Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Persons
with Disabilities
Project Director
Research Members
Mr. SomsskWongsawass
Ms. D o un gs amorn Chinchotikas em
M* Bang-onThepthien
ASEAN
ffi
Project Director
Professor
antyp Ramasoota
Research Members
Mr. SomsakWongsawass
Ms. D o un gs amo r n Chin chotikas em Ms. Bang-onThepthien
ASDAN
By
Pantyp Ramasoota, Boonyong Keiwkarnka, Somjai Pramanpol, Somsak Wongsawass, Doun gsamorn Chinchotikasem, Bang-on Thepthien
ISBN: 974-663-795-9
First Edition 2000 Printed Printing Division ASEAN Institute for Health Development Mahidol University, Salaya Nakompathom 731 T0,Thailand
by:
Pantyp Ramasoota Study on Support for Persons with Disabilities / pantyp ... [et al.]
1. Disability
W8320 P19s 2000 ISBN: 974-663-795-9
Evaluation L Title
Acknowledgement
The research team would like to express their acknowledgements to
the following persons and organizations for their kind cooperation, valuable
guidance, and technical, emotional and financial support provided throughout
the study.
First and foremost, thanks are due to Ms. Naoko lTO, Mr. Mitsuhiko
KAZOE and JICA for the opportunity offered to conduct this study, along with
the supplement of information, advise and references to facilitate the study, Appreciation also goes to Prof.Dr.Somarch Wongkhomthong, director
We are especially gratefulto Dr. Kriangsak Akepongse, director of SBR Hospital, and his staff for unconditional assistance and hearty support during
the field operation and beyond.
Last but not least, we are indebted to PWDs and their families,
guardeans of PWDs and key informants in the community for providing us
valuable data for the study.
Pantyp Ramasoota
and Research Team
Executive Summary
The comparative descriptive study for the support of PWDs in Nong Bua Lumpoo (NBL) Province was conducted from 8 February - 23 March 2000. Sriboonruang (SBR) District, where the CBR Program had been used for ten years, was the study site, and Naklang District was the control area.
The objectives of the study were to compare the characteristics of the PWDs in both districts in terms of socio-demographic, epidemiologic, problem needs,
assistance received, quality of life as a measure of the impact and contribution of the CBR Program, and lastly, to investigate feasible and
effective projects to support PWDs.
The study methods included qualitative and quantitative approaches; i.e., documentation review, focus group discussions, indepth interviews, observation of activities, and surveys using structured questionnaires. The
of
in
the
:
communities PWDs and their relatives. The results of the study showed that
1. From the quantitative study, the findings revealed that NBL Province
was ranked
14th
for
the
There were more male PWDs than females. The working age group was suffering more than other age groups; SBR District had the highest number of
PWDs. Other characteristics were similar in both district. Physical and mobility impairment was the most common, the second was intellectual and learning ability impairment, and the least was mental and behavioral
impairment. The main cause of disability was illness.
The majority of PWD were single, however almost all of them were living with their families. They were generally unemployed, low education, and poor. Most of them did not have special equipments or received any
assistance. Their main source of assistance was their family. The assistance
needs were for work to earn money and medical care.
For the quality of life, PWDs, in general, perceived their health status and living conditions as tolerable. They were satisfied with public health
services, and assistance received, except for welfare for equipment.
ilt
2. From the qualitative study, the findings showed that there were
several activities organized for PWDs in SBR District but none in Naklang, District. The projects were generally initiated and supported by government organizations with involvement and participation of local people to a certain
3. Although the government was strongly committed and supported CBR action, the implementation made only a small achievement, due to
several factors. They were
:
Development should be encouraged to systematically collect the local body of knowledge and indigenous technology and adapt it to suit the needs and ways of life of PWDs in the Thai cultural context.
and quality. Personnel development was recommended to provide and upgrade skills and knowledge of the CBR Program for personnel who are now
working as well as those newly recruited.
PWDs. They had little concerned for PWDs. The priority of PWDs was ranked
below other health problems since the impact of the disabilities to society is
not visibly obvious. The poor and disadvantaged rural people were more
concerned with their living conditions than health problems. The family,
aspects
vocational and social) was recommended at the family and community levels.
IV
5.
it was
recommended
to
develop an informal
areas.
reactive nature of services, as well as the lack of public relations and public education, were also limiting factors. The proactive strategies of the CBR Program in the villages were recommended including, developing
mobile
team to mobilize the activities in the community; setting-up the CBR unit in the
understanding
participation
of JICA was proposed under the JICA assistance of "experts dispatch, "JOCV', trainee acceptance" and "community
of Leaders of
Community
List of Abbreviations
ARI
BM
BMA CPHCC
CBR
FGD
Community Based Rehabilitation Focus Group Discussion Government Organ ization Ministry of Education Ministry of Public Health National Statistics Office Non-government Organization Naklang District Nong Bua Lamphu Province Office of Social Security Participatory Action Research Person with disabilities Sriboonruang District Tambon Administrative Organization
GO MOE MOPH
NSO NGO
VHV
VI
Table of Contents
Page
ii
V
List of Abbreviations
Table of Contents
vi
viii
ix
ix
Methodology
1.1 Specific Objectives 1.2 Approach 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Study Population 1.5 Research Instruments 1.6 Data Collection
Ghapter
1
1
2 2
6 6
Background Information
2.1
I
9
I
11
'14
16
2.2 2.3
Chapter
Disability Statistics of the Northeastern Region Nong Bua Lamphu Provincial Information
18
21
Research Findings
3.1
Quantitative Study
26 26 29 34
3.1.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics 3.1.2 Epidemiology of Disabilities 3.1.3 Needs and Resources for PWDs
vii
of
36
Community
36
38
41
3.2
Qualitative
Study: Project
41
42
42 3.2.3 The Sriboonruang Foundation 3.2.4 The Tambon Administrative Organization 43 (rAo) 43 3.2.5 Sriboonruang Hospital 3.2.6 School with lntegration (Mainstreaming) 44 Program
45
4.1
PWD Province
47
4.2
51
4.3
JICA
52 59
Annex Annex
Directory of Non-Government Organizations who Provide services to PWDs, North-Eastern Region Directory of Government Organizations who Provide services to PWDs, North-Eastern Region
ll lll
Questionnaire
vill
List of Tables
Table
Page
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Number and percentage of samples in study and comparison area Reported disabled population by age, sex and area
in the northeastern region
19
20
23 24
10. Assistance needs and resources for PWDs 11, Knowledge and information on rehabilitation in the Disabled Acts 12. Perceptions of PWDs on the attitudes of family and community
toward their disabilities
35
36 37
13. 14.
Attitudes toward disabilities Number and percentage of PWD satisfaction toward facilities and quality of life
38 40
ix
List of Figures
Figure
Page
1.
10
2.
3.
