13th Middle East Power Systems Conference, MEPCON2009, Assuit University, Egypt, December 20-23, 2009

UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

"Electrical Interconnection between Turkey and Europe: Problems and Solutions"

Prof. Dr.-Eng. Harald Weber M.Sc. Eng. Ibrahim Nassar

Post address: University of Rostock, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,D-18059 Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 2 (0381) 498Resid.: (0381) 498-7101 Phone: (0381) 498-7102 Fax: harald.weber@uni-rostock.de e-mail: Ibrahim Nassar Editor: ibrahim.nassar@uni-rostock.de e-mail: Homepage: http://www.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/ee/
Harald Weber: Head of the Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany (e-mail: harald.weber@uni-rostock.de) Ibrahim A. Nassar: Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany (e-mail: ibrahim.nassar@ uni-rostock.de)

Table of Content
Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3 General Information................................................................................................................... 3 Overall Objective and Project Purpose...................................................................................... 3 Activities of the Project ............................................................................................................. 4 Objectives and Contributions of the Task 2 and Task 3............................................................ 5 Objectives and Methodology of Stability Studies of Task 4 ..................................................... 5 System Modeling ....................................................................................................................... 5 1-Turkish Network.....5 Modeling of static data (network data) of the Turkish Power System.5 Dynamic Model of the Turkish Power System5 2-UCTE Network (simplified dynamic model , 82 nodes )...6 3-Interface Turkey - UCTE....7 WAMS in the Turkish Power System ....................................................................................... 7 Simulation and Measurements (Task2 and Task3).................................................................... 8 1-Island Mode.....8 Outage of Temelli GPP (730MW) at 27/09/20098 Trumpet Curve Samples in 27 of September 2009..8 Output Power of all Plants(GPPs,TPPs and TPPs)..8 2-Interconnected Mode9 Outage of Can TPP (288 MW).9 Load behavior (20 second/sample) at 16 June 20099 Simulation and Measurements (Task 4) .................................................................................. 10 Conclusion10 Reference. ..............................................................................................................................111

Introduction
The main scope of this work is to study Improvements of Primary and Secondary Control of the Turkish Power System for Interconnection with the European Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE) System. This topic covers two applications of primary and secondary control performance. The objective of primary control is to maintain a balance between generation and consumption (demand) within the synchronous area, using turbine governors. Primary control starts within seconds. Secondary control replaces primary control after minutes by the responsible partner .Secondary control maintains a balance between generation and consumption (demand) within each control area as well as the system frequency within the synchronous area and the exchange power, taking into account the control program, without impairing the Primary control that is operated in the synchronous area in parallel. Secondary control makes use of a centralised and continuous automatic generation control (AGC), modifying the active power set points / adjustments of generation sets / controllable load in the time-frame of seconds up to typically 15 minutes after an incident. Secondary control is based on secondary control reserves that are under automatic control. This project concerns the classical stability problems Small Signal Stability (Rotor Stability)", which are the most important stability problems regarding the possible future parallel operation of the Turkish Power System with UCTE. Small Signal Stability (or Rotor Stability) means the absence of increasing inter-area oscillations between the generators of the European and Turkish Power System. This work is the result of an intensive joint collaboration of the power system operators who are directly concerned with the extension of the UCTE interconnected system by the power system of Turkey.

General Information
Title of the Project: Rehabilitation of the frequency control Performance of the Turkish Power System for synchronous Operation with UCTE Sector : Energy Location: The Republic of Turkey Implementing Agency: Central Finance and Contracts Unit (CFCU). Beneficiary: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Overall Cost: 2,500,000 EU Contribution: 2,500,000

Overall Objective and Project Purpose

Overall Objectives: The overall objective is to fully integrate the Turkish Electricity Market to the EU Internal Electricity Market. Purpose of the Project: Turkish Power System is prepared for future parallel operation with UCTE regarding power and frequency control, steady state and transient stability. Static Studies: Concerning the Static Studies the objective is to:

Investigate (in terms of static security considering standard security rules) technical feasibility of the interconnection of the Turkish system to UCTE by three 400 kV lines, two lines between Hamitabat (Turkey) Maritsa (Bulgaria) and one line between N.Santa (Greece) and Babaeski (Turkey to be committed later, the topological situation right after the connection of Turkey. Figure 1 illustrates the systems modelled for the purpose of the study. Calculate the maximum allowable total Import-Export between Turkey and Southeast European countries using load flow and small signal stability analysis. 3

