IEEE PES Thailand Handouts Pages 1-10

Security & Sustainability of Supply
Benefits of Power Electronics Understanding HVDC and FACTS
Power Transmission Division

2 06-2008 26.06.2008 E T PS
Energy Sector
IEEE PES Presentation Overview

1. Introduction
2. Global Trends on Power Markets 3. Security and Sustainability of Power Supply 4. Power Quality or Low-Cost Energy ? 5. Trends in AC & DC Transmission, EHV & UHV 6. Transmission Solutions with HVDC and FACTS 7. Basics of FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems 8. Basics of HVDC High-Voltage Direct Current 9. Voltage Source Converter for Transmission and Special Grids Basics & Applications 10. Power Electronics for Distribution & Industrial Systems 11. Efficiency of Power Supply
26.06.2008
E T PS
1.
I ntroduction
4 26.06.2008 E T PS
CO2 Reduction Green Energy Megacities Security of Supply

Electrical Energy of our Society
is the Backbone
today and in Future
26.06.2008
E T PS
Example of China: Its Development is breathtaking

Financial District Pudong, Shanghai
26.06.2008
E T PS
Conclusions of IPCC: CO2 Increase due to human
Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation

Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Air
400 CO2 Concentration (ppmv) 350
The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO2
300
250
A crucial Global Issue: to achieve CO2 Reduction
200
Ice Age
0
7
Thousands of Years ago

Wrm / Weichsel Ri / Saale Mindel/ Elster
100
E T PS
200
300
400
Sources: Siemens PTD TI / Wikipedia 2006; IPCC 2007

26.06.2008
2.
G lobal Trends
on Power Markets
8 26.06.2008 E T PS Power Transmission Division
The Situation on Electric Power Markets Increasing Demand for Power Generation from 3,620 GW in 2000 to 8,800 GW in 2030 Strong Environmental Constraints Limitation on Power Plant Expansions Natural Energy Resources far away from the Load Centers Severe Right-of-Way Constraints
A strong Issue in many Countries, especially in Europe
Power Generation: The Global Tendency Increase in Power Generation Capacity

Installed Capacity in Gigawatt
Regionally
8,800
14% 7%
By Energy Sources
8,800 Western Europe Eastern Europe / CIS
8%
Nuclear Gas Oil Coal

Other Renewables
26% 5%
44%
Asia / Pacific 3,620 2,835

29% 10% 22% 14% 30% 2% 22% 14% 18%
3,620 2,835
21% 16% 20% 37% 19% 13% 27% 6% 7% 34% 29% 9%
Africa / Middle East Americas
12% 17% 15% 32% 1% 23%
Hydro
1990
2000
2030
1990
2000
2030
Source: Siemens Energy, PG GS4 - 2008

Eco-friendly Power Generation, such as Wind Energy, is gaining in Significance; however, fossil-based Applications keep on growing as well
Power Generation in TWh
2.5% p.a.
Others
35,000
Other Renewables Hydro
Solar Others Geothermal Biomass
Nuclear
1% 8% 7%
Geothermal
15%1% 32%
Wind Biomass
19,000
Gas Oil 50% Coal
Wind
34%
52%
Renewables
(excl. Hydro)
Renewables
(excl. Hydro)
by 2006: 460 TWh (2% of the total Amount)

11 26.06.2008
2006
2030
by 2030: 2,700 TWh (8% of the total Amount)

Source: Siemens Energy, PG GS4 - 2008

E T PS
Development of Power Systems

Extensions of Interconnected Systems Increased Power Exchange among the Interconnected Systems Transmission of large Power Blocks over long Distances (Hydro, Wind * and Solar Energy) Renewable Energy Resources at favorable Locations
12
26.06.2008
E T PS
Regenerative Energy Sources and Dispersed Generation Impact on the whole T&D Grid Structure
G G G G G
G H
G G G H
Load Flow will be fuzzy

13
Use of Dispersed Generation 04-2008 26.06.2008 E T PS MT/Re PS
Wind Power Generation during a Week of maximum Load in the E.ON Grid Example of Germany
Source: E.ON - 2003
This will be a big Issue both in the German Grid Development and worldwide
14
Problems with Wind Power Generation o Wind Generation varies strongly o It can not follow the Load Requirements 26.06.2008 E T PS
Additional Reserve Capacity is required