Percentage of PWDs receiving health insurance by sex for the whole kingdom Percentage of disabled persons by type of disability and kind of government assistance need for the whole kingdom
12
13
List of Ghart
Ghart
and
CHAPTER
Methodology
of
(PWDs)
Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Program has been launched since 1990, with Naklang District of the same province.
2.
3.
life
1.2 Approach
The approach used three research channels: 1. A documentation review of relevant data on the PWDs in Thailand and
1.3 Methodology
Design : descriptive Population
The PWDs in NBL Province, aged 20 years and over were included.
Sriboonruang District (SBR), where the CBR Program has been operating for 10 years was purposely selected as a study area; Naklang District was chosen to be
a comparison study site, based on the comparable prevalence rate of disabilities.
Trained interuiewers made a survey using a structured questionnaire with every PWD in two randomly sampled tambons of each district. In case PWDs were not
able to communicate, the relatives were interviewed instead.
Table
Study Area
Number
181
Percentage
64.4
64.1
Sriboonruang District
116
65 100 38 62
Map of Thailand
Muang
questions
2. 3.
Unstructured questions
discussions.
for
1.
as
2,
3. 4.
the
Disabled Club,
and Sirindhorn
In-depth Interview
;*$ilir
t!'
l*'
fft
-+ #
CHAPTER II
Background Information
means of physical examination. The study revealed that the total number of
PWDs was approximately 4,825,681 or 8,1 percent of the total population (57.1
million). They were classified as follows: Seeing impairment Hearing and communication impairment Physical and mobility impairment Mental or behavioral impairment Intellectual or learning ability impairment Others 955,485
or or or or or or
19.8Y"
299,192 2,745,813
226,807 477,742
6.2% 56.9%
4.7o/o 9.9o/o 2.SYo
120,642
that
between 1986 and 1991 the prevalence of disabilities increased 2.5 times and
remained stable until 1996. The distribution was higher among males, the elderly
and working age groups. The highest number was physical and locomotive impairment, followed by seeing and hearing impairment, and mental and
intellectual impairment was the lowest group. Data from the Otfice of Social Security (OSS) revealed that although the rate of occupational hazards was
increasing every year, the disability rate was decreasing.
2.1.2. Registration Status Recent records on the registration status of PWDs by the Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare revealed that in 1g96, only
231,2ffi PU\lDs uere regisbred under the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persone Ast
BE 2534, distribubd by rcgion as:
10,663
Northem Region
Northeastem Region
Southem Region
Flgurc
Percentage
of
oE
OE
FE PE
otr rE
ss EE
Esfi
Typcf
frdity
Source: Natiotd Suvey on Hedth ardWblfare: 19S, NSO, Offico dthe Prirne Midsier
10
from the government through some kind of insurance. PWDs who hold assistance cards of all kinds, including a low income welfare card, elderly card
and veteran card, are the major recipients of welfare and health seruices from the
government, 55.5 percent, 29.6 percent receive services through health cards,
11
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A survey by the NSO 1996, revealed that 66 percent of PWDs for the
whole kingdom expressed needs for assistance from the government. The assistance needs were specified as follow:
medical care, surgery and physiotherapy instruments for disabilities
30.2o/o
7.4o/"
5.9Yo
skilltraining jobs
loans for earning and living lodging special education others
5.7o/"
5.4o/o
4.30/"
4.0%
3.3"/o
Male and female PWDs varied in assistance needs from the government according to the type of disability. Both sexes needed medical services, surgery
and physiotherapy as well as equipment for disabilities. Among PWDs with physical and mobility impairments, for males, the assistance needs were in
providing jobs and opportunity to work, while for females, the assistance needs
were providing loans for earning and living. Males with mental or behavioral impairments and intellectual and learning disabilities needed assistance for
lodging, but females of the same disability type needed assistance for special education.
For the multiple disabilities group, females needed assistance for skill
training but males needed special education. Govemment policy for PWDs incorporates the concept that "PWD5 are socially disadvantaged and are entitled to receive medical services and health
free security" and emphasizes " the rehabilitation of patients receiving medical services rather than the rehabilitation of the disabled after treatment,,.
14
Chart
Programs/
Responsible Organization
Ministry of Labor and SocialWelfare, Ministry of Public Health
Financial Sources
Government budget
Service Unit
Public and Private Health Facilities
Act
1.
Rehabilitation
Act. BE 2534
Employer Government
Compensation
4. Car-accident lnsurance
Ministry of Commerce
Car owners
- Medicalcare - Compensation
for death
Fees for
Act. BE 2535
5. Welfare for
Ministry of Finance
Government budget
OPD Patient
- rehabilitation - specialequipment
prosthesis/orthesis
(public facilities)
6. Private Health
lnsurance
Insurance company
lnsured persons
Government budget
rehabilitation of the disabled as an investment in human resources to enable them to live productively with dignity in the society" has been recently adopted
after the democratic movement for the rights of PWDs.
There were several acts and programs developed for PWDs of which the
rights and benefits are summarized in Chart
1.
15
1. Department 2. Department
of Labor Protection
3. 4.
5.
Rehabilitation Center for Workers, Bangpoon Department of Labor Skill Development Office of Social Security (OSS)
Ministry of Defense
1.
2.
3. 4.
Ministry of Interior
1.
Police Hospital
1.
1.
2.
- Sirindhom National Medical Rehabilitation Center - Four Hospitals under the Department
16
Non-Government Organizations
Seruices for seeing impairment Services 4 7 24
5 5
Services for physical impairment Services for intellectual impairment Seruices for multiple impairments
Ministry of Education
School with Integration (Mainstreaming) Programs
Bangkok Areas
2
10 5
3
2
17
where females outnumbered males (a9:33). However, the highest rate is found among the older age group,60 years and over, (82.1 per 1,000 population).
Most of them were scattered throughout non-municipal areas which was 20 times more than municipal areas (368.5 and 18.3 per 1,000 population). Of all the types
of disability, physical and mobility impairment (128.2 per 1,000 population) has the highest prevalence followed by hearing impairment, mental retardation and
seeing impairment, 74.5, 67.0 and 46.9 per 1,ooo population, respectively
(Tables 2 and 3)
18
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on the south, and to Loei Province in the west. The total area is 3,859,626
square km, covering six districts, 58 subdistricts (tambons) and 623 villages.
11
sanitation units. There are 1A2,082 households and the total population is 507,130, most of them, 55 percent, belong to the working age group and
elderly people constitute 6.6 percent.
Health statistics
four District Hospitals (two 60 beds and two 30 beds), and 81 Health Centers.
