Ámbito Comunicación. Inglés

CEPA E.
Tierno Galvn
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Mdulo III- ESPAD
Mdulo III ESPAD

mbito de la Comunicacin
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CEPA E. Tierno Galvn
INGLS
Mdulo III- ESPAD
Bloque 7. Tema 1:LONDON
NDICE
1. London 2. Repaso del Presente Simple y Presente Continuo 2.1.Repaso del Presente Simple 2.2.Repaso del Presente Continuo 2.3.Cundo utilizar Presente Simple y Presente Continuo 3. Los adjetivos y pronombres demostrativos 4. Descripcin de un lugar 5. Autoevaluaciones 6. Tareas
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1. LONDON
Life in the City is wonderful; there are shows, cinemas, theatres, museums (there are hundreds of places to visit), there is anything you think of in a big city like London.
People in the city are wonderful, they are wherever you go and everyone seems to do whatever they like. That is the spirit of a city: freedom. London is the land of opportunities, in every sense; there are a lot of job offers (from waiters or receptionists to corporation managers). There are people from all around the world in London; some are there on holidays, and some go there to live. London is a huge city, it is in the South of England and it is the biggest city in the UK. It usually rains a lot in winter but in summer the weather is nice and warm. The City Centre is the most wonderful place, people go there only to have a walk along the streets and look at the shop windows.
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2. Repaso del Presente Simple y Presente Continuo

PRESENT SIMPLE: Forma Affirmativa: I live in Alcazar You like beer We play tennis on Sundays They earn a lot of money
He works in a factory Mary (she) types a lot of letters every day Mr. Benjamin (he) smokes a pipe The cat (he/she/it) eats a lot of meat Reglas de formacin de la 3 persona del singular: La mayora de los verbos forma la 3 persona del singular aadiendo s a la forma base del verbo (infinitivo sin la partcula to) To walk -> he walks To run -> it runs To sing -> she sings Otras formas: a. Verbos terminados en s o sonido parecido a s (sh, ch, ss, x, z) y verbos terminados en o aaden -es
Kiss: he kisses his wife when he gets home Wash: she washes her hair twice a week Box: he boxes in an old gym Watch: she watches the children while they play Fizz: Coke fizzes
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Go: he goes home at half past three p.m. Do: What does he do?
b.- verbos terminados en consonante + y -> ies
Carry > carries: the porter carries the cases at the station Hurry> hurries: he hurries when he's late for work
Verbos terminados en vocal + y siguen la regla general
Play > plays: he plays the guitar quite well Say > says: "what is it, sir? says the waiter Pay> pays: the firm pays the employees at the end of each month
Negativa: do not (dont) // does not (doesnt) I don't drink beer with meals She doesn't go to her parents' for the weekends Utilizamos do not (dont) como auxilar de la negative en todas las personas excepto la 3 del singular: I live in Alcazar-> I dont live in Alczar. You like beer-> You dont like beer We play tennis on Sundays-> we dont play tennis They earn a lot of money-> they dont earn a lot of money Utilizamos does not (doesnt) como auxiliar de la negativa en la 3 persona del singular. El verbo principal va en infinitivo (sin la S de 3 p.): He works in a factory-> he doesnt work in a factory Mary types a lot of letters every day-> Mary doesnt type a lot of letters Mr. Benjamin smokes a pipe-> Mr. Benjamin doesnt smoke a pipe The cat eats a lot of meat-> The cat doesnt eat a lot of meat
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He kisses his wife when he gets home-> He doesnt kiss his wife when Interrogativa: Yes/no questions // short answers Do you know my brother Paul? Yes, I do /No, I dont Do they work together? Yes, they do / No, they dont
Does she come here every day? Yes, she does / No, she doesnt Does Peter know Jane? Yes, he does / No, he doesnt
Do you wash your hair twice a week? Do they box in the gym? Do we have an exam tomorrow?
Does Mary watch films on TV? Does Bob finish work at half past three p.m.? Does Mr. Smith go home for lunch?
Short answers: Yes, I / You / We / They do No, I / you / we / they dont
Yes, he / she / it does No, he / she / it doesnt Preguntas con Who o What como sujeto Somebody takes Jack to school-> Who takes Jack to school? His mother (does) Somebody reads a lot of comics -> Who reads a lot of comics? The girls (do) Something freezes at 0 C -> What freezes at O C? Water (does) Something makes us warm -> What makes us warm? The sun (does)
Preguntas en las que el interrogativo no es sujeto:
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I study English -> What do you study? English They finish school at one oclock-> When do they finish school // What time do they finish school? She visits her grandmother every Friday-> Who does she visit every Friday? She lives in Seville-> Where does she live? USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE Verdades generales o universales Water boils at 100 C The Earth goes round the sun Dogs eat meat People need food and drink Hbitos, costumbres, rutinas, gustos, preferencias,
I get up at seven. Mary usually has a shower in the morning. I don't smoke but I drink a lot of tea They don't like sports but they enjoy the open air She likes rock n roll You hate spiders
Permanente frente a temporal Mr. and Mrs. Smith live in Bristol // Im living with some friends until I find a flat I work in a factory // You are working very hard today.
Futuro: Eventos sometidos a un horario o un programa preestablecidos Theres a train to London every hour. The next one leaves at 15.40 We take a bus in Liverpool at 6.30, change at Oxford at 9.30 and arrive in London at 11 o'clock.
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I've got a new job. I start next Monday We have an exam in two hours I go into the army on the first of the next month We meet again at Christmas, as usual
FRECUENCY ADVERBS: (ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA) always, generally, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, never I always eat in a restaurant They usually go to bed late She often comes here in the evening We sometimes go to the cinema together He seldom visits his grandparents I never go out on Friday nights POSICIN EN LA ORACIN Delante del verbo
I usually go out with friends in the evening She always goes shopping on Saturdays They sometimes play football after school We seldom go to the theatre You usually have a big breakfast
Do you often go to the cinema? Do they usually dance at the weekends? Detrs del verbo to be (ser o estar)
I am always at home at lunchtime Arthur is usually late for work
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Cuando hay dos verbos, lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el principal
I have never been to New York They have always lived in a flat near my house She will always love you I don't usually see him She doesn't often wear pretty dresses Ever: at any time / alguna vez Do you ever go fishing? Does she ever come here? Have you ever been abroad? ADVERBS OF TIME (ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO) Once an hour / a day / a week / a month / a year Twice Three times Four times... She phones her boyfriend once a day I go to the dentist twice a year I have a bath once a month We usually eat three times a day In the morning / afternoon / evening / at night We go to work in the morning, come back home in the afternoon, read and listen to music in the evening and sleep at night Hours, days, dates, months, seasons of the year, years... I usually get up at half past eight She drives to work on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, but he catches a bus on Tuesdays and Thursdays
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I'm going on holiday in August Schools close in summer It usually snows in winter
1.- PRESENT SIMPLE.- EXERCISES 1.- Write the he/she/it forms
Catch push buy
come read carry
drink run enjoy
fix smoke fry
Live wish study try
miss write go
2.- Circle the correct answer
1 We / my friend always wear old clothes 2 You / John always wears nice clothes 3 We all / the boss thinks youre wonderful 4 I / Catherine want a new job 5 Bread / books costs a lot 6 Andy / Andy and Pete sings very well 7 Mary / Mary and Ian like parties 8 You / she drive too fast 9 Our cat / our cats never catches mice
3.- Complete the sentences with the correct forms of verbs in the boxes Ask get up go make play speak
1 Peter always ________ late on Saturdays 2 Ann and John sometimes _________ tennis at weekends 3 My mother often ___________ French at home 4 Small children ____________ questions all the time 5 Sarah _________ to Oxford to see her mother twice a week 6 I __________ more mistakes in English when Im tired
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Say
sit
try
wash
watch
1 Andy always ________ his clothes on Saturdays 2 That child never _________ Thank you 3 He _________ in the same chair every evening 4 She _________ to go skiing every year 5 My father ____________ TV most evenings 4.- A. Make yes / no questions.- 4.b. Make questions about the underlined words 1 The boys smoke 2 Ann teaches French 3 The Oxford bus stops here 4 The teachers know her 5 You play the piano 6 John works in a restaurant 7 This train stops at York 8 We need more eggs 9 Mary likes parties 10 Peter speaks Spanish well 5.- Make questions Example: The President and his wife live in Madrid -> Where do the President and his wife live? 1 Peter and Anns children play football on Saturdays -> When .. 2 The film starts at 8.00 -> What time 3 The second word means kind -> What . 4 The man in the flat downstairs wants to change his job -> Why .. 5 A ticket for the concert costs 15 -> How much . 6.- Make negative sentences Example: I play chess (cards) I dont play cards 1 Bill plays the piano very well (guitar)
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2 We agree about most things (holidays) 3 Alan and John live near me (George and Andrew) 4 My father writes novels (poetry) 5 Barbara works in London (live) 7.- Complete negative sentences using words from the box fish in Britain much petrol your phone number much tennis on Sundays Russian
1 My car / use: My car doesnt use much petrol 2 Our cat / like 3 Ann /speak 4 I / remember 5 Oranges / grow 6 The postman / come 7 We / play 7.- Read Paul's answers to the questions. Write sentences about Paul with often/never etc. Do you ever play tennis? Do you get up early? Are you ever late for work? Do you ever get angry? Do you ever go swimming? Are you at home in the evenings? Yes, often. Yes, always. No, never. Sometimes. Rarely. Yes, usually. Paul often plays tennis He
8.- Write these sentences with never/always/usually etc. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. My brother speaks to me. (never) - My brother never speaks to me. Susan is polite, (always) I finish work at 5 o'clock, (usually) I go to bed before midnight, (rarely) The bus isn't late, (usually) I don't eat fish, (often)
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7. 8. 9.
I can remember his name, (never) I will forget what you said, (never) Have you lost your passport? (ever)
10. Do you work in the same place? (still) 11. They stay in the same hotel, (always) 12. Jane doesn't work on Saturdays, (usually) 13. What do you have for breakfast? (usually)
PRESENTE CONTINUO: FORMA: presente de 'to be' + - ing form