Activities of the Project

Task 1 Process Aim Survey of Power Plants Control Systems Process Steps
Review/Inventory of technical data of larger power plants Analysis of current control systems (AVR, PSS, Turbine Governors) Report

Responsibility
TEIAS, Manufacturer, Tbitiak, EUAS AVR/PSS: Manufacturer, ESO (NEK) HPP governor: Manufacturer, ESO (NEK), University of Rostock, SwissGrid, Tbitiak TPP/NGCPP governor: Manufacturer, ESO (NEK), RWE TSO RWE TSO, SwissGrid, ESO (NEK) EUAS, Manufacture, Tbitiak, (RWE TSO, SwissGrid, University of Rostock), ESO(NEK)

2,3

Accomplishment of stable Frequency Control

Primary Control Performance

A B
Determination of Test Procedures/Performance Criteria Current Individual Unit Performance for specified operating conditions (Practical tests/Analytical consideration) Control Modes/Structures Contribution in Primary Control etc. Determination of requirements for Stability of Frequency Control(30 seconds oscillation) Comparison C with B Catalogue of Measures

C D

University Rostock,

Secondary Control Performance

A B C
Analysis of current design and control performance Catalogue of Measures Implementation +Test

Manufacturer, University of Rostock, RWE TSO, SwissGrid, EUAS TEIAS, SwissGrid, University of Rostock, ESO (NEK) Manufacturers, University, ESO (NEK) Manufacturers, University of Varna Manufacturers, University of Varna, ESO (NEK)

Improvement of Small Signal Stability (Damping of interarea oscillations)

Voltage Control and PSS

A B C Determination of Test Procedures Current Individual Unit Performance for specified operating conditions (Practical/Analytical) Determination of requirements for voltage control and damping performance Comparison C with B Catalogue of Measures (e.g. Modification of existing voltage controllers/ implementation of PSS, Tuning Studies, Interaction of PSS with governors Analytical Validation (Eigenvalue Analysis) Influence of governors on 7 second inter area oscillations Determination of requirements to mitigate negative effects on damping performance Comparison with Frequency Control Requirements Catalogue of Measures Implementation +Test

RWE TSO University of Rostock

Turbine Governors (HPP)

A B C D E

EUAS, Manufacturer, Tbitiak, (RWE TSO, SwissGrid, University of Rostock), ESO(NEK) University of Rostock

FACTS (SVC and STATCOM)

Elaboration of System Protection Schemes

SPS Within Turkish Power System (Phase 1)

A A
Basic Principles and Settings Principle and Settings/Criteria for system separation

TEIAS

SPS Interface Turkey / UCTE (Phase 2) Analytical Validation (Simulation) Implementation Restoration Plan Elaboration
ESO (NEK) RWE TSO TEIAS

Training

UCTE Operational Handbook Market rules / congestion management 4

RTE

Objectives and Contributions of the Task 2 and Task 3

The main objectives of this work are to: 1) Design of governor control and parameter optimization to prevent slow frequency oscillations generated by the governors, see measurements of Fig. 5 and 6. 2) Develop of Phasor Study Method 3) Coordinated Design Isolated Turkish System The investigation objective of isolated Turkish system is to stability of the overall frequency control for normal and disturbed conditions

Parallel operation with UCTE

The investigation objective of isolated parallel operation with UCTE is to meet the UCTE requirements regarding the frequency control quality. 4) Compare the results obtained using the simulation with the measurements

Objectives and Methodology of Stability Studies of Task 4

The scope of this study is related to the field about system security, which deals with the ability of the power system to withstand disturbances by maintaining its function without violation of technical limits. The stability analysis deals with the system security under consideration of the dynamic characteristics of the power system, which are classified according to various relevant physical phenomena. This project concerns the classical stability problem Small Signal Stability , which are the most important stability problems regarding the possible future parallel operation of the Turkish Power System with UCTE.

System Modeling
1- Turkish Network

Modeling of static data (network data) of the Turkish Power System The static network data were converted from the PSS/E (Egypt used this program) software to the DIGSILENT software (Digital Simulation and Electrical Network calculation), Total Generation [MW] 30000 MW Number of Nodes 1556 Number of Lines 1343 Number of Loads 701

Number of Transformers Compensation Elements Total Number of Machines

806 28 690

Dynamic Model of the Turkish Power System Collection of dynamic data (Figure 2) detailed synchronous machine models speed governor and turbine control, automatic voltage regulators (AVR), power system stabilizer (PSS).