The health statistics are as follows:
- Crude Birth Rate
- Crude Death Rate 13.70
Morbidity and mortality data reflect the life styles and living standards
of the people. The statistics demonstrate that heart disease of all kinds is the
10O,0OO population)
followed by cancer of
21
Epidemiology of Disabilities in Nong Bua Lamphu Province The number of PWDs of NBL Province as determined by registration
status, which is at the rate of 34 per1100,000 population, was ranked at the
14m order of the whole kingdom. There were more male disabled persons
than female. The working-age group population is suffering more than other age groups. (Table 4) Sriboonruang (SBR) District had the highest number of
PWDs probably due to the positive impact of the CBR Program in the area which increased awareness of the PWDs and their families and alerted them to come for registration. (Table 5)
Physical and mobility impairments is the most common among the PWDs in NBL Province, the second is intellectual and learning abllity impairment, which is less than half of the first and the least is mentality and
behavioral impairment. (Table 6)
22
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Table
Total
Muang Naklang (NK) Sriboonruang (SBR) Non-Sang Sawan Kuha
Na Wang
252
241 287 175
158
119
167
139
314
335 125
1,ggg
206
75
129 50
761
1,234
Source:
24
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CHAPTER III
Research Findings
3.1. Quantitative study
3.1.1 Socio-demographic characteristics
2000 baht. Families averaged five members. Their main occupations were farmers (70 percent) and laborers (20 percent). They were permanent members
average
of 38 years
tenancy. The
the
characteristics were comparable in the study in almost every aspect. Only the
The majority of PWDs, 45 percent were single and 17 percent were divorced or separated. However, almost all of them were living with their
families including parents (42 percent) spouse 33 percent children 52 percent and siblings 31 percent, There were only 2.5 percent that were living alone.
Only 23 percent of PWDs had jobs and earned on their own. Such work
included: rice farming, weaving, basket-making, and common
labor. Half of
them were unemployed, while 25 percent worked for their families with no pay. Two-third of the PWDs had schooling and a majority had completed
primary education. Only 13 percent attained a higher education than primary
level. PWDs in SBR District were generally less educated than thqse in NK District. Almost all in-school PWDs attended regular school, only 2.1 percent
were educated in schools with special education programs for the disabled. For the blind and deaf, 32 percent never had schooling, the main obstacle
was due to their disabitities. (Table 8)
zo
Table
N (48) o/o 48 52 9 39
1
Naklanq
Total
N (96) 96 185
21
Interviewees
48
133 12
48.0 52.0
18.8 81.2
2.1
34.2
65.8
21.9 78.1
Sex
36
3 10 14
21
75
4
Age (years)
4.2
25.O
25-44
45-59 60 and over llliterate Primary Secondary
43.8
10.4
14 18 15 5 36 6
1
29.2
37.5 31.3
10.4
24 32 36
10
33.3 37.5
10.4
BO.2
Education
5
41
1
85.4
2.1 2.1
75.0
12.5
2.1
77
7 2
7.3
2.',|
30
2 16 7 34 6
1
62.5
4.2
30
4
14
62.5 8.3
29.2 18.8 67.7 12.5
2.1
60
6
62.5 6.3
31.2 16.7 68.7 12.5
2.1
33.3
14.6
30
16
Occupation
Unemployed Agriculture Labor Government sector Relationship with PWDs Spouse Parent Grandparent Child/grandchild Brother/sister
I
32 6
1
70.8
12.5
2.1
66
12 2
2 27 1 10
3 5
4.2 56.3
2.1
10.4
20.8
- Relative
6.3
I
45
2 16 19
9.4 46.9
2.6
16.7 19.8
5.2
27
Table
Characteristics
Sriboonruang
N
Naklang
N (100) o/o N
Total
(181)
76
73 32
o/o
(281)
o/o
Maritalstatus of PWDs
- Married - Single
Widowed/divorced/ separated
42.0
51
51.0 33.0
16.0
40.3
17.7
33
16
45.2
37.7
17.1
77
61
42.5
41
41.0
32.O
42.0
33.1
52.O
32 45 28
101
45.0
28.O
58
1
30.6
0.4 3.6
3.2 2.5
6 3
4 6 3
4.O
6,0
3.0
2.2
- Unemployed - Self-employed
Work without pay
89 43
49
49.2
58
21 21
58.0 21.0
21.O
23.8
27.1
Education
1.1
1.0
1.1
122
57
67.4
67
32
67.0
32.O
67.3 31.7
31.5
70 70 42
41
38.7 38.7
23.2
39 26 23
19 8 7
39.0
26.O 23.O
38.8 34.2
23.1
22.7
11.0 1.7
20
3
- Greeting
Talking/Chatting
137
66
61
66.0 61.0
17.O
128 50 85 59
42
- Playing together - Eating together - Participation Social Activity - Being helped/take care by neighbors - Helping disabled when they need
taking care
17
23 22
16
23.0
22.O
16.0 8.0
37
20.4
28
with disabilities developed during preschool age, 1-5 years old, comprised 15
percent.
status and were issued the official document confirming their impairment
impairment
percent and 12 percent, respectively. Multiple impairments comprised 12 percent. The least impaired among study subjects were in terms of mentality
or behavior 10 percent.
The etiology of disabilities among PWDs, based on respondents' perceptions, revealed that illness accounted for 39 percent, whereas 3
percent claimed that medical malpractice was the responsible factor, accident
29
were able
to go out by themselves.
encountered
of
facilitating
equipment. In addition, feelings of shamefulness and inferiority were reasons Of the PWDs, 21 percent had other
also
41
PWDs
themselves. The immediate management of the family for PWDs was seeking
treatment. The rest, 31 percent, took no action. There were several choices
of treatment sought for PWDs, varying from modern treatment from public
hospitafs and health center, 84 percent, folk magic treatment, 22 percent, folk
medicine, 15 percent, traditional medicine, 10 percent, to self-treatment, 4 percent. However, at present, only 15 percent of PWDs were under treatment. The reasons given for not being treated included: 67 percent not necessary because impairments were not treatable, 27 percent not able to atford the
cost of their treatment and time factor 6.3 percent.
The present conditions of impairment compared to its initial stages were 41 percent stable, 31 percent deteriorating, and 27 percent improved. PWDs were generally healthy, half of them never reported being sick, 31 percent had minor ailments and received treatment at the hospital and/or
health center. Their health behaviors were considered fair. as one-fourth of them smoked and drank.
