Chapter 1 - Section B - Non-Numerical Solutions

1.1 This system of units is the English-system equivalent of SI. Thus, gc = 1(lbm )(ft)(poundal)1 (s)2 1.2 (a) Power is power, electrical included. Thus, Nm kgm2 energy [=] [=] time s s3 (b) Electric current is by denition the time rate of transfer of electrical charge. Thus Power [=] Charge [=] (electric current)(time) [=] As (c) Since power is given by the product of current and electric potential, then kgm2 power [=] current As3 (d) Since (by Ohms Law) current is electric potential divided by resistance, Electric potential [=] electric potential kgm2 [=] 3 current A2 s (e) Since electric potential is electric charge divided by electric capacitance, Resistance [=] Capacitance [=] 1.3 The following are general: ln x = ln 10 log10 x P sat /kPa = P sat /torr 100 kPa 750.061 torr (A) (B) (C) 100 750.061 charge A2 s [=] electric potential kgm2
4

t/ C = T /K 273.15 By Eqs. (B) and (A), ln P sat /kPa = ln 10 log10 P sat /torr + ln The given equation for log10 P sat /torr is: log10 P sat /torr = a Combining these last two equations with Eq. (C) gives: ln P sat /kPa = ln 10 a b T /K 273.15 + c b T /K 273.15 + c + ln 100 750.061 b t/ C + c

= 2.3026 a

2.0150

Comparing this equation with the given equation for ln P sat /kPa shows that: A = 2.3026 a 2.0150 B = 2.3026 b 621 C = c 273.15

1.9 Reasons result from the fact that a spherical container has the minimum surface area for a given interior volume. Therefore: (a) A minimum quantity of metal is required for tank construction. (b) The tensile stress within the tank wall is everywhere uniform, with no sites of stress concentration. Moreover, the maximum stress within the tank wall is kept to a minimum. (c) The surface area that must be insulated against heat transfer by solar radiation is minimized. 1.17 Kinetic energy as given by Eq. (1.5) has units of massvelocity2 . Its fundamental units are therefore: E K [=] kgm2 s2 [=] Nm [=] J Potential energy as given by Eq. (1.7) has units of masslengthacceleration. Its fundamental units are therefore: E P [=] kgmms2 [=] Nm [=] J 1.20 See Table A.1, p. 678, of text. 1(atm) 1 bar = 1/0.986923 = 1.01325 bar 1(Btu) 1 kJ = 1/0.947831 = 1.05504 kJ 1(hp) 0.75 kW = 1/1.34102 = 0.745701 kW 1(in) 2.5 cm = 2.54 cm exactly, by denition (see p. 651 of text) 1(lbm ) 0.5 kg = 0.45359237 kg exactly, by denition (see p. 651 of text) 1(mile) 1.6 km = 5280/3280.84 = 1.60934 km 1(quart) 1 liter = 1000/(264.172 4) = 0.94635 liter (1 liter 1000 cm3 ) 1(yard) 1 m = (0.0254)(36) = 0.9144 m exactly, by denition of the (in) and the (yard) An additional item could be: 1(mile)(hr)1 0.5 m s1 = (5280/3.28084)(1/3600) = 0.44704 m s1 1.21 One procedure here, which gives results that are internally consistent, though not exact, is to assume: 1 Year [=] 1 Yr [=] 364 Days This makes 1 Year equivalent to exactly 52 7-Day Weeks. Then the average Month contains 30 1 Days 3 and 4 1 Weeks. With this understanding, 3 1 Year [=] 1 Yr [=] 364 Days [=] (364)(24)(3600) = 31,449,600 Seconds Whence, 1 Sc [=] 31.4496 Second 1 Mn [=] 314.496 Second 1 Hr [=] 3144.96 Second 1 Dy [=] 31449.6 Second 1 Wk [=] 314496. Second 1 Mo [=] 3144960 Second 1 Second [=] 0.031797 Sc 1 Minute [=] 60 Second [=] 0.19078 Mn 1 Hour [=] 3600 Second [=] 1.14469 Hr 1 Day [=] (24)(3600) Second [=] 2.74725 Dy 1 Week [=] (7)(24)(3600) Second [=] 1.92308 Wk 1 Month [=] (4 1 )(7)(24)(3600) Second[=] 0.83333 Mo 3

The nal item is obviously also the ratio 10/12.

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