UNIVERSITATEA MARITIMA CONSTANTA CULEGERE DE TEXTE SIEXERCITIILIMBA ENGLEZA MARITIMA Asist. Univ. Drd.

Corina Popescu CATEDRA DE MATEMATICA SI STIINTE UMANISTE

rs. Nowadays, most merchant ships are built to carry cargo, but a few still

carryate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A

list of dependent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk

carrier of growing

blesUncount ablesa total amountallall a n

amountfewli ttlezero amount no ble nounUncoun table nounsevera

ltable nounUncoun table nouna large

es .And is a general purpose

link rs.r liners carry passengers and cargo. Here it means they carry both and. O r

adds an alternativ e . If and a)A cadet can train as a Deck Officer .b ) T h e

ship was old . c)Passeng er liners carry passenger

s . d)Tankers usually operate as specialized vessels . e)Merchant

ships are designed to carry liquid cargo . f)Warships are

designed for speed. rgo and the safety of the crew. He must be well qualified and

an experienced k the following (do not change their order), using whichever

pattern above is ks are made,the ship is being built.ferent types of paint are

used,the ship is painted. chant ships can be classified according to what they

carry. Most arergo carrier is the container ship. They carry containers of standard

dimensions ,rate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growingorta

nce are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier,

ir number has been greatly reduced, because of competition from air transport.r

liners. The most common type of passenger vessel is the ferry. Many of them

ite article (the) is used when the noun (singular or plural, countable or untable)

being referred ip/has a particular rather than a general reference, that is,: The

phrase 'over there' tells us which ship is being referred to, but 'of all types'

rry containers. Container ships are designed to carry containers.

(Here all three rgest type of cargo ship istankertank ers aree s i g n e d to

carryliquid cargo such asoilcargo i s pumped directly intoholds bypowerful pumpsolds

are constructed astankstank s are subdivided intontral tank, two wing tanks

andexpansio n tank nsion tank allowsoil to expand in hot weatherbridg eperstructur

e andengine room are situated aft to leave more roomorcarg obridge is connected

toforecastle byatwalk.ta nkers which are over 500,000 dwts are knownsultra large crude

carriers (ULCCs). f all types which arrived todayst loading in the

porte r c h a n t m o s t es e are some more connecting words for

joining statements: because, therefore ,.Because gives the reason or cause

.Therefore expresses consequenc e or resultwever introduces a qualification or

concessio nrs. enger liners often operate as cruise ships for part of the year.

There is not alwayse or result, (3) qualification or concession.g o liners sail on fixed

routes and keep to a timetable, consequentl y some are e or result argo is stowed. It is

loaded and discharged either by cranes on the the following statements true or false?

el is near the bridge. Where is the funnel? ptain and the navigating officers control the

ship from the bridge ,hipbuilders fit the engine near the bottom of the ship.by cranes or by

the ship's derricks, (load, discharge) .winches, (operate )captain and officers in

cabins near the bridge, (accommoda te)e front part of a shipthe bow and the rear part of a

ship the stern, (call)chor and cables and windlass in the bow of the ship, (locate

)masts which stand on the upper deck, (fit) ed. It is important that, if the ship is to

discharge at more than one . The winchmen operate the winches on

board the ship. the following statements false or true? rrange the following groups of words to

form meaningful sentences: brief answers to the following questions: d helmsman is able to

anticipate how the ship behaves. n emergency steering system

the following statements false or true? compass is an electromechanical instrument.

range the following groups of words to form meaningful sentences. brief answers to the

following questions: e are three main methods of communicati on between ships and

the shore.se are: Radio signals which may be passed using radiotelegraphy or radio-e

Morse Code. Flag signalling in which coded messages using hoists. Loud hailer uses voice

which is amplified .lume One and radiotelegraphy signals in Volume Two. By

means of the the following statements false or true? y is used to pass messages

between ships and the shore. range the following groups of sentences to form

meaningful sentences. brief answers to the following questions: estions to which the underlined

words are the answers. are most commonly passed in plain language.

rve the position of the underlined words in the following sentences: , (rarely)

ips are designed by naval architects.P assivebuilt the tanker in six months.Activ

etanker was built in six months.Pass iveI measured the piece of metal.Activer st, the

piece of metal was measured.P assive

ent continuous) (c)future)(e) canbebuilt(c

an)must) (g)ent participle) (h)

n for the crew. In addition,

men erect masts e words are: first, then, next, after that, afterwards, later,

e of events in the building of a ship.e words to introduce each stage .Time clauses

ation society, they are completed by the naval )After the parts of the ship are prepared ,she is fitted

out and completed .goes for sea trials. ation erally the is not used with names of

Kuwait (exceptions include: The Netherlands, The Lebanon )thought of as one island: Japan, Cuba,

HawaiiesAlex andria, Ankara, New York, Londo nBrighton, Calais (except: The Hague)

Mountains Mount Everest, Mon tMichigan, Lake Como, Loch NesssRaleigh Bay, Galway

Bay (except when: The Bay of...) erally the is used with the names of d: the USA, the USSR, the UAE, the UK ,

the Rockiess The Pacific, the Atlantic, the Mediterranea n Seats The English Channel, the Straits of