Of the PWDs 60 percent perceived that their impairments were irreversible. Although two-thirds of them had attended training courses for
rehabilitation, they rarely practiced it, (table g)
30
Table
Characteristics
N
Sriboonruang
Naklang
N
Total
N (281)
(181)
90
91
o/o
(100)
61
o/o
Sex of PWDs
- Male - Female
Age of PWDs (years)
49.7
61.0 39.0
151
53.7 46.3
50.3
39
130
44
41
24.3 22.7
12.2 11.0
26 27
13
12
26.0 27.0
13.0 12.0
70 68 35
32
24.9
24.2 12.5 11.4
22
20
54
29.8
22
22.0
76
27.0
At birth
years years
41
22.7
17.7
30
11
30.0
11.0
71
25.3
15.3
- 1-5
32
12
43
18
- 6-10
6 10
6.0
10.0
6.4 8.5
44.5
14 82
24
43
43.0
125
Yes
72 107 2
39.8
59.1
1.1
34 65
1
34.0 65.0
1.0
106 172 3
37.7
61.2
1.1
-No
Unsure
29
51
21
?1.0 22.0
42.0 12.0 18.0 13.0
50
73 122
17.8
22
26.0
43.4
80
15
42
12 18 13
8.3
15.5 11.0
27 46
33
9.6
16.4 11.7
28 20
31
Characteristlcs
N
Srlboonruang
Naklang
N
Total
N
(181)
4
46
oh
(100)
4
16
o/o
(281) I
62
7o
Gause of dlsability
- Genetics
Accident
2.2
25.4
4.0
16.0 45.0 25.0
1.0
2.9
22.1
64
38
1
45 25
1
109
63
2 9
6
4 18
3
1
3.0
1.0
3.2
1.8
5 23
5.0
8.2
11
23.9
26.1
2',1.7
6.3
18.8 31.3 43.8
12 15 15 2A
12
10 13
5 7
28.3
Yes
42 135 4
26 74
26.0
74.O
68 209 4
24.2 74.4
-No
- None needed
Self-help ability
't.4
Dlff
Yes
't21
66.9
33.1
63 37
63.0 37.0
184
97
65.s
34.5
-No
lcultlesl lnconven lences
(Multiple response)
Own physicalhandicaps
Def iciency
60
134
58 34
74.O
71
71.O
205 83 56
of
inf
rastructure
32.0
18.8
25 22
25.0
22.O
Feeling shamefulness
65.9
16
16.0
60
21.4
Doctors/f,,lurses/PH
59
32.6
42
42.O
101
35.9
Otficer
70 62 6
1
45
19
1
45.0
19.0
115
81
40.9 28.8
2.5 0.4
':o
32
Characteristics
N
Sriboonruang
Naklang
N
Total
N (281)
(181)
63
1
o/o
(100)
23
o/o
lmmedlate Management
- None - Unsure
Treated
23.0
86
1
117
77
77.0
194
Treatment received
(multiple response)
100 17
11
85.5
14.5
62
12 9 3
80.5
15.6
162
29 20
7
41
83.5
14.9 10.3
9.4
3.1
9.0 7.0
3.6 14.6
Current treatment
( Multiple response)
32
17.7
I
7
1
1
9.0
30
1
93.8
3.1
77.8
11.1 11.1
37
2 4
9.3
149
82.3
91
91.0
240
85.4
28 95
18.8
14
15.2
42
154
't7.5
64.2 26.7 21.3
63.8 27.5
24.2
59
23 15
64.8
25.3 16.5
4'l
36
64
51
to initial stage
49 62
27.1
28 26 46
77 88
116
27.4 31.3
41.3
34.3 38.7
70
16 6 2
66.7
25.O
83.3
21
70.0 20.o
10.0
6
1
8.3
16.7
33
3.1.3 Needs and resources for PWDs Family members are the main source of assistance for PWDs. Of the PWDs 43 percent were assisted by their children, 39 percent by parents, 26 percent by siblings and only 16 percent by spouses. The greatest needs of PWDs from their families were care and assistance in time of sickness, in
daily living activities as well as financial support for necessary equipment.
the need to work and earn money, 69 percent, to receive medical care, 65
percent, to receive education, 10 percent, and to have legal assistance, only 2 percent.
Among the people and groups in the community, the most important
persons that PWDs perceived as having significant roles in providing help were the Tambon Chief, Village Headman and VHVs, 47 percent, neighbors
34
Assistance need
Sriboonruang
%
Naklang
7o
Total
Yo
14
15.1
10
1
16.7
45 32 27
1
48.4
35.0 45.0
21.7
34.4 29.0
1.1
7
13
2 3
9
9
3
1
24 66 59 40 3 12 12 3 162 172 24 4 86 24 19 69 86 19 12 67 93 65 39 28 11
15.7
43.1
38.6
26.'1
Medicalservices
income
103 116 15
65.2
59 56
9
1
65.5
62.2
- Work and
73.4 9.5
1.9
- Education - Legalassistance
Assistance needs from family
(multiple response)
10.0
1.1
- No need - Medical care/treatment - Providing aid/equipment - Home care - Financial support - Moralsupport - Income generation
Help from lndividual/ group in
57 20
17
31.5
11.0
29 4
2
29.0
4.0 2.0
27.O
42 50
8 10
27 36
11
36.0
11.0
2.0
- Village headman
39 65 43
21 21
21.5
28
28 22
18 7
23.8
33.1 23.1
35.9 23.8
11.6 11,6
13.9 10.0
7.0 5.0
0.6
3.9
35
Only 18 percent of PWDs knew about the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act, (BE 2534). Half of them learned from mass-media including TV,
radio and newspaper. They also received information from hospital staff and from the Tambon Chief / Village Headman, 28 percent and 20 percent, respectively. Most, 86 percent, knew that once registered to be diagnosed and officially documented they were entitled to receive free medical care and
1
1)
The Rehabilitation of
Disabled
Information
Source of information
Sriboonruang
33 18.2
Naklang
Total
17.O
17 17.0 17
9
14
42.4
6.1
52.9
17.6
23
2 10 14
1
46.0 4.0
'17.6
21.2
3 5
I
1
29.4
2.0
15.7
32 28
4
12
10
1
44
38 5 6
86.4
11.4
12.5
13.7
disability
Regarding altitudes toward PWDs, 88 percent of pwDs had positive perceptions on the attitudes of their families toward themselves. Generally, most of them perceived that their families cared for and treated them as a person who deserved consideration and understanding due to their unique need. Further, they were able to be someone that the family could be proud
36
of. However, there were some negative perceptions that humiliated PWDs
such as being a burden and bringing shame to the family. Moreover, they felt fatalistic attitudes by family members toward their disabilities.
PWDs expressed similar perceptions on the attitudes of the community toward themselves as toward the family, but to a less positive
degree. (Table 12)
Table 12 Perceptions
Perception
Community
o a a a o
ls a burden on the family ls shameful for the family ls a result of sin and bad conduct ls a person to be understood ls a useful person ls a person that needs to be cared for ls a person that the family can be proud of ls a person that needs special consideration
180 121
64.1
43.1
105
92
80.1
182 220
170 201
151
a
o
176
240
85.4 207
61.6 83.6
151
73.7
a a
173
53.7 71.2
235
200
exceptional privilege
ls a person that should be treat like any other
105
37.4
188
66.9
communities possessed fatalistic attitudes toward disabilities. Sin and bad conduct of PWDs themselves, as well as of their parents, in either a previous
or the present life, were factors claimed to be responsible for their disabilities at the highest proportion, 68 percent. Consistently, 60 percent perceived that
37
Table
13
Aftitudes
Causes (multiple response)
Sriboonruang
Naklang
Total
Vo
94 23 6 79
3
51.9
12.7
54
13
54.0
148
36
52.7
12.8
3.3 43.6
1.7
2 38
0
13.0 2.0
38.0
7
117
2.5 41.6
1.1
I
47
1
5.0
26.O
2
2A
0.6
6.1
0
5
- Work conditions
Prevention of disability
11
11
3.9
23.8
67
o.4
16
5.7
68
98
15
37.6
54.1
45
52
3
113
150 18
40.2
53.4
6.4
8.3
3.0
The quality of life for PWDs, was assessed based upon their self estimation of their health status, life satisfaction in terms of availability of
needed equipment and facilities, accessibility to services and information, and
welfare and supports from public and private agencies. The findings revealed
that although PWDs in SBR District seemed to enjoy the availability of a variety of services, from both public and private agencies, the satisfaction for their present health status and living conditions were noticeably lower than PWDs in Naklang District. Satisfaction of public services for education,
occupation, and legal aspects, except for health, were recognized as better, in
38
Naklang District were more satisfied with facilitating infrastructure, such as public transports, recreation areas, and public toilets, as well as personal
equipment (wheel chairs, hearing aids) than PWDs in SBR District.
