Obj.

18 Circular Functions
Unit 5 Trigonometric and Circular Functions
Concepts and Objectives
Unit Circle and Circular Functions (Obj. #18)
Use the unit circle to define values for trig functions.
Determine the measure of an angle based on the
coordinates of its trig value.
Determine linear and angular speed of a rotating
point.
Unit Circle
( )
0 1,0
| |

|
\
3 1
,
6 2 2
| |

|
\
2 2
,
4 2 2
| |

|
\
1 3
,
3 2 2
( )

0,1
2
| |

|
\
2 1 3
,
3 2 2
| |

|
\
3 2 2
,
4 2 2
| |

|
\
5 3 1
,
6 2 2
( )
1,0
| |

|
\
7 3 1
,
6 2 2
| |

|
\
5 2 2
,
4 2 2
| |

|
\
4 1 3
,
3 2 2
( )

3
0, 1
2
| |

|
\
5 1 3
,
3 2 2
| |

|
\
7 2 2
,
4 2 2
| |

|
\
11 3 1
,
6 2 2

Circular Functions
The circular functions of real numbers correspond to the
trigonometric functions of angles measured in radians.
r
s =
x
y

(cos s, sin s) = (x, y)

Circular function values of
real numbers are obtained in
the same manner as
trigonometric function
values of angles measured in
radians.
Circular Functions
Example: Find the exact values of and
cos s = x, so the x-coordinate at
, and at , the coordinates are
7
cos
4

| |

|
\
5
tan
3

=
7 2
cos
4 2
= tan
y
s
x

5
3
| |
|
\
1 3
,
2 2
=
3
2
1
2
y
x
=
3
1
= 3 or
= = i
3 1 3 2
3
2 2 2 1
Approximating Circular Functions
Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(2.9234)
Make sure your calculator is in radians mode!
(a) cos 1.85 .2756
(b) cot 1.3209 = (tan 1.3209)
1
.2552
(c) sec(2.9234) = (cos(2.9234))
1
1.0243
Approximating Circular Functions
Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval
if cos s = .9685.
cos
1
.9685 .2517
Since this value is in the quadrant given, this is our
value.

(
(

0,
2
Approximating Circular Values
Example: Approximate the value of s in if
cos s = .367.
cos
1
.367 1.947.

(

3
,
2
This angle is in QII, not QIII. To
find our angle, we need to
consider the angle with the same
x-value.
To find the other angle,
subtract the first angle from 2.
-.367

3
2
= 2 1.947 4.337
Exact Circular Values
Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval
if tan s = 1.
tan s = 1 when x = y, which occurs at in the given
interval.

(

3
,
2
5
4
Linear and Angular Speed
Suppose that point P moves at
a constant speed along a circle
of radius r. The measure of
how fast the position of P is
changing is called linear speed.
If v represents linear speed,
then
r
s
x
y

P
=
distance
speed
time
=
s
v
t
Linear and Angular Speed
As point P moves along the
circle, ray OP rotates around
the origin. The measure of how
fast POB is changing is called
angular speed.
Angular speed, symbolized ,
is given as
where is in radians.
r
s
x
y

P
O
B
=
t

Linear and Angular Speed

Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.

=
18

=
18 6

= =
6
radians
18 3
Linear and Angular Speed
Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.
= s r
( )

| |
=
|
\
10
3
s

=
10
cm
3
Linear and Angular Speed
Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.
=
s
v
t

=
10
3
6
v

= =
10 5
cm/sec
18 9
Homework
College Algebra
Page 580: 9-42 (3s), 54-87 (3s)
HW: 18, 30, 54, 60, 66, 72, 84
Classwork: Algebra & Trigonometry (green book)
Page 726: 15-36 (3s)