)
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MANILA, Philippines—Although medicines are needed by most
patients to control their blood pressure (BP), blood sugar or cholesterol levels,
the mainstay in the treatment of these risk factors is still strict compliance in
practicing simple lifestyle changes. “Lifestyle changes can help prevent high
BP, or control it in those who already have established hypertension,” says Dr.
140/90 mmHg. “In high-risk patients with diabetes, previous heart attack or
stroke, chronic kidney disease and multiple risk factors, the BP should be
ideally less than 130/80 mmHg,” Dr. Morales advises. Lifestyle changes are
especially important for people who have risk factors that cannot be
“There’s nothing that can be done about these non modifiable risk factors
but one can influence his other risk factors to prevent hypertension and
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According to health experts, lifestyle changes include:
• Reducing sodium in the diet to about 2.3 grams a day, which is about
one teaspoon of salt (Salt in cooking is allowed but not table sources of
• Exercising that raises the heart rate for at least 30 minutes a day on
most, preferably all days of the week (such as brisk walking, jogging,
• Limiting alcoholic drinks to at most two drinks a day for men, and one
secondhand smoking.
relaxation techniques.
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• Regular deep, slow breathing. (Having regular sessions of deep slow
pursed lips with rate of less than 10 breaths per minute can help lower
BP).
College of Medicine, has coined the acronym SEX-HDL for healthy lifestyle
approach such that the elders in the family inculcate this healthy lifestyle.
(Abarquez, 2008)
president of the Foundation for Lay Education on Heart Diseases Inc., said
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an elusive goal for many hypertensives. Achieving normal BP levels is crucial
acute heart failure and kidney failure. Bellosillo cited as some contributing
pressure goes up for a number of reasons, and there are two factors that
peripheral resistance and the cardiac output (the output of the heart every
cardiac output and peripheral resistance. “If one or both is increased, this can
increase your blood pressure, but the question is: by the bedside or at the
the right side of the heart with the tip of the catheter positioned at the main
Bellosillo said this process was expensive, would require special setups and
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failed to educate our hypertensive patients because the most commonly
heard word in the physician’s office is ‘Next! Next! Next!’ “We do not take the
time to sit with our patients and educate them about hypertension, the
were prescribed “once a day.” “What time of the day? There are 24 hours a
day and we know very well that when hypertension is being attacked, it must
important because you know that when you’re treating hypertension, you are
only treating your patient to control the elevation of blood pressure to avoid
serious complications such as stroke, heart failure and heart attack. ”Lack of
involvement of patient in the treatment plan. Most of this Bellosillo said, is the
fault of the physician as “we do not educate (the patients). Lack of patient’s
education on the side effects. Bellosillo pointed out that many of these
medicines have side effects and that physicians failed to educate the patients
of these. Not knowing the side effects could cause panic among patient
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The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is rich in
fruits, vegetables, and low-fat products and may have a BP-lowering effect
Participants were randomized to either a control diet or the DASH diet. Within
each group, each participant was rotated through three sodium intake levels
When compared with the control diet, the DASH diet resulted in a
significant lower SBP at every sodium level and a significantly lower DBP at
the high and intermediate sodium levels. The combination of the DASH diet in
a low-sodium intake (as compared with the control diet and high-sodium
intake) led to reduction in SBP that was 7.1 mmHg lower in participants
authors conclude that both the DASH diet and a reduction in sodium intake to
2001)\
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Consuming dark chocolate, which is rich in flavanols, has been
however, that the dark chocolate used in this study had a higher flavanol
content that commercially available chocolate. They also urged caution when
Elderly persons have the highest rate of hypertension, yet data for
current rates 9of hypertension treatment, control, and risks among individuals
older than 80 years are sparse. Lloyd-Jones and colleagues examined these
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factors among older patients with hypertension using community-based data
from the Framingham Heart Study. A total of 5,296 participants were pooled
into three age groups: younger than 60 years, 60 to 80 years older. With
increasing blood pressure stage did not decline, and absolute risks increased
events occurred in 9.5% of the normal blood pressure group, 19.8% of the pre
pressure control are low, particularly in older women. Data from this study
suggest that individuals 80 years or older may derive the most benefit from
associated with hypertension are substantial, the investigators call for greater
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some key Ca2+ cycling proteins. Exercise training in hypertension improves
Know your blood pressure. Hypertension is a silent killer. You may feel
no symptoms yet the body is slowly being destroyed by high blood pressure.