and more than half perceived that the existing road system was convenient. The least satisfaction, only 18 percent, was about welfare for equipment.
Interesting enough, it was found that PWDs of Naklang District appreciated
their health and living conditions more than in those of SBR District. (Table
14)
39
Table
14
Number and percentage of PWD satisfaction toward facilities and Quality of Life
Satisfaction about
Sriboonruang
Naklang
n
Total
o/o
Road
110
60.8 38.7
19.3
49
39 37 34 49 24
70
35
61
33.7 38.7
15.5
70 28
89 94
49.2
62 55
53.7 53.0
Living condition
Government eenrices
51.9
124
66
74
31
70.5
46 36
15
13
34.5
2'.1.7
17.4
10
3 2
4.6 2.8
6.8
I
19
Groups
15
40
group
discussions with four groups of local key informants in SBR and Naklang Districts revealed that disability is prioritized at the fourth or fifth rank among public health problems of SBR District, since problems such as communicable diseases and drug addiction have a greater impact on society. Besides, the magnitude of disabilities that appears to be a major problem in SBR District, compared to other places, may not represent the true picture. Since SBR
District had conducted a survey of PWDs and other places had not; therefore,
A project for PWDs was established under the initiation of the director
of Sriboonruang District Hospital. The project was chaired by the District Chief
Officer, and a committee consisting of the chief of every government sector, the temple abbot, merchants, local politicians and well-to-do people in sBR District. The secretary of the project was the Sriboonruang Hospital Director,
who was very enthusiastic towards problems of PWDs. The hospital staff
were also active committee members. The project is famous because it was developed by the government sector. The people, as well as local authorities,
such as the Village Headman, TAo, VHVs and school teachers were all involved in the project. The Village Headman, Village Health Volunteers and
41
and sending them for registration. They also provided them with knowledge about the rights of PWDs under the Rehabilitation Act. The project activities
members and
a committee with a
situated
in
the compound of
limited. However, they were able to get funds from the Department of Social
Welfare and the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare to run the club activities in the amount of 200,000 baht. The activities of the club included occupational
model
district project. This foundation has its specific functions to mobilize funds to:
1.
support the activities of Sriboonruang; a model district project and the club for PWDs.
2.
42
3. work as a coordinating body among the Sriboonruang Project, the Club for PWDs and the community. The
committee of the Sriboonruang Foundation is separated from
the Sriboonruang Project so that it will be independent in decision-making and management. lt will also relieve the
workload of the Sriboonruang Project staff. The committee of
the
foundation consists of representation from the government, NGOs, private sectors and the people of
to suppoft PWDs in various forms. They provided financial assistance to PWDs to individuals as well as groups; e.9., providing
purposes
transportation for PWDs to participate in social activities organized for PWDs
on National PWDs Day. Some TAOs had planned to allocate funds for the
construction of infrastructure and public facilities necessary for PWDs such as
street footpaths, ramps, toilets and drinking water and recreation facilities.
is an extraordinary district hospital, for the director, Dr. Kriengsak Akepongse, is highly motivated. He is strongly
Sriboonruang Hospital
committed to the problems of PWDs. Efforts were made to renew activities of
the CBR Center and revitalize the spirit of the staff which had been steadily
declining since the Foundation for PWDs was withdrawn. A special hospital team was set up for PWD activities. A social worker was assigned to take full
43
There were three pilot schools in SBR District that integrated special
education children into regular programs; they were Muangmai Vitaya School,
Baan Don Por School and Baan Sriboonruang School.
Obseruation of activities and an in-depth interuiew with a teacher was conducted in Muangmai Vitaya School. The finding revealed that at present the school accommodates 40 disabled children who study together with a total
of 700 students. The teacher, Ms. Sarapee Naambundit, had been personally
interest in teaching the children with disabilities even before the integrated program was announced. She had tried to develop teaching techniques as well as modify the teaching methods for these children by her own initiative and many years later she was sent for training on communication with PWDs.
She said integrated education program had many problems to be solved such
AS:
1.
Relationships between disabled children with disabilities and normal children are not natural
their handicaps. Thus, the rate of learning slowed. Cooperation among the families is needed to prepare the children with
disabilities appropriately before sending them to school.
3.
A deficiency of qualified and devoted teachers for these children exists due to a shortage of teacher human resources in general;
therefore, an integrated educational program is extra work for the
teacher.
44
Poo Prai (Grandpa "Prai") is a 71-year-old man of sBR District whose only grandson "suriya" had been a crippled child since he was born. Suriya
had cerebral palsy from an abnormal delivery. Grandpa Prai was the only one
in the family that had hope for Suriya. He took Suriya to see the doctor at every appointment and performed physical rehabilitation for him regularly as instructed by the physician. Most striking, Poo Prai improvised equipment from household materials to be used as rehabilitative tools for Suriya, such as walking ramps, crutches, canes, and wheel chairs. His indigenous wisdom became famous not only in the village and SBR District, but all over the
country. He is now a resource person for every PWD center. Poo Prai said his inspiration came from the encouragement of the staff of the Foundation for PWDs who gave him constant emotional and technical support. His grandson
is now 16 years old and is studying in the senior class of his secondary
school. His physical handicaps, although much improved, are still prominent but he has the skills to manage his life etficiently,
45
'"il
*\
t,r,i,rf..r
Local wisdom and Indigenous technology "from grandpa to grandson with love"
CHAPTER IV
The study of support for PWDs was conducted through several methods of data collection, including surueys of pWDs and relatives, FGD with key community informants in-depth interviews with authorities,
observation of activities, and a review of documents. The findings provided knowledge on the situation of disability and CBR, and its related compound
problems.
to receive
a. medical
equipment
for
b.
providing all levels of education as appropriate either in ordinary schools or special schools. their physical condition and potentialto work.
with
47
The main policy of the CBR is to promote community members, including state and private agencies in the city and rural areas, family
members
district,
medical
strong
of large amounts of
governmental funds for CBR action, the implementation had made only
minimal progress. The responsible factors ranged from ideological, technical
and managerial to cultural components.
