INTERNAL MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

ACETALDEHYDE

1.

Product Identification

Product Name: ACETALDEHYDE

1. Composition / Information
On Ingredients
Synonyms : ACETIC ALDEHYDE;
ETHYL ALDEHYDE; ETHANAL; C2H40;
CRA U001; UN 1089;
STCC 4907210; OHS00080
Chemical family: Aldehyde, aliphatic
Cas No.: 75-07-0
Component: acetaldehyde
Percentage: 100.0
Other contaminants: none

2. Physical/Chemical
Characteristics
Description: clear, colorless liquid or gas with
a pungent, fruity odor.
Molecular weight: 44.05
Molecular formula: C-H3-C-H-O
Boiling point: 69 f (21 C)
Melting point: -186 f (-121 C)
Vapor pressure: 750 mmHg @ 20C
Vapor density: 1.52
Specific gravity: 0.7834
Water solubility: soluble
Volatility: 100%
Odor threshold: 2.3 ppm
Evaporation rate: (butyl acetate=l) 49.1

Rev. 00

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100 : %
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44.05 :
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21 )
69 : )
121- )
186- : )
20 750 :
1.52 :
7834. :
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100 : %
2.3 :
1 = ) 49.1 : )
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Solvent solubility: soluble in alcohol, ether,

acetone, benzene, gasoline, toluene, xylene,
turpentine, solvent naphtha.
Decomposition temperature: >752 f (>400 C)

3. HAZARDS
IDENTIFICATION
CERCLA ratings (scale 0-3): health=3 fire=3
reactivity=2 Persistences=
NFPA ratings (scale 0-4): health=2 fire=4
reactivity=2
Emergency overview:
Clear, colorless liquid or gas with a pungent,
fruity odor.
Suspect cancer hazard (contains material which
can cause cancer in animals).
Risk of cancer depends on duration and level of
contact. Causes respiratory
tract, skin, and eye irritation. May cause
allergic skin reaction. May affect the central
nervous system.
Flammable liquid and vapor. May cause flash
fire. May polymerize and violently rupture
container.
Keep away from all ignition sources. Avoid
breathing vapor or mist. Avoid contact with
eyes, skin and clothing. Avoid repeated or
prolonged contact.
Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact
with incompatible materials.
Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only with
adequate ventilation.

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400 <)
752 < : )

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0 = 2 = 3 =
2 = ( 4 0 )

2 = 4 =
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Inhalation:

SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause

irritation. Additional effects may include lack

of sense of smell, nausea, vomiting, chest pain,
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difficulty breathing, headache, drowsiness,

drunkenness and lung congestion.

LONG TERM EFFECTS: In addition to effects
:

Potential health effects:

from short term exposure, disorientation may

occur. May also cause cancer.

Skin contact:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause
irritation. May cause allergic reactions.
Additional effects may include burns.
LONG TERM
EFFECTS: Same
effects as short
term exposure.
Eye contact:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause
irritation. Additional effects may include burns,
tearing, and intolerance of the eyes to light and
eye damage.
LONG TERM
EFFECTS: Same
effects as short
term exposure.
Ingestion:
SHORT TERM EFFECTS: May cause nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, high blood
pressure, irregular heartbeat, headache,
drowsiness, drunkenness, lung congestion and
coma.
LONG TERM EFFECTS: May cause
disorientation.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Drinking alcohol may
worsen the effects.

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Carcinogen status:
OSHA: N
NTP: Y
IARC: Y

4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation:
First aid- Remove from exposure area to
fresh air immediately. Perform artificial
respiration if necessary. Maintain airway,
blood pressure and respiration. Keep warm
and at rest. Treat symptomatically and
supportively. Get medical attention
immediately. Qualified medical personnel
should consider administering oxygen.
Skin contact:
First aid- Remove contaminated
clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash with soap or mild detergent and
large, amounts of water until no
evidence of chemical remains (at least
15-20 minutes). Get medical attention
immediately.
Eye contact:
First aid- Wash eyes immediately with large
amounts of water or normal saline,
occasionally lifting upper and lower lids, until
no evidence of chemical remains (at least 15-20
minutes). Get medical attention immediately.
Ingestion:
First aid- If the person is conscious and not
convulsing; induce emesis by giving syrup of
ipecac followed by water. (If vomiting occurs
keep the head below the hips to prevent
aspiration). Repeat in 20 minutes if not
effective initially. Give activated charcoal. In
patients with depressed respiration or if emesis
is not produced, perform gastric lavage
cautiously (Dreisbach, Handbook of Poisoning,
12th Ed.). Treat symptomatically and
supportively. Gastric lavage should be
performed by qualified medical personnel. Get
medical attention immediately.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN
ANTIDOTE:No specific antidote. Treat
symptomatically and supportively.