borderline or elevated (i.e. 140/90 mmHg and above) see your doctor. So
together you can make a plan to bring your blood pressure under control.
develop high blood pressure. You will also feel good knowing that you are
protected from hypertension. Among the healthy lifestyle you should consider
are as follows: regular exercise, watching your weight, keeping stress under
control, avoiding salty and fatty foods, avoiding too much caffeine, limiting
despite undergoing a healthy lifestyle, your doctor will now prescribed a drug
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to combat your high blood pressure. Medications can safely and effectively
BP is the action of blood forcing itself against the interior walls of the
blood vessels of our body. And now does high blood pressure or hypertension
come about? When the normal flow of blood is being made difficult by
something, then someone's blood pressure becomes high. Most often that
happens when blood vessels become too narrow. This condition makes the
heart pump harder – in away doing a hard labor – to push the blood through
high BP a potential candidate for heart diseases, stroke, eye problems and
kidney diseases.
one with an underlying disease like diabetes, the ideal should be below
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These factors are prevalent among adult Filipinos, many doctors will
Pain or numbness in the nape area, headaches and getting dizzy often
could not necessarily mean that you are hypertensive. As a matter of fact,
people who have high blood pressure often do not present with any
You may be going through your daily routines without even knowing
that your blood pressure is always is already way above ideal. The best way
130/80. For me, the ideal BP for adults should be maintained at less than or
lifestyle.
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ideal weight by reducing caloric intake and exercising regularly can also help
Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. Most people
associate high blood pressure with getting older, so it may seem odd that
teens can have the condition. Although high blood pressure is rare in young
it's important to check for it. Even babies can have high blood pressure! Most
hormonal disorders, abnormalities of the aorta (the main artery that carries
Doctors screen teens with high blood pressure for secondary causes with
physical examination and laboratory testing. Some teens may inherit the
tendency toward higher blood pressure from one or both parents. Although
hypertension often runs in families, some people with a strong family history
of high blood pressure may never develop it. Kids and teens who are obese
become overweight and increases the chance of high blood pressure. People
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who drink a lot of alcohol or take illegal drugs like amphetamines and cocaine
are also at risk of developing the condition. In some cases, medications like
cause. Regardless of what causes high blood pressure, the important thing is
to keep it under control. People who manage their high blood pressure with a
treatment program lower their risk of having serious complications as they get
loss and dietary changes. If you've been diagnosed with hypertension, you
and your doctor will work as a team to decide on the best course of action for
you. Your doctor will most likely recommend that you make lifestyle changes
such as eating less fat and salt, avoiding alcohol and cigarettes, and making
COLLEGE OF NURSING
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Exercise is an important treatment for hypertension. Only people with
with severe hypertension avoid certain sports only until their hypertension is
under control. Sports on the "avoid" list include weight lifting and
focus on building muscle mass but do not balance it with aerobic activity.
developing high blood pressure and help keep you healthy in many other
ways:
helps keep your heart and blood vessels strong and healthy.
• Eat a healthy diet that includes mostly whole grains, low-fat dairy
• Don't smoke. Smoking and high blood pressure are major risk factors
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• Keep your stress levels in check. It may help to practice relaxation
• Decrease your sodium (salt) intake. Consuming less sodium has been
proven to help lower blood pressure in some people and may prevent
some from developing high blood pressure in the first place. Salt is
foods.
• Avoid drinking too much alcohol, which is associated with high blood
pressure.