1. First and foremost, the knowledge and technology for the CBR were
For
example, to wheelthe imponed wheel chair on the dusty unpaved village road
and to construct street footpaths or ramp ways in public toilet in the village,
were all absurd ideas which would be impossible in the rural community setting today. Therefore, the local body of knowledge and indigenous
technology existing
2. The shortage of personnel to work in cBR programs in terms of quantity and qualityi i.e,, lacking of skills, knowledge, and understanding of
CBR concepts and practices at the urban and rural levels and the curriculum in university and college limited development.
Recommendations
with
PWDs include:
to complete a specific number of hours of " upgraded skills training" each year
with evaluative reports tied to salary increases.
3. The capabilities of the family and community to deal with PWDs were lacking. FGDs with key informants revealed that the community had
little concern for PWDs. The community leaders had little or no knowledge at
all about the problems of PWDs in their village. The health priority of PWDs
ranked low due to the fact that the impact of disability to society is not visibly
obvious. The communities did not think of PWDs as a burden because the
family takes care of PWDs themselves. The belief that disability results from
the prejudice of the community against disability and PWDs in general. There
were families that felt ashamed of having a disabled child and tried to hide them from the public. The school teacher admitted that integrating disabled
into PWD services. Social and economic problems of PWDs and families
should be addressed as much as their impairments and health problems.
49
corrective treatment of the impairments rather than functional rehabilitation; therefore, the facilities and equipment necessary for rehabilitation services are inadequate. lt is recommended that the dissemination rehabilitation concepts
and skill training to carry out PWD activities should be strengthened among
medical staff and authorities.
5.
for registration, i.e., the MOPH has five levels of impairment while the MOE has nine levels and inadequate medical specialists to issue certificates of
registration. There were needs to develop a practical standard for use that
6. Since there are several sectors involved in the Rehabilitation Act, such as the MOPH, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, Ministry of Education, Ministry of University, BMA, Budget Bureau and also nongovernment organizations; therefore, the intersectoral coordination problem
was inevitable and resulted in problems of practical management. The Office
of Rehabilitation Authority can only give recommendations and suggestions but has no power to reinforce. Unless the authority came from the Prime Minister with united enforcement the problem of intersectoral coordination
could not be solved. However, it is necessary to distribute functions and roles
for CBR services among various organizations, since one organization can
not provide the full range of rehabilitation seruices needed by PWDs. Doing
so is a huge investment with too many specialties and detailed functions; it is too big a job for any individual organization to handle. Therefore, in coping
with the problem, and in order to serve the disabled most effectively and
efficiently, it is recommended to develop an informal network and build a good sense of understanding among collaborating sectors so each organization
50
knows its role in coordination with others through liaison officers in each
organization.
Rehabilitation of
Disabled Persons Act was a law intended to facilitate assistance and support in society with no compulsory status. The measures were rather in the form
of
that
employed the PWD will be entitled to tax exemptions. But for the working place that did not want to hire PWDs, there was no negative consequence.
Therefore,
the
vocational/occupational rehabilitation
as well as
social
rehabilitation were not very successful. lt might be workable if the law had
as
increasing taxation
for
non-
for the CBR program among government officials at provincial and district
levels. Collaboration among various organizations, including, district offices, district hospitals, local parliament and schools, as well as unofficial leaders,
i.e., abbots, and Poo Prai were efficient and effective. The team was
regarded nationwide as a professional rolemodel for the CBR.
long period of withdrawal by the Foundation for Handicapped Children, the activities of the cBR were continued and sustained. The physical facilities and funds were available with good After
management. However, those activities were only active and recognized at
the district level. There were no, or only very little spill-over effects in the community, either at Tambon or village levels. Little was known or discussed about the Sriboonruang Project, PWD Club, Sriboonruang Foundation,
lntegrated Education School or the wisdom of "poo prai" The factors contributing to the situation were due to the nature of the functions and roles of the government organization that concentrated and
51
confined the work within their settings. The strategy was also reactive rather
than proactive. The lack of public relations and public education were also
contributing factors.
2. Set up the CBR unit in the communityi i.e., CPHCC, in which simple
in
mobilize civic
consciousness for PWDs, and effect collective decisions and actions in the
4.3
The study on support for PWDs in Thailand revealed that the prevalence of PWDs is the highest in the northeastern. There were more
males than females in all age groups except in the old age group aged 60 years and over. However, the highest rate is found among the older age
physical and mobility impairment had the highest prevalence, 128.2 per 1,000
of
that 5 percent of the total estimated PWDs were registered under the Act, despite 66 percent of them had
Rehabilitation Acts, BE 2534, the fact expressed their need for assistance from the government, which included all services specified in the Act. The reasons were mainly due to the limitations on the PWDs part. Most of them are poor, living in rural non-municipal areas and physical handicapped. Poor understanding of family and community and
a lack of facilities and equipment for commutation were also barriers. The government and community also had limitations in terms of a shortage of
skilled and qualified personnel, including medical specialists, public health nurses, physiotherapists, social workers and teachers. In addition, the institutional based non-proactive type of service was unable to cover the
majority of PWDs.
With reference to the philosophy of the CBR that aimed at providing an equity between the disabled and non-disabled in society, and the CBR policy of promoting the community members, including state and private agencies to
work together to contribute to the health and welfare of PWDs, therefore, it is
tasks in providing services to PWDs. These include the family and community
53
dispatch," training will be organized for PWDs who show capabilities and interest to devote themselves to the health and welfare of all PWDs. The training will be either a domestic course for Thai PWDs or an international course for PWDs from neighboring countries, i.e., Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar.
Objective:
1.
to
of
Training Srtes
54
Under The JICA assistance scheme of "JOCV," a vocational training is proposed for poor, unemployed PWDs who need assistance to work and earn
impairments of trainees and will be organized in the community to fit the local
Objective:
works
2. to provide the opportunity for PWDs to find employment and to access the chance for successful employment and business
opportunities
3. to alleviate the low economic status of PWDs and family 4. to equip PWDs with dignity and self-reliance 5. to mobilize community resources to contribute to the improvement
of the quality of life of PWDs.
the trainers of the training. The content of training will vary according to the
conditions and needs. Home industry training may include: mushroom raising mat and basket weaving, artificial flower making and, garment manufacturing.
Training in the institution may include computer training, printing, electronics, metal working, accounting and management.
55
Training Site
The home industry training should be conducted in the community at household sites. The institutional training should be conducted vocational
seruices and special equipment and that there was a shortage of qualified
had
over the country. The other types of personnel; i.e., public health nurses, social workers, and medical technicians, were lacking knowledge and skills such as home nursing, counseling, rehabilitation prosthesis, production and repairing, orthosis and other equipment operation. Knowledge and skill
training regarding rehabilitation seruices for PWDs; therefore, is proposed to
be conducted under the JICA assistance scheme of "expeft dispatch" or "JOCV team program". The training will be a "training for trainers".
