:

...

2008

,

.
, . ,
(
1:10)
. ,

.

. ,

, ,
.
, ,

.

.

, ,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.

..
,
. ,

. ,


.

[2]


1: .7
1.1 ...7
1.2 ..8
1.3 ..8
1.4 ..9
1.5 10
1.6 .11
1.7 .13
1.8 .......................14
2: .15
2.1 .15
2.2 - ..15
2.3 .16
2.4 16
2.5 .17
2.6 ..19
2.7 20
2.8 ..21
2.9 I 22
3: 24
3.1 ..24
3.2 24
3.2.1 .24
3.2.2 .26

[3]

 4: 29
4.1 - 29
4.2 - .30
4.2.1 Lachman (Ritchie, Trillat Lachman-Trillat).31
4.2.2 (Drawer Sign)32
4.2.3 ().34
4.3 - .35
4.3.1 (Gravity drawer test)..35
4.3.2 Lachman (reverse Lachman test).36
4.3.3
..36
4.3.4 (Godfrey test)..36
4.4 .36
4.5 38
5: ..39
5.1 .39
5.2 ()40
5.3
41
5.3.1 .44
5.3.2 .46
5.3.2.1 .47
5.3.3 ..48
6:
50
[4]

6.1 ..............50
6.2 ..51
6.3 52
7: ..55
8: .57
8.1 .57
8.1.1 (Cryocuff)57
8.2 58
8.3 .58
8.4 .58
8.5 59
9: (CPM).61
9.1 .61
9.2 CPM..61
9.3 CPM .62
10: (CYBEX)63
10.1 .63
10.2 64
10.3 ..65
11: .67
11.1 .67
11.2 67
11.3 .68
11.4 .68
[5]

11.5 68
12: 70
12.1 ..70
12.2 - .71
12.2.1 ..71
12.2.2 .72
12.2.3 73
12.2.4 ..74
12.2.5 ..76
12.2.6 .80
12.2.7 .80
12.2.8 81
12.3
..82
13:
84
13.1 .84
13.2 .85
13.3 .85
13.4 ..86
14: 88
.105
..106

[6]

 1:
1.1
.
,
,
. .

.

1. ,
.

() ().
( )
( ).

[7]

1.2

.

.
.

.

.

. ,


.

.
.

1.3
, .

, .
()
, ,
.
()
, ,
.
.
,
.

[8]

1.4


.

.
.

.

[9]

1.5


.

.
.
.

.

. ,

,
.
.
.

[10]


.

.

1.6
,
.
,
.
:
, .

,

.
. ,
, Gerdy .
,
, ,
30 ,
pivot shift.

, o
.

.
.
.

(, )
.
.
.
,
, .

.

, ,
, .
[11]


.

.


.
.
.
,
,
. .

[12]

1.7

.

.
,
.

. ,

[13]

 ,
, .

1.8

. ,
.
, ,

. ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
.

[14]

 2:
2.1

:
,

.

.
.

, -
- .

.
,
.

2.2 -

:
(
,
). ' ,
.
:
. "
", . ,
, (5 10) .
,
, .
, ,
,
.

.

.

. ( )
( ).
[15]


.
140
120 .
160
.

2.3

.


. .
.

.

.
Fick, 40
30. .

. ,
.
, ,

.
. , , (

). , ,
(
).
(
).

2.4


.

.
,
[16]

 ,
.

,
.
, .

2.5

.
.



.


.
'
, - .
:
- , ,
.
-


,


.

1,85 3,35 cm.

.
,
. ,


. ,

[17]

 ' , ,
- .
:
- ,
,
- ,
,
Humphrey, ,
-- - Wrisberg,
, ()

.
,
.

.

[18]

2.6
,
. ,
.

1.7 cm.

. ,
.
,
:

.

( - -).
.

.
:
.
,
, ,
60 ,
.

[19]

2.7


.

. ( )
(ab cd) .
, ,
. a b c d
.
,

. ,
.
.

.

.
ab
cd

[20]

2.8


().

,
().
, 75%
85% 30
90 .

/
.

2.
2200
.

[21]

2.9 I
,

.
.

.
,
,
.
( ),
(
), .
.

.

.
,
2000.

.


.
,
.
.