(Gidding MD,2008)
lowers cholesterol levels and blood pressure in men with high cholesterol
levels. Their experiment involved 41 men aged 32 to 68 years who had total
the start of the study. After a four-week baseline period half the men were
given nine aged garlic capsules (Wakunaga of America) daily. Each capsule
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contained 800 mg of aged garlic extract. The capsules were taken three at a
time with meals for a six-month period. The other half of the men were given
a placebo. At the end of the six- month period the supplementation was
changed so that the former garlic group was given the placebo and the
placebo group was given the aged garlic extract for an additional period of
four months. Cholesterol levels and blood pressure were measured monthly.
researchers also noted a 5.5 per cent decrease in systolic blood pressure and
Related Studies
blood pressure, but exercise is still one of the best remedies around. A single
workout can reduce blood pressure for an entire day, and regular exercise
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What’s more, low to moderate intensity training appears to be as
exercise and high blood pressure, reviewers concluded that exercise training
exercises for improving overall health and reducing the risk of subsequent
Consuming less salt can not only lower blood pressure, but may
reduce the risk of heart disease overall, researchers reported. They found
that people with borderline-high blood pressure who reduced their sodium
25 percent. And this lower risk lasted for 10 to 15 years. Dr. Nancy Cook and
Boston studied more than 3,000 people who took part of a low-salt diet and its
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Those who are assigned to a low-salt diet had a low risk of all various
online version of the British Medical Journal. They were also 20 percent less
likely to have died than people assigned to a normal diet. “Our study provides
and should dispel any residual concern that sodium reduction might be
harmful,” they wrote. Salt intake clearly linked to high blood pressure and the
National Heart, Lung and Blood institute, which paid for the study,
adults – one in three – have unacceptability high blood pressure, above levels
contain far more than 2,300 mg daily recommended by the NHLBI and
experts groups. Cook’s team said salt might affect artery and heart health by
ways that go beyond blood pressure. Sodium may make blood vessels less
able to expand and contract and may toughen heart cells, they said.
(Reuters, 2007)
For years, doctors had been taught in medical school that blood
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hypertension in older people was acceptable. There was even a rough
guideline that normal blood pressure was 100 plus a person’s age.
fatally flawed. In a study of 3,845 people over the age of 80 treating high
failure.
The benefit was so pronounced that researchers stopped the trial early
because it was considered unethical not to offer the treatment to the placebo
group. “This really dispels that myth (not to treat hypertension in older
people),” said Daniel Jones, dean of the school of medicine at the University
should change the way many doctors approach in treating high blood
pressure in people in their 70’s and 80’s. The study’s findings were presented
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at the American College of Cardiology annual meeting and published online in
the New England Journal of Medicine. Treating high blood pressure in older
was associated with decreased deaths in people over 80. But rigorous clinical
trials often had too few people had that age to be conclusive. In addition,
reducing blood pressure too much to older people can lead to side effects
such as dizziness and falling. The matter is further complicated by the fact
that many older people cannot afford to take the one or two blood pressure
Affairs Medical Center. “When you stack five or six prescription drugs, they
can run into serious cost of issues,” said Denson, an assistant professor of
However, the new study shows there is a clear benefit to treating high blood
diseases in the past decade are the angiotensin receptors blockers (ARB)
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and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE). These two classes of
drugs, initially used for high blood pressure, are now also being used to
combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial) trial program is the world’s
(ARBs). Over 29,000 patients will be enrolled in the trial. Boehinger Ingelheim
is the main sponsor of the trial. This major trial is compromised of two parallel
with the ACE inhibitor ramipril, on stroke, heart attack, cardiovascular death
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the effect of telmisartan compared to placebo (Dummy Pills) in patients
guidelines used to treat hypertension and will help physicians and patients
2004).