Training Site
The training will be conducted in Institutes such as Khonkaen University within the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Equipment and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and School of Social
Wod<ers.
Objective:
1. to strengthen the capability of the health personnel working with PWDs, in terms of knowledge and skills regarding rehabilitation
seruices
56
2.
modern
3.
4.
to
provide the necessary facilities and equipment for training institution, and training activities
for
medical
Nursing assessment and nursing diagnosis of PWDs for hospital nurses counseling and case management of pwDs for social workers. Production and repair of prosthesis, orthosis, hearing aids, and other equipment for technicians
Similar training should be also applied to other types of personnel working for PWDs, outside the health sphere, such as, school teachers,
school administrators, as well as educators and education administrators. The topics for training will include, special education and integration education for PWDs and improvement of accessibility to mainstream vocational training.
technical cooperation with JICA and existing international organizations like the ILO or FAO could be organized to develop a Disabil1y Resource Team to complement rehabilitation programs and provide an
integrated training environment for PWDs and non-PWDs. The team will not
57
its services limit its focus to iust training or the rehabilitation center, but extend will to reach out to PWDs in remote areas. The composition of team members
be
multidisciplinary, including health personnel, teachers, vocational in the instructors and business assistants. Health centers or the oPHCC for community could be used to set up a community office or unit with rehabilitation. The Disability Resource Team will coordinate their work
assistant coordinators in each district. These coordinators will actively locate and identify PWDs who need rehabilitative services, or who have no current training and are interested in gaining employment or starting a small
skill
their
familiesrand the communitYrto be self-reliant in the management of their own health and social problem. The process of PAR will enable the community people to identify their own problems and needs, to decide the means and methods to handle and manage their problems with their own resources.
process to transform their social realities, through collective action. The CBR units can be established in the community with the assistance and suppott of the TAO and VHVs and as a result of PAR. This activity can be supported by JICA under the CEP scheme.
58
Bibliography
1. Department
2. 3.
Foundation for Handicapped Children, "Manual of disability prevention: Disability is Preventable", Foundation for Handicapped Children, "Dohsa-Hou for Disability Children
in Japan", 1998.
4.
5.
6.
Institute of Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, "National Survey on Pre-school and School Disabled Children", 1998. Kanitha Thewindhorpakdi "Rehabilitation for the Disabled: Way to Success
7.
8.
National Statistics Office, "The Status of Thai Disabled Persons", Otfice of Prime Minister, 1999. Otfice of Rehabilitation for Disabled Person Committee, Department of
SocialWelfare, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, "Directory of GOs and NGOs Working with Disabilities".
9.
10. Office of Rehabilitation for Disabled Person Committee, Department of SocialWelfare, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, "Annual Report
1ggg".
12. Otfice of Rehabilitation for Disabled Person Committee, Department of SocialWelfare, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, "Rehabilitation for
Persons with Disabilities Acts 1991'.
13.
999.
60
61
Annex
pwDs, Thailand
Number
1.
2.
5
1
3.
1.
16 9 13
1
2. Seruice for persons with hearing impairment 3. Seruice for persons with locomotive impairment 4. Service for persons with mental impairment 5. Service for persons with intellectual impairment 6. General service for persons with disabilities
Source
6
15
Directory of GO and NGO working with PWDs, Department of Social Welfare. Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
NAME
Address
A) Educational Development
Center for the Blind at Khonkaen
B) Educational Development
Center for the Blind at Nakhonratchasima Roi-et Education and Rehabilitation for the Blind Center
Hearina or communication
63711-5 Ratuthit Road, Muang, Nakhonphanom 48000 Tel: (042) 513005 511074 Fax : (042) 51 1653
NAME
Address
109 Moo 12, Pattamanond Road, Robmuang, Muang, Roi-et 45000 Tel: (043) 526641
Support for mental retardation Foundation of Thailand A) Social Welfare Center for Udorn-Khonkaen Road, Noensoong, the Mentally Retarded; Muang, Udonthani North-Eastern Region Tel: (042) 295252 Daughter of Charity Foundation
(Th ida-Metadham Foundation)
Directory of Government organizations who provide services to pwDs, Nodh Eastern Region Name Ministry of Public Health Mental Health Department
Address
A) Nakhonratchasima
Mentality Hospital
B) Nakhonphanom Mentality
Hospital
210 Nakhonphanom-Tha Uthain Road, Arch-samard, Muang, Nakhonphanom 48000 Tel : (042) 512272 512512 Fax : 51 3262
Sri-mahaphot Mentality Hospital, Muang, Ubonratchathani 34000 Tel: (0a5) 312550 Fax:312542 Khonkaen Mentality Hospital, Muang, Khomkaen 40000 Tel : (043) 227422 Fax: 224-722
C) Sri-mahaphot Mentality
Hospita.
D) Khonkaen Mentality
Hospital Medical Seruice Department
A) Chaiyaphum general
hospital
Muang, Chaiyaphm 36000 Tel : (044) 81 100s Muang, Nakhonphanom 48000 Tel : (042) 511424 Muang, Buriram 31000 Tel : (044) 612082 Muang, Yasothon 35000 Tel : (045) 71 1580 Muang, Roi-et 45000 Tel : (043) s13001 Muang, Srisaket 33000 Tel : (045) 61 1503 Muang, Loei 42000 Tel : (042) 81 1679 Muang, Sakonnakhon 47000 Tet : (042) 71 1636
B) Nakhonphanom general
hospital
H) Sakonnakhon general
hospitat
Name
l)
A) Khonkaen University
Sri-nakarinHospital, Mitrtaparp Road, Muang, Khonkaen 40000 Tel : (043) 241331-44 ert 1696
Ministry of Education
A) Education Region 9
Muang, Khonkaen 40000 Tel : (043) 221-751 Fax222962 Muang, Udonthani 41000 Tel : (042) 323682 Fax 232683 Muang, Khonkaen 40000 Tel : (043) 246-493
Udonthani
Khonkaen
B) Education Region
retard)
10
Muang, Ubonratchathani 34000 Tel: (045) 3127641 Muang, Mukdahan 49000 Tel : (042) 612237 Muang, Kalasin 46120 Tel : (043) 891080 Muang, Roi-et 45170 Tel : (043) 569278
(deaf/hearing loss)
C) Education Region
11
Muang, Surin 32140 Tel : (044) 551793 Muang, Nakhonratchasima 30000 Nakhonratchasima
Name Special Education Center Region Special program (Blind + normal) Primary School Education
Address
10 Muan@
Tel : (045) 312764 Fax 281308
Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 236506 Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 236579 Muang, khonkaen, (043) 2377O2 bumrung Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 221829 Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 236978 Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 22225a Normal Education Department Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 221511 Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 2217A9 Muang, Khonkaen, (043) 2G1154 Muang, Nakhonratchasima, (044) 214557 Fax21444O Muang, Nakhonratchasima, (044) 213398 Muang, Nakhon ratchasima,
(044) 257667
M
Khonkaen
North-Eastern Region
Annex ll
Name
Praku Wanroph
Yarnnawaro
WatTunry
Khonkaen. District Chief Officer Sriboonruang, t\long Bua Lamphu
Dr.Kriengsak
Akepongse
Santinantaruk
physician of Sriboonruang Community Hospital, Nong Bua Lamphu l'el : (042) 353443-5, 351063
Fax:351214
Mr. Samart Ratanapatheepporn President of Provincial Administrative Organization, Nong Bua Lamphu Mr. Prai Somlela Grandfather of a PWD
Somlela
Tumwong
Ms.Sarapee
Nambandhit
Teacher
Muang Mai School Nong Bua Lamphu
Name Ms.Surapee
Vasinonffi
Office of the on Committee Rehabilitation for Disabled persons, Oepartment of Social Welfare, lvlinistry of Labor and SocialWelfare
fel:2822853,
Mr.