Figure 1: Interconnected systems in Europe

60775

HAMITABA

60856

AMBRAL
60885

ADAPAZA

61206

ALTINKAY HASA UGURL

60893

GEBZ

61210

60911

BURS

61005

SOM

60944

SEYITOME

61122

CAYIRHA
61147

61286

KANGA
61320

KEBA KARAKAY

TEMELL
61288 61328

60983

ALIAG ELBISTA YATAGA

61088

61028 61031

YENIKO KEMERKO
61103 61068

BERK

61274

ATATR

61025

ISKENDERU
61314

BIRECI Hydro power Thermal power Gas power

OYMAPINA

Figure 2: Turkish Network

2- UCTE Network (simplified dynamic model , 82 nodes )

Figure 3: UCTE Network 6

3- Interface Turkey - UCTE

Figure 4: Interface Turkey UCTE

WAMS in the Turkish Power System

The Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) show a systematic frequency control problem within the Turkish Power System see figures 5 and 6.
50,125 f [Hz] 50,100

WAMS-recording - Friday, 2006-05-12; 19:12

frequency: Keban (TR)

50,075

f 210 mHz

50,050

50,025

50,000

250 mHz

49,975

49,950

49,925

49,900

oscillation period 23
49,875 19:11:00 19:11:30 19:12:00 19:12:30 19:13:00 19:13:30 19:14:00 19:14:30 19:15:00

Figure 5: frequency of Turkey 2006 WAMS-recording Sincan (TR), 2007-01-08 16:00

N =6000 T =20msec. TFenster=120sec. f =8,3mHz

f 50 mHz T 20 sec.

Figure 6: frequency of Turkey 2007 7

Simulation and Measurements (Task2 and Task3)

1) Island Mode

Outage of Temelli GPP (730MW) at 27/09/2009

Low load (16180 MW ) and the Outage of Temelli (730 MW ) at 27-09-2009 50.3 Measurement Simulation 50.2

50.1

50

F qec( z r uny ) e H

49.9

49.8

49.7

49.59

49.5

200

400

600 time

800

1000

1200

Figure 7: Island mode

Trumpet Curve Samples in 27 of September 2009

Low load (16180 MW) and the Outage of Temelli (730 MW) at 27-09-2009 50.47 Measurement Simulation

Trumpet Curve=H(t)=F0 -/+ A * exp(-t /T)

50.3

50.2

50.1 F q ec ( z r un yH) e

50.02 50 49.98 F2 49.9

49.8

49.7

49.59 49.53 49.5 0 200 400 600 time 800 1000 1200

Figure 8: Trumpet Curve

Output Power of all Plants(GPPs,TPPs and TPPs)

1.62 A P w rP n ll o e la ts 1.6 1.58 1.56 1.54 0 200 400 600 time 800 1000 1200 x 10
4

Output Power of all PPs, HPPs, GPPs and TPPs(Low load)

900 850 A HP ll P s 800 750 700 0 200 400 600 time 800 1000 1200

8300 8200 8100 8000

A GP ll P s

200

400

600 time

800

1000

1200

7400 7200 A T P ll P s 7000 6800 6600 0 200 400 600 time 800 1000 1200

Figure 9: Output Power 8

2) Interconnected Mode

Outage of Can TPP (288 MW)

Outage of Can TPP (288 MW) 50

Frequency

49.995

49.99

100

200

300

400 time

500

600

700

800

900

300 264 200 Exchange Power(MW )

Pexchange(UCTE) Pexchange(Turkey)

100

-100

-200 -264 -300

100

200

300

400 time

500

600

700

800

900

Figure 10: interconnected mode

Load behavior (20 second/sample) at 16 June 2009

Load Behaior (20 second /sample) measured at 16th of June 2009 24.800 24745 24.600 24.500 24419 24.300 24218 24.150 50.015 50.01 Frequency(Hz) 50.005 50 49.995 49.99 75/.5 1480 MW/Hz 0 100 200 300 400 time 500 600 700 800 900 Load

Pload(MW)

100

200

300

400 time

500

600

700

800

900

230 Exchange Power(MW) 160

Pexchange (Turkey) Pexchange (UCTE)