Adults who carry most of their excess weight around the middle may
Moreover, even young men and women who were abdominally obese at the
start of the study, or who became so over time, were more likely to be
diagnosed with high blood pressure the findings appear in the American
greater risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes than those whose extra
pounds dwell largely on the hips and thighs. Studies have also suggested that
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general obesity raises the risk of high blood pressure, or hypertension. But it
hasn’t been clear whether abdominal obesity, per se, can cause hypertension,
Dr. ChenHuan Chen, the study’s senior author, told Reuters Health. This
study may be the first to “clearly show” that abdominal obesity predicts future
For their study, Chen and his colleagues followed 2,377 men and
women age 30 up for10 years, during which time one quarter developed high
blood pressure. Those with large waistlines at the outset had a higher risk
obese during the study period. Even in a group of healthy adult’s ages 30 to
43 years, the researchers found that those whose waistlines expanded also
saw their blood pressure increase. Abdominal obesity often exist as part of
risks, and it’s not fully clear which problem might cause the others. But the
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current findings support the theory that abdominal obesity is the “true culprit”
that spurs the development of insulin resistance, and then other components
waist sizes used to define metabolic syndrome are 35 inches or more for
diet and hypertension (high blood pressure). The study involved over 30,000
blood pressure for the men was 125.5 mm at age 40-44 and 133.7 mm at age
unchanged with age. During four years of follow-up 1248 of the men
than 250 mg per day of magnesium had a 50% greater chance of developing
hypertension than had men who consumed 400 mg/day or more. Similarly, an
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intake of less than 2.4 g/day of potassium increased the risk of hypertension
The most striking effect was found in the case of dietary fiber where an
higher intake of dietary fiber, magnesium, and potassium was also found to
be associated with lower blood pressure in healthy men. The results of this
study confirm the findings of an earlier study involving 58,000 nurses. The
authors point out that although diet is important in preventing hypertension; its
effect is over shadowed by the risk imposed by obesity and excessive alcohol
their blood have lower blood pressures than do people with little vitamin C.
containing ascorbic acid. Among their findings: plasma ascorbic acid levels
were 11% higher in supplement users than in non-users; both diastolic and
plasma level of vitamin C than in people having a low level. Blood levels of
selenium, vitamin A and vitamin E were not found to affect blood pressure, but
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both obesity and smoking had a significant adverse effect. (Moran, March
2005)
conclude that the effect of sodium intake on blood pressure is still not clear. It
may be that only a subset of people with a genetic defect are sensitive to salt
intake. The chloride ion in itself does not seem to increase blood pressure,
individuals.
calcium intake of 800 mg/day or more have a 23 per cent lower risk of
developing high blood pressure than women with an intake of 400 mg/day or
less. The benefits of calcium are even greater among pregnant women.
Controlled trials have found that women who consume between 1500 - 2000
maternal calcium intake directly affects the infant's blood pressure. Women
with a high calcium intake gave birth to babies with higher birth weights and
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lower blood pressures. This lower pressure persisted throughout at least the
first five years of life. The effect of potassium on blood pressure is still being
actively investigated. One trial found that a 50 per cent increase in potassium
from natural foods lowered blood pressure and dramatically reduced the need
and ischemic heart disease. It has been proposed that supplementation with
about 900 mg/day of magnesium, about 2.5 times the RDA, is required in
(Reuters, April 2007) consuming less salt can not only lower blood
pressure, but may reduce the risk of heart disease overall, researchers
prevent cardiovascular disease and should dispel any residual concern that
(Denson, April 2008) for years, doctors had been taught in medical
school that blood pressure naturally increased with age and that a certain
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(Woolston, 2007) Researchers have spent decades developing new
treatments for high blood pressure, but exercise is still one of the best
remedies around. A single workout can reduce blood pressure for an entire
day, and regular exercise can keep the pressure down for the long run.
weight around the middle may be at particular risk of high blood pressure,
that those whose waistlines expanded over the years showed a similar
increase in blood pressure. Research shown that “apple shaped” people are
at greater risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes than those whose extra
pounds dwell largely on the hips and thighs. Studies have also suggested that
The studies presented above are relevant to the present study. It has
almost same issues involving the level of awareness and practices on the
significant person. Almost all of the individuals entailed in the above studies
has made the same confessions and perceptions on the level of awareness
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themselves and how the situation they underwent change the perspective
A past interview was made written with some of the other hypertensive
and they ended up giving out the same perceptions of that of the respondents
Chapter 3
questions raised.