O2B3O19
Wisit
Sanamchuad
Lawyer Otfice of the Committee on Rehabilitation for Disabled persons, Oepartment of Social Wetfare, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare.
Dr. Pattariya
Jaruttat
Tel:5914242
Mr. Teera Jantrarat Director Education for PWD Division, Ministry of Education
Tel:2807045-6
Fax:2807045
Name
Abbot
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Mr.Thongka Thikaban
Mr.Porn Haoheng
Ms.Suwisa Rongjumnong Ms.Junhorm Sriraksa
1. Adul
Ung-kavaro
Monk
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8, 9.
10.
Mr.Charus Thavorn
Mr.Nicoom Malee
Mr.Kamsaen Champakaew
Mr.Chalerm Sacha
Annex lll
Mahidol University
lnterviewer
Mr./Mrs./Miss
lnterviewee : Mr./Mrs./Miss
Address:......
Village:..
..Sub-district...
District
,....Province:
1. Sex
) 2. Age
(
Male
Female
......,.years
3. Education
(
(
() ()
4. Marital status
( ) Single O Married ( ) Widowed/SeParated/Divorced
5. Occupation
o o o o o o
1. Main occupation
O Self-employment
2. 3.
Family
income
O Saving
.. BahVmonth
( ) Enough ( ) Not enough
. years........ months
persons person
.. persons
1.
Sex
O
3.
Male
2. Duration of disability
.....
O
... years ...... years
Female
Age.
4. Marital status
O O ()
() () () ()
6.
Education
O Current
()
Past ) )
Class .... Type otrinooi O Normal Education School O Special Education School ( ) Informal Education School
Level of highest education Type ofschool Normal Education School O Special Education School ( Informal Education School Reason for not studying. Reason for never attending school
t ) Never )
)
O )
7.
Occupation
( Unemptoyed ( ) Earning income for their own (Specify job) Helping family (e.9. agriculture, business etc.) without pay O
8.
Yes
O No
outside by themselves?
O not appticabte
O Yes O No (specify
reason).
( ) g-5 day/week ( 1-2 day/month
.......)
O Everyday
day/week
) )
No helper Road condition Ditficulty in getting on/otf Bus/Mass Transit Expensive transportation fare Afraid Embarrassing /feel shame Others (specify)
) )
Otfice
Institute/Foundation/Hospital
Other (specify).
O School O Home
1....
2..... 3.,...
1
Greeting together
3.
1.
Yes
No
I
(why ?)
Hearing or Communication
( ) Stammering
O O
Total deafness
Seeing
( ) One-eyed blindness
Two-eyed blindness
O Body or Movement
( ) Amputation/part of arm ( ) Amputation/part of leg
@ Mental or behavior
( ) Psychosis
O lntellectual disability
( ) Mental retardation
@
3. Cause of disability
o o o o
o o o o
Other (specify)
relatives
1. Initial detection
of disability of PWD by
O Self-detection
( ) Friend/neighbor ( ) Colleagues/teacher/monl</village headman ( ) Other specify.
2.
O Treated at health center O Consulted with village health volunteers ( ) Treated by fraud ( ) Treated by traditional healers ( ) Treated by spiritual healers ( ) Treated by masseuse/masseur O Treated by monks
( ) Other (specify).
3.
O Yes by9
( ) Modern practitioner (e.9. doctor, nurse, etc.) ( ) Fraud ( ) Spiritual practitioner ( ) Traditional practitioner ( ) Other (specify). ()
No
( ) Family is too busy ( ) Difficult to go out for treatment ( ) Don't know the place for treatment ( ) Provide treatment themselves ( ) Other (specify).
by themselves?
O Eating
( ) Urinating/defecating ( ) Traveling/moving ( ) Doing house work
O Communicating
O Reading
( ) Writing ( ) Independence / perform regular tasks
specify
( ) Working to earn income (self financial support) ( ) Working to earn income for their own families
5. Who provides
( ) Spouse ) Children/grandchildren ( ) Parent ) Brother/sister ( ) Grandparent ) Relative ( ) Friend/neighbor ( ) Nobodyhelps ( ) Other specify
6.
2 3
7.
O Yes
( ) No (specify the reason) ( ) Depend
( ) Stable
- February 2O0O
O Treatment received
( ) Modern medicalcare
( ) Self treatment /or traditional medicine
( ) No treatment
( ) Yes (specify)
ONo
O Smoking
O Yes
ONo
O Drinking alcohol O Yes
ONo
ONo
( ) Not sure
( ) No (skip to Question no. 4) ( )Yes9 specify ( ) Care /rehabilitation (where)...... ( ) Education (where). ( ) Occupation (where).....
3. Are PWDs satisfied with rehabilitation courses?
O Yes O No (specify).
4. Have PWDs ever had rehabilitation ?
O Yes ONo
5. lf yes, from whom?
(
( (
(
6.
) Regularly
) Once in a while ) Never
7.
()
Yes (How).
the benefits about being registered as pWDs
?
ONo
9. Did PWDs know
( ) Yes (specify).
ONo
10. Have PWDs ever been assisted or helped by the following persons/group in the community ?
Persons/group
- Village headman - Teacher - Monk - Neighbor - Volunteer - Group/club specify - Tamboon Administration - Other
les (specify)
No
' How do PWD perceive the attitudes of family and community towards their
disabilities
?
Family no
Community yes
no
- ls a burden on the family - ls shameful for the family - ls a result of sin and bad conduct - ls a person to be understood - ls a useful person - ls a person that needs to be cared for - ls a person that the family can be
- ls a person that should receive exceptional privilege ls a person that should be treated like qny other
2. Do you think that disability can be prevented ?
OYes
ONo
10
3.
Yes
No
.........
.......
4.
Yes
No
ication/telephon e
Living conditions
Government services
- Medical carel rehabilitation services - Education
- Occupation/ job opportunity
11