AVIATION INDUSTRY: HISTORY: The field of Aviation has been investigated for millennium but modern Aviation began

with the first powered flight on 16 The December 1903 by the WRIGHT BROTHERS. From thereon, Aviation has grown to be one of the most existing, diverse and fast growing field of today.From the hot air balloons of 18 th century to the first maned machine to the moon onApollo 11 to the new and exiting air craft being developed by the companies like Boeing,Airbus and Bombardier, aero space has come a long way over a century.Way back centuries, people started thinking of ways to fly in the Greek legend, Icarus andhis father Daedal ,built wings of features and wax and flew out with a person, Icarus flewclose to the Sun, the wax melted and he fell in the Sea and drowned .One of the earliest Scientist to aeronautics was LEANARDO DA VINCI. LeonardoStudied flights of birds in developing engineers schematics for some of the earliest flyingmachines in the last 15 Th century A.D; these schematics failed as practical aircraft.The Aerospace and Defense industry was struggling to maintain profitability evenbefore Sep 2001, and fears of further terrorism, the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and aweak economy combined to devastate the commercial aerospace industry over theensuring years.On the other hand the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq bolstered the coffers of many defensecompanies; belt tightening may be on the way.The mother of all defense deals occurred in 2001 When Lockheed beat out Boeingfor the $200 Billion joint strike fighter contract, the largest defense contract ever. Spreadout almost 30 years, it may be the last deal for drones (as evidence in Afghanistan with theuse of general atomics predator) it expected to continue supplanting the need for the moreexpensive manned aircraft and making it unnecessary to risk pilots lives in combat. In theinterim, the soaring costs in Iraq have also put a damper on some other major projects.In 2004 the US army cancelled the planned $40 billion apache reconnaissanceHelicopter program; early in 2005 there was talk of scaling back the F/A-22 Raptor programand of reducing the number of c130J aircraft on order. A desire to be smart, fast, andmobile has replaced the more and bigger doctrine of the cold war.To the end several companies including Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grummanand General Dynamics have invested in hardware and software companies that focus onGovernment Customers.The top defence contractors are Lockheed Martin, Boeing Northrop Grumman,and BAE systems, Raytheon, GENERAL Dynamics, and EADS. On the commercial side, airlines- by far the biggest customers in the sector have lostBillions since 2001.

By way of illustration, the top nine airlines lost$10 billion in 2002, almost $6 billion in 2003,and about $4 billion in 2004 and both UAL (the parent of United Airlines) and US AIRWAYShave filed for bankruptcy protection.As mentioned previously, September 11 and subsequent travel fears dealt a devastatingblow to a commercial aircraft market that was already reeling from a market slow down.That market, which accounts for about 40% of aerospace and defence industry spending, isdivided in to our segments: - Large Commercial Aircraft (planes of 100 seats and more) Maintenance repair and Overhaul (MRO), HAL Aircraft division Jet engines and business Regional aircraft (less than 100 seats)In 2001, Boeing and Airbus, the worlds only large commercial aircraft market,saw market plummet by 45% and 28% respectively.Airbus recently surpassed Boeing in orders, but the formers 2002 deliver dropped7% from 2001.Boeing meanwhile experienced a staggering 28% decline in deliveries from2001.AS a result of the drastic fall-off in business, Boeing cut about 30000 jobs or roughly30% of it commercial aircraft workforce in 2002.Aircraft orders picked up in 2003 and 2004 as Boeing an airbus continued toduke it out for airline orders. Boeing is working on its long-range, fuel-efficient, mid-sized,7E7 Dream Liner (due in 2008), 550-passenger behemoth. Airbus then upped the ante byannouncing that it would build the A530 (due in 2010) to compete directly with Boeing 7E7.The Maintenance repairs and overhauls (MRO), jet engine, and business andregional aircraft markets have suffered right along with airlines and large commercialaircraft makers.The biggest regional aircraft makers are Bombardier, Gulf Stream andTextrons Cessna Unit., GE Aircraft Engines, Rolls Royse, and Pratt and Whitney are thethree largest jet engine makers. The space market is made up of two primary segments;satellite and rocket manufacturing and launch services. The major players include Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop, Grumman,Alcatel Space, Astrium, and Orbital Science. Expectations for the long-term profitability of the space market continue to outstrip the short-term realities, but companies continue toinvest in this.Even before the terrorist attacks, Boeing for example, was placing moreemphasis onMarket in its strategic thinking, and proposed a sweeping overhaul of the worlds air trafficcontrol system.The main activity of the division is manufacturing of fighter aircrafts like Jaguar, Hawk,Lakshya and landing gears for Dornier Aircraft and exports project like manufacture of Boeing and airbus doors. It also manufactures materials for Indian Aerospace organizationsuch as ISRO, DRDO &NAL etc

INTRODUCTION: Aviation is one of the most significant technological influences of our times and empowersthe nation with strength.It is a major tool for Economic development and has significant role in National security andInternational RELATION. India has been fortunate to have started Aeronautics relatedactivities in 1940 with the establishment of HAL.The aviation industry globally has many players. U.S Aircraft major players are:1.Lockheed Martin is at the top of the list followed by2. Boeing (U.S),3.North Rop Grumman (U.S),4. BAe Systems (U.K) and5. Raytheon (U.S) are the top five dominated U.S aero space and defense majors.The aviation industry comprises companies producing air craft, guided missiles, aircraftengines, space vehicles, propulsion units and reduced parts. Aircraft overhaul, rebuildingand parts are also included.The aviation industry in India includes State owned entities and also number of Privateplayers. The ministry of civil aviation governs the aviation industry.Hindustan Aeronautics, ranked 34 th among the global league of top 50 aerospacecompanies moving up since last years rank of 45.In 2004 - 2005, the India share of the global aviation industry was US $36 Billion.Aviation Industry in India is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world, withthe liberalization of the India aviation sector;Aviation industry in India has undergone a rapid transformation. From being primarily agovernment owned industry, the India Aviation Industry is now dominated by privatelyowned full service air lines and low cost carriers.Aviation Industry supplies services to the India are:1. Indian Defense Services.2. Coast Guards.3. Border Security Forces.Transport Aircraft and Helicopters have also been supplied to Airlines as well as StateGovernments of India.

LEADING PLAYERS IN AERONAUTICS INDUSTRY: Top aviation companies in India Air Charter Services Pvt Ltd: Air Charters India: Air India: Aviation India:

 Indian Airlines: Deccan Aviation Ltd.: Jet Airways: Kingfisher Airlines: Paramount airways:Private airlines account for around 75% share of the domestic aviation market

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HAL PART - A
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