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2500
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% 4 :
% 60:
) 175
) 347 :
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5. FIRE FIGHTING
MEASURES
Fire and explosion hazard:
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or
flame. Vapor-air mixtures are explosive.
Vapors are heavier than air and may travel a
considerable distance to a source of ignition
and flash back.
Extinguishing media:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant
foam
(1993 Emergency Response Guidebook, RSPA
P 5800.6).
For larger fires, use water spray, fog or
alcohol-resistant foam
(1993 Emergency Response Guidebook, RSPA
P 5800. 6).
Alcohol foam
(NFPA 325, Fire Hazard Properties of
Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile
Solids, 1994).
Firefighting:
Move container from fire area if you can do it
without risk. Apply cooling water to sides of
containers that are exposed to flames until well
after fire is out. Stay away from ends of tanks.
For massive fire in cargo area, use Unmanned
hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is
impossible, withdraw from area and let fire
burn. Withdraw immediately in case of rising
sound from venting safety device or any
discoloration of tank due to fire. Isolate for 1/2
mile in all directions if tank, rail car or tank
truck is involved in fire (1993 Emergency
Response Guidebook, RSPA P 5800.6, and
Guide Page 26).
Extinguish only if flow can be stopped. Use
flooding amounts of water as a fog; solid
streams may be ineffective. Cool containers
with, flooding amounts of water from as far a
;distance as possible. Avoid breathing vapors

keep upwind. If fire is uncontrollable or

containers exposed to direct flame, evacuate for
a radius of 2500 feet. Consider evacuation of
downwind area if
Material is leaking. Water may be ineffective.
(NFPA 325, Fire Hazard Properties of
Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids,
1994).
Flash point: -38 f (-39 c) (cc)
Lower flammable limit: 4. 0% upper
flammable limit: 60 %
Auto ignition: 347 f (175 c)
Flammability class (OSHA): IA
Hazardous combustion products: thermal
decomposition products may include toxic
oxides of carbon.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE
MEASURES

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Occupational spill:

Shut off ignition sources; no flares, smoking or

flames in hazard area. Stop leak if you can do it
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without risk. Water spray may reduce vapor;
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but it may not prevent ignition in closed

spaces. For small spills, take up with sand or
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other noncombustible absorbent material and
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place into containers for later disposal. For

larger spills, dike far ahead of spill for later
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disposal. Keep unnecessary people away;

isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay

upwind; keep
) : RQ (
Out of low areas.
(
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Reportable Quantity (RQ): 1000 pounds

The Superfund Amendments and
(
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Reauthorization Act (SARA) Section 304

requires that a release equal to or greater than
.
the reportable quantity for this substance be
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immediately reported to the local emergency

planning committee and the state emergency

response commission (40 CFR 355. 40). If the

release of this substance is reportable under

CERCLA Section 103, the National Response

Center must be notified immediately at (800)
424-8802 or (202) 426-2675 in the
metropolitan Washington, D. C. area (40 CFR
302.6).
Soil spill:
Dig a holding area such as a pit, pond or
lagoon to contain spill and dike surface flow
using barrier of soil, sandbags, foamed
polyurethane or foamed concrete. Absorb
liquid mass with fly ash or cement powder.
Air spill:
Knock down vapors with water spray. Keep
upwind.
Water spill:
Add sodium bisulfate. If dissolved, at a
concentration of 10 ppm or greater, apply
activated carbon at ten times the amount that
has been spilled. Use mechanical dredges or
lifts to extract immobilized masses of pollution
and
Precipitates. The California Safe Drinking
Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986
(Proposition 65) prohibits contaminating any
known source of drinking water with
substances known to cause cancer and/or
reproductive toxicity