Gibraltar s The Nile, the Euphrates, the Suez Canal d electronicem can also be used to

measure the speed of the ship over the seabed. It ispment such as the Decca Navigator, the Omega Navigator

and Loran, usee is known with very high accuracy the ship's position can also be fixed. This system

pite current, winds and alterations in engine power. Inertial navigation is used in

ions of place (ii) o f r o m ey took the ferry to Calais.The

QEII sailed from Southampto n.h e c a s e fell onto the deck.The launch took off

the p i l o t . to/out of - used with reference to an area or volumeto -qout of *qcargo was

lowered into the hold. The cargo was lifted out of the hold .wards/away from express

motion with reference to a directional patho w a r d s+ away f r o m ship was driven towards the

rocks. The wood drifted away from the shore.e sailor climbed up the mast.The flag was

hauled down.ross/al ong- express motion with reference to a horizontal axis or planeross "7alon

gdinghy tacked across the bay.They sailed along the coast. . e o r v u

n d e r ople walked over the bridge.The barge sailed under the bridge.. b e h i n d

i n f r o n t o f passed behind the lighthouse. The gulls flew in front of the lighthouse..

( a ) r o u n d t h r o u g h by} past an Sea Naples. uced relative clause ssterday. =>

A ship built in that yard sank yesterday. ving 'tween decks are suitable for general cargo. or

Vessels with 'tween decksls are sometimes stowed on deck. => Drums containing chemicals are

cate can hope to become the mater of his own ship tive clauses with prepositions

de a hardwearing surface and give the required colour; heatresistant paints for en a coating of

anti-fouling paint. Antifouling paints contain toxicants which areoisonous to marine

life. The toxicants have to dissolve out of the paint into thee an area can be repainted, proper

preparation is essential. The area must be ship for cargo A for B becomesa cargo ship B Aonship are

possible in such noun + noun compounds. Somef B ith/has Bontains Bade of /from

Bn/on/at Bperated by Bhaped like Bs e s B nvented b y B ter with salt in it => Salt

water pump operated by hand => A hand pumpturbine driven by steam => A steam turbineipers

invented by Vernier => Vernier calipers which have been fitted => fitted bolts iron which has

been cast => cast iron .By using the infinitiv e. B y u s i n g so ast (can/could +infinitive

{ will/would. shall/should) tion (IMCO).. Conduct of vessels in sight of one another es of the case admit, avoid

crossing ahead of the other vessel. )(i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall

keep her s between vesselsi)a vessel not under command ;i)a vessel restricted in her ability to

manoeuvre ;ii)a vessel engaged in fishing;iv)a sailing vessel. d the following advice based

on an extract from a safety handbook for engineer man should not enter an unmanned machinery space unless

he has been given al conditions are those which may or may not be fulfilled .vereal

conditions are those which are not expected to be fulfilled. ossible conditions are those

which are impossible because they are contrary to d. munication system enables

information to be passed from a source, through aions system. Messages can be sent in either Morse

code or speech. If Morsee transmission can be recognized. This signal must be used at all

times wheny.d band between 405 - 535 khz must,ring their hours of service, ensure

watch on the International Radiotelegra phice, ensure watch on the International Radiotelepho neons.re VHF radiotelepho

ny equipment is installed, a continuous listening watch istained on the International

Distress/Calli ng frequency 156.8 Mhz, referred to as by on/off keying, un modulated full carrier. A2A

TELEGRAPH Ykeying, amplitude modulated single sideband full carrier.E TELEPHONY amplitude

modulated double sideband full carrier. H3EHONY amplitude modulated single sideband full

carrier. R3E TELEPHONYit ude modulated single sideband reduced carrier. J3E TELEPHONY

amplitud erequency modulated carrier. VHF 156 - 174 Mhz Marine.te. 1 A3E and H3E are not

permitted, except on 2182 khz for, and by, distressch contact is 30 - 45 miles. The main use is

Telephony (F3E). 'Medium' rangetain VHF channels are designated for particular purposes.

These are given in theation Union (ITU) 'List of Coast Stations'.tres s, Safety and CallingChann el 16hoice

Channel 6 (Others listed in VHF allocation guide)ort operationsC hannel 10 (also 12,14)blic

corresponde ncemain choices Channels24, 25,26,27,28 nboardChann els 15,17 (on low

power ) Stationschan nels listed in ITU List of Coast Radio Stations or as specified

byions - ship movement and Pilot Servicesd to handouts tend to ask you to look for information in

the text. e.g. State ero local. y it is necessary to know its function. See if youn identify the

function of these messages by writing: question, instruction, advice, ived, etc.ro GMT.ived:

You intend to reduce speed, new speed: five knots. tation making the callStatio

n respondin g to the call sign of station called, said twice)sign of calling

station, said twice)on. An outline of a ship-toshore exchange using

standard procedure: Station making the callStation respondin g to the call

1.Initial call Address. (Name/identit y of station called, said twice) Identification. (Name/identit y of calling

station, said twice) This is...'Reason for call, giving working channel.'Over .'2. Response to

callAddress and identification. 'Romeo Channel... up'(Both ships now change to the agreed

working channel.)3. Indication of readabilityAd dress and identification. 'How do you read me?''Over.'4.