PARTICIPIO DE PRESENTE (FORMA -ING) El Participio de presente, o forma ing, se forma aadiendo la terminacin -ING al infinitivo del verbo sin la partcula to que lo identifica a. Infinitivo + ing walk -> walking speak -> speaking dream -> dreaming eat -> eating drink -> drinking sleep -> sleeping c.- verbos formados por consonante vocal consonante, doblan la consonante final hit -> hitting run -> running stop -> stopping c.2.- No doblan la consonante final los verbos que tienen dos vocales eat -> eating rain -> raining beat -> beating d. En ingles britnico la l final precedida de una sola vocal, se dobla siempre b.- e muda desaparece smoke -> smoking phone -> phoning come -> coming b.2.- si la e no es muda, se mantiene agree -> agreeing see -> seeing No se doblan las consonantes finales Y W X Playing carrying showing mixing
e.- Doblan la consonante final los verbos de ms de una slaba, cuando el acento recae sobre la ltima slaba y sta est formada
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propel-> propelling control -> controlling travel -> travelling cancel -> cancelling
por C-V-C begin -> beginning prefer -> preferring admit -> admitting happen -> happening enter -> entering listen -> listening g.- La y final no sufre modificaciones al aadir ing Play -> playing Enjoy -> enjoying Study-> studying fly -> flying
f.- Los verbos acabados en e muda precedida de i cambian la i por y lie -> lying die -> dying tie -> tying
PRESENTE CONTINUO: Se forma con el presente de to be + forma ing AFIRMATIVA I am speaking to you You are listening to me We are looking at the blackboard The birds are singing Two girls are sitting under a tree They are listening to the radio The sun is shining in the sky Arthur is looking at the girls Mr. Steele is sitting near them He is reading a newspaper
NEGATIVA: Negamos el verbo auxilar: am not (m not) / is not (isnt) / are not (arent) I'm not smoking You are not talking We aren't drinking Bruce isn't lying on the beach Arthurs not watching TV INTERROGATIVA Yes / no questions: Am I wasting my time? Is Bruce driving a car? The boys aren't playing football Mary isn't drinking a cup of tea Arthur and Mary aren't driving into the country
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Are you listening to me? Is Arthur watching TV? Is Mary sitting next to Bruce? Short answers Yes, I am Yes, he / she / it is Yes, we / you / they are Wh - subject questions
Are they going into the country? Is it raining? Is the sun shining?
No, I'm not No, he / she / it isn't No, you / we / they aren't
Somebody is coming -> Who is coming? (Mary) Somebody is washing the dishes -> Who is washing the dishes? (Peter) Somebody is crying -> Whos crying? (The baby) Whos talking on the phone? (Mr. Steele) Something is happening -> Whats happening? Something is making that noise -> Whats making that noise? (a lorry) What is growing on that tree? (apples) Wh - non subject questions Im reading-> What are you doing? Bruce and Mary are going to the seaside -> Where are Bruce and Mary going? Mrs. Harrisons coming into the room because she wants to see Arthur -> Why is Mrs. Harrison coming into the room? Mr. Steele is coming next Monday / at half past five-> When is Mr. Steele coming? // What time is Mr. Steele coming? Las preposiciones que se refieren al interrogativo permanecen detrs del verbo: Who are you waiting for? My brother What are you looking at? At the pictures / photographs Who is Arthur thinking about? Mary Where are you driving to? Madrid
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USOS DEL PRESENTE CONTINUO: a) Para hablar de algo que est ocurriendo en el momento en que hablamos I'm talking to you. You are sitting in class. I'm not writing on the blackboard. You aren't smoking. It isn't raining now, but the sun is not shining b) Para hablar de algo que se est produciendo en el presente aunque no necesariamente en el momento de hablar. Algo que ha empezado pero an no ha terminado I'm reading a book by Graham Greene You are studying English Sue is knitting a sweater for her son I'm learning Greek c) Para hablar de algo que se ha organizado para un futuro cercano. Usamos adverbios de tiempo como: tonight, next week, tomorrow, this evening I'm going to the theatre tonight They are visiting their grandparents next weekend We are meeting our friends tomorrow Are you coming to the party this evening? Are you doing anything next Sunday? Yes, I'm playing tennis with Bob d) Algo que est ocurriendo durante un periodo de tiempo limitado en el presente Robert is on holiday this week. Hes staying with her sister in Bournemouth Barbara is studying English for the summer. Shes living with an English family e) Cambios que se estn produciendo en el presente Your children are growing up very quickly Computers are becoming more and more important in our lives
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f) Con always. Expresamos que algo ocurre con demasiada frecuencia. Puede indicar enfado o molestia: Hes always saying stupid things Our neighbours are always having arguments The baby is always crying Youre always losing things Pero no siempre tiene significado negativo, Shes always helping other people (ms de lo normal) Im always meeting Maria in the park. (por casualidad)
Expresiones de tiempo
Las expresiones de tiempo se colocan al final de la oracin, en el lugar de los complementos. Ejemplos: Now, right now (ms enftico, es como decir "ahora mismo") At the moment, at this moment, this week, this month, this year Si el Presente Continuo expresa futuro, las expresiones de tiempo cambian. Ejemplos: Tonight, tomorrow, Next weekend, next summer, next year, next Christmas, On December the 31st (siempre teniendo en cuenta que sea posterior) VERBOS QUE NO SE SUELEN USAR EN FORMA PROGRESIVA Verbos de percepcin por los sentidos: see, hear, smell, taste, feel We hear someone outside This pasta tastes delicious Verbos que expresan sentimientos o preferencias: want, love, hate, like, dislike I like this music very much Do you want to go now? Does she love you?
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Verbos que indican pensamiento o proceso mental: think (cuando se expresa una opinion), understand, know, mean, believe, remember, forget, I think you are right Do you know Billy? She doesnt understand what you are saying Verbos de posesin: have, belong, possess Mary has a new boyfriend That house belongs to the Major Auxiliares excepto be y have in ciertos usos: Can, must, may, should, etc You can go now They must be here on time She should phone her parents We are at home now
2.- PRESENTE CONTINUO.- EJERCICIOS 1.- Write the -ing forms of these verbs. Break ...........Clean ............... Come .............. Die ................. Carry .............. Sing ............... Start
Go ...................Live ................. Play
Wash ................Write................. Get ................... Feel................ Put Hit ....................Jump ................ Rain.................. Shop .............. Shout Dream ..............Talk .................. Open ................ Visit ............... Forget 2.- Make present progressive sentences. Example: Ann / read / the newspaper -> Ann is reading the newspaper 1 The baby / cry / again 2 It / snow / again 3 You / look / very beautiful today. 4 Your coffee / get / cold 5 I / play / a lot of football this year 6 We / wait / for a phone call
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7 Chris and Helen / spend / a week in France 3.- Make questions: a) I'm making a lot of noise.-> Am I making a lot of noise? b) Clare is reading. c) You are watching the news. d) It is snowing. e) We are waiting in the right place f) You are sitting here. g) David is enjoying the film. h) The bus is stopping. i) Bill and Ben are studying. j) Those girls are speaking French 4.- Make negative sentences a) You're listening to me.- > you arent listening to me b) Tim is studying. c) We're talking. d) You are writing. e) Katherine is lying. f) They are waiting for us. g) Anna's having a good time. h) I'm reading at the moment. i) It's raining. j) I'm eating pizza. 5.- Complete the questions: 1. What language / those people / speak? -> What language are those people speaking? 2. What / Bill / write / on the wall? 3. Why / the train / stop? 4. What / they / eat / now? 5. What game / they / play? 6. Where / you / go / now? 7. Why / those men / take / our car?
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8. Who / you / look / at? 9. who / wait / for you 10. everybody / listen / to me? -> Is everybody listening to me? 11. you / wait / for somebody? 12. your boyfriend / enjoy / the concert? 13. you / talk / to me? 14. it / snow? 6.- Correct each sentence a) I playing tennis with my best friend.-> Im playing b) You're coming to the cinema tonight? c) John and Mandy don't going to the beach. d) Is Emma and Katy flying to America? e) My sister is walk on the beach now. f) We not studying French at school this year. g) What's that noise? The dog is outside? h) I aren't watching the TV. Turn it off. i) Fred are eating a sandwich for his lunch, j) Are waiting they for a bus? 7 Put the words in the correct order 1. The President and his wife / are / staying / where / ? 2. Those people over there / French / are / speaking / ? 3. Laughing / why / all those people / are / ? 4. Is / eating / that big black dog / what / ? 5. Going / everybody in your family / to Scotland / for Christmas / is / ? 6. What game / those children / playing / are / ? 7. Ann and her friends / studying / are / where / ?
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3. Adjetivos y pronombres demostrativos

Singular THIS Plural este / esta / esto ese / esa / eso aquel / THAT aquella / aquello esos / esas aquellos / THOSE aquellas
THESE estos / estas
Los adjetivos demostrativos suelen acompaar a sustantivos. Es decir, van delante de ellos y los presentan. "This woman is my wife" "I want that T-shirt"
"These people want to see you" (Recuerda que PEOPLE es siempre plural) "I don't like those clouds" En ocasiones, pueden sustituir tambin a algn sustantivo (persona o cosa) que hayamos mencionado antes. En este caso, son pronombres demostrativos. "This is my favourite book" "That is horrible!"
"Which shoes do you prefer? These or those?" OJO. Recuerda tener en cuenta si el sustantivo es singular o plural. Tambin recuerda que hay algunos plurales irregulares que pueden ser confusos. Plurales irregulares Singular Plural Man Men Woman Women
Singular Child Person
Plural Children People
Tambin has de tener en cuenta que ciertos objetos que se consideran simtricos, es decir, formados por dos mitades iguales, tambin son considerados plurales. Palabras simtricas consideradas plurales Ingls Castellano Ingls Glasses Gafas Trousers Sunglasses Gafas de sol Scissors
Castellano Pantalones Tijeras
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DESCRIPCIONES
Ahora vamos a aprender a escribir descripciones fsicas y psicolgicas de lugares. Lee con cuidado las instrucciones y despus estudia el ejemplo de la descripcin de Covent Garden, un mercado en Londres. Cuando describimos un lugar, queremos transmitir el ambiente de ese lugar. Antes de empezar a escribir, piensa qu caractersticas del lugar quieres transmitir. Escribe un ttulo para tu redaccin. Es muy importante organizar estas ideas en prrafos de dos o tres lneas. Recuerda: En la introduccin presenta el lugar: dnde se encuentra, por qu lo conoces, etc. Haz un prrafo para describir fsicamente el lugar: poblacin, monumentos, etc. En otro prrafo descrbelo personalmente: cmo lo ves t, qu te hace sentir, etc. Finalmente haz un pequeo prrafo para la conclusin y acabar la redaccin. Es muy importante utilizar adjetivos para que la descripcin sea ms interesante. Finalmente, revisa que no haya errores de gramtica ni de ortografa.
EJEMPLO DE DESCRIPCIN DE UN LUGAR Esquema TTULO Introduccin Incluye nombre y situacin del lugar. Covent Garden, en Londres PARTE CENTRAL Prrafo 2: Visin objetiva del lugar Describe las caractersticas fsicas y Modelo Covent Garden Covent Garden is a big area in the centre of London with an important market and an open square. Covent Garden is an old market and is famous for the opera, too. Now, it has got shops, restaurants and a
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lugares de inters: tiendas, mercado, artistas callejeros .Tambin describe el ambiente y la gente
street market. People sell clothes, art, etc. Covent Garden is also popular for its excellent street artists. They are from different countries and do interesting things. People love these street artists and they usually give them money.
Prrafo 3 Conclusin Conclusin general y opinin personal sobre el lugar. Visin ms personal del sitio Utiliza adjetivos tanto como puedas Prrafo 4 Opinin y recomendacin del lugar
I like this place a lot. You can go shopping, have a nice cup of tea at one of the charming cafs, and have a good time with the street artists. [108 words]
Para que te resulte ms fcil identificarlos, los adjetivos estn escritos en negrita y los conectores en cursiva. Observa los siguientes conectores para aadir ideas: And: se sita entre oraciones. Too: se coloca al final de la oracin. Also: es un adverbio y va al lado del verbo, con las mismas reglas que los adverbios de frecuencia, recuerdas? Claro! Detrs del verbo To Be y delante de todos los dems.
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Autoevaluaciones
Autoevaluacin 1
1.- Elige la mejor respuesta. 1. London is in the _____________ of England. a. North b. South c. West
2. I _____________ have dinner at 9pm. a. always b. every day c. on Mondays
3. She _________________ English and Spanish. a. speak b. does speak c. speaks
4. We go shopping ___________________. a. at the moment b. on every Friday c. once a week
5. I am ____________________ a very interesting book. a. read b. reading c. readding
6. We are ______________ a letter to Mary. a. writing b. writting c. writeing
7. They are playing tennis __________________. a. at now a. dont b. isnt b. every Sunday c. doesnt c. at the moment
8. Peter ______________ work in London.
9. Look! ___________ man over there is crying. a. this b. those c. that 10. I dont like ______________ trousers Im wearing. a. that b. these c. this
2 Lee el texto sobre Londres y completa las frases: And also you have the visitors; millions of people from everywhere around the world come to London every year to visit the monuments, museums and department stores! London has also the most amazing parks, for example Hyde Park; and what about the markets like Covent Garden, and there are also great celebrations like the Notting Hill Carnival. And in Christmas I love all the decorations and the music in the streets. The best way of moving around London is the tube (the traffic is horrible at certain times), the tube brings you anywhere and very fast; most of people move around in the tube every day.
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There are also double-decker buses that bring you all around London, those famous red buses that are in many postcards and souvenirs. 1. Covent Garden is a very famous __________. a. museum a. horrible b. market b. lovely b. tube c. monument 2. The City Centre is a __________ place to walk around 3. The best way to move around London is the __________. a. double-decker buses
2. True or false? Verdadero o falso?: 1. Life in the City is good. T / F 2. In London there are lots of foreigners and tourists. T / F 3. London is not a good place to find a job. T / F 4. London is a very big city. T / F 5. London is in the North West of England. T / F 6. Winters in London are rainy. T / F 3. Escribe la forma de 3 persona de singular , pres. simple (He / She / It) 1. Do 5. Love 9. Buy 2. Match 6. Push 10. Go 3. Believe 7. Think 11. Speak 4. Have 8.Kiss 12. Bury
4. Coloca los siguientes adverbios de frecuencia en el lugar que les corresponda. 1. I go swimming early in the morning. (never ) 2. She is happy in the pictures. (always ) 3. We dont buy this food. (usually) 4. You telephone me at night. (sometimes ) 5. They are worried about their son. (often ) 5. Completa las frases usando la forma correcta de estos verbos: smoke close boil not eat study not like speak have go meet
1. Marys very intelligent. She four languages. 2. I never . at work. 3. We .. Japanese food.
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4. In England the shops . at 6.00 in the afternoon. 5. Your job is very interesting. You a lot of people. 6. Water at 100C. 7. Richard . meat. 8. My sister is a good student. She every day. 9. Amanda a very big house. 10. Celia is lucky. She .. to England every summer. 6. Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando am / is / are ms uno de los verbos siguientes: sleeping not smiling crying swimming having staying
1. Listen! The baby . 2. My family .. in a hotel at the moment. 3. Barbara . in the river. 4. In the picture, my husband .. 5. Ann .. a shower now. 6. Its late at night. Everybody . 7. Completa las siguientes oraciones con las formas en Presente Continuo de los verbos: 1. NOT PLAY - Tony football this week. 2. SING - Listen! Beth . a song. 3. FIX - The mechanic . my car today. 4. LISTEN - The students . to the teacher. 5. WEAR - I a very beautiful dress. 6. RUN - The kids .. to school. 7. LAUGH - You . at me! 8. GO - They . to the United States next week. 9. LIE - Be careful! She .. to you! 10. HAVE - The girl . a sandwich for lunch.
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8. Completa las siguientes oraciones con los verbos que hay al principio de cada una. Tienes que elegir entre Presente Simple o Presente Continuo y escribirlo correctamente. 1. SLEEP. Andrea on the sofa right now. 2. WATCH. I never . TV in the morning. 3. LISTEN. We .. to the radio every day. 4. COOK. I always .. paella on Sundays. 5. SLEEP. My daughter .. 9 hours a day. 6. WATCH. They TV at the moment. 7. LISTEN. I to a very interesting radio programme. 8. COOK. I am busy because I .. a very big meal. 9. Elige la expresin de tiempo que se corresponda con el tiempo verbal. 1. I go to the library every day / at the moment. 2. My friends are playing tennis on Saturdays / at the moment. 3. Do you swim on Sundays / now? 4. Im watching TV once a week / right now. 5. Is Mike wearing glasses now / every weekend? 10. Escribe this o these
chair tables
sandwich things
children place
houses trousers
11. Ahora escribe that o those child men glasses flower
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TAREAS
Tarea 1
A continuacin vers fotos de Hyde Park, en Londres. Utiliza la informacin que vers en las fotografas para hacer una descripcin del lugar . Enva esta tarea al tutor.
Hyde Park Door
A walk under the trees in Hyde Park
People relaxing in Hyde Park
Lake in Hyde Park
People feeding ducks in Hyde Park
Flowers in Hyde Park
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Tarea 2
A continuacin vers otra foto tomada en Hyde Park. Est hecha en el Speakers Corner (el rincn del orador). Se trata de una zona en Hyde Park donde la gente va a hablar del tema que elijan con la condicin de que no toquen el suelo. Este lugar est ms concurrido los domingos por la maana. Describe lo que ves en la foto utilizando el PRESENTE CONTINUO. Puedes utilizar los siguientes verbos. Enva al tutor esta tarea. Reading speaking wearing looking shouting listening think pointing
Man speaking at Speakers corner
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Bloque 7. Tema 2: ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD
NDICE 1. Gente distinta, mismo idioma 2. Expresin de gustos, preferencias 3. Expresin de necesidades y deseos 4. Expresin del comparativo y superlativo. Adjetivos irregulares. 5. Oraciones de relativo 6. Autoevaluaciones y tareas
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1. Personas y personajes:
Empezaremos con John Nkwelu; ahora tenemos una completa descripcin suya. John Nkwelu. DESCRIPTION. My name is John Nkwelu; I am 32 years old and I come from Nigeria. I came to London in 1997. I work in a hotel and I like my job a lot. My life is very easy here in London; I love living in big cities and meeting new people. London is not as quiet as my village in Nigeria, so I can do lots of things here. I love going to the cinema. I also like sports. I love running and playing football, but I hate swimming. At weekends, I go out with my friends. My friend Paul, who is from Manchester, is my best friend. I want to find a girlfriend and have a big family in the future. I love children - they are more interesting than adults, sometimes (ha ha ha).
2. Expresin de gustos, preferencias y deseos