Research Design
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interest factually and accurately. This kind of research method is used for
hypertension.
Sources of Data
source of data were the respondent’s profile, their level of awareness and
Based from the 2006 survey of the Rural Health Unit of Barangay
Caingin Sta. Rosa, Laguna, there were only seventy- seven individuals who
were hypertensive. But during the “Oplan Bantay - Presyon” conducted last
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researchers have taken all identified hypertensive resident as their
respondent since they qualified under the criteria of hypertensive client having
a blood pressure of 140 and above systolic and 90 and above diastolic were
taken as respondent.
Sampling Technique
qualified to the criteria. The respondents who have a blood pressure of 140
checklist which is consisted of three parts. Part I elicit of personal data of the
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prevention of hypertension. Part III consists of questions to determine the
clinical instructors who were expert in the field of nursing. Suggestion and
Permission to conduct the study was secured from the Barangay Chairman,
and then the researcher obtained a list of individuals who are hypertensive
from the midwife assigned in the health center. After obtaining the address of
The options to the items of the questionnaire that were in the Likert
assigned points.
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1.Level of Awareness on Prevention of Hypertension
1 1 – 1.50 Never
Statistical Treatment
data gathered.
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1. Frequency and percentage
This tool is used to describe the profile of the respondents who has
hypertension.
Where: P= percentage
F= number of responses
2. Weighted Mean
hypertension.
WM= ∑fx
∑f
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∑fx = the summation of the product of the frequency and
the
weights
3. Ranking
After the weighted mean was computed, they were given the correct
consolidated.
4. Pearson r
assumptions for the used of the formula exists, then a Pearson r is solved by
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r = nΣ xy-(Σx)(Σy)__________
√ [n (Σ x2)-(Σ x2)][n (Σ y2)- (Σy2)]
Where: x = predictor
∑ = Summation
For the relation using the r, the following descriptive were used:
Pearson r Interpretation
1.0 Perfect Relationship
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0.01- 0.19 Very Weak Relationship
5. t-test
by the formula:
__________
t= r √_n – 2______
______
√1–r2
n = sample size
Chapter 4
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The dates collected are presented in tables that give a visual representation
Table 1
Age:
61 and above 8 26.67
51 to 60 4 13.33
41 to 50 6 20.00
31 to 40 9 30.00
21 to 30 3 10.00
TOTAL 30 100
Educational
Attainment:
College 4 13.33
High School 14 46.67
Elementary 12 40.00
TOTAL 30 100
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bracket of 31-40 years old (9) with a total of 30 percent, followed by the age
Then 20 percent belongs to the age bracket of 41-50 years old (6),
next is the age bracket of 51-60 years old (4) with a total percentage of 13.33
and 21- 30 age bracket (3) with a 10 percent of the total population.
with percentage of 40.00, then 13.33 percent only were College Graduate.
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Table 2
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hypertension so I have to
watch my weight.
7. I have to refrain from 4.03 Aware 6
too much alcohol intake
because it may elevate my
blood pressure.
8. BP monitoring is one 4.13 Aware 4
of the preventive measures
for developing
hypertension.
9. Intake of maintenance 4.13 Aware 4
drug is important to regulate
normal blood pressure.
10. I try to relax whenever I 4.47 Aware 1
am tired or under stress.
Average Weighted mean 4.00 Aware
As shown in table 2, respondents are aware that they need to relax
whenever they feel dizzy and having nape pain, as shown by the weighted
mean of 4.47 and 4.17 respectively. The respondents are also aware that
mean of 4.13. Respondents also know that too much alcohol intake,
consuming food high in salt and cholesterol, obesity, smoking and having a
family history are the risk factors of hypertension with a weighted mean of
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Table 3
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6. I prefer to eat 4.10 Often 2
vegetables and fruit than
meat.