-230 0 100 200 300 400 time 500 600 700 800 900

Figure 11: interconnected mode (Load behavior) 9

Simulation and Measurements (Task 4)

Case 1: Summer (July) Day, UCTE (345 GW), Turkey (29 GW).
50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.96 EXP:0 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40.[s]50. 50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.96 EXP:1200 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40.[s]50. UR
Blackout in Spain
DIgSILENT

50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.96 EXP:400 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40.[s]50. 50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.96

50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.96 EXP:800 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40.[s]50.
Green: Normal case with old Parameters for PSS and recent SVCs Red: New SVCs with additional frequency signal included SVC near of the biggest Load Brown: New SVCs with additional frequency signal without SVC near of the biggest Load Blau: New Parameters for PSS from bulgarian side and recent SVCs [Unimar, Temeli, Adapazari, Gebze & Aliaga]

EXP:1600 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40.[s]50. UCTE: 345 GW , Turkey: 29 GW

Case : in Sommer (Max Load of UCTE and Max Load of Turkey)(Day)

Frequenz_an Bord

Date: 9/15/2009 Annex: /3

Figure 12: interconnected mode

50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.95 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40. 50. [s] 50.01 49.99 49.98 49.96 49.95 EXP: 1200 MW 49.93 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40. 50. [s] UR
Blackout in Spain

Case 2: Summer (July) Night, UCTE (232 GW), Turkey (18 GW).
50.00 49.99 49.98 49.97 49.95 EXP: 0 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40. 50. [s] 50.01 49.99 49.98 49.96 49.95 EXP: 400 MW 50.01 49.99 49.98 49.96 49.95 EXP: 800 MW 49.94 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40. 50. [s]
Green: Normal case with old Parameters for PSS and recent SVCs Red: New SVCs with additional frequency signal included SVC near of the biggest Load Brown: New SVCs with additional frequency signal without SVC near of the biggest Load Blau: New Parameters for PSS from bulgarian side and recent SVCs [Unimar, Temeli, Adapazari, Gebze & Aliaga]
DIgSILENT

EXP: 1600 MW 49.93 0.0 10.0 20. 30. 40. 50. UCTE: 232 GW , Turkey: 18 GW [s]

Case : in Sommer (Min Load of UCTE and Min Load of Turkey)(Night)

Frequenz_an Bord

Date: 9/15/2009 Annex: /5

Figure 13: interconnected mode 10

Conclusion
All the models were created using MATLAB / SIMULINK software for Task 2 and Task3. All the models were created using DIGSILENT software (Digital Simulation and Electrical Network calculation) for Task 4. As a results the set of control parameters were reached taking into account: The requirements for UCTE, The Turkish system stable in island operation (30 seconds oscillations) The requirements peculiar to Turkish Power System before and after interconnection, The Turkish system stable with optimization parameters of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) of power plants (Gebze, Aliaga, Adapazari and Temelli) (7 seconds inter-area oscillations oscillations). By used the new Static VAR compensator (SVC) with additional frequency signal which led to the Turkish system stable.

References
1. UCTE Operation Handbook Policy 1: Load-Frequency Control - Final Version (approved by Study Committee on 19 March 2009) 2. Final Report Complementary Technical Studies for the Synchronization of the Turkish Power System with the UCTE Power System, 31/05/2007 3. UCTE Operation Handbook Appendix 1: Load-Frequency Control (final 1.9 E, 16.06.2004) 4. Policy 1 Load-Frequency Control and Performance (Preliminary v. 1.2, draft, 03.10.2002) 5. UCTE Transmission Development Plan, Edition 2008, www.ucte.org
BIOGRAPHIES Harald Weber was born 1954 in Heidenheim, Germany. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from University of Stuttgart in1990. He has worked in EGL Elektrizitats Gesellschaft Laufenburg AG. Currently he is a professor at the University of Rostock, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and head of the Institute of Electrical Power Engineering. He is also IFAC Chairman of TC on "Power Plants and Power Systems".

Ibrahim A. Nassar (1976) was born in El-Beheria, Egypt. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Al Azhar University, Egypt in 1999 and 2004, respectively. Since 2001, he has been with the Power Engineering and Electrical Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Al Azhar, Egypt. He started his Ph.D. in the University of Rostock, Germany in 2007 supported by an Egyptian government scholarship.

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