2.1. Expresin de gustos y preferencias Cuando queremos expresar en ingls nuestras preferencias y hacer saber a los dems si algo nos gusta o no, debemos utilizar el presente simple. Como recordars de la unidad anterior, son cosas que suceden de forma habitual. Los verbos que expresan gustos y preferencias son principalmente los siguientes, dependiendo de lo mucho o poco que nos guste algo:
Verbo a utilizar Love (encantar)
Seguido de
Sustantivo We love sports / She likes cheese / I hate John Like (gustar) Pronombre Don't mind (no importar) We love them (sports) She likes it (cheese) I hate him (John) Dislike (no gustar) Verbo en -ING Hate (odiar) You love listening to music We don't mind walking I hate swimming in the sea
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Es muy simple, recuerda: a) los verbos que expresan preferencia (like, hate) siempre en presente simple b) los verbos detrs de ellos siempre acabados en ing
2.2. Expresin de necesidades y deseos

Por otra parte, podemos expresar nuestra necesidad, deseo o esperanza por algo o porque algo ocurra. Los verbos que expresan esto (need, want, hope) tambin van siempre en presente simple. Verbo a utilizar Seguido de Sustantivo Need (necesitar) I need two books We want that house Want (querer) Pronombre
I need them (two books) We want it (that Hope (Esperar , house) con esperanza, To + infinitivo desear) We want to buy that house I hope to see you Por tanto, recuerda: los verbos que expresan deseo y necesidad (need, want, hope) siempre en presente simple los verbos detrs de ellos siempre en to + infinitivo
3.- Expresin de la comparacin

Cuando comparamos, nos fijamos en cualidades que van expresadas por adjetivos (nunca decimos "esta mesa es ms mesa que aqulla". Por tanto, al comparar nos fijamos en los adjetivos, que s se pueden graduar (alto, ms alto que, el ms alto). Veremos dos puntos dentro de la comparacin: a) Comparativo: comparacin entre dos cosas b) Superlativo: comparacin de una cosa con respecto a varias Antes de nada, debemos saber que los distintos grados que puede tener un adjetivo son tres: positivo, comparativo, superlativo
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The house in the picture is large (positivo) The house is larger than my flat (comparativo) Its the largest house in town (superlativo) Positivo Dark Tall Useful Comparativo Darker Taller More useful Superlativo The darkest The tallest The most useful
3.1.- Reglas de formacin del grado comparativo y superlativo 1.- Adjetivos de una slaba: forman el comparativo aadiendo er al adjetivo; y el superlativo aadiendo est al adjetivo Comparativo: adjetivo + er Old Slow cheap hard fast Nice late big hot thin Older slower cheaper harder faster Nicer Later Bigger hotter thinner Superlativo: adjetivo + est the oldest the slowest the cheapest the hardest the fastest The nicest The latest the biggest the hottest the thinnest
Rome is old but Athens is older Is it cheaper to go by car or by train? She wants to buy a bigger car This coat is okay but I think the other one is nicer This building is very old. It is the oldest building in town It was a very cold night. It was the coldest night of the year John is the tallest boy in the class What is the longest river in the world?
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2.- Adjetivos de dos slabas terminados en y: cambian la y por i y aaden er / est Comp. +ier pretty holy easy heavy prettier holier easier heavier Sup. + iest the prettiest the holiest the easiest the heaviest
Don't send a letter. It's easier to phone My case is heavy, but yours is heavier Whos the prettiest girl in the class? The blue whale is the heaviest animal in the world 3.- Resto de adjetivos: (excepto algunos adjetivos de dos slabas que no veremos en este curso), el resto de adjetivos de dos o ms slabas forman el grado comparativo y superlativo anteponiendo los adverbios more y the most al adjetivo more + adjetivo modern careful obscure tired expensive interesting comfortable intelligent more modern more careful more obscure more tired more expensive more interesting more comfortable more intelligent the most + adjetivo the most modern the most careful the most obscure the most tired the most expensive the most interesting the most comfortable the most intelligent
I don't like this house. I prefer more modern houses Don't go by train. It's more expensive Don't talk about your job. Let's talk about something more interesting My chair is not very comfortable. Yours is more comfortable My children are more intelligent than me
What was the most expensive thing you've ever had?

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This the most comfortable chair in the house Is this the most interesting book you have read? Sarah is the most intelligent student in the class 4.- Comparativos y superlativos irregulares: Algunos adjetivos no se ajustan a estas reglas, son los llamados irregulares Comparativo good bad little many / much old far better worse less more elder (older) further / farther Superlativo the best the worst the least the most the eldest (the oldest) the furthest / the farthest
The garden looks better since you tidied it up Is your headache better? No, it's worse It's further (or farther) than I thought Let me know if you hear any further news For further information, please, contact 902 555 34 11 He looks older than he really is My elder / older brother is a pilot // He is older (no elder) than me My eldest / oldest daughter is 13 years old Who is the eldest / oldest person in your family? The church is the oldest building in town 3.2.- CONSTRUCCIONES CON COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS 1. Con la forma positiva: As ... as- (tan como) Para expresar que dos elementos son iguales A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father Mary is as clever as John Onassis was as rich as Rockefeller I'm sorry I'm late. I got here as fast as I could There's plenty of food. You can have as much as you like
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Can you send me the money as soon as possible, please? Not as / so ... as (no tan como): Para expresar que dos elementos no son iguales Tom isn't as old as he looks The city centre wasn't as crowded as usual this morning Jenny didn't do the exam as well as she had hoped It's not warm but it isn't so cold as yesterday Ben isn't so rich as Shirley Less ... (than) (menos que): Para expresar que el primer elemento es menos que el segundo The city centre was less crowded than usual It is less cold than yesterday The least (el menos, la menos, lo menos) I usually buy the least expensive things She is the least tall of the family 2.- Con el comparativo Comparativo than... (Ms que) A mountain is higher than a hill He isn't cleverer than you, but he is more careful (than you) They are richer than us. 3.- Con el superlativo El superlativo lo empleamos para comparar un elemento con un conjunto de dos o ms elementos (el ms, la ms, lo ms de) Siempre lleva artculo determinado the.
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Utilizamos la preposicin In, cuando la comparacin es respecto a un lugar o grupo organizado. This is the cheapest restaurant in town This Picasso is the most valuable picture in the gallery Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world Who is the best player in the team? She is the most intelligent student in the class Utilizamos la preposicin Of cuando la comparacin es respecto a un tiempo o grupo no organizado. Yesterday was the hottest day of the year What was the happiest day of your life My eldest brother is the cleverest of us Ejercicios co mparacin 1 Completa la tabla Adjective Fast Happy Tall 3 Slow 7 Heavy Big 13 Dirty Hot 19 Cold 23 Comparative faster Happier 1 Easier 5 8 9 11 14 15 17 20 21 Smaller Superlative The fastest The happiest 2 4 6 the fattest 10 12 the largest 16 18 the prettiest 22 24
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2.- Compara los coches: escribe ocho oraciones como los ejemplos
Volvo
Beetle
S m a l l - > T h e B e e t l e i s smaller than the Volvo. quiet -> The Volvo is quieter than the Beetle 1.- old 2.- fast 3.- big 4.- new 5.- slow 6.- wide 7.- dirty 8.- clean 3.- Compara estas cosas Example: a lamb and a sheep (old | small) A sheep is older than a lamb. A lamb is smaller than a sheep. 1 wood and steel (light | hard | strong) 2 a bus and a train (slow | comfortable) 3 milk and cream (thick | healthy | fattening) 4 windsurfing and swimming (cheap | exciting | good exercise) 4.- .- Completa lo que Mara dice sobre el Ingls . Usa la forma comparativa de los adjetivos entre parntesis; usa than cuando sea necesario . 'Oh, why is English such a difficult language! I think it's much more difficult than (much | difficult) French. Sometimes I f eel that my English is getting (bad), not (good)! W hen you first start learning English, it seems a lot (easy) .. other languages and the grammar looks much (simple)
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However, when you become a little (advanced) .., it gets a lot (complicated) .. There are also so many words in English! The dictionary I bought when I first came to Britain is far too small. I'm already looking for something rather (big) and (comprehensive)..' 5.- Completa las oraciones usando the y el superlativo de los adjetivos entre parntesis Example: W hat's the most precious (precious) metal in the world? 1 W ho's (good) ..footballer in Europe? 2 This was (cheap) . watch in the shop. 3 I bought (reliable) . washing machine I could find. 4 This is one of (expensive ) . restaurants in Milan. 5 The blue whale is ( large) of all the animals. 6 He's one of (stupid) people I know. 7 (old) . university in the world is in Morocco. 8 I think that was one of ( bad) .days of my life. 9 Sydney Opera House is one of ( famous) ..modern buildings in the world. 6.- Completa usando as ... as y estos adjectivos : interesting cheap old clever tall Example: 'Are you as old as Mike?' 1 'No, I'm younger than he is.'
Jill is almost. her father. She's 164 cm and he's
166cm. 2 I'm not . my brother. He's very intelligent. 3 The film wasn't . I'd thought it would be. In fact, it was quite boring. 4 Going by train is almost . taking the coach. They both cost around 5. 7.- Completa usando isn't as ... as y los adjectivos entre parntesis. Example: Japan | India (large | industrialised) Japan isn't as large as India./ India isn't as industrialised as Japan. 1 a giraffe | an elephant ( tall | strong | fast ) 2 iron | gold (strong/valuable )
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3 a gorilla | a human (intelligent | strong) 4 a car a bicycle (expensive | fast | easy to park ) 8.- Completa las oraciones usando la forma correcta de los adjetivos entre parntesis. Aade than, the o as cuando sea necesario. 1 Baseball is THE MOST POPULAR sport in the USA. ( popular) 2 She's much MORE SERIOUS THAN her brother, ( serious ) 3 He wasn't as FRIENDLY AS he usually is. ( friendl y) 4 That was .. film I've ever seen, ( good) 5 He's much any of his brothers, ( generous) 6 You aren't as you think you are. ( clever) 7 W here's place in the world? ( hot) 8 Debbie is far .. she used to be. ( self-confident) 9 My brother is one of .. people I know, ( strange) 10 W hich is .. building in the world? ( tall) 11 Our holiday was much .we'd expected, ( cheap) 12 That was one of times of my life, ( enjoyable) 13 A mile is . a kilometre (long) 14 Today isn't as yesterday, (sunny) 15 W hat's . holiday you've ever had? ( good)
4. Oraciones de relativo
Una oracin de relativo es una oracin subordinada que aade informacin sobre una parte de la oracin principal, a la que llamamos antecedente. Como recuerdas, todo pronombre sustituye a un sustantivo (o nombre) en una oracin. En este caso, es importante conocer estos pronombres de relativo porque nos van a resultar muy tiles a la hora de unir dos oraciones, y ampliar informacin sobre lo que queremos decir. Se suelen traducir por que (Tengo una gata que es negra; Conozco a una persona que naci en Canad, etc.)
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Como hemos dicho, unen dos oraciones que tienen un elemento en comn, es decir, se repite el mismo sustantivo (bien repitiendo la misma palabra o a travs de un pronombre). Los pronombres de relativo sustituyen a este sustantivo que se repite y unen las dos oraciones tomando como elemento comn dicho sustantivo. Mira atentamente los ejemplos y lo vers: The woman is a doctor. She lives next door -> The woman who lives next door is a doctor We know a lot of people. They live in London -> We know a lot of people who live in London La oracin de relativo va inmediatamente a continuacin de su antecedente. El relativo sustituye a la parte de la oracin subordinada que se refiere al antecedente. An architect is a person. He designs buildings -> An architect is a person who designs buildings The man is very friendly. He was talking to me yesterday -> The man who was talking to me yesterday is very friendly. Where is the cheese? It was in the fridge -> Where is the cheese which was in the fridge PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS: WHO: Lo utilizamos cuando el antecedente es un sustantivo referido a una persona Doctors may not see simple answers to everyday problems. They are too busy.-> Doctors who are too busy may not see simple answers to everyday problems. The girl is now in hospital. She was injured in the accident -> The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. The man told me you were away. He answered the phone. -> The man who
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answered the phone told me you were away. WHICH: Lo utilizamos cuando el antecedente es un sustantivo referido a un animal, cosa o idea. The problem is quite interesting. It is being investigated -> The problem which is being investigated is quite interesting The story is true. It was so moving -> The story which was so moving is true Barbara works for a factory. It makes washing machines -> Barbara works for a factory which makes washing machines THAT: Lo podemos utilizar como sustituto tanto de who como de which The book is about a girl. She runs away from home-> The book is about a girl that / who runs away from home The police have caught the men They stole the car -> The police have caught the men that / who stole the car A bus runs every half an hour. It goes to the airport -> The bus that / which goes to the airport runs every half an hour. What has happened to the pictures? They were on the wall-> What has happened to the pictures that / which were on the wall? WHOSE: Sustituye a los adjetivos posesivos. Como relativo, es un adjetivo, siempre acompaa a un sustantivo. Establece una relacin de posesin entre el antecedente y la palabra que sigue a whose We saw some people. Their car had broken down -> We saw some people whose car had broken down A widow is a woman. Her husband is dead -> A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. Whats the name of the man? You borrowed his car?-> Whats the name of the
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man whose car you borrowed? A few days ago I met someone. I went to school with his brother -> A few days ago I met someone whose brother I went to school with I met a man. His sister knows you -> I met a man whose sister knows you EJERCICIOS RELATIVOS 1.- Rellena con who, which. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The people ...................... live downstairs are Irish. The shop ...................... sells that good bread is closed today. The dictionary ...................... I bought yesterday isn't very good. That cheese ...................... you like comes from Scotland. Do you know the girls ...................... are standing by the window? I can't find the key ...................... opens this door. I've lost the ear-rings ...................... Harry gave me. The police are looking for three men ...................... robbed the bank yesterday. 9. We know the woman ...................... teaches French at Jane's school. 10. There's the man .. took your coat. 11. Do you know the people live next door? 12. I've found the keys .. I lost. 13. Do you like the new dress ..I bought yesterday? 14. The car is parked outside belongs to Susan. 15. The poems .. Mark writes are very hard to understand. 2.- Escribe la oracin de relativo en el espacio marcado con asterisco (*). Cambia he, it, etc por who or which. Ejemplos: Most of the people* speak German. They live in Austria. -> Most of the people who live in Austria speak German I know a shop*. It sells really good meat.-> I know a shop which sells really good meat 1. The bus* isn't running today. It goes to Oxford. 2. Yesterday I met a man*. He works with your brother. 3. The child* was ill. She didn't come to the party. 4. Can you pick up the papers*? They are lying on the floor.
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5. I don't like the man*. He is going out with my sister. 6. I'd like to speak to the person*. She wrote this letter. 7. Joe's got a motorbike*. It can do 200 km an hour. 8. Is that the computer*? It doesn't work. 9. A man* wants to marry my sister. He lives in New York. 10. The doctors* all said different things. They looked at my leg. 11. The children* have gone on holiday. They play football with Paul. 3.- Escribe una oracin de relativo para definir los siguientes animales o cosas. Usa that y una de las expresiones del recuadro makes honey / can fly straight up / flies at night and hears very well / doesn't have an engine / eats small animals and birds / can fly to the moon / doesn't make honey and can bite you / can't fly 1 A bee is an insect that makes honey 2 An eagle is a bird 3 penguin is a bird 4 A bat is an animal 5 A helicopter is a machine 6 A glider is a plane 7 A space rocket is a thing 8 A mosquito is an insect 4.- Put WHO, WHOSE or WHICH in each space. a) The friend house I stayed in is coming to stay with us. b) The guidebook we bought explained everything. c) Do you know the artist painted this picture . d) The man house I bought works in my office. e) I dont know the man you were talking to. f) The girl ruler I borrowed wanted it back. g) The game we played was very difficult. h) I can't remember lent me this book. i) Do you know Catherine works for? j) The places we visited were all very interesting.
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5.- Autoevaluciones
1.- Completa las oraciones eligiendo una de las tres posibilidades. 1. I ______________ your house. Its very beautiful. a. like b. hate c. dislike 2. I love _______________ TV at night. a. watching b. to watch c. watch 3. She hates _________________. She doesnt like it. a. runing b. to run c. running
4. Canada is ________________ than Spain. a. bigger b. the bigger c. biger
5. This is the _________________ job in the world. a. better b. gooder c. best
6. London is not as _________________ Madrid. a. hot as b. hotter than c. the hottest
7. Ferrari is the __________________ car in the world. a. more expensive b. expensive c. most expensive
8. Susan wants ______________ you to the party. a. to invite b. invite c. inviting 9. The car ___________ I like costs 24,000. a. whose b. who c. that
10. I love a girl ______________ plays the piano. a. who b. whose c. that
2.- Lee la descripcin de John Nkwelu al principio del tema. Contesta a estas preguntas sobre John: true or false / verdadero o falso: 1.- John is from Nigeria. a.- true 2.- He likes big cities. b.- false a.- true b.- false b.- false
3.- He loves swimming. a.- true
4.- His best friend is English. a.- true b.- false 3. Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando un verbo acabado en ING oun verbo con to + infinitivo. Recuerda que la clave para utilizar uno u otro est en el verbo que vaya delante. 1. She needs [talking / to talk] to you. Please phone her. 2. I really like [going out / to go out], but today Im very tired.
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3. My sister doesnt mind [reading / to read], but she hates studying / to study. 4. They have a lot of money so they want [buying / to buy] an expensive car. 5. Susan dislikes [swimming / to swim] in cold water. 6. We hope [seeing / to see] you in the party. 7. You love [dancing / to dance]. 4.- Mira la tabla y escribe oraciones sobre los gustos de Peter y Nicole Love Like Dont mind Dislike Pedro go to the cinema watch TV clean the house listen to music go on holiday read books Cook Hate
Nicole
1. Pedro __________ the cinema and Nicole ____________ to the cinema 2. Pedro ______________ TV but Nicole ______________ TV. 3. Pedro ______________the house but Nicole ______________ the house. 4. Pedro ______________ to music but Nicole ______________ to music 5. Pedro ______________ on holiday and Nicole ______________ on holiday 6. Pedro ______________ books and Nicole ______________books 7. Pedro ______________ cook and Nicole ______________ cook 5. Elige la forma correcta de los adjetivos en grado comparativo: 1.- large 2.- curly 3.- comfortable 4.- happy 5.- wide a.- more large a.- more curly a.- more comfortable a.- more happy a.- more wide b.- larger b.- curlier b.- comfortabler b.- happier b.- wider
6. Completa las frases con los comparativos y las partculas correspondientes. 1. Penlope Cruz is Beln Rueda. (YOUNG) 2. River Guadiana River Amazon. (LONG)
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3. Your trousers are my trousers. (DIRTY) 4. Her eyes are the sky. (BLUE) 5. That film is the book. (BORING) 6. This sofa is this chair. (COMFORTABLE) 7. A Ferrari is a Seat (EXPENSIVE) 7.- Elige los superlativos correctos 1.- Practical a.- the most practical 2.- Straight a.- the most straight 3.- Dark a.- the most dark b.- the practicalest b.- the straightest b.- the darkest
8. Completa: 1. I think Manchester United is football______________team of the Premier League. (GOOD) 2. Lewis Hamilton drives ______________Fernando Alonso. (BAD) 3. My ______________sister is working in London. (OLD) 4. What is ______________for your health, fruit or meat? (GOOD) 5. I really think that Blade is ______________film I have ever seen. (BAD) 9. Completa: 1. Mount Everest is______________ mountain in the World. (HIGH) 2. Einstein was ______________ person in his time. (INTELLIGENT) 3. ______________river in America is the Mississippi. (LONG) 4. When I heard the news I was ______________person in the World. (HAPPY) 5. Friends is______________programme on TV. (BORING) 10. Escribe WHO / WHICH en los espacios en blanco. 1. I met a man ______________ speaks five languages. 2. Whats the name of the girl ______________ lives next door? 3. She always asks questions ______________ are interesting. 4. I have a friend ______________ is from Manchester. 5. She always wears clothes ______________ are very expensive. 6. The people ______________ went to the party were very nice. 7. What is the name of the thing ______________ you have for breakfast? 8. A microwave is a machine ______________ heats things.
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Tareas.- Tarea 1
A) Comparativo Aqu tenemos un cuadro para poner en prctica todo lo que hemos aprendido hasta ahora del comparativo de superioridad. Formula oraciones con los datos de la tabla y utiliza los adjetivos que hay en maysculas en la parte derecha de la tabla.
Adjetivos que que utilizar Earth Diameter (km) Length of day (hours) Surface temperature (C) B) Superlativo 12,760 24 22 C Mars 6,790 25 -23 C SMALL / BIG LONG / SHORT COLD / HOT
tienes
Igual que has hecho con el comparativo, formula oraciones con los datos de la tabla y utilizando el superlativo de los adjetivos que hay en maysculas en la parte derecha de la tabla. Adjetivos tienes utilizar que que
Earth Diameter (km) Distance from Sun (million km) Length of day (hours) Surface temp. (C) 12,760
Mars 6,790
Jupiter 142,800 BIG / SMALL
150
228
778
NEAR DISTANT SHORT LONG COLD / HOT
24 22
25 -23
10 -150
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Tarea 2
Ahora vamos a poner en prctica todos estos conceptos que acabas de aprender; recuerda que primero tienes que establecer cul de las dos modalidades de comparacin es (comparativo o superlativo), y una vez claro esto tienes que distinguir cul de las dos maneras debes usar (adjetivos largos o cortos)
A. Mercedes B. Ford C. Jaguar Benz Year 1910 Year 2002 Year 2008 24,000 48,000 73,000 60 km/h 230 km/h 200 km/h 1. The Ford is ______________ car of the four. (SLOW) 2. The Mercedes is ______________ than the Mini. (FAST)
D. Mini Year 2004 24,000 190 km/h
3. The Jaguar is not as ______________ as the Mercedes. (EXPENSIVE) 4. The Mercedes is ______________. (EXPENSIVE) 5. The Ford is ______________. (CHEAP) 6. The Mini is ______________. (SMALL)
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Bloque 8. Tema 1: Women in history