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7. HANDLING AND

STORAGE

Observe all federal, state and local regulations
when storing this substance. Protect against

physical damage. Store bulk quantities outside

in detached tanks provided with refrigeration
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and inert gas blanket, such as nitrogen, in void

space above liquid level. Smaller container,

storage should be in a detached
noncombustible building, provided with

cooling facilities, adequate ventilation and free

of sources of ignition; no alkaline materials
(
(such as caustics, ammonia, amines), halogens,
)
alcohols, ketones, acid anhydrides, phenols, nor
(
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oxidizing materials, permitted in storage room.
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Inside storage should be in a standard

flammable liquids storage room or cabinet.
Isolate from other storage (NFPA 49,
Hazardous Chemicals Data, 1975). Store in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.106.
Bonding and grounding: Substances with low
electro conductivity, which may be ignited by
electrostatic sparks, should be stored in
containers which meet the bonding and
grounding guidelines specified in NFPA 771983, Recommended Practice on Static
Electricity. Store away from incompatible
substances.
May form explosive peroxides on prolonged
contact with air. Store in a tightly closed
container.
Protect from exposure to heat and light. Check
peroxide content often; never distill to dryness.
Threshold quantity (TQ): 2500 pounds
The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Process Safety
Management (PSM) standard requires that
facilities utilizing a process which involves a
chemical at or above its specified threshold
quantity comply with the provisions of 29 CFR
1910.119, Process Safety Management of
highly hazardous chemicals.

8. EXPOSURE

CONTROLS/PERSONL
PROTECTION
Exposure limits:
ACETALDEHYDE:
200 ppm (360 mg/m3) OSHA TWA
100 ppm (180 mg/m3) OSHA TWA
(vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993);
150 ppm (270 mg/m3) OSHA STEL
(vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993)
25 ppm (45 mg/m3) ACGIH ceiling
ACGIH A3-Animal Carcinogen
50 ppm (90 mg/m3) DFG MAK TWA;
100 ppm (180 mg/m3) DFG MAK 5 minute
peak, momentary value, 8 times/shift
Measurement method: XAD-2CR) tube;
toluene; gas chromatography with flame
ionization detection; (NIOSH III # 2538).

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2500 : (
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200 3 / 360 ) )
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100 ( 3 / 180 )
1993 )
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150 ( 3 / 270 )
1993 )
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25 3 / 45 ) )
50 3 / 90 ) )
100 ( 3 / 180 )
/ 8 5
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1000 pounds CERCLA Section 103

Reportable Quantity
2500 pounds OSHA Process Safety
Management Threshold Quantity
Subject to SARA Section 313 Annual Toxic
Chemical Release Reporting
Subject to California Proposition 65
cancer and/or reproductive toxicity
warning and release requirements(April 1, 1988)
Ventilation:
Process enclosure ventilation
recommended to meet published exposure
limits. Ventilation equipment must be
explosion-proof.
Eye protection:
Employee must wear splash-proof or dustresistant safety goggles to prevent eye
contact with this substance.
Emergency eye wash: Where there is any
possibility that an employees eyes may be
exposed to this substance, the employer should
provide an eye wash fountain within the
immediate work area for emergency use.
Clothing:
Employee must wear appropriate protective
(impervious) clothing and equipment to
prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact
with this substance.
Gloves:
Employee must wear appropriate protective
gloves to prevent contact with this substance.
Respirator:
The following respirators and maximum
use concentrations are recommendations
by the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, NIOSH Pocket Guide te
Chemical Hazards; NIOSH criteria
documents or by the U.S. Department of
Labor, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.
The specific respirator selected must be based
on contamination levels found in the work

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2500 = (

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place, must not exceed the working limits of

the respirator and be jointly approved by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health and the Mine Safety and Health
Administration (NIOSH-MSHA).
Acetaldehyde: At any detectable
concentration:
Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has
a full face piece and is operated in a pressuredemand or other positive-pressure mode. Any
supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece
and is operated in a pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode in combination with an
auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus
operated in pressure-demand or other positivepressure mode. Escape- Any air-purifying, fullface piece respirator (gas mask) with a chinstyle, front- or back-mounted organic vapor
canister. Any appropriate escape-type, selfcontained breathing apparatus.
FOR FIREFIGHTING AND OTHER
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR
HEALTH CONDITIONS: Any self-contained
breathing apparatus that has a full face piece
and is operated in a pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air
respirator that has a full face piece and is
operated in a pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode in combination with an
auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus
operated in pressure-demand or other positivepressure mode.