The best Solution: Integration of HVDC Transmission into a synchronous AC System Long-term: 30 - 50 GW
Share in installed wind energy of 12,223 MW
Share in installed Wind Energy of
12,223 MW
Vattenfall Europe Transmission
E. ON Netz: E. ON Netz: 48 % Vattenfall Europe Transmission: Vattenfall Europe Transmission: 37 % RWE Net: 14 % RWE Transportnetz Strom: EnBW Transportnetze: 1% EnBW Transportnetze: Source: E.ON - 2003
48 % 37 % 14 % 1%
very fast
2006: 20 GW !
Benefits of this Solution: o Load Sharing o Generation Reserve Sharing
15
15
Installed Generation Capacity: 120 GWPower Transmission Division (2006) 26.06.2008 E T PS
Getting more Power out of the Grid
and
Development of AC Transmission
Reasonable Line Lengths:
1,000 kV: over 2,000 km 800 kV: up to 1,500 km 500 kV: up to 1,000 km **
However, some Countries will finally go 1 MV *
800 kV as realistic Standard
The Initial Statement Initial
**
17
Source: Siemens E D SEEPTI - 2004 26.06.2008 T PS
Development of DC Transmission: Worldwide installed Capacity

Worldwide installed HVDC Capacity: 55 GW in 2005 This is 1.4 % of the Worldwide installed Generation Capacity
Additional 48 GW are expected from China alone by 2020 !
Sources: IEEE T&D Committee 2000 -Cigre WG B4-04 2003

Network Configurations for Long-Distance Transmission the AC and DC Options
Subs.
Subs.
Subs.
HVDC Long-Distance Transmission

Long-Distance AC Transmission
Point-to-Point Connection
AC Transmission through interconnected Power Systems

Benefits of Hybrid System Interconnections
System 1
System 2 a) AC Interconnection: many Lines from the Beginning, for Stability Reasons b) DC Interconnection: 1 Link sufficient for stable Interconnection c) Hybrid AC/DC Interconnection: The flexible synchronous Solution
20
26.06.2008
E T PS
Benefits of Hybrid System Interconnections
System instable
System stable
DC supports AC for Stability

10

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Security & Sustainability of Supply

Benefits of Power Electronics Understanding HVDC and FACTS

Power Transmission Division

IEEE PES Presentation Overview

Power Transmission Division

CO2 Reduction Green Energy Megacities Security of Supply

Electrical Energy of our Society

today and in Future

Power Transmission Division

Example of China: Its Development is breathtaking

Power Transmission Division

Conclusions of IPCC: CO2 Increase due to human

Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation

The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO2

A crucial Global Issue: to achieve CO2 Reduction

Thousands of Years ago

Sources: Siemens PTD TI / Wikipedia 2006; IPCC 2007

Power Generation: The Global Tendency Increase in Power Generation Capacity

Nuclear Gas Oil Coal

Asia / Pacific 3,620 2,835

Africa / Middle East Americas

12% 17% 15% 32% 1% 23%

Source: Siemens Energy, PG GS4 - 2008

by 2006: 460 TWh (2% of the total Amount)

by 2030: 2,700 TWh (8% of the total Amount)

Source: Siemens Energy, PG GS4 - 2008

Development of Power Systems

Power Transmission Division

Load Flow will be fuzzy

Use of Dispersed Generation 04-2008 26.06.2008 E T PS MT/Re PS

Power Transmission Division

Additional Reserve Capacity is required

Share in installed Wind Energy of

Vattenfall Europe Transmission

Benefits of this Solution: o Load Sharing o Generation Reserve Sharing

Installed Generation Capacity: 120 GWPower Transmission Division (2006) 26.06.2008 E T PS

Getting more Power out of the Grid

800 kV as realistic Standard

The Initial Statement Initial

Source: Siemens E D SEEPTI - 2004 26.06.2008 T PS

Power Transmission Division

Development of DC Transmission: Worldwide installed Capacity

Additional 48 GW are expected from China alone by 2020 !

Sources: IEEE T&D Committee 2000 -Cigre WG B4-04 2003

Network Configurations for Long-Distance Transmission the AC and DC Options

HVDC Long-Distance Transmission

AC Transmission through interconnected Power Systems

Benefits of Hybrid System Interconnections

Power Transmission Division

Benefits of Hybrid System Interconnections

DC supports AC for Stability

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