NDICE
1.- Mujeres famosas en la historia mundial 2.- Comparacin entre el Pasado Simple y el Pasado Continuo. Cundo utilizar Pasado Simple y Pasado Continuo 3.- Autoevaluaciones 4.- Tareas
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1. MARY ROBINSON
Mary Robinson (born 21st May 1944) was the first Female President of Ireland serving from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. When she was 25 she became the youngest Law University teacher at the Trinity College in Dublin; some years later she became a famous lawyer and member of the Irish Senate (1969-1989). She won the 1990 presidential election as an Independent candidate nominated by the Irish Labour Party. Robinson has been Honorary President of Oxfam International since 2002, she is the president of the International
Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and she also founded the Council of Women World Leaders. Robinson's newest project is the Ethical Globalization Initiative, which promotes fair trade and development, more humane migration policies and better responses to HIV/AIDS in Africa. The organization also promotes women's leadership and supports capacity building and good governance in developing countries. In 2004, she received an Award from Amnesty International for her work in promoting human rights. She has taught Law in the USA and in South-Africa.
VOCABULARIO SOBRE EL TEXTO
English Female United Nations High Commissioner Human Rights Law
Spanish Mujer Naciones Unidas Alta Comisionada Derechos Humanos Derecho

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Lawyer Labour Party Honorary President Environment Development To found Council Council of Women World Leaders Ethical Globalization Initiative Fair Trade Migration policies HIV/AIDS Developing countries Award
Abogado/a Partido Laborista Presidente/a Honorario/a Medio Ambiente Desarrollo Fundar Consejo Consejo de Mujeres Lderes Mundiales Iniciativa para una Globalizacin Etica Comercio justo Polticas de emigracin SIDA Pases en vas de desarrollo Premio
Lee el texto y di si las siguientes afirmaciones son verdaderas (true) o falsas (false) 1.- Mary Robinson was President of Ireland for 10 years 2.- Before she was President of Ireland, she was a Law Tea cher at Trinity College for 25 years 3.Nowadays, she is the Honorary President of Amnesty
International 4.- In the year 2004 Amnesty International gave her an award for her work in human rights 5.IIED is an international organization. It works to f ight
discrimination.
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2. Pasado Simple y Pasado Continuo

Pasado Simple
1.- PASADO SIMPLE DE 'TO BE' (was / were) 1.1.- FORMA: Affirmativa: I / he / she / it was // you / we / they were I was broke last weekend. I didn't have any money. It was the end of the month Mary was very beautiful yesterday. She was wearing a light summer dress My Father was at the station when there was a train accident I saw you last Saturday. You were outside the cinema We were very tired last weekend There were a lot of people in the library yesterday. Negativa: Was not -> wasn't // were not -> weren't **** NO didnt be!!!! That wasn't a bad meal Bruce injuries were not serious Last weekend wasn't a great success for Arthur The Newtons weren't at home at eight o'clock, when I phoned them
Interrogativa: Was I / he / she / it? Were you / we / they? Where were you when Mr. Sledge was murdered? I was at home with my wife and children Was Arthur with Jennifer last night? Yes, he was // No, he wasnt Was it a busy day today? Yes, it was // No, it wasnt Were Mary and Sheila at the party last night? Yes, they were// No, they werent Was there anybody at home? Yes, there was // No, there wasnt
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2.- PASADO SIMPLE VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES
FORMA: VERBOS REGULARES: INFINITIVO + ED Los verbos regulares forman el pasado y el participio de pasado aadiendo la terminacin -ED a la forma base del verbo. La forma base de un verbo es el infinitivo sin la partcula to. As, la forma base del verbo TO BE es BE; la forma base del verbo TO PLAY es PLAY; la forma base del verbo TO GO es GO, etc. REGLAS DE FORMACIN DEL PASADO DE LOS VERBOS REGULARES: - La mayora de los verbos forman el pasado simple aadiendo ed al infinitivo: Look Looked Want Wanted Help Helped Rain Rained. Switch Switched
- Cuando un verbo termina en e, solamente aade la d: Change Changed Arrive Arrived Telephone Telephoned.
- Verbos terminados en consonante vocal consonante, doblan la consonante final: Stop Stopped plan planned
(No se doblan las consonantes finales X W): Mix mixed row - rowed - Los verbos acabados en Y precedida de consonante, cambian la Y por I antes de aadir ED: carry carried tidy tidied
-Cuando la Y va precedida de vocal, no cambia: play played stay - stayed
- Los verbos de dos o ms slabas que terminan en CVC, doblan la consonante final cuando el acento recae sobre la ltima slaba: admit admitted prefer preferred.
Pero no la dobla cuando el acento recae en una slaba distinta a la ltima:

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visit visited
happen happened.
En ingls britnico, la L final se dobla siempre, aunque el acento no recaiga en la ltima slaba; pero no en ingls americano: travel travelled VERBOS IRREGULARES Los verbos irregulares tienen una forma distinta a la forma base tanto para pasado simple como para participio pasado que tendrs que estudiar. Ejemplos de verbos irregulares: be was/were eat ate go went see saw do did leave - left speak spoke cancel cancelled
Pasado simple
Afirmativa: usamos la forma de pasado, regular o irregular, para todas las personas, no existe una forma diferente para la 3 persona del singular I cleaned my teeth this morning You smoked twenty cigarettes yesterday evening Caroline went to the cinema three times last month Mr. Todd came into the room, took off his coat and sat down It rained all morning yesterday. It stopped at lunchtime We did a lot of housework last Saturday They had an accident last Sunday afternoon
Interrogativa: para hacer la forma interrogativa, utilizamos como auxiliar la forma DID (pasado de do) y la forma base del verbo principal. Recuerda que hay tres tipos de questions
1.- Yes / no questions: Did + subject +verb-1? Did you come here last night? Yes, I did // No, I didnt Did she work last Saturday? Yes, she did // No, she didnt Did they go to the cinema?
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2.- Preguntas en las que WHO o WHAT, es el sujeto de la oracin: Wh-subject questions: Wh + verb-2 + rest of the sentence. En este tipo de preguntas no usamos el auxiliar DID y el verbo principal va en pasado, como en las oraciones afirmativas Derek and Maggie went to Majorca for their honey moon ->Who went to Majorca for their honey moon? Somebody phoned me->Who phoned you? Something made me angry-> What made you angry?
3.- Wh-non subject questions (preguntas en las que hay un interrogativo, pero no es sujeto: What + did + subject + Verb-1 + rest of the sentence. Usamos did a continuacin del interrogativo y la forma base del verbo principal I met somebody-> Who did you meet? Harry arrived some time yesterday -> What time did Harry arrive? Dr Newton wanted something from the surgery-> What did Dr Newton want from the surgery? Pat went home early because she was tired-> Why did Pat go home early? We had a very good dinner-> What did you have for dinner? It cost a lot of money-> How much did it cost? Negativa: La forma negativa la hacemos con el auxiliar DID seguido de NOT, (o la forma contrada DIDNT) y la forma base del verbo principal: Subject + did not (didn't) + verb-1 I once saw Iker Casillas at the airport, but I did not (didnt) speak to him I did not (didnt) pass my driving test I ran over an old lady; I didnt kill her, but she was seriously injured. I did not (didnt) watch TV Mary didnt get up before 7:00 Arthur didnt have a shower
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USOS DEL PASADO SIMPLE: Acciones en tiempo pasado. Sin conexin con el presente I met her yesterday I came very early this morning I went to bed at eleven last night I never was late for school when I was a child We played chess on Wednesdays when he was my neighbour
Expresiones de tiempo: Las expresiones de tiempo se colocan al final

de la oracin, en el lugar de los complementos.
ENGLISH Yesterday Last night Last weekend, last Monday Two weeks ago, five minutes ago In 1997, in the 19th century From 9 to 12, from Monday to Friday For two years, for three weeks SPANISH Ayer Anoche El fin de semana pasado, el lunes pasado Hace dos semanas, hace cinco minutos En 1997, en el siglo XIX De 9 a 12, de lunes a viernes Durante dos aos, durante tres semanas
AGO: (hace) perodo de tiempo transcurrido desde que algo ocurri hasta el presente. Hace tres das-> three days ago Susan started her new job two weeks ago When did Tom go out? Ten minutes ago I had dinner an hour ago Life was very different a hundred years ago
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PASADO CONTINUO
FORMA: pasado de 'to be' + participio de presente ( forma -ing) Affirmativa: Subject + was/were + verb-ing + rest of the sentence I was working You were working She /he / it was working I was writing a letter The baby was crying for his milk Richard was doing his homework at 8 oclock last night Dan and Alex were playing tennis all day Jim and Joan were waiting for the bus We were drinking tea Mr. and Mrs. Jones were reading We were working You were working They were working
Negativa : sujeto + was not (wasnt) / were not (werent) + verb-ing + resto de la oracin I was not working You were not working He /she / it was not working I wasnt reading. I was watching TV He wasnt repairing the car. He was fixing the motorbike Danny and Susan werent studying. They were playing cards They werent singing at the party. They were dancing We werent swimming in the pool We were not working You were not working They were not working
Interrogativa Yes / No questions: was / were + sujeto + verb-ing + resto?
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Was I working? Were you working? Was he working?
Were we working? Were you working? Were they working?
Was Alan speaking to his girlfriend when you saw him? Was the teacher giving out worksheet when the bell rang? Were you watching TV when the lights went off? Were the children reading when you came home?
Short answers: was /wasn't; were / weren't Wh-subject questions: Who / what + was + verb-ing + resto...? Who was speaking to her at the party? Who was singing last night? Who was putting out the fire? What was giving us trouble? What was making Joan sneeze? Who was playing football?
Wh- non-subject questions: Wh- + was / were + sujeto + verb-ing + resto? Who were you visiting last night? Who was he dancing with at the party? What were the children watching on television when you came? What were you doing at nine oclock yesterday? Where was she sitting when you saw her? USOS DEL PASADO CONTINUO a.- Acciones que ocurren de modo paulatino, progresivo, poco a poco It was getting darker The wind was rising She was becoming more and more interested
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b.- Para indicar que una accin haba comenzado a una hora determinada y posiblemente continuara despus de esa hora At 8.00 he was having breakfast. At half past seven he was cleaning his car What were you doing last night at 11.30? I was watching a comedy film on television c.- Cuando hay dos acciones, una larga, que se est dando, y otra corta, que la interrumpe. La accin larga se expresa en pasado continuo (while), y la corta, (when) en pasado simple When I arrived, he was talking on the phone When I saw him, he was digging a hole in his garden While my father was climbing a mountain, he fell and broke an arm While I was going home I met my brother who told me my mother was looking for me. d.- Dos o ms acciones largas que ocurren de modo simultneo y paralelo While father was cooking, mother was reading a book While the children were sleeping, the parents were watching television While Ann was playing the guitar, John was dancing and singing e.- En la narracin, el p. continuo sirve para la descripcin, mientras que el p. simple se utiliza para la accin. A wood fire was burning on the hearth, and a cat was sleeping in front of it. A girl was playing the piano and (was) singing softly for herself. Suddenly there was a knock on the door. The girl stopped playing. The cat woke up.
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PASADO - EJERCICIOS
1.- Pasado simple de to be

1.- Completa las oraciones a) Helen ........... at the cinema yesterday b) Yannis and Emma . at home c) Nick at work d) Liz and Jane at school e) Bob . at a football match f) Harry . at university g) Susan at a restaurant 2.- Haz preguntas a) Jim/at home/last night. - Was Jim at home last night? b) You / at school/on Monday? c) David/here/yesterday? d) the cinema/open/on Sunday? e) Kate and Jane/late/yesterday? f) You / in the football team/last year? g) all your f riends/at your party? h) it/hot/last week?
3.- Escribe oraciones negativas: a) Kevin and Mel / at my party->Kevin and Mel werent at my party b) Nick /in class yesterday c) It/ warm/yesterday d) Tina and Jim /late e) Etty/ on the bus f) W e /at the match yesterday g) Our teache rs /pleased with us h) I/ at the restaurant
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2.- Pasado simple. Verbos regulares e irregulares

1.- Pon los verbos en pasado simple a) My mother call___ me at 7.00. b) I w ash__ and dress__very quickly. c) I w alk___to school. d) I study__ all day at school. e) After school I w atch__ television. f) Then I play___ basketball with my friends. g) At 8.30 we finish___ the game. h) Before bedtime I telephone___ my friend. 2.- Completa con el pasado simple de los verbosdel recuadro. arrive continue finish listen pla y s tart talk w ork
My First Day at School: I remember my first day at school in 1995! I ________ at 8.30 and ________lessons at 9.00. W e ________ from 9.00 to 12.00. The teachers ________ to us a lot! Then we ________ football for an hour. In the afternoon we ________ the lessons and ________ to the teacher very carefully. Then at 3.30 the lessons ________ It was a long and tiring day! 3.-Escribe oraciones negativas: a) Our bus arrived on time b) Sue phoned last night. c) Maria finished work early yesterday. d) The train stopped at the station. e) I wanted to go to bed early. f) Carlos answered my letter. g) John invited lots of people to his party, h) The shops opened on Sunday.
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i) j)
Peter liked his new shoes The film started at 7.30
4.- Escribe yes / no questions 4b,. Escribe preguntas sobre las palabras subra yadas: a) Nick flew to the USA. b) Ana went to Italy. c) Jack found the money. d) Helen knew the answer. e) Alex gave Sue a present. f) Pat bought the flowers . g) Kate sent Mike a letter. h) Alan made the cake. i) Tina wore a hat. j) Rick felt ill. 5.- Pon los verbos entre parntesis en pasado simple : a) When (you, come) . did you come to this country? b) Jack (not wear) .................. his raincoat. c) Pat (leave) ................... his coat in the hall. d) How many pages (you, write) ............. ? e) W hat (the teacher say) ............... ? f) (you not tell) .................... us your name. g) (you, go) ..................... to the basketball match yesterday? h) Ann (not know) ................... the other girl's name. i) j) W hich books (you, take) .............. to school? (Jane, not get ) ............... any letters.
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3.- Pasado continuo

1.- Escribe oraciones sobre el dibujo. Usa las palabras del recuadro:
play football / listen to music / w rite on the board / draw pictures / use a computer / look out of the w indow / talk a) Anna was reading a book b) Paula and Jim c) Tim d) Kate and Bill e) Sam f) Ed and Lisa g) Nick h) Carol and Dora 2.- Escribe oraciones negativas: a) Anna / draw pictures. -> Anna wasnt drawing pictures b) Paula and Jim / use a computer. c) Tim / read a book. d) Kate and Bill /write on the board e) Sam / talk . f) Ed and Lisa / listening to music. g) Nick / look out of the window.
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h) Carol and Dora / play football. 3.- Formula preguntas: a. Tim/draw pictures -> Was Tim drawing pictures? b. Kate and Bill/use a computer c) Ed and Lisa/read a book d) Paula and Jim/write on the board e) Anna/talk f) Sam/listen to music g) Carol and Dora/look out of the window h) Nick/play football 4.- Completa usando pasado simple o continuo: a.- W hen she (come) ______ into the room I (write) ______ a letter b.- W hen my car (break down) _____ I (phone) _________a garage c.- W e (go) _______ down in the lift when suddenly it (stop) _____ d.- They (have) ______dinner when you (call) ____on to see them? e.- W hen the doorbell (ring) _____ I (get) up and (answer) ____ it f.- W hen I (open) ______ the door, a friend (stand) _______ there g.- W hen I (arrive) _____ back at the car park, my car wasn't there! h.- W hat you (do) ________? I (report) ______ it to the police
i.- It was midnight and I was alone in the house. Outside it (rain) _________ very hard. I (get) _________ ready to go to bed when I suddenly (hear) _________ a strange noise outside my room in the corridor. Then, when I (look) _________ at the door, I (notice) _________ that someone (turn) _________ the handle! I (rush) _________ over to the door and quickly (turn) _________ the key in the lock. Then I (ask) _________ in a trembling voice, 'W ho is it?'
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AUTOEVALUACIONES
1.- Elige la mejor respuesta. 1. I _________ very ill last week. a. was b. am c. were
2. _________ you at school this morning? a. was b. were c. are 3. She ___________ a lot for her English exam. a. study b. studyes c. studied b. goed c. went
4. We __________ to the cinema last Saturday. a. go 5. I ____________ the answer. a. knowed
b. didnt know
c. not know
6. We _________________ dinner at 9:30PM yesterday. a. was having b. were haveing c. were having
7. He _____________ a book when you phoned. a. read b. was reading c. were reading
8. The bomb exploded while they _______________ their car. a. were driving b. drove c. drived
9. In my ___________, smoking is very bad for health. a. think b. opinion c. agree c. think
10. For this __________, I never smoke. a. reason b. why
2.- Escribe el Pasado Simple de los verbos siguientes: 1. get / 2. eat/ 3. pay/ 4. make/ 5.give 6. leave 7. see 8. go/ 9. hear 10.find 11. buy 12. know 13. stand/ 14. take / 15. do 16. put 17. tell/ 18. lose/ 19.think 20. speak
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3. Completa las oraciones con el Pasado Simple de uno de los verbos siguientes: not rain be be watch finish go not smoke speak not have begin
1. I (_______________) television yesterday evening. 2. Sam (_______________) 20 cigarettes yesterday night. 3. The film last night(_______________) at 9:00PM and (_______________) at midnight. 4. The concert(_______________) excellent. 5. The children (_______________) to the zoo last week. 6. It (_______________) a lot last year in Castilla-la Mancha. 7. Did you (_______________) to Sandra last weekend? 8. We (_______________) a shower this morning because it (_______________) very cold. 4. Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando was / were ms uno de los verbos siguientes: having wearing sleeping swimming stydying playing
1. I didnt go to the cinema last night because I (_______________) 2. My family (_______________) dinner at 7:30PM. 3. Melody (_______________) at 9:00am this morning. 4. In the picture, my husband (_______________) a blue shirt. 5. The boys (_______________) in the garden all morning. 6. My husband and I (_______________) when the phone rang. 5.- Completa las siguientes oraciones con las formas en Pasado Continuo de los verbos: 1. DO What (_____Tim__________) when you saw him? 2. SING I didnt listen anything because Clare (_______________) 3. WEAR Peter(_______________) a very expensive suit yesterday. 4. COOK Marian (_______________) all morning. 5. RAIN It (_______________) when I went out. 6. LIVE In 1997 I (_______________) in Albacete.
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7. HAVE When you phoned, I (_______________) a shower. 8. RUN I met Susan while I (_______________) in the park. 9. WRITE We needed a pen because we (_______________) letters. 10. WATCH The girls (_______________) a film yesterday night at 10:00PM 6. Completa las oraciones utilizando el Pasado Simple o Pasado Continuo de los verbos: 1. FALL/RUN Ian (_______________) while he (_______________) in the park. 2. BUY/LIVE I (_______________) this dress when I (_______________) in London. 3. PHONE/CLEAN Mary (_______________) while I(_______________) the kitchen. 4. DRIVE/HAVE She (_______________) when she (_______________) the accident. 5. SIT/HEAR We(_______________) outside when we (_______________) a noise.
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TAREAS
Tarea 1
A) En esta primera tarea vas a escribir lo que hiciste ayer. Ser una especie de diario con oraciones muy simples (recuerda, sujeto + verbo + complementos) que enviars a tu tutor/a. Para facilitarte la tarea, te damos una serie de verbos que puedes utilizar. Si lo prefieres, utiliza otros que se adaptan ms a lo que hiciste. Utiliza oraciones en afirmativa y negativa. Get up Have lunch Have dinner Have breakfast Read a book Phoned my mother Work in an office Work in a factory Watch TV See my friends Go to the cinema Go to the pub
Utiliza tambin expresiones de tiempo. Aqu tienes unos ejemplos. In the morning At 7:30 / 8:30 am In the afternoon At 7:30 / 8:30 PM In the evening After lunch At night After dinner
B) Despus, escribe si el ao pasado hiciste o no hiciste estas cosas.
Buy a car
Go to Toledo
Go to the beach
Be in hospital
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Tarea 2
A continuacin vers varias fotos de diversas personas haciendo distintas actividades. Utiliza la informacin que vers en las fotografas para escribir qu estaban haciendo estas personas en el momento en el que se hizo cada fotografa. Revisa las estructuras del Pasado Continuo y utiliza este tiempo verbal.
Marcela - SHOP
They -RUN
The old man - READ
Ms Sullivan - SING
I SWIM My friends PLAY FOOTBALL
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Bloque 8. Tema 2: Directions
NDICE 1. Excuse me, sir/madam. How do I get to? 2. Preposiciones de lugar 3. Expresiones espaciales 4. Cmo dar informacin sobre trayectos y ubicacin 5.- Imperativo 6.- Autoevaluaciones 7.- Tareas
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1.1. Excuse me, sir/madam. How do I get to?