,
.

. ,
,
.

(, , ).
.
, ,

.
[22]



.

.

.

.
,
, .


.

.
,

.
.

[23]

 3:
3.1

.
250.000 .

.
.
15 44 .


. ,
.

. ,

() .

, , , ,
, .

.
25% 30% .
.

3.2
3.2.1


:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
[24]

i.

.
.
 Q
.

3.


.

.


.
ii.

.

,

.

.

.


.


.
iii.
 ,
, ,
3

. U,H A.
U .

[25]

 .
 ,

.
 ,

. .

,

.
iv.

. ,

( ).

.

.

3.2.2
1/10.
. ,
.


, ,
,
. ,
.


. ,
.
.
.

[26]

 . ,
.


.

.

.
.
,
. , .

.
:
i.
.

.
,
.
ii.
.

.
. ,
.
iii.
,
. ,

( ).

.
iv. .

. ,

. ,


.
[27]

[28]

 4:
(
), ,
.

4.1 -

. ,
(pop)
.
.

.
4 12 .
.
,
70%. .

.

:
:

:
,
, ,

(pop);

:
;
:

;

[29]

:
: ,
,

4.2 -

.


.
,
.
.

.



,, .
()
. ,

,
.
.

[30]

4.2.1 Lachman (Ritchie, Trillat Lachman-Trillat)

.
.

.
20 30.

.
. ,
,
.


.
:

: 1-5mm
: 6-10mm
:

>10mm

,
-.
:
) .

30 .
) Lachman.
.
.
)
25.

.
(
).
)
.
20 30.
[31]

) .
.

.
) .

. (
).
)
30.

.

.
.

.

Lachman

4.2.2 (Drawer Sign)

. Lachman
. 90 45.

. .

(
).
( ).
[32]

 6 .
:
( )





-

,
(,
) . ,
,

. ,
,

.
.
,

.
9090. .
90
. ,
,
.

,
.
(
), .

:

-

[33]




.
- ,
.
,
,
(acruate spin test).

Feagin.
.
,

.

.
.

4.2.3 ()
.
,
( ).
[34]

 ,
.

, .

(),
.
.

4.3 -
4.3.1 (Gravity drawer test)
.
45
90.
, ,
.
90-110 .
1
90. ,
.

:

-


,
, 90-100.
,
,
( ).


.

[35]

4.3.2 Lachman (reverse Lachman test)

30.

( ).
,

(
).

4.3.3
.

4.3.4 (Godfrey test)

90.
.
.
.

4.4

(
[36]

 ). ,
(MRI)
95% .
.


.

[37]

4.5


. -1000

( 20-30 Lachman).

KT-1000

[38]

 5:
5.1
- -
.
,

. .
,

.

.
, ,
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
,


. ,


.
80%
,
, . ,
,
. ,

.

.

[39]

5.2 ()

. 100.000
. :


 5


 3

5mm

:







. .

:






( )

.

[40]

5.3
:
 ( )
 ( -)
 -

, ,
, , ,
.
.

.
--
.
,
.

[41]

-
- :

.

.

:
,
,

.
.

( )
1725-2195
242-306 /mm. ,
[42]

 70kg
823
. ,
,
.

.
,
138-170% 125% .
,
200% 300%
.
.
,
. ,


(
).

.

[43]

5.3.1
:
.
: ,
, , .

.

[44]

 ,
.
,

.

.

,

.

.

,
.
, 15-41%
.
. ,
2-10%.
,

.

(Lyscholm Knee score, Tegner Activity Scale, Kujala test, International
Knee Documentetion Committee Scale, Cincinnati Sports Activity Score).
, ,
, , ,
..

( ) ,
.
1 24o
.
,

( ).
Avery ,
3-4 ,
. ,
, 1218 . (Yunes et al.)

, 18%
[45]


.
:
. ,

,
.
, ,
, , ,
.

. . ,

18%.


.
,

.4

. ,
-
-
-
- .
, ,

,
.

5.3.2

80

4

-1000.

[46]

. - .
,
, ,,
.

, ,
.
.

(revised
operation) .

. ,
.
.

(
)



5.3.2.1
,
, .
:
.
(HIV) AIDS. 1989

1:1.600.000.
,
.