9. STABILITY AND
REACTIVITY
Reactivity:
May polymerize. Avoid contact with air, light
or storage and use above room temperature.
Conditions to avoid:
Avoid contact with heat, sparks, flames, or
other sources of ignition. Vapors may be

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explosive and poisonous; do not allow

unnecessary personnel in area. Do not overheat
containers; containers may violently rupture
and travel a considerable distance in heat of
fire.
Incompatibilities:
Acetaldehyde:
Acetic acid: violent polymerization.
Acid anhydrides: may react violently in a
condensation reaction.
Acids (strong): violent polymerization.
Alcohols: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Amines: violent reaction.
Ammonia (anhydrous): may react violently in a
condensation reaction.
Bases (strong): violent polymerization.
Bromine: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Chlorine: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Cobalt acetate + Oxygen: may form shocksensitive peroxide.
di-nitrogen penta-oxide: violently explosive
reaction possible.
Fluorine: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Halocarbons: possible violent reaction.
Hydrogen cyanide: may react violently in a
condensation reaction.
Hydrogen peroxide is desiccants: formation of
explosive peroxide.
Hydrogen sulfide: may react violently in a
condensation reaction.
Iodine: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Ketones: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Mercury cio-chlorate: formation of explosive,
shock-sensitive compound.
mercury-y(ii) oxosalts: formation of explosive,
shock-sensitive compounds.

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mercury (ii) per-chlorate: formation of

explosive, shock-sensitive compound.
Metals: may initiate exothermic
polymerization.
Oxidizers (strong): fire and explosion hazard.
Oxygen: violent polymerization.
Phenols: may react violently in a condensation
reaction.
Phosphorus isocyanate: violent reaction.
Plastics, rubber and coatings: attacked.
Reducers (strong): may initiate exothermic
polymerization.
Silver nitrate: formation of explosive
compound.
Sodium hydroxide: may initiate exothermic
polymerization.
Sulfuric acid: may
initiate exothermic
polymerization.
Hazardous decomposition:
Thermal decomposition
products may include toxic
oxides of carbon.
Polymerization:
Polymerization occurs on exposure to sunlight,
heat, or air. the presence of impurities may
result in exothermic self-polymerization,
generating sufficient heat and pressure to
rupture the container.

10.
TOXICOLOGY
INFORMATION
Irritation data:
50 ppm/15 minutes eye-human; 40
mg eye-rabbit severe; 500 mg
open skin-rabbit mild.
Toxicity data:
134 ppm/30 minutes inhalation-human TCLo;
24 gm/m3/4 hours inhalation-rat LC50; 17,000
ppm/4 hours inhalation-hamster LC50; 21,800
mg/m3 inhalation-mammal LC50; 3540 mg/kg
skin-rabbit LD50; 661 mg/kg oral-rat LD50; 96

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15 / 50

40

500
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4 / 3 / 24
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4 / 17000

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3 / 21800

mg/kg intratracheal-hamster LD50; 640 mg/kg

subcutaneous-rat LD50; 560 mg/kg
subcutaneous-mouse LD50; 212 mg/kg
intravenous-mouse LD50;. 500 mg/kg
intraperitoneal-rat LDLo; 4560 ppm/6 hours/90
days inhalation-hamster intermittent TCLo;
mutagenic data (RTECS); reproductive effects
data (RTECS); tumorigenic data (RTECS).
Carcinogen status:
Anticipated Human Carcinogen (NTP); Human
Inadequate Evidence, Animal Sufficient
Evidence (IARC Group-2B). Acetaldehyde
produced tumors of the respiratory tract
following its inhalation, particularly
adenocarcinomas and squamous-cell
carcinomas of the nasal mucosa in rats and
laryngeal carcinomas in hamsters. Inhalation of
acetaldehyde enhanced the incidence of
respiratory tract tumors induced by
intratracheal installation of benzo(a)pyrene in
hamsters.
Local effects: Irritant- inhalation, skin, eye.
Acute toxicity level: Slightly toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption.
Target effects: Sensitizer- dermal; central
nervous system depressant. Poisoning may also
affect the heart, lung, liver, and kidneys. at
increased risk from exposure: Persons with
impaired pulmonary, liver or renal function, or
pre-existing skin disorders.
Additional data: May be excreted in breast
milk. Alcohol may enhance the toxic effects.
Health effects
Inhalation:
ACETALDEHYDE:
Irritant / Narcotic / Carcinogen.
2000 ppm Immediately Dangerous to Life or
Health.
Acute exposure- Exposure to low vapor
concentrations may cause coughing with a
burning sensation in the nose and throat.
Higher concentrations may cause delayed
pulmonary edema preceded by excitement and
followed by narcosis with symptoms of