Cmo manejarse por una ciudad desconocida? Cmo guiar a alguien en ingls por tu localidad? Perdidos por la ciudad? Aprender a entender y dar indicaciones para localizar algn lugar sobre un mapa son los objetivos de esta unidad. A continuacin te presentamos un mapa del centro de Edimburgo. Como vers el punto de partida de los itinerarios es un hotel que est en Leamington Terrace. Imagina que t ests en ese hotel y quieres llegar a una Biblioteca Pblica que sabes est en la calle Queensferry (marcado en rojo en el mapa); el conserje del hotel te va a guiar con la ayuda del mapa. Lo nico que tienes que hacer es seguir el itinerario que te da y que est marcado en amarillo. Para que te entiendas mejor, nuestras aclaraciones van en negro. *Tu parte del dilogo en verde. *Las instrucciones del conserje en azul. La primera indicacin imprescindible si salimos de un edificio es el primer giro, derecha o izquierda. -Excuse me, sir. How do I get to the Public Library in Queensferry Street? -Look at the map. Go out into Leamington Terrace and turn right. Si utilizamos los puntos de referencia como los nombres de las calles facilitamos mucho el seguimiento del itinerario. -Then, take the first turning on the right, which is Gilmore Place. -Go straight ahead and turn left at
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the end, into Lothian Road. Then, go straight ahead and turn right at the end, which is Princess Street. Take the first turning on the left and then the first turning left again, into Queensferry Street. Al llegar al punto deseado es conveniente localizarlo: -The Public Library is on your right, after the first corner
SOBRE EL MISMO PLANO, VUELVES A PREGUNTARLE AL CONSERJE DEL HOTEL POR UNA DIRECCIN, en este caso ests buscando una agencia de viajes; lee este dilogo, sigue las instrucciones e intenta averiguar dnde est la agencia de viajes; tienes muchas ayudas: el nombre de la calle, mapa, etc. -Excuse me, sir. Is there any travel agency near here? -Oh yes of course; there is one in Melville Drive. -How can I get there? -Well, look at this map; we are here in Leamington Terrace; first go out into Leamington Terrace and turn left, and then left again. -Into Bruntsfield Place? -Yes, go straight ahead and when you get to Melville Drive, turn right. The travel agency is on your right, before the second crossing.
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1.2. Preposiciones de lugar

IN: (En, dentro de) The cups are in the cupboard We are in the library The cat's in the kitchen We went for a walk in the park Hes got a flat in Milan ON: (En, sobre, encima de) The saucers are on the table The computer is on the desk The calendar is on the door We have a flat on the first floor The house is on the river They live on the coast She lives on/in East Street Clothes and jewellery are ON people That sweater looks good on you. She had a ring on every finger Usamos AT con the top, the bottom, the side, the beginning and the end. Write your name at the top of the sheet We get our pay at the end of the month Usamos at con puntos de referencia, puntos en un recorrido o conceptos Our train stops at Brighton It's a large house at the corner of the street Mary is at the bus stop I live at 9 York Street She was at school Danger men at work I stayed at home yesterday
People are IN clothes Who is the man in the grey suit? Tell the woman in the blue dress to come AT: (En, junto a, en un punto) Donde ocurren las cosas: At Sarahs house, at Karachi, at the next corner The party is at Sarahs house They met at Karachi Ill be waiting at the next corner Actividades que hacemos o el lugar donde las hacemos: At a football match, at breakfast, at a restaurant, at work, at the office. We dont talk a lot at breakfast I saw Lenny at a football match We often have dinner at a restaurant Paul is at work Marys at the office
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Preposiciones de lugar y movimiento

OVER (Sobre, por encima de) The nurse leaned over the sick child He put his hands over his face We drove over a small bridge ABOVE: (Sobre, por encima de) The mirror is above the washbasin The shelf is above the desk The house was on a hill above the village BELOW (debajo de) We could see a house below us in the valley The people in the flat below are very noisy See paragraph six below NEXT TO: (Junto a) The church is near the post office Mary is near the window Middleford is near Applefield OPPOSITE (Enfrente de) The bank is opposite the post office He lives in the house opposite mine BEHIND (Detrs de) BETWEEN: (entre (dos ) The thief was hiding behind the curtains I always sit behind her in class The wardrobe is between the windows The post office is between the market and the book shop ON THE LEFT (OF) A la izquierda ON THE RIGHT (OF) A la derecha The lamp is on the left (of the table) The sofa is on the right (of the room) The desk is next to the bed There is a sofa next to the bookcase IN FRONT OF: (Delante de) There is a chair in front of the window. I cant see anything. Theres a woman with a big hat in front of me
UNDER: (debajo de) The cat's under the table Theres a sock under the bed I pushed the letter under the door
NEAR: (Cerca de)
AMONG: (entre (ms de dos) The church is among other old buildings The teacher was sitting among the students Theres a small house in the wood, among the trees
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BY / BESIDE (Junto a / al lado de) Come and sit by me / beside me My house is by / beside the river We had a day by / beside the sea
FROM / TO: (desde / hasta) We travelled from London to Rome He jumped from the wall to the ground We always walk to work They went to the pub
TOWARDS: ( hacia) Walk towards the old castle They ran towards the sea OUT OF (fuera de) Marys taking some books out of the box She came out of the room and locked the door Fish cannot live out of water Mr. Green is out of town this week ONTO / OFF: (Hacia / de) He jumped onto the horse He fainted and fell onto the floor The actor stepped onto the stage Take your feet off the table The ball rolled off the table Keep off the grass UP / DOWN: (Hacia arriba / hacia abajo) Go up the hill; look for some steps leading down to the beach She went up the stairs, then she came down again AGAINST: (Contra apoyado en) He put the ladder against the wall and started to climb. Dont lean against the door, it may open PAST: (Ms all de) He walked past the post office The driver took the bus past the traffic lights He hurried past me without stopping to speak INTO (Dentro de) Come into the house Put it into the drawer He fell into the river ALONG /ACROSS / THROUGH: (A lo largo / a travs de) They walked along the street Go along the road There are trees all along the river banks A small bridge goes across the river The cafe is just across the road We drove through the city The burglar came in through the window The road goes through the forest There's a tunnel through the mountain
(A)ROUND: (Alrededor) The train is coming round the bend The police station is just round the corner Theres a wall round the garden
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1.3. Expresiones espaciales

Las expresiones espaciales se utilizan para dar la situacin de algo. Normalmente comienzan con una de las preposiciones que hemos visto en el punto anterior. Veamos unos ejemplos: Ej.1: The children are playing in the garden Ej.2: We went for a walk in the park last Sunday afternoon Ej.3: Peter and Mary live in Almansa Ej.4: I spent my holiday in Edinburgh last year Ej.5: My mother is always in the kitchen Ej.6: Sharon is at the beach Ej.7: My daughter is at school in the morning Ej.8: My family is normally at home at weekends En cuanto a su posicin en la oracin, la s e xp re sio n e s e sp a c ia le s (a d ve rb io s d e lu ga r) se suelen poner al final de la misma, sin embargo, si hay una expresin de tiempo, sta es la que se pone al final. Como ves, estas expresiones espaciales indican dnde est ocurriendo la accin. Por ello, cumplen la funcin de complemento (de lugar). EJERCICIOS.- PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR Y MOVIMIENTO 1.- Pon IN / ON 1. .. a bath 2. a roof 3. a tree 4. a table 5. a cup 2.-PON UNA PALABRA DEL RECUADRO CON IN / ON Childrens stories her first finger my diary the office the roof of the car the cupboard a little village his T-shirt pocket a piece of paper the wall your car EJEMPLO: In childrens stories animals talk 1. Are you free next Tuesday? Just a minute. Ill look
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6. . her arm 7. . a plate 8. . your head 9. . a door
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2. Is Sandra ............... today? 3. She had a wonderful diamond ring ....................... 4. Wheres the salt? .................... 5. The cat likes to sleep ................................. 6. Dont leave your keys .................... when you get out 7. ............... it said Aberdeen University Football Club 8. She had pictures of pop singers .................. in her room 9. They live .............. near Belfast. 10. I wrote her address ......................... and put it ............. 3.- PON AT CON PALABRAS DE RECUADRO A restaurant / a theatre / breakfast / the cinema / work / the party / the station Example: Paul crashed his car because he didnt stop at the traffic lights 1. Are there any good films this week? 2. Her train was terribly late I spent hours 3. Will you be . at Mikes house on Saturday 4. We had a really good meal in Park Street last night 5. I saw my first Shakespeare play in a small town in Ireland 6. The boss doesnt let us take personal phone calls . 7. Helen never says anything . Because shes still asleep. 4.- ELIGE LA PREPOSICIN ADECUADA 1. I usually sit behind, by, in front of a window in class, so I can look out 2. There was a bird flying above, against, opposite the trees 3. They live in a beautiful old house above, by, under the river 4. There is a big clock above, against, between the door of the station 5. I sat down above, behind, by Mary and looked into her eyes 6. You can park your car against, behind, between the house 7. Ill meet you at the station against, under, between the clock 8. I didnt want the door to move, so I put a chair against, above, near it 5.- COMPLETA CON LA PREPOSICIN ADECUADA: against between in front of near (x2) under behind opposite
1. She put the money at the bottom of her suitcase, . her clothes
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2. Our house is .......... a bank and a supermarket, and . the police station 3. Please dont put your bicycle . our wall 4. Sorry were late we were driving .. a slow bus all the way 5. I work in a small town .. Birmingham 6. I couldnt see anything because there was a tall man .. me We have lunch in a caf the school, about five minutes walk away.
1.4. Cmo dar informacin sobre trayectos y ubicacin