[47]

:
,
. Clostiridium
sordelli

.
(
).
:

. ,

.
5.
,
2
. , fresh-frozen
freeze-dried
.
6
.
,
18 2-3,5 . ,
,
.
:
.


.

5.3.3

70.
5

4 : 1) 2)
( ) 3)
4) .

[48]

, ,
.
,
(, ).
855 (
) 4078% .

[49]

 6:

6.1.
(1982)

6-8
.
9 12 . 1983
(CPM).
,
-
-

.
. ,
:




(
)


.

.
, 1986

,

4-6 .
4 .

. 5 6
[50]

 .

.

6.2
:







:
4-6
9-12 .
6,
(R)

.
- :

,
.
:
7

.
DeCarlo et al

(
80% ).
6
76,81% (0.5)
6

,

.
7

[51]

 ( DeCarlo).
, 3 6
,

.
3 ,
92% ,
.
12 ,

(98,7%) (95,1%).


(>80%).

10 .

.


, (70-90%
).

.

6.3

:
,
. 1) , 2)
, 3) 4)
.
.
6

.
6

. , 46 ,
[52]

 . ,
.

- 3 -

.

. ,

.
,

. ,

.

:
( ).


.

24 (6 )8. ,



.
( 4,4%)
.

:


.

(
).


8

3 .

[53]

 McDonald et al.
20-33
.
.
,
5
, ,
.
, ,
.

[54]

 7:



()
().
()
: )

'
, )

)
.

, ,
.
,
,

.
(in vivo,
)

.

(, )
.
(
, , )
.
. ,
,
.

. .

( )
.
[55]

 ,
.
. ,
,

.
,
.
( ). ,
,

.

,
.

,
,
,
.

.
. ,
.

[56]

 8:

. ,
70.

8.1
sprays,
, , ,
,
(Cryocuff) .

8.1.1 (Cryocuff)

.

.

. 9

.
.
Cryocuff

[57]

8.2

: 3

7 . 5-12
.
3 : ,
(
).

,
. . ,

. ,

. ,
(contractility).

8.3

,
(.
)
(
).

8.4



.
,
.
.
,

. ,
,
.
[58]


()
.

.

.
.


().

. ,
Ruffini
().
Ib
-

.

.
,

.

8.5


.
, .

.

.

( ).

.

crepe (dressings)
[59]

.
.

.
.

placebo

.

30 (
0 C

- 3,9 oC).

0 C.

30
.
.

.
.
(.
).
(. 40 ).

.
. .

[60]

 9:
(CPM)
9.1
(CPM),
,
. ,
,
24 7
. ,
.

.
Robert Salter.

9.2 CPM

,
, ,


.
CPM :






 ,





[61]

9.3 CPM


.
CPM
.
,

. CPM
- 6 / 4
.

CPM

[62]

 10: (CYBEX)
10.1


.
,
. ,

.

.

[63]

10.2
James Perrine
1960.
,
. .

,
:
:
,
,
.
:



.
:
,

.


: Bernouli,
( ) ( )
.

.

.
:
,
, ,
,
. ,
. ,

.

[64]

10.3

()

( )

.
( ),
.
. ,

.

[65]

 Cybex

[66]

 11:



.
.
:
1)

, 2) , 3)

, 4) 5)
. 1 2

.

11.1 -


.


(, ,
, , ).
,

(, , pivoting)
.

11.2

Cryocuff ( ).

[67]

11.3

.

.
(Cyclops lesion)

. ,

.

11.4

()
-.

.

11.5


.
.


.
,

.


.

, .


.

[68]



( , , ).
.


.


.

,

.

.
.

[69]

 12:

12.1

(, ,
)
. , -
-
, ,
.


.
,
.



.
. ,

, ,

.


. , ,
,
. ,

.
,
,
.

[70]

12.2 -

.

. ()
2

.
.
-wrap 6
.
.
.
,
2
. ,

.
, ,
(2-3 )
(8 ). , ,
2 (10-14 ).
(12-16 ) ,
(4-6 ).

12.2.1

.


, .
45-
-
. ,

0
.
.
,
[71]

 . , ,
,
,
.
, 5 kg.

, .

.
,
.
.

12.2.2

.