/ 3540

/ 661

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/ 96

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/ 560

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/ 500

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40 / 6 / 4560
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2000
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headache, drowsiness, dizziness,

lightheadedness, stupor, and unconsciousness.
Other effects may include severe mucous
membrane irritation, sore throat, chest pain,
bronchitis, labored breathing, rhinitis, anosmia,
nausea, vomiting, weakness, albuminoidal,
fatty liver and paralysis of the respiratory
center in extreme exposures. Death may be due
to anesthetic effects or pulmonary edema.
Chronic exposure- Chronic intoxication may
resemble chronic alcoholism with weight loss,
anemia, delirium, visual and auditory
hallucinations, loss of intelligence and psychic
disturbances. Inhalation studies in animals""
reported growth retardation, increased number
of erythrocytes, increased heart and kidney
weights and severe histopathological changes
in the respiratory tract consisting of necrosis,
inflammatory changes and hyper- and
metaplasia of the epithelium. Other effects
reported include" salivation, incoordination,
dyspnea, rhinitis and sinusitis. An increased
incidence of carcinomas were induced in the
nasal mucosa of rats and laryngeal carcinomas
were induced in hamsters.
Skin contact:
ACETALDEHYDE:
Irritant / sensitizer.
Acute exposure - Vapors may cause reddening
and irritation. Contact may cause sensitization
dermatitis in previously exposed persons.
Intense contact with the liquid may result in
erythema and burns.
Chronic exposure - Repeated or prolonged
contact with the vapors may result erythema,
burns, and contact or rarely, sensitization
dermatitis.
Eye contact:
ACETALDEHYDE:
IRRITANT.
ACUTE EXPOSURE- Vapor concentrations of
50 ppm may be mildly irritating; 200 ppm may

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50
200

cause transient conjunctivitis. Other effects

may include lacrimation, burning sensation,
blurred vision, photophobia, and foreign body
sensation. Direct contact with the liquid may
cause painful corneal injury, and possibly
burns. Healing has been reported as rapid.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE- Repeated or
prolonged exposure may cause conjunctivitis.
High concentrations and extended exposure
may injure the corneal epithelium, causing
persistent lacrimation, photophobia, and
foreign body sensation.
Ingestion
ACETALDEHYDE:
Narcotic.
Acute exposure- Ingestion may produce
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal
pain. Damage to the mucous membranes may
occur. Narcosis may result with headache,
drowsiness, dizziness, unconsciousness, coma
and respiratory failure, which may be delayed
in onset. Other symptoms may include
albuminoidal, pulmonary edema, and possibly
tachycardia, and hypertension. Death from
kidney, liver, and cardiac muscle damage may
occur.
Chronic exposure- Chronic intoxication may
resemble chronic alcoholism with weight loss,
anemia, delirium, visual and auditory
hallucinations, and loss of intelligence and
psychic disturbances. Rats administered
acetaldehyde in drinking water showed
hyperkeratosis in the fore stomach.

11.
ECOLOGICAL
INFORMATION
Environmental impact rating (0-4): no data
available
Acute aquatic toxicity: no data available
Degradability: no data available
Log bioconcentration factor (BCF): no data
available

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Log octanol/FFATER partition coefficient: no

data available

12.
DISPOSAL
INFORMATION
Observe all federal, state and local regulations
when disposing of this substance.
Disposal must be in accordance with standards
applicable to generators of hazardous waste,
40CFR 262. EPA Hazardous Waste Number
U001.
US EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number:
RCRA U001

13.
TRANSPORTATION
INFORMATION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING NAME-ID
NUMBER, 49 CFR 172.101:
Acetaldehyde-UN 1089
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION HAZARD CLASS OR
DIVISION, 49 CFR 172.101:
3 - Flammable liquid
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION PACKING GROUP, 49
CFR 172.101: PG I
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION LABELING
REQUIREMENTS, 49 CFR 172.101
AND SUBPART E: Flammable liquid
U.S.DEPART OF TRANSPORTATION
PACKAGING AUTHORIZATIONS:
EXCEPTIONS: None
NON-BULK PACKAGING: 49
CFR 173.201 BULK
PACKAGING: 49 CFR 173.243
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION QUANTITY
LIMITATIONS 49 CFR 172.101:

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PASSENGER AIRCRAFT OR RAILCAR:

Forbidden CARGO AIRCRAFT ONLY: 30 L

The information in this MSDS was

obtained from sources which we
believe are reliable, but no warranty or
representation as to its accuracy or
completeness is hereby given. Users
should consider the information herein
only as a supplement to other
information gathered by them and must
make independent determinations of
suitability and completeness of
information from all sources to assure
proper use and disposal, the. Safety
and health of employees and
customers and the protection of the
environment.