Ahora que ya hemos practicado con la comprensin de los itinerarios vamos a trabajar sobre la preparacin de algunos. Reunimos en este apartado el vocabulario y los elementos gramaticales que se usan para expresar los itinerarios en ingls. La manera ms sencilla y comn de indicar las direcciones consiste en usar el Imperativo de los verbos go, turn y take Podemos mejorar y hacer ms comprensible nuestro itinerario con algunos complementos que especifican la informacin. Veamos algunos ejemplos:
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A.-) Puedes especificar en qu momento hacer el giro (la primera calle) y aadir la calle a la que llegas: Take the first turning on the left into Queensferry Street (Gira la primera a la derecha, la calle Queensferry) B.-) Puedes indicar el sentido del giro y explicar que se hace cuando uno llega a la calle que damos de referencia: turn right when you get to Melville Road (Gira a la derecha cuando llegues a Melville Road) C.-) Puedes indicar que se siga recto hasta el final: Go straight ahead to the end (Sigue recto de frente hasta el final) D.-) O bien, puedes indicar que se siga recto hasta llegar a un punto determinado: Go straight ahead until the traffic lights (Sigue de frente hasta el semforo) E.-) Por ltimo recordar que para localizar el punto de llegada utilizamos el presente simple del verbo to be. Podemos completar esta informacin de llegada con after (despus) y before (antes), indicando alguna esquina de referencia. Veamos un ejemplo: The bank is on your left after the second corner (El banco est a tu izquierda despus de la segunda esquina / calle) The reception centre is at the end in front of you (El centro de acogida est al final, frente a ti)
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F.-)
En los itinerarios por carretera utilizamos tambin estas expresiones; lo
nico que hacemos es cambiar street por road (carretera) o crossing (cruce), como puedes ver en el siguiente ejemplo tomado del folleto de Strainford: Take the N432 Road to Weasly, then go straight ahead Hill Newbury Bridge and turn left into the NR 238; when you arrive to Stringfield Hill turn left into the NR 145 and go straight ahead for about 10 kilometres; take the second crossing on the right and you arrive to Strainford
IMPERATIVO
Funciones: Podemos usarlo para muchas funciones diferentes:
Dar rdenes stop come into our car open the door! close the door Come down
Hacer ruegos o peticiones please, help me with these bags ring the bell, please open the door, please
Sugerencias tell your boss you cant work late today
Hacer ofrecimientos have some more coffee have some wine
Advertencias mind your head beware of the dog mind yourself look out! be careful!
FORMA: infinitivo sin to: Come on, open the door! Come into our car Come down have some wine Ring the bell, please look out!
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Negativa: do not / dont don't open the window, I'm cold don't disturb don't wait for me don't feed the animals
DO como refuerzo. Por nfasis (por ejemplo para ser educados o para expresar impaciencia) Do sit down Do stop making that noise
Do phone me when you get home
No lleva sujeto. A veces lo ponemos para dejar claro a quin nos dirigimos. Andrew shut the doo, please Sit down, everybody. Have some more coffee, Kate.
EJERCICIOS IMPERATIVO
1.- Completa las instrucciones del profesor. Usa estos verbos y dont cuando sea necesario. A veces es posible utilizar varios verbos answer make find close go come learn disturb listen speak open stand play talk read work close your books 11 this game. 12. the missing words. 13.to the cassette. 14..down. 15.up. 16. these new words. 17.the other pupils. 18 two teams. 19. English. 20.so much noise. eat sit look write
dont talk in class 1. in pairs
2 your books at page 17 3 sweets in class 4. at your neighbours book 5 with a partner 6. to the blackboard 7. sentences with these words 8.out of the window. 9. the questions. 10 down the answer.
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2.- Escribe una instruccin para cada situacin . Usa estos verbos: close come stop open sit lend take turn off
a) Your child is reading in bed late at night. You say to him: Turn off the ligh b) A man's dog is running away. The man shouts at the dog: c) Its the first class of the day. The students have their books on their tables. The
teacher says:
d) The front door of the house is open. The father says to his son: e) Lots of students are standing up in a class. The teacher says: f) You need to borrow a pen. You say to your friend: g) You are talking to your friend in class. The teacher says: h) Your friend asks where the disco is. You know it's in the next street on the left.
You say: 3.- Escribe lo contrario Stand up! Sit down Turn on the light! Open the window! Pull the door! Go away! Start work! Go to sleep! Get off the bus!
4.- Escribe una palabra en cada espacio a) Please sit down. I want to begin the lesson. b) I want you to stay. c) me a pencil, please. I've broken mine. d) I don't want to talk to you! Please away . e) this one. It's not very expensive. f) It's easy to find. along this road, and then turn left. g) here. I want to have a word with you. h) the front of the oven! It's hot, and you'll burn yourself. i) Using the Easy writer is easy. Just it on, and it's ready. j) for me. I'll be a long time.
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AUTOEVALUACIONES
Autoevaluacin 1
Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y los sabes poner en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 7 preguntas, eligiendo entre tres posibilidades. 1. Im sorry, Jenny is not a. in 2. We love swimming a. in 3. She lives a. in 4. I didnt see my bag because it was a. on 5. Look! The book is right a. in front of b. under you. b. behind c. opposite straight ahead. c. going home. Please call later. b. on the sea. b. on c. at Fleet Street, I cant remember the number now. b. on c. at the bed. c. above c. at
6. If you want to go to the Library, just a. turn 7. Then, take the third a. going b. go on your right. b. turn
c. turning
Autoevaluacin 2
1. En qu color est marcada la agencia de viajes en el mapa de Edimburgo? a. Morado b. Azul c. Negro
2. Completa las frases con AT, IN, ON. 1. Wheres Martin? Hes ( 2. There was a big sofa ( 3. There are several houses ( 4. My brother is studying ( 5. Bristol is a city ( 6. Will you be ( ) work ) the living room. ) the river. ) university in Talavera. ) England. ) home tomorrow night?
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7. The TV set is ( 8. Susan is on holiday ( 9. Clare is (
) the table. ) the beach. ) hospital. She had an operation two days ago. ) Belmonte.
10. Where does your sister live? (
3. Nueve personas viven en el mismo edificio. Mira el esquema y completa las frases con ABOVE, BELOW, NEXT TO, BETWEEN, NEAR, IN.
2nd floor 1st floor Ground floor
Stuart Kate Jane
Marian Charles Susan
Ben Peter John
1. Charles lives ( 2. John lives ( 3. Marian lives ( 4. Ben lives ( 5. Kate lives ( 6. Jane lives ( 7. Susan lives ( 8. Stuart lives ( 9. Peter lives (
) Kate and Peter. _) the ground floor. ) Stuart and Ben. ) Marian. ) Janet. ) John. ) Marian and Charles. ) Marian. ) John and( ) Ben.
4. Completa las oraciones del ejercicio con una expresin espacial de la tabla que tendrs que completar con una de las preposiciones que hemos aprendido. New York the kitchen the table home school you the left the sea level the Post Office two big trees 1. People in Britain drive ( 2. The painting is ( 3. The bookshop is ( 4. The children are not ( 5. Sharon and Paul travelled to ( 6. The house is ( 7. The food is ( 8. Its raining and Im staying ( ) )
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9. Amsterdam is ( 10. The girl (
) ) is my best friend.
6. Completa el siguiente recorrido para que est completo el itinerario entre la librera y el castillo (Castle). (La librera es el cuadrado de color lila) Go out of the bookshop and ( ) right, then turn ( ) again into Shandwick
Place, then go straight ahead, which is (________), and take the ( ) turning on the right, then straight ahead and turn (__________) when you get to the Royal Mile; the Castle is ( ), at the ( ______) of the Royal Mile.
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TAREAS
Tarea 1
En esta primera tarea vas a describir dnde se encuentran algunos objetos en las fotos. Para ello, mira atentamente las fotos y localiza los objetos que se te indican.
My office chair carpet orange flower screen window computer bed slippers pillows
My bedroom Mirror telephone lamp
Describe su posicin con respecto a otras cosas y utilizando las preposiciones que hemos visto en la unidad. AT IN ON UNDER ABOVE BELOW IN FRONT OF BEHIND BETWEEN AMONG NEXT TO NEAR
Busca en un diccionario las palabras que no conozcas
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Tarea 2
A continuacin vers de nuevo el mapa de Edimburgo que nos ha acompaado a lo largo de toda la unidad. En esta actividad tendrs que escribir el itinerario desde el hotel de referencia hasta Waverley Station, la estacin de tren, que est el marcada mapa, a de la
amarillo
en
derecha del castillo (Castle). Repasa bien las indicaciones de la unidad y escribe tu itinerario. No tienes por qu hacer el itinerario ms corto, sino un itinerario correcto, sea el que sea. Escribe tu ruta en un documento como ste y envaselo a tu tutor/a para que lo corrija.
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Bloque 9. Tema 1:Regulations

NDICE
1. Pub Regulations 2. Expresin de la obligacin y la prohibicin MUST - HAVE TO - DONT HAVE TO - MUSTNT 3. Cuantificadores: SOME, ANY, NO / MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF 4. Autoevaluaciones 5. Tareas
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1. Pub Regulations
En esta unidad vamos a conocer algunas de las normas britnicas relativas a pubs (public houses). Lee el siguiente texto con atencin: Age Restrictions In Britain, if you want to go to a pub, you dont have to be over 18 years old. You can go to a pub with the permission of the owner. However, to buy or consume alcohol in a pub you have to be at least 18 years old. Some city pubs, clubs and bars, set their own entry age, usually 21 years old. Under 16s can go into pubs (with the permission of the manager) but they have to be with an adult (a person at least 18 years old). 16 and 17 year olds can drink alcohol (beer, cider or wine) with a table meal and of course, they have to be accompanied by an adult. Only the adult can buy alcohol. Under age people mustnt buy alcohol, it is illegal Drunkenness People who are drunk mustnt buy alcohol. The pub mustnt sell alcohol to them. It is also illegal to drink alcohol is some designated areas, such as city centres.
Drink Driving It is well known that drivers Britain mustnt drink alcohol. Most people do not drink any alcohol if they are driving. Some pubs offer free, non-alcoholic drinks to designated drivers. Smoking Since July 1st 2007, you mustnt smoke in any pubs, bars or restaurants. Some pubs have special smoking areas outside which have to meet strict guidelines on enclosures. People under 18 mustnt buy tobacco and people under 16 mustnt smoke, it is illegal too.
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2. Expresin de la obligacin y la prohibicin

MUST (obligacin interna o subjetiva) (tener que)
FORMA: must + infinitivo sin 'to' Affirmativa: obligacion: tener que, estar obligado a I must phone home Arthur must wear a tie in the library Mary must be early for work Must / have to Usamos must cuando la obligacin proviene de la autoridad del que habla, o de una conviccin interna de quien habla: You must be home by ten oclock (I insist) You must drive carefully (I insist) Ive got a terrible pain in my back. I must go and see the doctor (I think its necessary) I must stop smoking
HAVE TO (obligacin externa, obligacin objetiva)

Usamos have to cuando la obligacin proviene de una autoridad o una circunstancia externa al hablante: I have to be home by 10 oclock (my parents insist) I have to go and see the doctor at 9.00 tomorrow. (Ive got an appointment) You have to drive on the left in Britain (that is the law) You have to throw your cigarette away before you get into the supermarket Must solo tiene sentido de presente o futuro. Para el resto de tiempos tenemos que utilizar las formas de have to I had to work late yesterday Ill have to go to Madrid tomorrow She hates having to get up early She has had to work hard all her life En la forma interrogativa y negativa de have to, utilizamos do/does (not) para el presente y did (not) para el pasado;
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What time do you have to start work? Does she have to wear a uniform at work? Did you have to walk home last night? I dont have to work in the morning She doesnt have to go home before six They didnt have to wear a uniform at school Interrogativa de must Must you go now? Must I answer the phone? Must Bruce pay the bill? Negativa. Must not -> mustnt: prohibicin (obligacin de no hacer) You must not (mustn't) open the door Waiters mustn't smoke at work She mustn't stay there You mustn't wear pyjamas in class You mustn't drive a car without a licence
Mustnt / Dont have to (You mustnt do anything / You dont have to do anything)
You must keep a secret. You mustnt tell anyone I promised to be on time. I mustnt be late You can tell me if you want, but you dont have to tell me Im not working tomorrow. I dont have to get up early
EJERCICIOS 1.- Pon must or mustn't. Ejemplo Trig, you mustnt squirt your w ater pistol at people. It's a secret. You ___________ tell Jenny or Amanda. 1. Dad's asleep. W e___________ be quiet. 2. Nick, you___________ spend all your pocket money at once. 3. W e___________ write to Grandmother. It's her birthda y tomorrow. 4. I___________ forget my homework again. The teacher gets angry.
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5. You___________ eat so much, Trig. You are too fat. 6. Chip, you___________ chase Fluff. She's a sweet little cat. 7. You really___________ tidy your room, Nick. I can't open the door! 8. Chip, you________________ tear the postman's trousers. 9. It's six o'clock. I_______________ go home now, Jenny. 10. Nick, you___________ say 'Shut up' to adults. 11. Trig, you___________ learn some new English words every day. 12. You're dirty. You really ___________ have a bath! 2.- Use have to or don't have to and a w ord from the box to make correct sentences. hold drink w ork repair photograph do store exercise w ash w ear sleep
There's no gravity in space. Astronauts have to hold special handles to stay upright. 1. They _______________________ in sleeping bags on the walls 2. They _______________________ things in special cupboards. 3. They _______________________ to keep fit and healthy. 4. They _______________________ their drinks through tubes. 5. They _____________ ___ inside a big plastic bag to keep clean. 6. W hen astronauts are inside the ship, they ______________ _____________ their spacesuits. 7. Sometimes there are problems and they ________________ ___________ damage outside the spaceship 8. Astronauts ______________ scientific experiments while in space 9. They also _______________ _________ the stars and planets with special cameras 10. But they________________ ________ all the time. Sometimes
they relax and have fun. 3.- Pon las formas negativas: doesn't have to, don't h ave to, didn't have to or w on't have to. Ejemplo: Nick and Tom w ent to a football match yesterda y. The y had free tickets, so they didn't have to pay 1 Children in England ___________________ go to school on Saturdays. 2 Trig doesn't go to school, so he ______ ___________ get up early.
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3 Amanda has passed her piano exam, so she _________________ take it again next year. 4 Mr Bell ___________________ work on Saturdays.
5 Yesterday Mrs Bell took the children to school by car, so they __________ ________________ walk in the rain. 6 Nick has already cleaned his bicycle, so he ___________ ________ do it tomorrow 7 In the History test yesterday, we ___________________ answer all the questions. Only three of them. 8 Jenny and Nick _____________ go to bed early at the weekends. 9 The bus came on time, so we _______________________ wait long at the bus stop. 10 In some countries children ______________________ go to school until they are six or seven. 11Nick has just cut his finger, but it isn't serious, so he __________ __________________ go to hospital. 12 W e read a very long poem in English yesterday. I I'm glad we ____________ _______________ learn it by heart. 4. - Completa con la forma correcta de MUST o HAVE TO. 1 . He had to.. take an earlier flight. The later one w as full. 2. I ______________ go shopping yesterday. There was no food in the house. 3. I ______________ try and eat less sugar. I'm having trouble with my teeth. 4. Jim______________ see the dentist on Friday. He doesn't receive patients on W ednesdays and Thursdays. 5. I ______________ put on sunscreen lotion when I'm out in the sun. 6. The prime minister ______________ resign. He's involved in too many scandals. 7. W orkers in this factory ______________ wear hard hats. 8. W e ______________ leave now if we dont want to be late. 9. W e ______________ go to bed early tonight. W e are leaving at 5.30 tomorrow morning. 10.You ______________ send her flowers, even if you can't go to her party. 11.Athletes ______________ be fit.
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12.Policemen ______________ wear uniforms. 13.I think you ______________ study harder for your exams 14.In my school, you ______________ be in class before the teacher arrives 5.- Completa con la forma correcta de MUSTN'T o DON'T HAVE TO. 1. Pupils ______________ attend the game. It's optional. 2. You ______________ leave knives in place s where babies can get them. 3. W e ______________ bring sandwiches. Food will be provided. 4. You______________ play with the knife! You'll cut yourself. 5. You ______________ rush. W e've got plenty of time. 6. W e______________ allow the killing of tigers to continue . 7. If the snow continues, you ______________ go to school tomorrow. 8. She ______________ worry. I'll pick up her luggage. 9. I ______________ pay the telephone bill until next week. 10.People______________ smoke in non -smoking areas. 11.You ______________ drive on the right in Britain. 12.I start work at 6 p.m. I ______________ get up early
3. CUANTIFICADORES
Repasemos antes de empezar los sustantivos contables e incontables. a. Sustantivos contables se refieren a aquellas cosas que podemos contar de forma unitaria: tables, oranges, hours, people, houses, etc. b. Sustantivos incontables son los que no podemos contar de forma unitaria, y por ello los tenemos que dividir en unidades ms pequeas para poderlos contar: - el tiempo cronolgico ( t i m e ) lo dividimos en years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, tec. for hours - el dinero (money) lo dividimos en monedas segn el pas: euros, dollars, yens, etc. We dont say I have got two moneys, sino I have got two euros. - los lquidos ( l i q u i d s ) los dividimos en litres, glasses, etc. Podemos decir give me a beer o Im drinking a tea. Pero nos referimos a un vaso de cerveza o una taza de te. No decimos: I waited for times sino: I waited
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3.1. SOME, ANY, NO