7. I drink alcohol 2.63 Sometimes 10
moderately.
8. I subject myself for 3.13 Sometimes 9
blood pressure monitoring
at least 2-3 times a week.
9. I regularly take my 3.27 Sometimes 6
maintenance drug.
10. I do some diversional 4.03 Often 3
activities like reading
newspaper, listening to
music and watching
television whenever I face
with stressful situation.
Average weighted mean 3.46 Sometimes
they feel dizzy and having nape pain, with the weighted mean of 4.17. The
respondents prefer to eat vegetables and fruit rather than meat, with the
activities like reading, listening to music and watching television when they
are in stressful situation and sometimes avoiding foods with high content of
salt and cholesterol as shown by the weighted mean of 4.03 and 3.47.
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absolutely avoid smoking as shown by the weighted mean of 3.33, 3.27 and
taking rest whenever they feel dizzy and having nuchial pain.
Table 4
prevention of Hypertension
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Educational 0.11 Very weak 0.59 Not significant
relationship
attainment
0.05 level of significance
Critical t Value = 2.048
As shown in table 4, for the relationship between age and the level of
value of 1.66 which is lower than the critical t value of 2.048 at 0.05 level of
significance shows that there no significant relationship between age and the
practices on the prevention of hypertension. This means that the level of the
between age and the practices on the prevention of hypertension. This means
of educational attainment.
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Table 5
Hypertension
As shown in table 5, for the relationship between age and the practices
which is lower than the critical t value of 2.048 at 0.05 level of significance
shows that there no significant relationship between age and the practices on
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which is interpreted as very weak relationship. A computed t value of 0.81
which is lower than the critical t value of 2.048 at 0.05 level of significance
shows that there no significant relationship between age and the practices on
Table 6
Relationship between Level of Awareness and Practices in Preventing
Hypertension
Indicator Pearson r Interpretatio Compute Interpretation
Value n d t Value
Level of
Awareness Weak Not
and 0.22 relationship 1.17 significant
Practices on
the
Prevention
of
Hypertensio
n
0.05 level of significance
Critical t value = 2.048
1.17 was obtained which is lower than the critical t value of 2.048 at 0.05
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level of significance. This means that level of awareness is independent on
Chapter 5
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This chapter summarizes the study, findings, conclusion and purpose
recommendations.
1.1 Age
1.2 Educational Attainment
2. What is the level of awareness of the selected respondents of Barangay
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4. Is there a significant relationship between demographic profile and level of
Summary of findings
problem.
1.1 Age
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Majority of the respondents belonged to the age bracket of 31-40 years
old (9) with a total of 30%, followed by the age bracket of 61 and above (8)
with a total of percentage of 26.67%. Then 20% belongs to the age bracket of
41-50 years old (6), next is the age bracket of 51-60 years old (4) with a total
percentage of 13.33% and 21- 30 age bracket (3) with a 10% of the total
population
Sta. Rosa, Laguna showed that they were aware that they need to relax
whenever they feel tired and under stress, much of the fact that exercise,
blood pressure monitoring and intake of maintenance drugs are important and
one of the preventive measure to prevent hypertension. Last in the rank with
a weighted mean of 3.53, the respondents were aware that having a family
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3. In terms of practices, in the prevention of hypertension, it showed that the
mean of 3.46. Highest in the rank with a weighted mean of 4.17, the
respondents sometimes take rest whenever they were felt dizziness and
having nape pain and last in the rank with a weighted mean of 2.63, the
the level of awareness on the prevention of hypertension. This means that the
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Conclusion
1. Most of the respondents are in the middle young-aged, and who attained
2. Respondents who participated in the study were aware regarding the ways
on how to prevent hypertension but they do not strictly practice the necessary
preventions.