Indication of readabilityAd dress and identification. 'Read you strength ... go ahead.''Over.' 5.

MessageAddr ess and identification. 'Message begins'Messa ge ends.''Over.'6 . Response to messageAddr

ess and identification. 'Received message number 'Noth ing for you.''Over.'7. End of transmission

Address and identification. 'Romeo nothing for you.' 'Out.'If a station receives a call, but is uncertain

that the call is actually intended for it, it mustwait until the call has been repeated and understood.In ship-to-shore

Communicati ons, except in the cases of distress, urgency or safety, theCommunic ations are controlled by

the coast station. In ship-to-ship Communicati ons theship which is calling controls the exchange. If

a coast station finds it necessary to interrupt, bot h ships must comply with any instructions

given by the shore station. APPLIED TERMINOLOG Y (A) Terms relating to VHF

Communicati ons Standard phrasesStudy the table below, which shows some of the standard phrases used

in VHFCommuni cations. These are taken from Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary

(IMCO)and Seaspeak (Pergamon).V HF distress, urgency and safety messagesStu dy this diagram

which tells you when to use distress, urgency and safety procedure. The procedur es here are based on

those recommende d in Seaspeak.Typ e of procedure CallSitu a t i o n Dist ressMayda

yTo be used when a ship or aircraft i s threatened by grave and imminent danger likely to involve

loss of life, and requestsimm ediate assistance.U r gencyPanPanTo be used when the

message contains u r g e n t infor mation concerning the safety of a ship,aircraft or other vehicle, or

the safety of a person.S a f etySecuri t e (pronounc edSay-cure-etay)To be used when the message contains

animportant navigational or meteorologic alwarning. Making and maintainingc ontactClarific

ationCalling.. .Mistake.This is...Correctio n.How do you read? Please speli.Iread... (l-5)*1

speli.Standb y on VHF channel...Sa y again allbefore/aft er...Standing by onVHFchann

el...Isay again all before/after.. .OverPlease speak in full.OutPleas espeak slowly.Please

use StandardMar ine Navigational Conversation controlsvoca bulary.Pleas e

readbackPle ase use International Code of Signals.I read backPlease useSeaspeak

.Announcern entsChannel switchingMe ssage for you.Swttchto /Change to VHFchannel.. .Pass

yourmessag e.Stand by on channel...'N ote. In Seaspeak: 1 = unusable. 2 = poor,3 =

fair, 4 = good. 5 = excellent.

Exercise 1. Look at these messages

and decide whether distress, urgency or safety procedures should be used.(a) 100 miles

southwest of Land send engine broken down.Require tug assistance.(b) From Harbour master

Falmouth yacht Belinda overdueon voyage from Cromer to Falmouth left Cromer lOth March report any sightings

to Lloyds London.(c) Diving operations in progress at ninian north platform shipmoveme nt within a

radius of 500 metres prohibited untilfurther notice.Ship holed in engine room. Sinking. Request

immediate assistance.Ga le warning southwest gale force winds imminent in seaAreas Dover

Thames.52.3 0 North 16.20West fire in number two hold ships in vicinity please stand by.The

procedure for a distress or urgency transmission is as follows.Distre ss call (3 times) 'This is Name of

ship (3 times)Distres s call (once) Name of ship and Callsign (once)Positio n Nature of distressKind

of assistance required 'Over. Exercise 2. Now complete these two transmissions

, taken from the Seaspeak Manual, by selecting theappropriat e phrases from the jumbled list below.(a) '

Rattler Rattler Rattler Vega, Seven Victor AlfaTangoPos ition: latitude: fivezerodegrees three-zero

minutes Nort h, longitude: zero-threenine degrees two-zero minutesWest. Over.'

(b) 'Pan-Pan Pan-Pan PanPanThis is / Require tow / Pan-Pan / Rattler, Golf Xray Xray Xray / Collision with

iceberg,sinkin g / Mayday Mayday Mayday / Position: bearing zeronine-zero degrees true, distanceone-

five miles from Ras Sarkan / Mayday / Lost propeller / Over /Vega Vega Vega /Thisis / Request

immediate assistance.Th e procedure for a safety transmission is as follows.Safet y call (3 times)1-6.

Repeated.'All ships'(may be repeated) 7. Safety message.3 . T his i s . . . ' Name of station (3 times)Safety

call (once) Name of stationPhrase indicating content of message to follow.'Switch to VHF

channel...'8 . 'Over1I say again.' Repeat safety message.'Out .'Exercise 3. You are Nitonradio and you wish

to make a safety message broadcast to allships that there is a military exercise involving

darkened ships, submarines and aircrafttaking place in sea area Delta from 0800 hours GMT,

March 3rd to 2200 hours GMT,March 7th. Using the above procedure outline write out the

complete transmission.