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GPAT Excellence Series

CONTENTS
SECTION 1
Physical pharmacy

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

States of Matter Micromeretics and Powder Rheology Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon Viscosity and Rheology Dispersion Systems Complexation Kinetics and Drug Stability

SECTION 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Unit operations

Stoichiometry Fluid Flow Heat transfer Evaporation Distillation Drying Size Reduction Mixing Filtration and Centrifugation Crystallization Dehumidification and Humidity Control Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Material of Construction Material Handling Systems Corrosion Plant location

GPAT Excellence Series

17. Industrial Hazards and Safety Precautions 18. Automated Process Control Systems

SECTION 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Pharmaceutical Technology

Tablets Capsules Micro-encapsulation Parenteral Products Ophthalmic Preparations Pharmaceutical Aerosols Liquid Dosages Forms Semisolid Dosage Forms Suppositories Extraction and Galenical Products Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes Cosmeticology and Cosmetic Preparations Surgical products Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products

SECTION 4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology

Importance of microbiology in pharmacy Structure of bacterial cell; Classification of microbes and their taxonomy Identification of Microbes Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods Sterilization Immunology and Immunological Preparations Genetic Recombination Antibiotics Microbial Transformations Enzyme Immobilization

GPAT Excellence Series

SECTION 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

Pharmaceutical Ethics Pharmacy Act 1948 Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 Medicinal & Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955 Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 & Rules Drugs Price Control Order Poisons Act 1919 Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954 Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 & Rules 1975 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 States Shops & Establishments Act & Rules Insecticides Act 1968 AICTE Act 1987 Factories Act 1948 Minimum Wages Act 1948 Patents Act 1970

SECTION 6

Designing of dosage forms

1. Pre-formulation studies 2. Stabilization and stability testing 3. ICH Guidelines for stability testing of formulations 4. Performance evaluation methods 5. Bioavailability studies and bioavailability testing 6. GMP and quality assurance, Quality audit 7. Novel Drug delivery System

GPAT Excellence Series

SECTION 7
1. 2. 3. 4. Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Clinical Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability and bioequivalence

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics

SECTION 8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Inorganic Chemistry

Importance of inorganic compounds in pharmacy and medicine Gastrointestinal Agents Major Intra- and Extra-cellular Electrolytes Essential and Trace Elements Topical Agents Gases and Vapors Dental Products Miscellaneous Agents Pharmaceutical Aids Used in Pharmaceutical Industry Acids, Bases and Buffers Inorganic Radiopharmaceuticals

SECTION 9

Organic Chemistry

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Importance of fundamentals of organic chemistry in pharmaceutical sciences Structure and Properties Stereochemistry Stereoselective and stereospecific reactions Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and Reactions of

GPAT Excellence Series

a. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cyclic analogs, Dienes, Benzene, Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Arenes, Alkyl halides, Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, Phenols, Aldehydes and ketones, Carboxylic acids, Functional derivatives of' carboxylic acids, a,-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, Reactive intermediates- carbocations, carbanions, carbenes and nitrenes; Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions; Rearrangements (Beckman, Hoffman, Benzilic acid, pinacole-pinacolone and Beyer-Villiger) Elimination reactions; Conservation of Orbital Symmetry and Rules Neighboring group effects; Catalysis by transition metal complexes Heterocyclic Compounds

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION 10
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Biochemistry

Chemistry of lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins Biochemistry in pharmaceutical sciences; The concept of free energy Enzymes Co-enzymes The Citric Acid Cycle Lipids Metabolism Biological Oxidation Metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen containing monomers Purine biosynthesis Pyrimidine biosynthesis Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Mutation Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis

SECTION 11
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Medicinal Chemistry

Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry Drug metabolism and Concept of Prodrugs Principles of Drug Design (Theoretical Aspects) Drugs acting on the Autonomic nervous system Drugs acting on the central nervous system

GPAT Excellence Series

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Drugs acting on Cardiovascular drugs Autacoids Chemotherapeutic Agents Anti-Cancer Drugs Immunosuppressives and immunostimulants Steroidal Drugs Diagnostic agents Pharmaceutical Aids

SECTION 12

Pharmaceutical Analysis

Spectroscopy
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Basic Spectroscopy Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry Infrared spectrophotometry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry (EI & CI only) Flame Photometry Fluorimetry Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy X-ray Diffraction Analysis Radioimmunoassay Quality assurance

Chromatography
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Basic Chromatography TLC HPLC GLC HPTLC Paper Chromatography Column Chromatography

GPAT Excellence Series Different techniques of pharmaceutical analysis

20. Preliminaries and definitions 21. Fundamentals of volumetric analysis 22. Acid Base Titrations 23. Oxidation Reduction Titrations 24. Precipitation Titrations 25. Gravimetric Analysis 26. Non-aqueous titrations 27. Complexometric titrations 28. Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis 29. Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from excipients 30. Potentiometry 31. Conductometry 32. Coulometry 33. Polarography 34. Amperometry

SECTION 13

Physical Chemistry

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Importance of basic fundamentals of physical chemistry in pharmacy Behaviour of Gases The Liquid State Solutions Thermodynamics Thermochemical equations; Phase rule; Adsorption Photochemistry Chemical Kinetics Quantum Mechanics