.

.


.



.

[72]

12.2.3

.
,
. .

(, , ).

.

.


.
,
2
.
.
10
2 .
2
.
2
.

.

, .

[73]

 ,

.
. ,
,
. ,
0-90 7
7-10 .
2-4
.

,
.


.

12.2.4

.

. ,
,
. ,
,

( ). ,

.

,
(Straight Leg Raising SLR), SLR

.

.

. ,
.


.
[74]

[75]

12.2.5

,
.
.
2
,
.
,
.
(
) .
.


.
2 ,

. 2030 2-5
. ,

30.
,
( )
.
,

.
2-3
,
, .
(, ),
,
. ,
,
(). ,
.
,
.

(, ) (
) .
[76]


-.
deep walk
.

. .

, 1-2
.
: , ,
, .
,

.
,
.
- -
, , ,
-,
.
. ,

, () .

,

.
.
2-3
.
. ,
(
30o).
1,5-2,5kg.
,
,
.
( , ) ,
.


(deep walking)
.
[77]


.

,
().
,


,
.
, ,

.
- ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
.
8
. ,

. , ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
.
.

. ,
.
, ,
slide boards
.
,
.

[78]

[79]

12.2.6

. ,

.
,
.

,
.


.

,
,

,

.

12.2.7

.

. ,
.
,
.


.
,
.

, , ,
.
.
[80]

12.2.8



.

,

.
,
,
, , , ,
, 45 90 ,
.

.
(
)
.
,
.

.

[81]

12.3

.

.
.

,
.

.
91%
39% .


.
.
-- ()

. .


.


.





.


.

.


.

.
6
[82]

, .
4
, 2
, 2 (6-8),
. 8
.
6 ,
6-12 .

12 ,
12-14 , 16

5,5-6 .
.
85%-93%
.
glietti
.



. ,

.
,
. ,
(
)
.
, , .
,

.

.

[83]

 13:

:
1.
2.
3.

13.1
13% ,
.
.
3
,
.
1 2 ,


.

,


.
,

. ,

.

,
, .

[84]

,
. ,

. ,
.


,
.

13.2

.
1% .


. ,

.

,
( 14
). ,

.
,
.

13.3


.

,

, .

.

[85]


,
,
.
.
: 0-65 5 , 0-75 7
, 0-100 2 , 115 6
125 7 .
50% .. 1 , 75% 2
4 . 7-8
.
()
3
, 4
.
12
16 5
.

13.4
,
, 64-77%. Shelbourne
,

.
,
.


.

.


,
.

.

.
,
[86]


, .

.
8-10

. 8
, 60

16 .

,

. ,
,
: 90-100 2 ,
105-115 3 120-135 4 .

: 90 -100 2 , 105-115 3 120-135
4 .
()
1-2 .

Barber Click.
(24-72 ), 92%
, 67%
67%
.


.

[87]

 14:
,
()
. ,

. ,


, ,
.
, ,
.


.

:

:
1.
2.
3.
4. ()
5.
6.

[88]

SLRs ,

( , lunges, step-ups)

(4-6 ).

20 .
( ).

.
.

(1 7 )

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1
-Wrap
. .
:

(90
)
SLRs ,


[89]

: ,

(4-6 ).
0-45 ( ).

20 . (
).

2 3
-Wrap
.
2 .
-
4-6 .

90 60
90-40



SLRs ,

: ,

(4-6 ).
(CPM) 0-90.

20 .
( ).

4 7
EZ Wrap
...
2 .

4-6 ,
[90]

 90 5 100 7 .

:
90 60
90 40



SLRs ,

: ,

(4-6 ).
(CPM) 0-90.

20 .
( ).

(2-4 )

(
SLRs)

0-90

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

[91]

2
2 3 .
(
10 ).

(4-5 )
.
-1000 ( 15lbs).
:

SLRs 4

90 40

0-50

-

1 lb 1 lb
,

[92]

0-115

( )
40 100 (
)

step-ups
step-ups

( 4-10 )

0-115
>60%
( 60 )
-1000 (+1 )

:
1. 0-125
2.
3. ,

4.
5.
6. .
7. (4-5 )

8. -2000 4 20 lbs

[93]

4
:

90-40

Stepper

6
-2000, 20lbs 30lbs
:

8
-2000, 20lbs 30lbs
:

[94]

(90 40 ) (1200 2400/sec)

Stepper

10
-2000, 20lb 30lb test

180 300 /sec
:

(10-16 )

0-125
79% ,
/ 70-75%
-1000


( 180/sec)
75%
1
/ 66-75%
Hop test (80% )
( Noyes) 80

:
1.
2.
[95]

3.
4.

(16-22 )
5

-2000

80%

110%
70%

100%
85%

90




-2000,

[96]

-2000

12

-2000

****************

(1 7 )
(CPM) 0-90

(10-15Kg)

0. 0-90

( ,
)
 ( )









(2 4 )







0-105


90 40 1Kgr
0-40
[97]




4 6







0-115


Leg press (0 60o)
Stairmaster

7 9






0-130

Step-ups

9 14
 (step-ups, squats, leg
press)


 ( )

 ( )
 ( anti-shear 240 /sec 300 /sec 450 /sec)

(3 4 )





[98]

 (5 6 )





****************

0 115
60 %

test 70%

test 80%

****************

[99]


(Shelbourne and Nitz, 1990)

10 , CPM

2 3

SLRs ,
0-90, , ,

5 6

, CPM
, 10

, 60
90 , . :
0-90.
( )

0 - 110,
,

8 10

,
0-110 ,
, SLRs ,
, 90 45,
, , ()
.
:

0,5 Kgr

12 14

0 120, ,
, , step-ups ,

0 - 130,

,

,

[100]

Cybex 180 240deg /sec 20 block, KT-1000,

, 2 ,
, ,

7 8

Cybex, KT-1000, , /

/ jogging

/
() / /

9 12

80% ,
,

****************

(Shelbourne and Nitz, 1990)

CPM,
,

2 3

CPM, 0 90 (
),

2 4

/ CPM .
: 1)
2)
( ) 3)
SLRs 4)

[101]

7 10

, 1kg

, ,
, ,

,
step-ups,

/ /

2 3

0-110 ,
, step-ups, ,
StairMaster 4000, / leg
press, quarter squats
in squat rack, (), ,

(
4 )

5 6

0 - 130,
20 block 180 240 deg/sec.
70% ,
,
cariocas, jogging, ,
, , ,
. :
(
)

10

,
60,180 240 deg/sec, KT-1000,
,

16

4 6

(
,
,

[102]

KT-1000,

Step-ups

[103]

Cariocas

****************
[104]


,

. ,

, , .
,
,
.


.
,
.

.
.
: H
.

[105]














. . . 5
. , 1996.
, .
. , 1999.
. . . d.K.S, 2004.
. . . .
. . . 2 . University Studio
Press, 1997.
Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen. ,
. 3 . , 2003.
Frank H. Netter, M.D. . 2 .
.. , 1999.
Harry B. Skinner. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics.
4th Edition, 2006.
Mark D. Miller. Review of Orthopedics. Fourth edition. Elsevier Health
Sciences, 2004.
W. Kahle, H.Leonhardt, W.Platzer.
. , 1985.
.. Kapandji. .5 .
. , 2000.

 Ahmad CS, Stein BE, Jeshuran W, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament function
after tibial eminence fracture in skeletally mature patients. Am J Sports Med
2001 May-Jun; 29(3): 339-45.
 Arnold, T., Shelbourne, K.D. (2000). A Perioperative Rehabilitation Program
for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery. The Physician and Sportsmedicine.
[On-line].Available:
http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/200/01_00/shelbourne.htm
 Barberie JE, Carson BW, Finnegan M, Wong AD: Oblique sagittal view of the
anterior cruciate ligament: comparison of coronal vs. axial planes as localizing
sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001 Sep; 14(3): 203-6.
 Belanger MJ, Moore DC, Crisco JJ: Knee laxity does not yary with the menstrual
cycle, before or after exercise. Am J Sports Med 2004 Jul-Aug; 32(5): 1150-7.
 Boeree NR, Ackroyd CE: Magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate
ligament rupture. A new diagnostic sign. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992 Jul; 74(4):
614-6.
 Bollen SR. BASK Instructional lecture 3: Rehabilitation after ACL
reconstruction. Knee. 2001;8:75-77.
 Bonamo JJ, Fay C, Firestone T. The conservative treatment of the anterior
cruciate deficient knee. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:618-623.
 Brandser EA, Riley MA, Berbaum KS, et al: MR imaging of anterior cruciate
ligament injury: independent value of primary and secondary signs. AJR Am J
[106]

Roentgenol 1996 Jul; 167(1): 121-6.

 Brownstein, B., Bronner, S.(1997). Patella fractures Associated with
Accelerated ACL Rehabilitation in Patients with Autogenous Patella tendon
Reconstructions. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 26(3),
168 171.
 Bynum, E.B., Barrack, R. L., Alexander, A. H. (1995). Open versus closed chain
kinetic exercises after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A
prospective randomized study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(4),
401-406.
 Campos JC, Chung CB, Lektrakul N, et al: Pathogenesis of the Segond fracture:
anatomic and MR imaging evidence of an iliotibial tract or anterior oblique
band avulsion. Radiology 2001 May; 219(2): 381-6.
 Cannon WD Jr, Vittori JM: The incidence of healing in arthroscopic meniscal
repairs in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees versus stable knees.
Am J Sports Med 1992 Mar-Apr; 20(2): 176-81.
 Chan WP, Peterfy C, Fritz RC: MR diagnosis of complete tears of the anterior
cruciate ligament of the knee: importance of anterior subluxation of the tibia.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994 Feb; 162(2): 355-60.
 Chmielewski TL, Stackhouse S, Axe MJ, Synder-Mackler L. A prospective
analysis of incidence and severity of quadriceps inhibition in a consecutive
sample of 100 patients with complete acute anterior cruciate ligament
rupture. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:925-30 .
 Ciccotti MG, Lombardo SJ, Nonweiler B, Pink M: Non-operative treatment of
ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in middle-aged patients. Results
after long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994 Sep; 76(9): 1315-21.
 Cobby MJ, Schweitzer ME, Resnick D: The deep lateral femoral notch: an
indirect sign of a torn anterior cruciate ligament. Radiology 1992 Sep; 184(3):
855-8.
 Cosgarea AJ, Sebastianeili WJ, DeHaven KE: Prevention of arthrofibrosis after
anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the central third patellar
tendon autograft. Am J Sports Med 1995 Jan-Feb; 23(1): 87-92.
 Cross, Mervyn J. (1998). Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Treatment and
Rehabilitation. Retrieved September 2001 from Encyclopedia of Sports
Medicine and Science http://www.sportssci.org
 Crues JV III, ed: The Raven MRI Teaching File. 1st ed. Lippincott- Raven; 1991.
 Daniel DM, Malcom LL, Losse G: Instrumented measurement of anterior laxity
of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985 Jun; 67(5): 720- 6.
 DeCarlo, M.S., Shelbourne, K.D., McCarroll, J.R., Rettig, A.C. (1992).
Traditional versus Accelerated Rehabilitation following ACL Reconstruction: A
One-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,
15(6), 309-316.
 Delzell PB, Schils JP, Recht MP: Subtle fractures about the knee: innocuousappearing yet indicative of significant internal derangement.
[107]

 DeVita, P., Hortobagyi, T., Barrier, J. (1998). Gait biomechanics are not normal
after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and accelerated rehabilitation.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(10), 1481- 1488.
 Dickey, Patrice. Young Wrestler Competes to Win After Arthroscopic Knee
Repair. Retrieved December 2, 2001 from Advanced Surgery center of
Georgia
http://www.advancedsurgerycenter.com/specialties/articles/podiatryarts2.ht
m
 Dimond PM, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, et al: A comparison of MRI findings in
patients with acute and chronic CAL tears. Am J Knee Surg 1998 Summer;
11(3): 153-9.
 Draper, V., Ladd, C. (1993). Subjective evaluation of function following
moderately accelerated rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament
reconstructed knees. Journal of Athletic Training, 28(1), 38-41, & 86-87.
 Dye SF, Wojtys EM, Fu FH, et al: Factors contributing to function of the knee
joint after injury or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Instr
Course Lect 1999; 48: 185-98.
 Fu, F. H., Woo, S. L-Y., Irrgang, J.J. (1992). Current Concepts for Rehabilitation
following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Journal of Orthopaedic
and Sports Physical Therapy, 15(6), 270- 278.
 Gardner E, O'Rahilly R: The early development of the knee joint in staged
human embryos. J Anat 1968 Jan; 102(2): 289-99.
 Geteleman MH, Friedman MD: Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
1999; 7:189-198.
 Glasgow, S. G., Gabriel, J.P., Sapega, A.A., Glasgow, M.T., Torg, J.S. (1993).
The effect of early versus late return to vigorous activities on the outcome of
anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. American Journal of Sports
Medicine, 21(2), 243- 248.
 Hardin, J.A., Voight, M.L., Blackburn, T.A., Canner, G.C., Soffer, S.R. (1997).
The Effects of Decelerated Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Reconstruction on a Hyperelastic Female Adolescent: A Case Study.
Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 26(1), 29-34.
 Herrington L, Wrapson C, Matthews M, Matthews H. Anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction, hamstring versus bone-patella tendon-bone grafts:
a systematic literature review of outcome from surgery. Knee. 2005; 12:4150.
 Hewson GF Jr, Mendini RA, Wang JB: Prophylactic knee bracing in college
football. Am J Sports Med 1986 Jul-Aug; 14(4): 262-6.
 Johnson DL, Harner CD, Maday MG: Revision anterior cruciate ligament
surgery. Knee Surgery 1994; 1: 877-895.
 Larson RL, Tailon M: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency: Principles of
Treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 1994;
2: 26-35.
[108]

 MacDonald, P.B., Hedden, D., Pacin, O., Huebert, D. (1995). Effects of an

Accelerated Rehabilitation Program after Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction with Combined Semitendinosus-Gracilis Autograft and a
Ligament Augmentation Device. The American Journal of Sports Medicine,
23(5), 588-592.
 Maday MG, Harner CD, Fu FH: Evaluation and treatment. The Crucial
Ligaments: Diagnosis, Treatment of Ligamentous Injuries About the Knee.
1994,711-723.
 Magee, D.J. (1997). Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders Company.
 Miyasaka KC, Daniel DM, Stone ML: The incidence of knee ligament injuries in
the general population. Am J of Knee Surg 1991; 4: 3-8.
 Montgomery KD, Herschman EB, Nicholas S: Anterior cruciate ligament
injuries. In: Arendt EA, ed. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Sports Medicine 2.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1999; 307-316.
 Muneta, T., Sekiya, I., Oguchi, T., Yagishita, K., Yamamoto, H., Shinomiya, K.
(1998). Effects of aggressive early rehabilitation on the outcome of anterior
cruciate ligament reconstruction with multi-strand semitendinosus tendon.
International Orthopaedics, 22(6), 352-356.
 Noyes FR, Butler DL, Grood ES: Biomechanical analysis of human ligament
grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions. J Bone Joint Surg
[Am] 1984 Mar; 66(3): 344-52.
 Risberg MA, Lewek M, Snyder-Mackler L. A systematic review of evidence for
anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation: how much and what type? Physical
Therapy Sport. 2004;5:125-145.
 Shelbourne KD, Nitz P. Accelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:292-299.
 Shelbourne, K.D., Gray, T. (1997). Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
with Autogenous Patellar Tendon Graft Followed by Accelerated
Rehabilitation. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(6), 786-795.
 Shelbourne, K.D., Klootwyk, T.E., DeCarlo, M.S. (1992). Update on Accelerated
Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Journal of
Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 15(6), 303-307.
 Shelbourne, K.D., Klootwyk, T.E., Wilckens, J.H., DeCarlo, M.S. (1995).
Ligament Stability Two to Six Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction with Autogenous Patellar Tendon Graft and Participation in
Accelerated Rehabilitation Program. The American Journal of Sports
Medicine, 23(5), 575-579.
 Shelbourne, K.D., Nitz, P. (1992). Accelerated Rehabilitation after Anterior
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical
Therapy, 15(6), 256-264.
 Tyler, T.F., McHugh, M.P., Gleim, G.W., Nicholas, S.J. (1998). The effect of
immediate weightbearing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 357, 141-148.
[109]