SOME y ANY son cuantificadores que se utilizan para indicar cantidades indeterminadas, es decir, que no podemos medir sino decir de forma aproximada (algo de, algunos, algunas, etc.). Van siempre delante de los sustantivos a los que acompaan, ya sean contables o incontables.
SOME: ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
Nombres contables en plural (algunos) There are some good restaurants in London We have got some very good cigarettes There are some glasses on the table The waiter has some cups on his tray I can see some cars in the street
Nombres no contables (algo de) There is some milk in the jug I have some beer I need some money They have some wine on the table
Interrogativas: Cuando no es realmente una pregunta, sino que estamos ofreciendo o pidiendo algo y pensamos o queremos que la respuesta sea positiva
Would you like some water? Do you need some time to think Could I have some brown rice, please?
Can I have some more tea? Have you got some glasses you could lend me? Would you like some more beer?
ANY: ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS
Nombres constables en plural (algunos) Have you got any matches? Are there any students in the class? Has Mr. Steele got any books on his
Nombres no constables (algo de) Have you got any ice? Is there any coffee in the cup? Has she got any money? Have they got any bread?
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desk? Are there any potatoes in the kitchen?
Is there any wine in the bottle?
NOT ANY / NO: ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Nombres constables en plural (ningn / ninguna) There are NOT ANY spoons on the table Tthere are NO spoons on the table Mrs. Harrison hasn't any biscuits / Mrs. Harrison has no biscuits
Nombres no constables (nada de) Arthur hasN'T ANY orange squash Arthur has NO orange squash Mrs. Harrison hasn't any food for Arthur Mrs. Harrison has no food There isn't any tea
Mary hasn't any vegetables / Mary has There is no tea no vegetables
3.2 MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF

Siguiendo en la lnea de lo que comentbamos al principio sobre sustantivos contables e incontables, veremos ahora el uso de estos tres cuantificadores, que sirven para indicar una cantidad grande pero indeterminada de algo, es decir mucho, muchos, muchas, etc.
HOW MANY? (Cuntos / cuntas?) + n. contables en plural
How many stops are there between Middleford and Applefield? How many people can you see in the street? How many friends have you got?
HOW MUCH? (Cunto / cunta) + n. no contables
How much money have you got for the weekend? How much milk is there in the fridge? How much ice-cream is there on the table? How much is it?
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MANY (muchos / muchas) + n. contables en plural. Lo usamos principalmente en oraciones interrogativas y negativas, a veces en afirmativa, pero es ms habitual usar a lot of Are there many cars on the road? Have you got many records? Are there many girls on the beach? There are not many houses in Applefield I haven't got many brothers or sisters I haven't got many cigarettes I have got many friends Many people drive too fast MUCH (mucho / mucha) + n. no contables Lo usamos principalmente en oraciones interrogativas y negativas Is there much brandy in your glass? Do you drink much coffee? Is there much sugar in the shop? Mrs. Harrison isn't making much tea I haven't got much time to lose There isn't much food for Arthur at home tonight
A LOT OF (LOTS OF) (muchos / muchas) + n. contables en plural // (mucho / mucha) + n. no contables Affirmativa There are a lot of (lots of) people in Jennifer's birthday party There are a lot of (lots of) empty seats in this compartment There is a lot of (lots of) room in this train There is a lot of sand in the beach There is a lot of rain in England
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Interrogativa Are there a lot of forks on the table? Have you got a lot of students in your class? Is there a lot of water in the bottle? Has Bruce got a lot of money? Negativa There aren't a lot of letters in the post this morning There aren't a lot of books on the shelf Mary doesn't want a lot of sugar in her tea We never drink a lot of whisky
EXERCISES: SOME, ANY, NO

1.- Pon SOME o ANY en los espacios en blanco . 1 Im going to buy .some.. eggs. 2 They didn't make ..any.... mistakes. 3 I can pay. I've got . money. 4 There aren't shops in this part of the town. 5 George and Alice haven't got. children. 6 Have you got. brothers or sisters? 7 There are . beautiful flowers in the garden. 8 Are there . letters for me this morning? 9 I havent got . stamps but Ann's got . 10 Do you know. good hotels in London? 11 W ould you like . tea?' 'Yes, please.' 12 Don't buy . rice. W eve got . 13 W e haven't got . bread, so I'm going out to buy. 14 W hen we were on holiday, we visited . very interesting places.
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15 I went out to buy . milk but they didn't have. in the shop. 16 Im thirsty. Can I have . water, please? 2.- Pon NO o ANY. 1. There aren't . good hotels here. 2. There are. buses today. 3. I didn't write. letters last night. 4. There are. shops in this part of the town. 5. She can't speak . foreign languages. 6. Don't buy . food. W e don't need . 7. My brother is married but he's got . children. 8. I'm afraid there's . coffee. Would you like some tea? 9. 'Look at those birds!' 10. 'Birds? W here? I can't see . birds. The man asked me for money but I didn't give him .
3.- Completa con: A LOT/ A LOT OF / MUCH / MANY 1 Do you drink. tea? 2 I like reading. I've got . books. 3 There isn't. milk in the fridge. 4 It costs . money to travel round the world. 5 Please be quick! I haven't got . time. 6 How. foreign languages can you speak? 7 They didn't ask me. questions. 8 There was . food a t the party but I didn't eat . 9 W e saw ......... . interesting things in the museum. 10 George knows ..... .. about economics. 11 W e went on a cheap holiday. It didn't cost. 12 13 14 Did you enjoy the party?' 'No, not . ' Most of the town is m odern there aren't.. old buildings. Most people in the town have jobs there isn't.
unemployment.
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4.-Write questions w ith HOW MUCH / HOW MANY 1.- I took some photographs. -> How many photographs did you take? 2.- I bought some stamps -> 3.- I lost some money. -> 4.- I drank some water. -> 5.- I made some mistakes ->. 6.- I wrote some letters. -> 7.- I bought some food. -> 8.- I invited some people. ->
5- Complete the sentences using MUCH, MANY, A LOT (OF). Example: There are so many jobs to do today and we haven't got much/a lot of time. 1 I know ... people in London 2 W e havent got ... coffee left, 3 He earns... money in his job. 4 She's got... classical music records. 6 W e didnt have ... wine with our meal 7 Have we got ... potatoes left? 8 How ... money did you spend on holiday? 9 I didn't enjoy the party on Saturday very ... There were too ... people there, and there wasn't . food or drink, so ever ybody was hungry and thirsty.
Autoevaluaciones
Autoevaluacin 1
Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y los sabes poner en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas, eligiendo entre tres posibilidades. 1. In England, if you are drunk, you a. dont have to 2. I am very excited, I a. have to b. must b. mustnt buy alcohol. c. must calm down. c. mustnt
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3. She made a terrible mistake. Now, she a. must tell 4. We a. must to do 5. My sister a. has to go 6. You a. must 7. Tomorrow its Sunday, I a. dont have to b. must b. musts tell our homework this evening. b. must doing
the truth. c. must tells
c. must do
go to the doctor, but she doesnt want to. b. have to goes c. must to go c. mustnt work c. mustnt biscuits? c. some
smoke in public buildings, such as school. b. dont have to
8. You look very hungry. Do you want a. no 9. I dont have a. no 10. There is a a. many b. much
children at the moment. b. much c. any
snow in the street. b. much c. lot of
Autoevaluacin 2
1. Lee el texto y di si las siguientes preguntas son verdaderas (TRUE) o falsas (FALSE) 1. People under 21 mustnt go to some pubs in Britain. 2. People under 16 mustnt go to pubs. There are no exceptions. 3. 16 and 17 year olds mustnt drink some beer when they are having a meal. 4. People who are drunk can buy alcohol. 5. People mustnt drink alcohol in city centres. 6. If you are driving, you mustnt drink alcohol. 7. In Britain you mustnt smoke inside pubs. 8. 17 and 18 years old mustnt buy tobacco, but they can smoke. 2. Completa las frases con MUST y uno de los verbos de la tabla. ask lose wear tell phone visit 1. You (________) a cap to go swimming. 2. Sharon is angry with you. You ( 3. I am a bit fat. I ( )weight.
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) her
and say sorry.
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4. Our grandparents are very lonely. We ( 5. You saw the accident and now you ( 6. I want to go to the concert, but I (
) them. ) the truth to the police. )for permission first.
3. Relaciona estas imgenes con algunas de las normas sobre edad que existen en Gran Bretaa. 1. People have to be 21 to be elected for the European Parliament. 2. You can work hours a week from the age of 13. 3. You have to be at least 17 years old to give blood. 4. Children over 5 have to pay a childs ticket on most buses. 5. You have to be 18 to borrow money from a bank. 6. Teenagers have to be at school until they are 16.
4. Rellenar el hueco con la forma correcta de la expresin de obligacin HAVE TO. Presta especial atencin al sujeto de la oracin y al tiempo verbal (para ello, mira las expresiones de tiempo y otros verbos en la oracin). 1. If you want to lose weight, you ( 2. You ( 3. Yesterday I ( 4. We ( we wanted. 5. You ( 6. Peter ( 7. Your parents ( 8. Sally ( ) bring your passport or they won't let you on the plane. ) get up early tomorrow because its Sunday ) come if they don't want to. ) take life more seriously. She is always having fun. ) make it yourself.
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) eat more vegetables and fruit.
) come to Johns birthday party if you don't want to. ) put on my coat because it was very cold. ) wear a uniform at school. We could wear the clothes
9. Orange juice in cartons isnt good. You (
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10. Last week we ( important meeting there.
) fly to London because there was an
5. Responde a las siguientes preguntas: Escucha una entrevista a una persona que describe qu tiene y no tiene que hacer en su trabajo. Hars un par de actividades sobre este listening. (Descarga el recurso bloque9_tema1_audio1) 1. Where is Pauls company?: a. Scotland b. The U.S.A. c. England
2. What is Pauls job? a. Personal assistant b. Computer engineer c. Bank manager 3. What time does he start working? a. 8 oclock b. 9 oclock c. 5 oclock 6. Ahora vamos a intentar comprender cules son las obligaciones que tiene Paul en su trabajo. Vuelve a escuchar el dilogo de la pregunta anterior y completa el siguiente cuadro marcando el casillero correcto: Paul answer phone calls type letters wear a uniform wear elegant clothes go with his boss to has to doesnt have to
meetings work many hours a day 7. Completa las frases con MUSTNT y uno de los verbos de la tabla. Be Tell 1. I am very busy. I ( eat smoke go use
_) to the cinema tonight. ) anyone. ) here. ) sweets. ) late.
2. This secret is very important. You ( 3. This is a public building. You ( 4. You are diabetic. You (
5. This interview is very important. You ( 6. You ( ) my car.
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8. Mira las siguientes imgenes e indica qu est prohibido utilizando MUSTNT. Como son prohibiciones generales, utiliza YOU como sujeto. En el recuadro tienes el vocabulario necesario. bring pets / drink this water / eat snacks or food / overtake other cars / park your car here / speak loudly / take photographs / turn right
3 1 2
9. Rellena con la palabra adecuada: 1. I have ( 2. ( ) photos of our holiday in Ireland. ) people wanted to come to your party. ) cake? ) information about your sister. ) money to give you. ) flowers. ) brothers or sisters.
3. Do you want ( 4. Sorry, I dont have ( 5. Sorry, I have ( 6. Look, I brought you (
7. Mary is a lone child. She has ( 8. Do you have ( 9. Oh, I dont have ( breakfast. 10. Rellena con la palabra adecuada: 1. I have ( 2. There were ( 3. I dont have ( 4. Sam bought ( 5. She doesnt have ( ) questions?
) milk and I must have(
) brothers and sisters. I have 3 brothers and 5 sisters. ) people at your party. ) information about the exam. ) milk. Do you want some? ) time, so please be quick.
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6. We had ( any lunch.
) cereal this morning for breakfast. We dont want
7. If you want to lose weight, you have to eat ( 8. ( ) children have to work at a very early age.
) vegetables.
9. When I am famous, I am going to earn (
) money.
10. There isnt ( _________________) hot water, so have a quick shower
Tarea final
Te has decidido a cambiar un aspecto importante de tu vida y vas a pensar en a. lo que debes hacer para cambiar tu situacin lo expresas con MUST b. lo que no debes hacer lo expresas con MUSTNT c. lo que no ests obligado a hacer lo expresas con DONT HAVE TO.
Pass your exams
Learn to swim
Lose weight
Get your driving licence Stop drinking
Buy a flat
Puedes empezar as To pass my exams, To lose weight, To stop drinking, To get my driving licence, To learn to swim, To buy a flat, I MUST MUSTNT DONT HAVE TO To pass my exams I must study a lot, I musnt I dont have to
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CEPA E.

Mdulo III- ESPAD

Mdulo III ESPAD

CEPA E. Tierno Galvn

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Bloque 7. Tema 1:LONDON

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2. Repaso del Presente Simple y Presente Continuo

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b.- verbos terminados en consonante + y -> ies

Verbos terminados en vocal + y siguen la regla general

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Short answers: Yes, I / You / We / They do No, I / you / we / they dont

Preguntas en las que el interrogativo no es sujeto:

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I am always at home at lunchtime Arthur is usually late for work

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Cuando hay dos verbos, lo colocamos entre el auxiliar y el principal

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1.- PRESENT SIMPLE.- EXERCISES 1.- Write the he/she/it forms

Catch push buy

come read carry

drink run enjoy

fix smoke fry

Live wish study try

2.- Circle the correct answer

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PRESENTE CONTINUO: FORMA: presente de 'to be' + - ing form

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Go ...................Live ................. Play

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3. Adjetivos y pronombres demostrativos

THESE estos / estas