GPAT Excellence Series

SECTION 14
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Pharmacology

Fundamentals of general pharmacology Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System Pharmacology of Central Nervous System Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System Drugs Acting on the Hemopoietic System Drugs acting on urinary system Autacoids Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract Pharmacology of Endocrine System Chemotherapy Principles of Toxicology Basic Concepts of Pharmacotherapy Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Concept of Essential Drugs and Rational Drug use

SECTION 15

Pathophysiology

1. Cell Injury and Adaptations 2. Inflammation 3. Immunopathophysiology a. T and B cells, MHC proteins, antigen presenting cells, immune tolerance, pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune diseases, AIDS, Amyloidosis 4. Pathophysiology of Common Diseases: a. Depression, Asthma, Peptic ulcer, Ulcerative colitis, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus and Thyroid disorders, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections, Enteric infections, Upper respiratory infections, Anemias, Rheumatic diseases, Gout and Hyperuricemia, Acute Leukaemias, Hodgkin's disease. b. Asthma, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, ulcerative colitis, neoplasia, psychosis, depression, mania, epilepsy, acute and chronic renal failure, hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial

GPAT Excellence Series

infarction, congestive heart failure, peptic ulcer, anemias, hepatic disorders, tuberculosis, urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases.

SECTION 16

Pharmacognosy

1. Sources of Drugs 2. Classification of Drugs 3. Study of medicinally important plants belonging to the families with special reference to: a. Apocynacae, Solanaceae, Rutacease, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae, Graminae, Labiatae, Cruciferae, Papaveraceae; 4. Cultivation, Collection, Processing and Storage of Crude Drugs a. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants, Types of soils and fertilizers of common use. Pest management and natural pest control agents, Plant hormones and their applications, Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants. 5. Quality Control of Crude Drugs 6. CARBOHYDRATES and derived products a. agar, guar gum acacia, Honey, Isabagol, pectin, Starch, sterculia and Tragacanth; 7. Lipids a. Bees wax, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Codliver oil, Hydnocarpus oil, Kokum butter, Lard, Linseed oil, Rice, Bran oil, Shark liver oil and Wool fat; 8. RESINS a. Study of Drugs Containing Resins and Resin Combinations like Colophony, podophyllum, jalap, cannabis, capsicum, myrrh, asafoetida, balsam of Tolu, balsam of Peru, benzoin, turmeric, ginger; 9. TANNINS a. Study of tannins and tannin containing drugs like Gambier, black catechu, gall and myrobalan; 10. VOLATILE OILS a. General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants, Study of volatile oils of Mentha, Coriander, Cinnamon, Cassia, Lemon peel, Orange peel, Lemon grass, Citronella, Caraway, Dill, Spearmint, Clove, Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus,

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GPAT Excellence Series

Chenopodium, Cardamom, Valerian, Musk, Palmarosa, Gaultheria, Sandal wood; Phytochemical Screening a. Preparation of extracts, Screening of alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides and bufadienolides, flavonoids and leucoanthocyanidins, tannins and polyphenols, anthraquinones, cynogenetic glycosides, amino acids in plant extracts; FIBERS a. Study of fibers used in pharmacy such as cotton, silk, wool, nylon, glass-wool, polyester and asbestos. GLYCOSIDE CONTAINING DRUGS a. Saponins i. Liquorice, ginseng, dioscorea, sarsaparilla, and senega. b. Cardioactive glycosides i. Digitalis, squill, strophanthus and thevetia, c. Anthraquinon cathartics i. Aloe, senna, rhubarb and cascara, d. Others i. Psoralea, Ammi majus, Ammi visnaga, gentian, saffron, chirata, quassia. ALKALOID CONTAINING DRUGS a. Pyridine-piperidine i. Tobacco, areca and lobelia. b. Tropane i. Belladonna, hyoscyamus, datura, duboisia, coca and withania. c. Quinoline and Isoquinoline i. Cinchona, ipecac, opium. d. Indole i. Ergot, rauwolfia, catharanthus, nux-vomica and physostigma. e. Imidazole i. Pilocarpus. f. Steroidal i. Veratrum and kurchi. g. Alkaloidal Amine i. Ephedra and colchicum. h. Glycoalkaloid i. Solanum. i. Purines i. Coffee, tea and cola. Enzymes

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GPAT Excellence Series

a. Diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin. 16. Studies of Traditional Drugs 17. General Techniques of Biosynthetic Studies and Basic Metabolic Pathways/Biogenesis a. Terpenes i. monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenoids. b. Carotenoids i. a-carotenoids, -carotenes, vitamin A, Xanthophylls of medicinal importance. c. Glycosides i. Digitoxin, digoxin, hecogenin, sennosides, diosgenin and sarasapogenin. d. Alkaloids i. Atropine and related compounds, Quinine, Reserpine, Morphine, Papaverine, Ephedrine, Ergot and Vinca alkaloids. e. Lignans, quassanoids and flavonoids. 18. Role of plant-based drugs on National economy 19. World-wide trade in medicinal plants and derived products 20. Plant Tissue Culture 21. Marine pharmacognosy 22. Natural allergens and photosensitizing agents and fungal toxins. 23. Herbs as health foods. 24. Herbal cosmetics. 25. Standardization and quality control of herbal drugs, WHO guidelines for the standardization of herbal drugs.