when they already feel the symptoms. They would rather spend their money
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4. Profile such as age and educational attainment is not a contributing factor
6. Respondents are aware about their health condition but they do not strictly
Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study the researchers recommend the following
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3. Likewise, it is important to emphasize to them that “Prevention is better
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
579- 592
Edition
B. Journals/ Periodicals
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Fahey, T. et al. Interventions use to Improve Control of Blood Pressure in
CDO05182
2005
pp. 1475-84
Moran, John P., et al. Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations relate inversely
pressure regulation. Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 52, No. 11, November 2007,
pp. 367-75
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Steiner, Manfred, et al. A double-blind crossover study in moderately
C. Thesis
D. Internet or Website
www.controlhypertension.org/literature
www.bop.gov/news/PDFs/hypertension.pdf
www.current-report.com/article
www.jhypertension.com
http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/heart/hypertension.html
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APPENDICES
A. Demographic Profile
Please Check or fill in the blank the answer that describes you.
BP: _______________
Age:
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________ 21-30 years old
Educational Background:
5 – Much aware
4 – Aware
3 – Moderately aware
2 – Less aware
1 – Not aware
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A. Level of Awareness on the 5 4 3 2 1
Prevention of Hypertension
1. Hypertension is hereditary so it
needs to take necessary precaution.
2. I need to seek medical
consultation immediately whenever I
feel dizzy or having nape pain.
3. Exercise is one of the preventive
measures to maintain blood pressure
at normal level.
4. Smoking is one of the factors that
contribute of having high blood
pressure.
5. I avoid too much salt and
cholesterol in my diet
6. Obesity is one of the risk factors
of having hypertension so I have to
watch my weight.
7. I have to refrain from too much
alcohol intake because it may elevate
my blood pressure.
8. BP monitoring is one of the
preventive measures for developing
hypertension.
9. Intake of maintenance drug is
important to regulate normal blood
pressure
10. I try to relax whenever I am tired
or under stress.
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5 – Always
4 – Often
3 – Sometimes
2 – Seldom
1 – Never
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B. Practices on the Prevention of 5 4 3 2 1
Hypertension
1. I usually see my doctor regularly to
check any tendency of hypertension.
2. I take rest whenever I feel dizzy and
having nape pain.
3. I exercise regularly every morning.
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5-Lubos na kaalaman
4-Sapat na kaalaman
3-katamtamang kaalaman
2-May kaunting nalalaman
1-Walang alam
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A. Kaalaman ng pagiwas sa hypertension. 5 4 3 2 1
1. Ang hypertension ay isang uri ng sakit na
namamana at kailangan nito ang karagdagang
pag-iingat upang maiwasan ito.
2. Ang mga sintomas katulad ng palagiang
pagkahilo at pagsakit ng batok ay nangangailangan
ng agarang konsultasyon sa doctor.
3. Ang ehersisyo ay isang paraan upang makaiwas
sa sakit na hypertension.
4.Ang paninigarilyo ay isa sa dahilan ng pagtaas ng
presyon.
5. Kumakain ng mga pagkaing hindi maalat, at
mataas sa kolesterol.
6. Ang pagiging overweight ay isa sa mga dahilan
sa pagkakaroon ng pagtaas ng presyon ng duso
kaya sinisigurado ko na nasa tama ang aking
timbang.
7. Kailangan iwasan ang sobrang paginom ng alak
dahil sa ito ay sanhi ng pagtaas ng presyon
8. Ang regular na pagkuha ng ating presyon isang
paraan upang makaiwas sa hypertension
9. Ang pag-inom ko ng gamut na nireseta sakin ng
aking doctor ay makakatulong upang mapanatili ko
ang normal na presyon ng aking dugo.
10. Nagpapahinga ako tuwing nakakaramdam ng
pagkapagod at sobrang stress.
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5-Palagiang ginagawa
4-Kadalasang ginagawa
3-Paminsan minsang ginagawa
2-Madalang na ginagawa
1-Hindi kailanman ginagawa
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B. Paraan sa pag-iwas ng mataas na presyon. 5 4 3 2 1
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CURRICULUM VITAE
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
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E-mail Address: annadanica_staclara@yahoo.com
Cellphone no.: 0917 - 6604783
Educational Background: