Fourth Year Report 2010 (Draft)

University of Nairobi B.A.S / B.
Arch Fourth Year Research Report Comparative Analysis of Human Thermal Comfort: Mbarak Hinawy Rd & Cathedral Road (Mombasa) Project 4.5.0 2009 / 2010
Contents
Introduction Climatic Analysis Moi International Airport Meteorogical Station (Analysis of Data) Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road Street Facade Character Individual Building Analysis Analysis of Cathedral Road Street Facade Character Individual Building Analysis Comparative Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements
Missing: -3 buildings from old town -3 buildings from Cathedral Road -Comparative Analysis -Panorama/Street facade character for both streets -Conclusions NB: Some headings can be clicked to go to the respective page
3 4 7 8 9 54 55 68 72 73
Introduction
Climatic Analysis : Moi International Airport Metereogical Station

The climate of Mombasa is classified as a hot- humid climate or warm-humid climate. This refers to the fact that the diurnal range varies slightly between day and night and the temperatures are usually high. This is accompanied by high levels of humidity. It stretches 50km inland and the vegetation of the area is predominantly covered by the following: palm trees, mangrove trees, mango trees and wooden bush areas. As seen from the graph below, there is a relatively uniform relationship between the dry bulb temperature and the humidity. Also notable is how the dry bulb temperature is almost always above the comfort level denoted by the grey line. The high temperature coupled with humidity averaging 80%, requires a design with ample ventilation to provide comfort to the interior spaces. This can be achieved by utilising cross ventilation through courtyards, narrow building typologies and structures with large, shaded surface areas.
- Global Horizontal Radiation is said to be the sum of direct and diffuse through atmosphere and clouds) radiation only - Direct Normal Radiation is radiation directly from the sun - Diffuse Radiation is radiation that has been scattered through atmosphere and clouds
The graph above shows the daily diurnal temperature changes (for each month). It compares dry and wet Bulb temperatures. As noted earlier this kind of climate has a diurnal variation of about 5 C between the dry bulb temperatures during the day and during the night. Also juxtaposed alongside this is the analysis of the daily radiation levels and how they vary throughout the year. Due to the high levels of radiation, the planning of Old Town Mombasa uses narrow streets to minimize heat gain from radiation. This also allows relief to the users of the streets as it is usually 5-10C cooler than unshaded areas.

Rainfall varies between 900mm - 1200mm annually. The pattern of rainfall is higher closer to the sea and declines as you move inland. This inturn leads to dense vegetation closer to the sea as compared to the vegetation further inland. The highest amount is received during the monsoon months of April and September.
Wind prevails from North Easterly and South Easterly directions. These monsoon winds vary with the sea-land breeze during the day and land-sea breezes during the night. The land-sea breeze is around 1-2m/s whereas the sea-land breeze is around 4-8m/s. The daily average is around 3-4m/s.
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: The Mombasa Club

CONTEXTUAL The Mombasa Club was founded by the British in 1885, and built directly beside Fort Jesus. It has an impressive view of the harbor and is accessed through Mbarak Hinawy Road. Unlike the buildings around old town, the Mombasa Club does not conform to the traditional Swahili treatment of facades. SPATIAL The absence of motifs and artwork show that the building was constructed with a much more contemporary mind set (comparatively). Basic geometric shapes (rectangles, squares and half circles used on the grating) are used to create the elements within the facades. WINDOW SIZES 1000mm wide and 1500mm high 1200mm wide by 1600mm high 900mm wide by 1800mm high 1200mm wide by 1800mm high 1500mm wide by 1500mm high 600mm wide by 1000mm high Sunshading Windows on the East and West facing facades are shielded by a covered walkway. Those that may be exposed are shaded by a 600mm eave pitched roofs built over each of them.
PV Louvres
Heights The building has four floors which are partialy stepped to conform with the slope of the site. However, the changes in heights at different points makes the building fall out of place as compared to others in the area. Surface finishes The facade is predominantly plastered and painted. Few sections are however done in wood and painted. ARCHITECTURAL
2 meter high column, diameter 300mm at the base and 250mm at the top
3000mm wide by 2500mm height grating Glass panes arranged in patterns timber casement window. 1200mm wide, 1500mm high with a 40mm frame. Painted timber frame
Glass pane
MBARAK HINAWY STREET
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Arcaf House

CONTEXTUAL /BACKGROUND
Arcaf house is a modern building in a predominantly 18th century swahili Town houses street(mbarak hinawy) The house stands at a site that fomerly housed william oswal and co. Exporters building(a two storey building). The businessmen were german Merchants who moved from zanzibar to mombasa in 1998 Later the building housed a small tailoring business by mr. D. J rendios. The current house(arcaf) is a mixed use building designed to house retail Rental spaces, offices and apartments
Flat Roof Roof Parapet
SPATIAL
The entire bulding is 14,500mm wide The building is five storeys high, with a storey height of Approximately 3000mm with the ground floor being about 5000mm high
Recessed Balcony. Alluminium casement Windows

WALLS used as nish. Fenestrations are assymetrically Ceiling Windows with alluminium mulions on the facades. The Floors Door used is wooden detailed in an arabic style. Ceramic Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh. Texture WALLS Colour 2nd shops on the ground oor respec
ARCHITECTURAL Ceramic Lime plaster
Lime white wash.
Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wa brick facing. ordered;-use of glass
FLOORS
CEILING
Pre-cast Concrete Window Sill.
Cream The verandah floor is finished with terrazo. & green on the 1st and
The exterior wall is a 400mm thick coral stone, Finished with plaster and a white paint render.
Corner Window.
FLOORS
Smooth
Dark brown
Smooth White CEILING The entrance is articulatedpaintuse of a cantilevered by whitewash CANOPY. LANDSCAPING Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and has been To conform to the street character an attemptvehicular trac.Materials used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. Made to have the extended balcony at level with the Neighbouring buildings. Also by use of narrow vertical WINDOW SIZE DOOR SIZE Windows.
Can Canopy at the Entrance. Wood Entrance Door (Swahili with Arabic mo
STREET ELEVATION (Mbarak Hinawy street)
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: CTN Building

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building now called ctn house formally hosted ali curio shop and some residential houses.it now houses offices for an entertainment company CTN,cable network SPATIAL Street geometry The buildings fenestrations are symmetrical.the main door being the centre of organisation. This character is repeated throughout the street. The height of the building is approximately 9.3 metres. The width is approximately 10 metres Orientation The building is oriented in a east west direction Height width ratio The height width ratio of the building is approximately 1.1 ARCHITECTURAL The building has thick walls approximately 500 mm thick which make it quite Cold at night.the balcony sunshades the upper residential quarters. Outwardly. FINISHES EXTERNAL 1)WALLS
+9300 galvanated iron sheets on roofing intricately decorated fascia board painted black
A)coral rubble in lime motar B)lime plaster work 2)ROOF A)Galvanised iron sheets B)black paint on fascia
3)BALCONY A)Balustrade made of curved mvule painted white B)Brackets made of hardwood mvule timber 3)WINDOWS A)Steel burglar proofing at entry painted black INTERNAL 1)Floor Cement screed and PVC tiles
louvred timber panel windows +5300 intricately decorated balustrade painted white +4000 intricately curved timber brackets painted black 400mm deep niche on wall metallic windows painted black
mettalic door painted black G.L
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Warehouse

CONTEXTUAL
Historical & Cultural background. This is a single storey building that was use and is s used to date as a warehouse. It was owned by traders who would store up the goods which they traded with the early arab traders. Initially there was a twin warehouse right next to it but it came down recently due to wear and tear. Human Activities Other than the building being used as storage, there is no much human interaction with the building
SPATIAL
Character of Building Facades. The building is a single storey that has a double-pitched roof with gable ends. Because of the use of the building, it has been positioned away from the main street (behind the other buildings). Consequently, there is minimal decoration the facades. The window are rectangular and are all uniform in size. Surface Finishes. The facade was initially nished by use of a smooth lime based plaster. However, degradation of the surface nish has left the walling material bare and hence there have been attempt to use motar to plaster the facades. Metalic burglar proong added on wooden panel windows. Heights. In comparison with the other surrounding buildings, it is genarally shorter because its has a single level. However, its oor to ceiling height of 4500mm is generally higher than the adjuscent buildings. This could be because of the large volume required for storage goods. Orientation The warehouse building has the longer axis oriented in the North-South orientation
CEILING WALLS WALLS FLOORS
Lime ARCHITECTURAL white wash. Ceramic
WALLS
FLOORS
FLOORS
Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wa Lime plaster Texture Colour used as nish. Smooth on the higherbrick facing. Cream & green on the 1st and Ceiling Surface nish levels, i.e 1st & 2nd ConstrucMaterial 2nd shops on the ground oor Floors oor. respec Rough on the ground Ceramicupto about 900mm Cement Screed. level Coral rag, cement, lime Lime white wash. due to chapping and Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh. Lime white wash. surfaceplaster. dierent textures. Smooth Dark brown
Cement Screed. Cement Screed. IronWhite on wooden trusses Sheets
CEILING CEILING/ROOF Coral lime stone has been used to costruct the walls. LANDSCAPING
Smooth paint whitewash

Vanish on wooden parts and black paint on metalic burglar proong
Window & door frame, sash frame and panel all made of solid wood. Additional metalic burglar proong Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular trac.Materials used are cabro has been added.
WINDOWS & DOORS
blockroad & lime plaster on steps.
1.980
WINDOW SIZE
DOOR SIZE
Texture Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm Relatively Smooth NB:AllWALLS are same windows in size.
SUNSHADING ELEMENTS
Colour Height=approx. 2400mm

White Grey
Width=approx. 1800mm NB:All doors are double doors.
FLOORS
Relatively Smooth
2.000
2.100 0.400
9.500
Latest interventionof motar plaster on the degraded surfaces of the walls
2.500
4.500
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Dalal House

CONTEXTUAL
Historical & Cultural background. Dalal houseis a three storey building that was mordenized in the early 1950's,1951 to be precise.It has had a variety of uses over time. Between 19131920 it had a commercial use as one of the first banks in East Africa. It was also part of Barclays Bank in 1926. Currently it has a totally different function.It now has two curio shops at the lowest level and houses living quaters above. Buildings along this road seem to have a common template of shops on the ground level and flats above Human Activities Being used as a curio shop at ground level,most activities are business such as buying and selling. Once in a while during the day,you can spot someone resting on the wide steps that are before the shop. At around 5:00pm people sit in clusters on the side of this building as they chat.The building has deep niches that allow for cormfortable seating. Later in the night,activities on the ground floor cease and the upper floors serve as apartments.
0.200 1.250
Railing on the central balcony opening from the kitchcen
0.160
3.400
Gutters and downpipe as drain for water from the roof to the storm water drain below.
Hardwood panel door as entrance door to one of the residential units Steel plate and h.s entrance door to detail
4.800
0.150
1800mm high steel casement window placed 600mm above current storey with a curved top to mimic islamic fenestration along the whole facade
1951
DALAL HOUSE
3.400
Decorative pattern on the concrete balustrade as shown in detail below.
SPATIAL
Character of Building Facades . in tems of character , the building is taller than the adjacent buildings rising to three storeys as compared to the rest which rise to only two. The windows and doors all read as one due to the treatment by use of the islamic arch over the top. In terms of facade articulation, all the windows are aligned vertically and the same applies also to the doors. The doors are uniform in size but different in articulation given their different treament.ons are symetrically ordered with the main entry door and balcony access Surface Finishes. The facade is entire and is finished by use of smooth plaster. The renders used for the ground floor are differentiated in terms of colour but are of similar consistency, i.e. they are lime based renders. Heights. In comparison to other facades on this street, it is of greater height(3 stories). Windows are of the same height and width. Arches above the windows and doors decrease in size floor to floor with the 2nd floor having the smallest arches Orientation: The street facing facade is generally oriented eastwest.
Decorative carving on the lamu door . Representative of wealth and is suitable only for shop front entrances.
25.718
Entrance wicket gate to the side and to the vertical ciculation i.e the vertical staircase.
Decorative carving over the entrance to the business premise i.e the curio shop. The same type of Lamu door carving is typical of Bussiness premises.
SURFACE FINISH WALLS Lime white wash. Ceramic tiles. Lime plaster used as finish. Ceiling Floors Ceramic tiles. Lime white wash. Texture Smooth on the higher levels, i.e 1st & 2nd floor. Rough on the ground level upto about 900mm due to chapping and different surface textures. Smooth Smooth paint whitewash
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wattle& brick facing.
Steel compartment for the foldable roller steel garage door. Metallic flat section wound decoration which is typical of swahili fenestration
FLOORS CEILING
Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh. Colour Cream & green on the 1st and 2nd shops on the ground floor respectively
Steel flat section plate anchorage to the locks
as
WALLS
25mm door
wide
frame
to
the
steel
FLOORS
165mm high entrance steps treads to the
Dark brown White
CEILING
RESIDENTIAL WOODEN PANEL DOOR CURIO SHOP DOOR
RESIDENTIAL METALLIC SECURITY DOOR
LANDSCAPING Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular traffic.Materials used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm NB:All windows are same in size. SUNSHADING ELEMENTS DOOR SIZE Height=approx. 2400mm Width=approx. 1800mm NB:All doors are double doors.
Metallic flat section baluster. Pattern on false pillar articulating the side entrance. Metallic flat section wound decoration which is typical of swahili fenestration
CONCRETE BALUSTER DETAIL
Transition step from street level to side entrance.
Recessed window and door openings by approx. 200mm. Shade created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings.
Lug in concrete anchorage
slab
as
WICKET GATE AT THE SIDE OF THE BUILDINGASACCESSTOVERTICAL CIRCULATION MOULDING DESIGN ON PERIPHERAL WALL AND STAIR BALUSTRADE
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Residential

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building which is situated near the ocean front was built around 300 years ago according to several sources and the owner. It was built by the Portugese during their reign in Mombasa. The access for pedestrians and vehicles is through a relatively wide passage, which is linked to Mbarak Hinawy Road. The balconies face the ocean front and is set back quite a distance from it. Part of the front facade is blocked by a more recent building (150 years). The landscaped area fronting it is used as a place for social gathering during the late afternoons where people chew Khat (Miraa). The children and even adults use the access to the sea to catch fish with long strings. The neighbourhood is primarily residential and has no commercial interest in close proximity. SPATIAL This building has a unique appearance as compared to the neighbouring buildings. The predominant construction material used on the others is coral stone with stone balconies. The building form is symmetrical along the East - West axis. It has access on both Eastern and Western facades and an external concrete staircase on the Western side. ARCHITECTURAL The building has a proportion of 1:1.6. It has the typical wooden balconies associated with the construction around the area, however there are also a number of unique features. These include the contoured Teak timber columns that support the balcony and the stone capital and base used. Another feature is the lack of ornamentation on the door. The entrance is raised 1000 mm and is accessed through four steps. The solid teak timber door lacks ornamentation and has steel bolts and brass knockers on each leaf. The proportion of the door is about 1:2. Walls are 500 mm thick and built from Coral block or rag and lime mortar. The plaster used is also lime based and so is the final render. A recent modification is the use of paint. Windows are made from timber and glass with steel rods providing security. They have been painted with a blue high gloss oil paint. The proportion of the window is also about 1:2. The windows on the balcony are also timber framed but open outward. The solid timber columns are spaced at 3100 mm centres. They have timber capitals and stone bases of similar design. They have protruding lines along the circumference at 50 mm centres The wooden balcony is supported using the timber joists and the columns. The intricate carving is carried onto the fascia board. The tapered end allows water to drip down. The roofing material is corrugated iron sheets. It is supported on timber rafters.
CGI Sheets on Timber Rafters 9500mm
7700mm Timber Framed Casement windows Timber Balcony built using Teak imported from India Carved Timber Balustrades
5000mm
Timber Capital carved from one piece
Carved Timber Fascia Board
Contoured Teak Timber Colums
D-02 Timber Carving
500mm Thick Coral block wall with lime plaster and paint 1000mm Stone Base carved from one piece D-01 Column Base
Ground Level 15,625
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road
950 50 50 325 100 325 50 50 170mm 200 320
50
50
700
D-01
145
50
50 50
1,800
50
915
700
Solid Teak Door (No carving/ornamentation) Steel Bolts Brass Knockers
50
165 100 100
65
90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
65
50
9mm Dia. Steel Rods 50mm x 75mm Timber Frame Inward opening Timber Casement Windows
85 90 70 625 90 625 70 90 1,660 Recent Steel Mesh screen door(usually left open)
695
70
90 2,245 3,185
D-02
Detail of Window, Column Base, Wooden Balustrades and Fascia Board 1:20 Images of Detaied areas: Brass Knockers, Windows, Column Capital and base, Wooden Balustrades, Fascia Board and Door
Detail of main entrance door 1:50

Concrete Retaining Walls Mazeras Stone Paving Concrete Interlocking Blocks
Concrete Steps
CONTEXTUAL This is a fairly old building, about 150 years (Source: one of the neighbours). It exhibits none of the characteristic features of an old Town architecture. Though the building has balconies and wooden doors and windows, they are sordidly out of touch with the glorious treatment old details in Old Town. The building in study is one of those that face the ocean directly and are accessed way off the Mbarak Hinawy Street. The building was originally used for residential purposes and is still being used for the same. The street is empty throughout the day i.e. very little activity goes on the area is quiet at night. SPATIAL CHARACTER OF BUILDING FACADES Height Ground floor height is about 3.5m while first and second floor are also 3.5m in height, but the building is about 8- 8.5 m high. Street geometry The facade as a whole takes an orthogonal form that been enhanced by the shape that the individual windows, door and balcony take. The orientation of most doors, windows and balconies directly face the ocean. Different levels of privacy needed have been achieved, before you get to the building is a fence, the entry to the house is burglar proofed and most doors to the outside are permanently sealed. ARCHITECTURE The building is a single story, and looks different from the buildings on the Mbarak Hinawy Street, has a private dwelling feel and is enhanced with the presence of a chain link fence and burglar proofing on the veranda at the ground floor. Walls The walls are made of masonry and finished with cement based plaster. This has then been painted cream. The floor has been finished with cement and red oxide. Timber The main type of wood used is the Teak from India .The wood has been used on the doors and windows. Landscaping Features The building faces the sea front. Vegetation includes variations of palm trees and others. Features include a drainage channel running along the edge of the building and Mazeras paved pedestrian walkway. The street is paved using Cabro Interlocking concrete blocks.
6,000
9,500
SIDE ELEVATION
Sea Level
3,000
12,500
FRONT ELEVATION
Timber Door
4,900
7,600
3,000
BACK ELEVATION
40
louvers window frame window panel
40
60
60 40 60 340 340
60
40
WINDOW
40
60
900
60
40
300
6800
1,000
300mm high concrete crenellations. Islamic influence. Timber louvred windows with corrugated iron sheet overhang as sun-shading supported by timber brackets that have been nailed together. Recessed balcony overlooking the ocean
Glass panelled windows.
Timber panelled top hung windows.
Timber shutter windows with high level timber louvres.
-The building is situated directly opposite the site. It lies on one side of the road that slips in from Mbarak Hinawy. and is used as a residential apartment of sorts. It houses 10 tenants on the first floor onwards, the ground floor is currently unoccupied. The building has a courtyard on the western side, and acts as the main residential entrance location. -The building doesnt have a lot of activity going on within its compound. On its immediate exterior, however, there is a public space that has been landscaped and stepped down to the ocean, and it acts as a buffer as well as a social gathering space. :-The building has been constructed with coral stone, which is a material that is common within old town Mombasa. The windows are a mix of timber panels, timber louvres, glass louvres and panels. Due to security risks, there are steel grills that have been put up on the ground floor windows. There are two entrances. The buildings orientation maximizes on the views into the ocean
views to the ocean
450mm doric columns
Coral stone with lime plaster work in disrepair. Basic landscaping has been done on side of the road.
Concrete crenelations give the building a islamic character giving the building a 'home base' within the immediate surroundings.
main entrance into compound
Egg crate wall, with different shapes the wall has shards of glass on the top side to act as theft deterrent.
This platform is within the private premises of the building the residents of the building keep to themselves, and the gate is almost always locked with no activity being visible from the outside. Coral stone retaining wall with weepers at 900mm from the top, These drain the platform that serves the private residence. This platform is part of the area of land set out for the public and is thus frequented by the public.
900 4,650
100 1,500 2,190 7,000
450 2,800 3,700 2,760
Indian Ocean, coral stone protects the retaining wall from the direct hit from the waves that would otherwise cause damage to the retaining wall.
2,100
4,540
The building has 2 facades that are exposed to public view, Main entrance door, intricately designed with islamic influences. I) The street facade ii) The ocean facing facade. The street facade has been treated with coral render and plaster, unfortunately that facade has been left derelict and due to the organic nature of the materials used on the wall, discolouration due to moss has occurred. The facade has three different sets of windows on all three levels, the window heights are not proportional to the widths, as is with most of the residential houses in and around Old Town, Mombasa. The windows vary from timber shutters, to glass panels that have steel grills. These grills are common on the ground floor windows. -These windows have been irregularly placed in terms of height from finished ground floor level. Hence the facade is not symmetrical. -The ocean side facade has symmetry, and character. Doric columns have been placed on the ground level. They bulge in the middle and have a space of 6,600mm between each other. They have stone bases and tops, that have not been designed are basically simplistic. They rise 4,500mm high and support a cantilever that houses the top 2 floors. The overhang then becomes the defining element for the entrance, that has been raised 4 steps high at 220mm riser heights. The door has been intricately designed as with most houses that ascribe to Islamic culture. The section shows the width of the verandah.
1,500
3,280
2,673
900
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Monas Shop

Iron sheet roofing; gradient of 22.5 degrees wood fascia board with intricate curvilinear patterns Balustrades made from wood section butt jointed and nailed to the support system. Arched niche over window recessed at 150mm into the wall Triangular buttress system to support balcony Niche on top of the door is an important area for all manner of decorative motifs Solid wood panelled door with patterned motifs at the door frame Street level
CONTEXTUAL/ FUNCTIONAL Building Location The building is a 3 storey development located along MBARAK HINAWY ROAD, on the southern side towards the ocean. The building has its main facade facing the main street. The general orientation of the building is N and S; The longer facades are towards the east and west while the short facades are towards the north and south. The main access for the building is through MBARAK HINAWY ROAD, which is a fairly busy street with a mixture of commercial and residential activity. The immediate neighbours for the building include the famous Mombasa hotel, the swahili cultural institute (on the opposite side of Mbarak Hinawy) and the mandhri mosque to the far right. SPATIAL Building Height The building height is averagely 11m, with the ground floor going up to 4.0 m, the first storey is 3.5m and the second storey going up to 3.5 m. The roof extends to a height of 2.0 m. The height of the ground floor is a response to the hot humid climate at the coast; to give enough headroom for natural cooling and ventilation. The building is raised off the main street leve by around 600mm and is accessed by stone steps which also act as seats for relaxation during the day. Building Usage The ground floor hosts business activities like the beauty parlour and curio shop. The first floor and second floor purely residential and is accessed from the alleway on the leading to the ocean. The balconies form an important area for outdoor activities during the day. They are also used for drying wet laundry.
Stone steps at the main entrance; keeps off storm water at street level
GALVANISED
2.000
CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS
NEW CONSTRUCTION
USE OF MASONRY FOR THE WALL IN THIS REGION
BALCONY
3.000
CORAL STONE PRE DOMINANTLY USED 600MM PROTRUDING CANOPY LIME PLASTER SURFACE FINISH TRIPLE SASH CASEMENT WINDOWS
0.500
ASS THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT
MBARUK HINAWY
3.000
MAHOGANY MULLION ELEMENT CABBRO BLOCK FINSH
4.000
STREET PERSPECTIVE OF THE BUILDING
BUTTRESES
1.600
2.100
2.400 1.200OFFER SUPPORT FOR THE
DECORATED
VERTICAL WALLING
2.200
BARAZA
0.600 0.900 3.000
EARTH
steps leading to the residential units above
burglar proofing in front of the door
steps in front of the door, used for sitting during the day
Burglar proofed windows
MAIN STREET ELEVATION FROM MBARAK HINAWY ROAD
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Monas Shop

ARCHITECTURAL Balconies Balconies are a major achitectural feature in mombasa old town. They form a major component of the street scape. Balconies cantilever over the street providing a space underneath which is useful for relaxation during the day. They act as sun-shading elements. The major construction material used is wood (indian teak). Hardwood wood beams (75x 150mm) spaced at 300mm apart are the major support elements for the balconies. The beams run through to be the ceiling support for the indoor spaces. The balconies are further supported by triangular butress sections which are also highly decorated.The butresses are spaced at 2000mm apart with each section measuring 75mmx 100mm. The butresses are anchored to the wall using iron bolts and coral lime plaster. Butt joints and wood bolts are used to join the butresses and the beam section. Fascia board At the toe of the balcony is a wooden fascia board that is highly decorated with curvilinear motifs patterns. The fascia board is curved from thin wood veneers of a thickness slightly below 20mm. The fascia board is found both on the first and second storey balconies and conceals the ceiling behind it. The fascia board gives the character of the street and prevent direct rain from the verandah. Embellishment Balconies provide a space for embellishment and decoration. The balustrades are shaped to form intricate patterns which is carried through in the whole design of the building. In this case a square shaped pattern tilted at an angle of 45 degrees have been used. The height of the top railing for the balconies is about 1000mm which is high enough to prevent people from falling over. The balconies form a major space for relaxing and other outdoor activities during the day. Occasionally women carry out their duties from the balconies. The balconies are also used for hanging laundry to dry. day. They are also used for drying wet laundry.
DETAILS
Triangular butress
Baraza for relaxing

new extension to the building glazed window with no burglar proof freeze on the second storey made from coral plaster recessed arched niche over the window burglar proof window at street level worn out plaster finish exposing the coral rug wall embarkment to support the coral rug wall EAST ELEVATION
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Building No. 6

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building seats at a configuration subject to plot dimensions along the beacon points. The balconies project to the street and argumenting well with the other buildings, such that it is like one continous facade with different characteristics. The major human activities are commercial at ground floor and residential at the upper floors. At the ground floor we have a gift shop; Red and Orange trading which sells artistic items, antiques. The upper floors; first and second are occupied by one person, the first floor houses a lounge, dinning, kitchen and guest room while the second floor houses two bedrooms and both floors have balconies. The outdoor space consist of a street with changing facets of street activity, considering the close proximity to Mandry Mosque. Short meetings are common and since is quite a cool street becuse of shadow effect. At night, the space acts as outdoor podium for relaxation, this as a result of the Hot and Humid CLIMATE experienced at the coastal region. SPATIAL Building no. 6 is a 2 storey structure, 3 floors whereby the ground floor is used for commercial activities and the rest of the floors are used for residential purposes. The Building is occupied by one tenant. There are three entries to the building; one is to the gift shop at the front, the other is to the backyard of the builing and another leads to a staircase which leads to the residential units above. ARCHITECTURAL Surface finishes and construction Materials Walls are plastered with lime, rendered portions of the concrete beams, wooden members are painted maroon and front facade wall pianted cream. The floor is finished with cement and the stairs have polished wooden surfaces. The wire meshing has been left without surface finsh and therefore the rustic nature arguments the aging building. Sun-shading elements and canopies The Baconies below act as canopies and Sunshaders with the decorative balustrades. The builidings actually cast shadow on each subsequent building and hence shade each other. Landscaping features Attempt at interior and exterior landscape shown by presence of planters, planter pots and climbers. Drainage is open drainge system, Despite the street being narrow, vehicles can still flash park along the side of Mabrak Hinawy street, opposite the builing is also evident.
GCI sheet roofing(rusty bacuse of aging)
Decorated fascia board
Balustrade support 100 by 75 mm wooden members
R.C structural concrete pillars supporting the roof above Door opening to the balcony with ventilation louvres to detail Wire mesh on balustrade-rusty and assumes a rustic surface finish Balustrades to detail Wooden cross beams Concrete beams
SKETCH OF THE FACADE
Full opening with metallic grills to detail

3.464
The Arab-Swahili door to detail The indian neo-classical door to detail Pilaster to detail
ELEVATION FACING MBARAK HINAWY STREET
FACADE STUDY OF HOUSE 6
PLANTER

Arched wooden frame with decorative motiffs
0.070 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.070
0.050
0.050
Decorative motiffs floral motiffs, photo illustrated Engravings Wooden door leafs with less decorative elements Wooden frame with decorative floral motiffs
LOCKING MECHANISM
0.050
0.170
0.540
0.140
0.580
0.170
0.050
INDIAN NEO-CLASSICAL DOOR Has little decoration on it with quite alot of geometric qualities
0.070
2.230
Concrete floral motiffs painted white

R 0.630 0.070
CONCRETE FLORAL MOTIFFS
Wooden frame plain with nodecorations
Door leafs patterned with regular square wooden panes 10mm radius nodes for fastening the wooden panes
FLORAL MOTIFFS ON THE ARAB-SWAHILI DOOR ARAB-SWAHILI DOOR Consist of a rope or chain motif running along the frame heavily carved lintel with abstract floral, geometric and linear patterns
0.070
0.020 0.050
0.180
0.070
0.180
0.020 0.050
0.050 0.020 0.120
0.180
0.070
0.180
0.070
0.070
2.230
LOCKING MECHANISM
R 0.680
0.160 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.040
Concrete floral motiff Concrete Swahili arch Capital of pilaster with a recessive pattern 75mm by 25mm wooden vertical members 10mm radius fastener cross metal plates Vertical grooves
PILASTERS Concrete pilasters placed on both sides of opening, decorated with grooves running vertical and recessions at capitals, and flanging bases, painted white
0.075 0.070 0.220 0.070 0.860 0.070 0.070 0.270
0.225
0.225
0.440
0.510
0.025
1.870
0.260
0.050
1.000
0.050
0.310
0.115
Base of Pilaster
Analysis Of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Kisima Cha Mandhry Mosque

Elevation facing Mbaraki Hinawy Street mouldings are done in plaster The water tank is a recent addition to the old well
Entrance to the well A cross section of the mould on the pediment texture on lime plaster shaped to mimic masonry keys
CONTEXTUAL, SPATIAL & FUNCTIONAL STUDIES Built sometimes after old Mandhry Mosque which was built in 1507. Exact date of construction is not known. The well was used for domestic water needs as well as for ablution purposes before entering the mosque. It is currently not in use. a recent water tank is found just near it The well is just ext to old Motco headquarters. The well was used for water provision although currently it is not into use. The structure houses the actual well so that water is still kept clean. Several water taps are also integrated into it from where water after being pumped and transferred to the tank can be transferred. The well was most important in old times, few wells still remain in od town Mombasa. Its positioning next to the Mosque defines the area even more as a public space where even women can meet to draw water as men walk to the mosque. However, the space is still constricted to form a good open space and an iron gate makes the space seem unfriendly for maximum social interaction. The space however is an important landmark in old town. ARCHITECTURAL Construction material is coral stone finished with coral lime plaster as in most old buildings in old town. It is painted white. The motifs and the decoration moulds are all done in plaster. The architectural style for the well that is very common in old town draws heavily from classical style with a motif of the corinthian classical order on one of the walls. The details of this motif incorporate leave materials and flower materials which is common in classical architecture and in Islamic architecture The architectural style: islamic architecture that makes use of the following aspects: 1. Arabesque: it is an artistic motif that is characterized by the application of repeating forms and fancifully combined patterns; these forms often echo those of plants and animals. Islamic art employs mathematical geometry as portrayed by these motifs that are abstracted. Examples: The column capital motifs on each side of the feature. 2. The hierachy from ground floor to upper floors is also well depicted where the columns of the ground floor have masonry depiction though done on plaster, and the top most level has the columns narrowing. this was also common in medieval architecture borrowing from clasical times. 3. Symmetry is also strong on this piece of art work. The careful detailing and rich decorations and motif work show the importance of the well not just as a water point but as an architectural defining structure. The building also shows signs of old age and lack of repair and dereliction. It is not being used for water purposes but still forms an important part of old architecture.
iron gate for the entrance
motif on one of the columns. notice the flower imagery so common in classical architecture
motif made of lime plaster mimicking a corinthian column
A flower depiction motif on the wall done in plaster
moulds are coming off due to lack of repair and attention.
The columns showing the vertical hierarchy from ground level to other levels
View of the well from Mandhry Mosque roof
Analysis Of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Former MOTCO Building

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES History: built in 1901 Formerly mombasa old town conservation office then meuseums of Kenya office. Currently:Ground floor is used for residential purposes. while the first floor is used for students accomodation. SPATIAL Geographic location/street geometry The building has a more private feeling as it is recessed off the main street. ARCHITECTURAL
Elevation as viewed from mbarak hinawy road
presence of a balcony still explains a merit along Mbarak Hinawy street where 230mm by 230mm. most of the buildings have balconies on the The block wall aids in frontage making balconies an architectural constant. The orientation of the balconies ventillation and lighting of the enables them to recieve breezes from the ocean. circulation area Soft landscaping-palm trees planted at the edge of the verandas. Terraces floor finished with red oxide. Provides views to the ocean and informal gathering spaces. Character of the building facade Building materials coral stone finished in white lime plaster. Height 950mm high parapet wall 8.25m The adjacent water storage is among the main vertical elements of this street. Flooring Window: made of white painted wooden frames Exterior-cement sand screed with glass panes that open outwards. Interior-terrazo
This block wall consists of Balconies hollow individual block units of
950mm high balcony wall
1800mm high security wall Door: made from white painted teak from Burma Soft landscaping: aids in cooling of the verrandah and also adds interest to the plain facade.
Analysis Of Mbarak Hinawy Road

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES
Building belongs to an Influential businessman of Arabian origin. -it is highly secured,complete With cctv monitoring, and stranger Access is highly restricted, starkly Contrasting to the easily accessible Neighboring buildings. It is a relatively recent Development standing on an Ancient site occupied by a Ruined building. 2000
ARCHITECTURAL
3000 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 2800 Finishes: plaster on masonry Colour: white washed walls Texture: smooth Materials: masonry, plaster
2000
100 100
100
1500
100 200 100
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150 100 900 100
700
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1500

CONTEXTUAL
crown curved out of existing walling
The house is the only house in the neioghbourhood to have a servant quarters.The house has a backyard that faces the ocean well landscaped. This area experiences a hot humid climate characterized by hot temperatures and high humidity main activities along this street are commercial on which occupies lower oors with residential on higher levels mandry mosque which is also part of the neighbourhood explains small levels of religious activities No change in clothing levels porches of shops and other buildings are minimally used during the day with minimum people coming out to enjoy the breeze , during the night this areas are used as meeting areas.
wooden panelled door to detail painted G.I sheet covering on wooden louvres
wooden louvres for ventilation fitted with mosquito netting in the inside
Building with 2-3 oors with ground oor occupied with commercial ac activitiesand upper levels and serving as residen residential, ground level 4metres highwith a canopy and upper level 3metres high.Width 15metres , makes ra of 1:2 with the height,the ra is widely used in composing ratio ratiois the facade giving the building a sense of human scale Plot dimensions dictate the kind of street thereof ,beacons dene street congura conguration Street orienta orientation dictate the entries to face mbarak hinawy street with openings to the street.
SPATIAL
painted round steel rod for burglar proofing on wooden jamb .
FLOORS
ARCHITECTURAL Ceramic
RATIONALE
Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh.
CEILING
FINISHES
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
100mm rwp pvc rainwater CANOPIES FLOORS drain pipe

CEILING
present on ground oor and the residen facing the street

Smooth paint whitewash
Colour Smooth with white lime and the higher walls plastered on 1st & 2nd Cream & green on the 1st and not easy to levels, i.e 2nd shops Use of the screed painted cream on areas with opening on the ground oor be explored maintain pvc could oor. and oor nished the ground respec Rough on withcement screed level upto about 900mm due to chapping and carefull selec of materials coral stone,lime and cement dierent surface vital. textures. Smooth White
COMMENTS
current the canopies not well ar crucial
LANDSCAPING greenries on the courtyard ,cabbro more greeneries could aide in LANDSCAPING paving on main public areas SOFT AND air circula ,present condi HARD of landscaping features not bollards on the main street dening Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehiculargood trac.Materials used are cabro porch
blockroad & lime plaster on steps. WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm NB:All windows are same in size. DOOR SIZE Height=approx. 2400mm Width=approx. 1800mm NB:All doors are double doors.
cantilevered balcony
hollow section bollard strengthened with concrete from the inside

wooden louvre on 70x 70 jamb
1,200 70 600 600 70 70 600
1,200
70 70 70 360 70 70
70
360
70
70 1,200
70
360
70
70
glazed casement window with burglar proofing on the inside
G.i sheets suspended on wood trussing

70
70
600
70
1,200
70
500
70
500
70
mosquito gauze on burglar proofed panel window
70
1,000
1,800
2,000
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Mubarak House

CONTEXTUAL/ FUNCTIONAL ISSUES
This building was developed in the early 90s and currently owned by a Doctor Zainab.The buliding has relied on the cultural aspect of the closeness and the sociability of the people by providing balconies in the apartment levels.In terms of appropriating the intricate carved doors and the masterfully done balustrades, this building lacks in this.The building has large windows positioned opposite one another allowing for cross ventilation and thus cools the apartment levels.The shops are too deep and thus employ mechanical ventilation to cool the shops.The building houses shops and the apartments .As the day gets hot, People start putting down their clothes, and open the windows as the day gets hotter.This is so that tyhe building can be cooled by the breeze from .the ocean
This mvule window has a horizontal concrete cantilever that acts as a sunshading device
1000mm high coral stone wall with a flat concrete roof 450mm wide concrete cantiliver acting as a sunshading device
SPATIAL
The facade facing the Mbarak Henawy Road stands out as a well maintained facade compared to the others that are growing with vegetation.The heights of the Ground floor are 5000mm, with the upper three floors spanning 4500mm high.The street creates a channeling effect which is demonstarted by the coolness of the street all the way from the open area around Fort Jesus..The building"s architect has built on the boundary spanning 14000mm.Worthy to note is that there is a cantilever that spans 3500mm but skewed at the corner.This area is outside the site.
External wall in coral rock ,coral rug fixed in lime mortar then painted in lime.The front facade is well maintained to prevent any growth of natural vegetation due to the rich nutrients in the coral material
ARCHITECTURAL
The surface finish is lime wash on all facade,The flooring on the outside is slate pieces whereas the shops are finished in non slip ceramic tiles.150mm thick coral stone are used in two adjacent layers giving a total of 300mm thick wall which is cladded in coral rug on lime mortar which is later given white lime wash.Concrete sunshaders which are finally roofed with portugease roofing tiles to prevent the effect of the salty water and the high humidity within the coastal region. concrete Canopies appear 'on the Ground floor at a hieight of 3500mm to cover the shoppers and the people walking along the streets..Landscaping features are non existent on this building as the architect has left no space in which softscape or hardscape can be placed.
900mm high precast concrete balustrades curved to Architect's details The arches enclose a social place in which members can catch the afternoon breeze as they chat.This resonates so well with the climate anld social setting of the coastal people

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building is used for fish preservation and is partially owned by the KPA. It is currently dilapidated both on the exterior and interior due to lack of maintenance
1.695
roof made from corrugated iron sheets
The building is for economic use: fish preservation SPATIAL height 8000mm width 17000mm ARCHITECTURAL
0.200
concrete ventilation (detail 1)

300 700 3.800
1,250
0.300
300mm wide lintel tile finish at the end
Walls are 300mm thick and made from coral walls are finshed in rough cast concrete or spatter dash. The building is generally plain with only one door and a few concrete ventilations.it has no shading devices or canopies There is an attempt to finish it in black ceramic tiles on one end The roof as of many other surrounding buildings is made from corrugated ironn sheets which is rusted and is in tatters at some points
3.300
3.500
metal sliding door with grills(detail 2)

0.700
600 550
street level building ground level
2,000 0.050 0.020 0.500 0.070 0.050 1,900 50

70mm iron frame 20mm p.v ventilation grills
0.025 1,200 1,150 0.025
0.200
25
concrete framing
2.000
620
iron mongery for locking type 1 permanent ventilation
0.070
0.075
1,500 0.300 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.075 0.300 0.300 300
0.075 0.375 50
1,800 75 50 50 375 375 375
620
0.050
Door (detail 2)
type 2(detail 2)
Windows
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Old Port & Fish Market

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The old port building is located next to the ocean and serves as a port for goods within the EAC communities. For over a thousand years ,Mombasa was one of the major ports of the triangular dhow trade of the Indian Ocean and Arabian gulf. When burton the explorer called here in 1859, he said there were hundreds of ships to be seen. In the 1940s, as many as 200 would still call, trafficking in passengers, carpets, mangrove poles and other wares making up a thriving coastal trade. The old port has almost fallen into disuse and handles mainly dhows and other small coastal trading vessels sailing into Zanzibar and north toSomalia. These days, only few ships use the old port because large vessels go to Kilindini, on the other side of the island, which is the most active international port on the eastern coast of Africa. Mombasa ports are not only the gateway to Kenya for international trade; it also supplies many hinterland states such as Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and the democratic republic of congo.
WINDOW DETAILS.
1,600 50 700 800 50 50 700 800 50 50 50 50 800 330 40 330 50 50 50 285 285
PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEW OF OLD PORT AND FISH MARKET FACADE.
50
700 800
50
50
700 800
50
1,600
W 1. It is made of a wooden frame and has wire mesh, no glass at all.

500 250 80 300 250 80 300
50
330 40 800
330 50
2,000
SPATIAL Height: The height of the building ranges from 3.5m to 9m high. The roof is pitched and there are gutters at the ends of the pitches for rainwater collection. Street geometry. The facade faces the government square. It has openings that are systematically placed. The windows are made of wood and the gate is made of metal bars. The main wooden panel door is made from teak. The facade is characterised by the colour blue which is painted on all frames and doors. Orientation. The street facing facade is oriented in the north south direction.
1,000
500
400
400
500
20
285
50
50
1,300
285 50 285 20 285 1,300 20
W 5. Glass Panel window with wooden frame two horizontal panels, four vertical Panels.
30 32 90
50
285
20
285
20
20
1,000
1,500
1,370
1,370
1,500
10 90 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 30 32
1,200
88
45 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 75 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 110
710
790
75
900
230 25
50 50 50 50 400 500 50 50
800
50 50
300
200
200
300
20
2,100
88
1,500
1,500
1,200
3,000
W 2. Window with woden shutters (22)t. The shutters are not closeable rather they are fixed.
600
50
800 900
50
2,025
2,025
20
50 50
500
50 50
W 6. Ventilation window, with wooden panel. Frames also made of wood.

500
380
50
500 600
50 30
90
10 90 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 30 1,000 2,000 1,000
W 3. Window with metal bars (9). The frame of the window is made of wood.
2,210 1,500 3,000 1,500
790
MATERIAL OF GATE. Metallic bars welded together, painted in Blue. Spikes at strategic areas of the gate for security.
WOODEN DOOR MATERIAL. The door is made of wood(teak) that is painted in blue. The door opens inward hence the absence of hinges on the exterior panel.
ARCHITECTURAL Exterior finishes. The building was built using lime and coral which has been painted in White with the exception of the window frames and doors which are Blue. Roof. The roof is a pitched roof which is blue in color. At the blank wall area, The roof is maroon in color. The roof is corrugated galvanized iron Sheets. It is a rather mordern inclusion in the old town, it was roofed Differently some time back. It is a rather mordern building that shifts from the norm of swahili Architecture in the old town area.
1,980
575
500
400
20
50
100 20
50
400
Wooden Door panel Detail 1:50.
Main Gate Detail. 1:50.

Face of person: Face of person carved out at top of arch. Probably has some historic significance. W 4. W 4. W 5.
W 5. W 2. W 1. W 2.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 3.
W 3.
W 3.
W 6.
W 6.
W 6.
1,980
640
2,100
50
50
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Former Post Office

CONTEXTUAL The houseis located at the furthest end of mbarak Hinawy road from the Fort. To the back is the government square.
ROOF LEVEL. DONE IN GIS ON TIMBER PURLINSHE GALVANISED IRON SHEETS ARE CORRODED
EXTERNAL STAIR TO THE RESIDENTIAL UNIT. IT IS DONE IN WOOD.
MOTIF CURVINGS DONE ON MVULE TIMBER APPLIED FOCIA BOARD FOR AESTHETICS
SPATIAL Unit Eight has a curio shop on the ground floor whose shop fronts the main street... The upper floors have residential units whose access is secluded from the public space, i.e the street for privacy of the residents.. ARCHITECTURAL
EXPOSSED WOOD FRRAMES: 50mmX100mm; TO FORM THE BARRIER ON THE BALCONY.
WOODEN FRAMED WINDOWS ON RESIDENTIAL UNITS
WALLS
AESTHETIC CURVINGS ON THE WOODEN SLAB OF THE RESIDENTIAL LEVEL
SURFACE FINISH CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Lime white wash. Ceramic tiles, wood Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wattle& blocks. Lime plaster used as f nish on brick facing. walls,Ceiling and Floors wood blocks, Ceramic tiles. Lime white wash. Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh.
FLOORS CEILING WALLS
Colour Texture Fairly Rough on the White except for the brick ground level upto about faced seat wall 900mm due to chapping and dierent surface textures.
METALLIC BARRIER ON THE WINDOW OF THE CURIOR SHOP. TO DETAIL.
EXISTING PLANTER TO THE ENTRANCE OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS
FLOORS CEILING
Smooth Smooth paint whitewash
Dark brown afor timber blocks White
STREET LEVEL.
LANDSCAPING Hard landscape is used along the main street due to high human and vehicular trac.Material used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. on the other hand plantings are used at the entrance to the residential units. DOOR SIZE WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm Height=approx. 2400mm NB:All windows are same in size. Width=approx. 1800mm except the ones on the shop front NB:All doors are double Height=approx. 2400mm doors. Width=approx. 1500mm SUNSHADING ELEMENTS Recessed window and door openings. Shade created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings and overhang of the balconies.
DOUBLE LEAF MVULE DOOR . THE MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE CURIOR SHOP.
750mm HIGH SEAT WALL ON THE MAIN STREET
OVERHEAD TELEPHONE LINES AND POWER CABLES...
MECHANICAL COOLING STSTEME APPLIED TO CONTROL THERMAL IMBALANCE OF THE INTERIORS
MAN HOLE INDICATES A SEWER LINE ON THE STREET.
THE FRONT FACADE OF THE STRUCTURE FONTS A NARROW STREET FOR BOTH PEDESTRIANS AND VEHICLES NOTE THE SEATWALL ON FRONTING THE STREET AND THE DECORATED WOODEN DOOR..
THE BALCONY FACES THE STREET AND ITS BUILT IN WOOD AND FOR SAFETY , A WOODEN RAILING IS USED .. THE STAIR IS OUTSIDE PERHAPS TO GIVES MORE ROOM FOR THE INTERIO.. NOTE THE PLANTINGS AT THE LANDING... THESE SOFTENS THE RATHER HARD MASSIVE STRUCTURE..
THE STRRET FORMS A THOROUGHFARE FOR OTHE FORMS OF INFRUSTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION ROUTES
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Former Post Office
100
IN50MM X50MM THICK WOOD FRAME
100
600
5MM THICK CLEAR GLASS
BEVELED WOODEN WINDOW SHUTTER

1000
5MM THICK CLEAR GLASS IN50MM X50MM THICK WOOD

800
3200
FRAME
MILDSTEEL METAL
2100
GRILL
80
500
80
500
80
50 MM THICK WOODEN WINDOW POLISHED TO APPROVAL

1500 10
SEAT WALL FINISHED IN POLISHED METAL GRILL. BRICK IN RED OCHRE
100
750
750 700 750 10 2010 100 1250
FIXED WOODEN PANEL TO

1000
SEAT WALL FINISHED IN POLISHED BRICK IN RED OCHRE
MIMIC GLASS ON THE WINDOW
2300
100
WIRE GAUZING TO KEEPOUT INSECTS WOODEN FINS ON 50 MM THICK WOODEN FINS ON WINDOWS WINDOW
1000
SHUTTERS
0.079
100
50
80
200
BOX COMPARTMENT ON WINDOW DETAIL FOR THEMAL CONTROL
200
50
850
WOODEN WINDOW
900
SHUTTER ON THE "BOX"
50
600 MM THICK CORAL

100 50 100 50 500 300
800
WALLING FINISHED IN WHITE CORAL WASH
50
450
50
10
10 125
660
10
660
600
660
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Old Town Boutique

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL
History The building is said to be about 350 years old. Its use has been residential for most of its life although now the lower level is used commercially. The initial resident is said to have been a powerful merchant. Dressing and clothing Is mostly traditional and consist of the following: The kanzu The kikoi The khanga The buibui Different types of veils i.e. the burku, the ukaya, the shiraa Materials used to make clothes tends to be lightweight and conduct heat away from the body.
SPATIAL
Building height approximately 10m high with two floors; ground floor approx 4m high first floor also approx 4m high. Roof seems to go up 2m. The building has a line of symmetry that bisects it in the middle. The lower floor serves as a commercial space, housing a boutique while the upper floor is residential. The residential level has two en suite rooms, a sitting room and a kitchen.
500mm
ARCHITECTURAL
Faade The main exterior wall finish is fair faced lime plaster over which paint has been applied. The windows on the ground level are mostly as they originally were with hardwood (Indian teak) frame and shutters. Ironmongery has been applied to deter thieves from the shop. It is replaced regularly due to rust. The iron sheet canopies are also a later addition and were designed and approved by MOTCO. They were put in place to keep rain out of the shop. The wooden shutters on the upper floor windows have been replaced by glass panes in aluminium louvre frames. Ferrous metal was avoided as it would rust. The balcony is a masterpiece. The balustrade is made of cast iron. Because of its weight wooden beams have been introduced across it to prevent its falling over. The balustrade is anchored on Indian teak columns. The floor of the balcony rests on cantilevered Indian teak beams. The upper surface of the balcony was originally finished in clay but due to water percolation this clay was replaced with concrete. Walls There are differing accounts regarding the construction of the walls but the most plausible suggests that the walls consist of a coral rag core covered with a thick plaster layer on both sides. The plaster is made from a mixture of coral lime, clay and coral dust. The walls themselves are between 500 and 550 mm thick and on the front and back facades there wall forms a bench at the base. The walls flare out at the bottom. According to one source, this was a measure employed to prevent water from seeping into the house. Roof According to a source, the roof was made of clay tile before the current concrete tile roof was installed.
Balcony Details: Sketches And Photograph

CONTEXTUAL The building is located on the west side of the government square and has its main facade facing the government square. The general orientation of the building is N.E and S.W. The main access for the building is through MBARAK HINAWY ROAD via the government square, but it can also be accessed through a narrow alleyway on the S.W of the building. The ground floor is used as a workshop and storage though its closed for most of the time with little activity going on. The building main facade opens to the government square. There is a mini-courtyard which well sheltered from the intense sun and is used for relaxing and also as a playground for the children in the evening. Men play draft at this courtyard. This space also act as parking for vehicles and a drop-off point. The first floor and the rear part of the building is used as residential and has its access at the rear end which opens to a narrow alleyway. SPATIAL The building height is averagely 8.5 m, with the ground floor going up to 3.5m and the first storey going up to 3.0 m. The roof extends to a height of 2.0 m The height of the ground floor is a response to the hot humid climate at the coast; to give enough headroom for natural cooling and ventilation. The ground floor is also used as a workshop thus the headroom. The first floor is residential and has its access towards the alleway on the S.W direction.
PERSPECTIVE OF THE BUILDING
FRONT ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING

MOTIF SHOWING RELIGIOUS CONATATION EXTRUDED PLASTER MOLDING NICHE, RECESSED AT 150MM INTRICATE CURVING ON DOOR FRAME
25 60 25 110.0 25 55 25 110.0 25 60 25 110.0 60.0 55 25 110.0 80.0 25
PROTRUDING WOOD SECTION METAL BITS FOR EMBELISHMENT MITRE JOINT USED TO JOIN THE WOOD PANELS
110.0 165.0
80.0 GLAZING
60.0 960 90 960 2,300
60.0
80.0
DOOR 1 ELEVATION SCALE 1:20
ARCHITECTURAL Minimal embelishment have been used to articulate the facades of this building as compared to its immediate neighbours. Most of the embelishment has been done on the doors, windows and the fascia board. Detailing of the doors vary greatly but with the main entrance door having more intricate embelishment compared to the other two. Solid timber panels were used to construct the doors. The windows were ROOF OVERHANG made from timber louvers tilted at an angle for privacy. Metal grills have CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS been used to secure the doors and the windows. There is some intricate curving on the wooden fascia boards FASCIA BOARD
GLAZING TIMBER LOUVERS TIMBER SHUTTER
TIMBER LOUVERS
SOLID PANELTIMBER SHUTTER
STREET LEVEL
WINDOW ELEVATION SCALE 1:20
BUILDING ELEVATION FROM THE GOVERNMENT SQUARE
Walls The major construction material used for the walls is coral rug finished with lime plaster which is then white washed. The thickness of the wall is averagely 500mm which is fairely thick enough for structural stability and also to offer high mass cooling. Roofing The roofing materila is basically iron shheets supported by wood purlins resting on wooden truss system. The slope of the roof is fairely gently enough to allow water to drain off. Floor finish The floor finish for the verandah is cement screed. The verandah is lifted off the main street level by 100 mm to keep off stormy water drainage

Contextual/functional issues Government square was one of the most public spaces because of its location adjacent to the old port .histiorically it has served as the center of business and commerce on mombasa for many years.in 1890 when the british arrived they set up most of their building shere because of the flourishing character of the port area ,therby giving the square its name. In the early 20th century government square continued to flourish as government and businesses were vwilling to move up to the interior of africa and carry on trade with the rest of the world .early photographs show the middle of the piled high goods ready for shipment or distribution around the town by mkokoteni,donkey camel. Spatial Spatial The building is 9m in height.each storey is 3.5m high the roof retains the 2m Remainder. The building has an orthogonal facade With vastly rectangular openings with Arches as finishes at the apex. The building consists of two major Function defined by the levels.the Lower floor consists of a workshop And mainly deals in restoration of old Artifacts and woodwork souvenirs. Architectural The main facade is comprised of coral and lime.white wash Applied as a surface finish. The fenestrations are framed by mahogany and Ironmongery for burglar proofing. Curved wooden balustrades on the railings located on The upper floor. Sunshading devices are the wooden louvered shutters Located on the exterior of the windows and opened Outwardly.
gci roofing sheets wooden shutters

3.000
900mm high wooden railing with decorative motifs

1.200 1.000 4.000
1.205
2.200
buttresses ironmongery buglar proofing
0.850
1.800 15.000
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Rasanis Arcade

CONTEXTUAL/ FUNCTIONAL The building was built in 1842 as the first bank in Mombasa;The Bank of England. Now owned by Syedna Mohammed (Burhanuddin Square). The ground floor is used as a jewellary store that stocks a wide range of precious and semiprecious stones. The first, second and third floors are residential spaces while the forth level is a roof terrace covered on one end.
1. Indoor: Social activities: >> Prayers done in individual prayer rooms of the residential space >> General family social activities like watching T.V, relaxing and general lounging Chores: >> Cooking in the kitchen >> General cleaning >> Laundry in the bath area 2. Balcony > Cloths hanging > Socializing when not in use as a cloths hanging space > Space to catch some air Social Activities: >> The alley adjascent to the development is used as a social gathering space especially for those playing draft. >> Pedestrian walking up and down the street usually in groups of 2 or 3 chatting on their way to town or from town >> Kids playing during the day 3. Outdoor(Road) Economic Activities: >> Narrow street is used to conduct small businesses including; butchery, eatery (vibandas) etc >> Tuk tuk business to and from town dropping people to their homes or to the old port and even to their respective work areas >> The government square is used as space for selling fish. Fish hawkers go round looking for customers for their fish. >> Car wash right adjacent to the main entrance to the old port.
REPAIRS
ALLEY FACADE
The attempt to introduce new support structure kills the architectural detail of the original design. Use of RHS steel bar inplace of curved timber is out of scale
SPATIAL Character Of Building Facades Height Ground floor height is 4.0m while first and second floor are 3.5m each in height. Street geometry The facade as a whole takes an orthogonal form that's been enhanced by the shape that the individual windows, and door openings. The two storm water drainage pipes that drain the roof terrace help enhance symmetry and balance on this front facade. On the ground level where we have the jeweler store, the symmetry created on the first and second floor facades is lost but balance is still maintained in the positioning of the shops main door and the windows which have been modified, artificial ventilation and burglar proofed for security. All doors ,windows and balconies directly facing the street have their different levels of privacy needed achieved by having a hierarchy of activities in order of privacy required. ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE FINISHES Smooth lime plaster painted white Interior stairs are made from Mangrove timber CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Walls: Coral rug stones finished with lime plaster Floors: Coral rug on boriti with Cement screed finish Roof: Flat roof and pitched mabati roof for part roof terrace
FRONT FACADE
LANDSCAPING FEATURES This is the only building on government square that has vegetation in form of shrubs as softlandscaping. The shrubs have a built in planter thats been finished in Mazeras stone creating interest. This stands out as a new addition done when the jewellary shop was being refurbished.
SIDE FACADE
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Residential Building No. 12

Alley separating building 12 and building 09. Children frequently play along the alley. -The building is situated on Mbarak Hinawy road, in between the Mosque and the Old Town Boutique. It has been oriented towards Corrugated iron sheet roof supported by a timber frame, with a 600mm the street, although the entrance is on the side, on the alley that is eave on side facing alley defined by the old town boutique. The building was built during the British reign in Kenya after they took over from the Portuguese. -It has been split into two buildings, with one side acting as a timber shutter windows, high level, furniture store, that part of the building has been labelled as provide privacy and ventilation building number 13 on the map. Building number 12 itself houses 3 Double leaf timber door. Secured with a double leaf 2mm steel families, and has been designed in a way as to ensure privacy for the occupants. bar door frame. The door opens as illustrated by the plan drawing. Timber panelled door ) :-The building has been constructed with coral stone. The windows are a mix of timber panels, timber louvres, glass louvres and panels. There are steel grills that have been put up on the ground floor windows and the main door. The building itself was designed with the entrances and exits on the alley side, instead of the main Mbarak Hinawy street which makes the building unique.
permanent ventilation shafts. This area was added after construction, it is basically a corrugated iron sheet roof, that covers the roof slab. The activities that go on within the thus defined space is mostly the drying of clothes.
Timber louvres. Whole window done with timber framing.
Stone architrave encasing the door. The daka on this door are on either side of the door, and perpendicular to the door plane.
-The building has 2 facades that are exposed to public view, I) The street facade (Mbarak Hinawy) ii) The Alley facade (Bordered by Old Town Boutique) -The construction materials include: I) Coral stone (exterior and interior walls) ii) Lime (mortar) iii) Lime (plaster) iv) Indian teak (Window frames) v) Steel grills (Window) vi) Corrugated Iron sheets (Roofing) -The street facade has been under maintained, as the vegetation growth indicates. And a unique feature that this side of the building has is that, it does not have an entrance or an exit directly onto the main street as is the case with most if not all of the other buildings that are on Mbarak Hinawy street. As a result there is little to no activity that occurs in front of the building, and the space has been used as a car park area. There is a storm water drainage channel that runs along the facade, it seems to be a constant feature in most of the buildings on the street. The windows do not adhere to any proportions and seem arbitrarily placed. They vary in heights and in widths. The alley facade however has some form of architectural merit, with the door being articulated with a well designed symmetrical architrave that spans around the door. The entrances have been placed, whether by design or default, on a side that is overlooked by the adjacent neighbouring building and hence some form of community policing takes place there.
Steel mesh covering (diamond)

D-02
FRONT ELEVATION OFF MBARAK HINAWY STREET

Louvred windows with steel bar grills. Concrete moulding.
SIDE ELEVATION OF BUILDING NUMBER 12, ALLEY SIDE

Timber panel window, with steel bar security grill.
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road:Building No. 13

10 000mm 9 550mm
13
Second Level
7 720mm
CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building houses a furniture shop that deals exclusively in swahili furniture. On the subsequent upper 2 oors it houses two residential units accessed through the alley with a staircase leading to the rst unit and another more private staircase leading to the second. The building is anked on one side by the mosque and the rest of the sides it is surrounded by residential blocks, that bring some activity, by the presence of children playing
SPATIAL
Having a footprint of about 105 sq.m the building has rooms avereging round 10 sq.m, based on the maximum length of the banaa(mangrove beams) which is a maximum of 3m. Therefore this is the module for the rooms, althought the extension at the top has some modern dimensions that are not based on the lenght of the mangroove poles. The buildings rst oor was repurposed to the shop and it maintained the original dimensions of the residential units upto the point of having the niches and archway leading from one room to another
First Level
3 750mm
Ground Level
540mm
SCALE 1:100
10 441mm
4 700mm
ARCHITECTURAL
The buildings structure is mainly of coral rag joined with crushed coralstone mixed with clay and sand mortar, making the walls quite thick averaging between 500-560mm thick. On the outside and in the inside the walls have been render in plaster that has been painted.The walls have been poorly mainted leading to the growth of plants ont he building. The oor slabs are made of coral rag and then a similar mortar used on the wall is poured and underneath the beams ae exposed. The exterior is very uneventful with mouldings going across the building indicating that it probably had some British inuence. The windows are mainly of louvred glass on a metal frame that is set into a wooden frame. It has 3 types of door. The Store front door is an intricately designed Lamu door, while the other one is a metal grille door and next to it as a panelled wooden door that is cogniscent to British inuence. The sunshading elements are made out of wrought timber poles (75mm x 75mm thick) and corrugated iron sheets that are poorly maintained. While the sun shader on the ground oor has a nicely decorated facia board with some persian inuence. The steps into the building have some really high risers averaging at about 220mm while the steps inside the building are 240mm high making them uncomfortable and hazardous to children.
ELEVATION ALONG ALLEY JOINING MBARAK HINAWY ROAD

560mm thick external coral wall that is plaster rendered Corrugated iron sheet sun shader supported by a wrought mber frame, poorly mainted
ELEVATION ALONG MBARAK HINAWY ROAD
Cement moulding suggesng that the building was of a later period, maybe built during the Brish colonial era.
Banaa
Metal frame, glass louvred windows, in 75mm x 50mm wooden frame
Sun-shading device decorated with Islamic (persian) facia board
Intricately designed Swahilli door made of Indian teak has been protected from vandalism by using a metal door.
75 by 25mm transform frame
SECTION THROUGH FRONT WALL OF BUILDING 12
DETAIL OF THE DOOR

SCALE 1:20
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Mandhry Mosque

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL Mandhry mosque is a 16th century mosque reputed to be the oldest mosque in use in the old town area. It is a well maintained two-storey building constructed in coral rubble finished with lime plaster. Originally, the mosque was only one level. Pressure from population growth and the need to have Madrassa" and prayer space for ladies necessitated an additional storey in 1988 and again in 1992. SPATIAL. Building Facades : Heights : Street Geometry - Longest facade faces the street. : Dimensions - The striking minaret is approx. 4.5m tall. - The buildings length[front facade] facing the street is twice its height. : Orientation - The mosque has a N-S orientation[longest facade]. ARCHITECTURAL. : Fenestrations - All openings are 1250mm above the ground. - They have a common ratio. Window height = twice the width. - All windows are recessed by 200mm into the 600mm thick walls. Construction Materials : Coral rubble[rag] - a rubbly limestone composed of antient coral[local building material] reef material. Surface Finishes : Lime plaster. Sun-shading Elements : None. Canopies : None. Landscaping Features : None.
Hand carved swahili motif above the door.
Swahili arch.
The motif is repeated to create a pattern.
Swahili wooden door[probably teak].Old entrance.No longer in use.
Door details. Image of Mandhry mosque.
Picturesque minaret. Speakers.
Picturesque minaret. Speakers.
4,500
Air vents.
Air vents.
400mm parapet wall.
1,965
Islamic arched door.
1,700 50
700
1,500
1,150
700
1,150
1,350
1,150
700
Steel grills
2,785
2,485
50
1,800
50
1,050 1,150
50 1,250
Floor finish level. Approx. ground level.
150
1,900
150
10,910
View from Mbarak Hinaway road.
View from path to the rear entrance.
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Mandhry Mosque
arches are reccessed by 300mm to the inside with coral rubble as walling materail finished with plastered lime
75mm teak wood slate intended to demarcate lower and upper part of the structure and also intended for aesthethic purposes
1350 75
200 1,050 25
1000
200
coral rubble wall finished with plastered lime
900
800 800
200
300
250
100
250
100 600
400
coral rubble wall finished with plastered lime
90
Image of Mandhry mosque Interior.

300 250 100 250 100
600
600mm high skirting cantilevering by 400mm to the outside for the purpose of resting the quran during recitation
quran holder which is reccessed by 200m which is flush with the wall
teak wood casement windows.both leafs open to the inside
These archs are communicating a transition of space from the prayer room into the courtyard.normally open voids are left but due to the influence of islamic architecture arches are treated with small minarettes at the summit of the arch
Image of old entrance.
870 1,370
75 500
600 3,000
Arch thickness 600mm Columns are cladded with cornice moulding intended for ornamentation purposes
85
400 750 910
85
25
85 85
500
1000 75 600 75
600 50 725
200 90
3,000
Image of Mandhry mosque Interior Court Yard.
75
400
600mmx600mm coral stone butresses plastered with lime
1,200 75
arched lintel carved with rossetes of the lotus flower
200 25 200 200
200 25 200 75
Minaret.
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Sir Alis House

45 10
100
50
The building initially belonged to Sir Ali, a famous Swahili leader in the Slave trade era. The house and the adjoining one were bought from him by Mr. Ali Samir Walif, a famous medicine man and a prophet. Who lived there with his extended family. The ground oor houses Gallery Sana while the rst and second oor are residential spaces currently occupied by Mr.Walifs grandchildren and their wives.
SPATIAL
ELEVATION CROSS SECTION 1. Indoor-Prayers done in individual prayer rooms of the residential space,General family social activities like watching T.V, relaxing and general lounging,Gallery Sana used as an exhibition space. 2. Balcony- Cloths hanging,Socializing when not in use as a cloths hanging space CHARACTER OF BUILDING FACADES From the street only the sana gallery can be accessed ,the entry to the top levels which is the residential part is at the back of the building. Height The ground oor is raised 600mm from street level by three steps 170mm,200mm and 230mm respectively Ground oor height is 3.5m while rst and second oor are 3m each in height.
BALCONY There is only one balcony on second floor that faces the street. Its balustrades have been curved out of wood mimicking a Swahili motif one that several buildings on the street have for the balustrades. The balcony is used as space to hang clothes to dry and also space to catch some air and socialize. 1st floor windows
ARCHITECTURAL
DOOR The main entrance to gallery Sana on ground oor is an Indian neo-classical door thats arched at the top and has comparatively light decoration and moldings as the other doors in the neighborhood. The top resembles a fanlight made of wood while the door itself is simple paneled wood with glazed area thats been burglar proofed for security reasons. The door has been enhanced by pilasters arched at the top and detailed to arched the entrance. MOULDINGS The ground oor and rst oor are separated with mouldings
WINDOWS Second floor: The windows are recessed off the street as there is a balcony but are Wooden windows divided into halves with the upper half having glass panes and the lower half with wooden panels. First floor: - Wooden windows divided into halves with the upper halve having glass panes and the lower half. Ground floor: Glass windows with a wooden frame and steel burglar proofing. Each window has been enhanced by pilasters arched at the top and detailed to resemble the doors arches this helps create balance on the facade. .Permanent Openings to the stairwell 1st floor opening to the stairwell decorated with steel grills forming a beautiful pattern 2nd floor is a opening with concrete decorations inspired from a circle motifs
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Sir Alis House
glass panes
concrete moused to decorate top 2openings lighof stairwell
1st oor windows They are 1 by 2m high divided into 2.The bo part is made of two wooden panels while the top part is made of two panels each made up of three glass panes on wooden frames.
1100
100
steel grills used to decorate the 1st oor opening

2000
2400
round steel bars at steel bars
400 100 250 300 1000 100 100 100 50 100 100 50 150 50 50
2000
1200
300
900
2400
100
2400
100
2400
100
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Mrs. Ramzans House

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL The building is located along Mbarak Henawy road with a feeder road passing on one side and thus access to the building can be either from the ocean front or the street. SPATIAL The building is a three-storey on one side and two storey on the other.This makes it a unique residential building as there are not many builings in the street that have incorporated both two storey and three storey.The floor heights are 5000mm on ground,4000mm on the other two floors with the roof being a 1000mm high. ARCHITECTURAL Surfaces Finishes Foundation-rough finish and painted red and has a glossy finish. Wall-is a smooth plastered finish and painted to a matt finish.colour is cream or off-white. construction materials-the main building materials are coral stone for the walls and lime with timber being used for the mouldings and brackets.In this building 150x150mm ceramic tiles have been used as sills on the windows. doors-are approximately 1400mm wide by 2400mm minimum in height. The material used is mainly metal on the bottom side and grills on the upper side. windowsThe materials used on the windows are;grills on ground floor,with wooden windows being used on the first floor and louvres at the top. are mostly 1200mm width by 1800mm height. decorative features-the decorations used on this building can be seen on the doors and wall brackets. sun-shading materials-on this building the sun-shading includes the use of a balcony.horiz Recessed window and door openings by approximately 200mm. Shade is also created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings which is enhanced by the narrowness of the street. Balcony facing the street provides shade,ensuring that the air into the building is cool and creates a domestic outdoor space. There is presence of well constructed sunshades and manmade canopies which are later additions. landscape features-because of the location of the building on a busy street, landscape features are not possible.The only landscaping is in the use of hard paving (cabro) on the road. CLOTHING LEVELS The clothing levels at this area do not differ as much from daytime to evening and night.What was observed is that the men are mainly in shorts,vest and sandals while the women are mainly clothed in their full islamic cloths that includes a veil,"buibui" and stockings in sandals.
projecting balcony of 1200mm width.
wooden decorative brackets used.
horizontal conrete projections that provide sun-shading.
projecting balcony of 1200mm width.
wooden decorative brackets used.
1200 75 1000
lime plaster applied till smooth and finoshed in an off-white paint.
wall bracket
foundation finished in rough plaster and glossy paint.
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Mrs. Ramzans House

300 200
concrete projection that acts as the sun-shading device
roof made of corrugated iron sheets.
250
wooden brackets supporting the projection.
horizontal projections that act like sun-shading and are made of concrete. wooden window with panes on lower level and glass on the upper levels.
mouldings.
wooden panel door. grills. wooden internal door.
2800
2100
2100
cabro used for the road.
parallel parking used on storm-water one side of Mbarak drainage. Henawy road.
wooden panel door on the outside with two other layers one of grills and the other of a wooden door.
metal door with a wooden door inside.
the windows have a mesh followed by grills and the a wooden panel window on the inside.
1400
1300
1300
wooden mouldings
main entrance to ground floor.
sun-shading with wooden brackets.
circulation to other floors.
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Africa Hotel

CONTEXTUAL
Historical & Cultural background. Africa Hotel was opened in 1901 as one of the f irst three hotels in Mombasa besides The Grand and Cecil hotels. It was initially a 12 bedroomed apartment overlooking the ocean before later buildings came up. Later bought by Souza Junior and D who converted it into a grocery and a tailoring business. The building is currently fully residential.It is a three storey building with balconies on the top two f oors overlooking the street.
SPATIAL
Africa Hotel has no courtyard so most outdoor acvies occur on balconies on the top two levels or on the back alley. Car parking is done on the street below the balcony which exte 1.2metres from the external wall. Total building height is 12 metres; First f loor - 5metres Second f loor- 4metres Third Floor - 3metres
Mabati roofing Geometric motifs

1.200 0.330 0.500
The wooden balcony is painted green in colour and extends to the street. It is flanked on both sides by other buildings with no side alleys.
ARCHITECTURAL
Geometric designs on the balcony Finely curved wooden brackets supporting the Balcony. Rounded iron bars (diameter - 24mm)
1.500
Balcony- Curved wooden balcony extending 1.2 metres into the street. First f oor balcony is open with geometric designed mofs below the railing while the top f oor balcony is closed with wooden shu ers (later changed to the current wooden frame glazed windows) for the more private external activities. - The balcony is completely covered by the roof. It is supported by f nely curved brackets. - It is supported by f nely curved wooden brackets. Roof: - Pitched roof with corrugated iron sheets on wooden rafters Walls:- coral stone with lime mortar and a smooth lime plaster on the surface. It is white washed corresponding to the conservation theme of the Old Town buildings. Landscaping:- Hardscaped surfaces.Cement plastered steps lead to Cabbro blocked alleyway.
0.750
0.750
2.100
Heart motifs similar to those on the balcony
1.080
0.745
0.900
2.000
3.000
2.100
0.750
Double leafed panel door
2,000
750
white washed lime plaster 15mm Iron bars on the fenestration
Detail: Wooden Bracket - the brackets reveal an Indian influence in the use of vegetal designs. The brackets support the balcony as well aesthetically enhance the building
3,000
Iron hinge
200
Iron mongery lock
80 50
520
Door panel
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Swahili Cultural Centre

1.100
CONTEXTUAL -The building is located along Mbarak Hinawy street, adjacent to the historic Africa hotel. -It is a three level building, with rst oor 5000mm from ground oor. -upper oors were once residential but now seem lourvers unoccupied due to interior renovations of the ground oor. SPATIAL -The ground oor is raised about 1m from the street level, with concrete steps leading to the carved door.
1.500
2.400
0.900 1.300 0.700
DOOR 1F
metal rods 1F
-The rst two steps are extended the whole length of the facade to provide for additional seat space, facing the street. -The door organizes the building symmetrically except for the upper oors which have posts asymmetrical due to added reinforcement. -From an aerial view, the form of the building is cuboidal with the shorter sides being the front and back facades.
2.150
WINDOW 1F
BALCONY
2F
ARCHITECTURAL -The main prominent feature on the front facade is the intricately carved Swahili door, made of routed hardwood and brass knockers, which have been removed temporarily due to ongoing renova -The balconies are made of reinforced concrete slab, that support the hardwood balustrades and posts. -The windows are panelled and lourved with metal rods added for security on the ground oor. -Services to the building are restricted to the back facade, thus preserving aesthetic of the front facade.
3.000
1.100
DOOR GF
4.000 1.100 5.000
1.170
1F
1.570
1F
GF
WINDOW GF
FRONT FACADE SIDE
1.150
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Husseini Manzil Building

The Husseini Manzil building is no. 6 on our reference map of Old Town,Mombasa. It is located on Mbarak Hinawy Street and houses two large curio shops as well as residential units on the f oors above.It is a fairly new building in the old town context as it is less than fft y years old. Locals say that it belonged to a family of Arab descent though there are predominantly elements of Indian origin seen in the details of the house. These include the Ornamentation on the balustrade on the second f oor balcony, the plasterwork detail as well as signage at the top of the building.
The shops on the ground f oor are both curio shops that have a sta of 23 people and a number of clients streaming in from time to time. The wares have been displayed on dierent units throughout the shops and even outside on the area around the doors. As the narrow street is primarily pedestrian with light vehicular trac, the shop attendants usually sit across the street & socialize with other vendors and passers by as they await customers. In this se the ng, street is a social space and in a sense an empirical extension of the bounds of the building. There are little signs of activity in the upper f oors of the building as it is believed that the previous occupants who also happen to be the owners relocated to another country.
SPATIAL
The ground f oor has two shops, while the upper f oors house a number of apartments The shops doors open directly from the street with two steps and an overhead g.i canopy that acts as a transition. The height of the ground f oor is notably greater than that of the ones above; an attribute that is related to the commercial nature of the space. The shopfronts make up a major part of the facade design and in a broader perspective the street character . This is seen more clearly when one studies the patterns and consistencies between this and adjacent buildings.
Although this building is in the Swahili architecture context, there are elements of Indian origin seen in the details of the house. These include the Ornamentation on the balustrade on the second f oor balcony, the plasterwork detail as well as signage at the top of the building.
ARCHITECTURAL
The building is considerably smaller than many in the area with a distinct contrast between the commercial ground level which runs f ush with the street and the residential upper f oors that are recessed by approximately 3.5 meters; an indication of the public and private natures respectively. Finishes The wall render is lime plaster which features certain patterns in some areas such as the balconies and openings. The walls are painted with emulsion which is in dire need of a fresh coat thanks to the humid conditions in the area that have caused some discoloration. The balconies These serve well for sunshading as well as leisure apace. They are 1500mm deep and have a 700mm high dwarf wall with a 2 inch circular section hand rail at the top.. Fenestrations The windows are rectangular in shape with an exception of the small circular windows on the front wall that encloses the stairwell. On the front, there are 1500X900 windows with a sill height 850mm above the story levels. They are steel casement windows with four horizontal divisions (375 mm each) The uppermost part has two top hung windows while the rest make up another two swinging windows. The lower part on the other hand is made up of two equa sized side hung steel casement swinging windows. They are burglar proofed using wire A straight Swahili door is seen throughout the building with those on the shop fro being 1500X1800 double doors. mesh. A g.i canopy is present on all external door in the building to shield o sharp glare from the inside.
1,150
1,300
3,000
1,900
3,000
800
1,350
The front facade facing Mbarak Hinawy Street
Awning/canopy above the shop entrance. Material: Galvanized Iron sheet with 2'X1' timber 45 trussing.
The sill heights are 800mm

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES History The building was put up in the year 1918 since the original owner was an arab descent,the building lacks balconies. Human activities the ground floor houses one retail shop and a storage area.the upper floor is a self contained residential unit. SPATIAL The building is a two storey building located along the mbarak hinawy road. The ground floor is 5m high while the second one is 3m high. Therefore the total building height is 8m the street facing the steet is oriented eastwest ARCHITECTURAL Roof The roof is pitched It is made of corrugated iron sheets(mabati) Wall The walls are 600mm thick Made of mud then given a thin lime plaster Finish then painted. Windows The steet facing facade has two windows which Posses a typical swahili arch. They are made of metal painted yellow and are Characterized by a number of steel bars and wire Mesh at their exterior. The upper floor has three rectangular windows. These upper windows are made of timber. Door The front facade has one door which is arched The outer one is a metal burglar proof door while The inner one is timber made. Sunshading The openings are recessed by 150mm The roof has a large eave which aids in Shielding th building from direct sun`s Rays.

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES
SPATIAL
ARCHITECTURAL
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Jimmys Bazaar

CONTEXTUAL AND SPATIAL Building is currently used as a residential building with ground floor frontage used for shops.It's three storey with the ground floor height of 4800m hence the entire building is approximately 12500m. Balcony the main element on the facade, found on 1st and 2nd floors. They forms canopy over entrance, reducing the space to a human scale. Decorative motifs on the balcony and fascia, coupled with the large wooden door and windows give the faade a Swahili character. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS Decorative elements Apart from their functional roles, three elements on balconies have taken up an importantdecorative role. The supporting brackets, balustrades and fascia boards on the roof canopy above. These elements, are made of wood, ornately carved with different motifs, adding to thebalconys artistic value. Balustrades are made of geometric wood, also formed into decorative motifs.
Balcony The structure of the balcony consists of rectangular profile timber beams and columns, supported at the bottom by wooden brackets also carved out to form a decorative feature Balustrade The balustrades are made from wood and molded to from alternating square motifs, which is the constant repeated in the building, Doors and Windows Curved wooden doors on the upper floorsSteel doors on the ground floor ( later additions for security purposes to the curio shops) All doors on the upperfloors have arches above them, they open ouward to the balcony.
Polished wooden curved windows with g;lass panes and brass stoppers. All arch top windows havearchs above them.They are also recessedclose to 150mm.
DOORS
DIFFERENT WINDOW TYPES
Fig 1.1 Front facade facing Mbarak Hinway street.
Fig 1.2 Building canopy that shades the street and its character Decorative freizes wooden balcony open with geometric design Fine steel brackets supports the balcony. Curved wooden facial board for decoration Fine carved wooden brackets to support the balcony Steel door
scale 1:200 scale 1:100
Brackets
DOORS
Iron rod security grills with wooden window on the sides. Balcony
Balcony support
Balustrade
scale 1:100
Fig 1.3 Illustrates the balcony and its detail
scale 1:100
scale 1:100
DIFFERENT DOORS TYPES
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Alis Curio Market

CONTEXTUAL
Wall of Quarry stones , 200mm thick; A recent alteration to the structure that is yet to be completed.
This building is located on Mbarak Hinway road immediately behind the Forex Buraeu directly opposite the entrance to Fort Jesus. This structure was built in 1898 during British Colonial rule.
SPATIAL It was initially was the f rst police station in Mombasa. Its use was then changed and it became the Nazareth bar and finally became a curio shop. The building is currently not in use and has been overrun by plants that have set root in the walls due to neglect.
Balcony The building once had a triangular balcony siliar to the porch beneath it. The balcony helped create shade allowing cool fresh air to enter the it. Steel I section supports for destroyed balcony on West facing facade Doors Intricately decorated arches over the doors, door frames and architraves. Motifs are of plant vines, leaves or f owers.
ARCHITECTURAL
WALLS
Coral stone upto 600700mm thick bound with lime and earth mortar. Walls are plastered smooth and painted except for the top f oor which is still under construction. The building has intricately decorated arches over the doors and architraves. the doors are carved from indian teak, motifs are engraved into the framework, and in the panels. The door's nobs are made from brass, Brass studs area also arranged along the height of the door.
DOOR SIZE
DOORS
250x250mm Wooden ornate column supports for the balcony with beautifully carved capitals. Remnants of Staircase leading to balcony from front porch
Type 1: 2400mm by 1800mm, Double folding doors Type 2; 2400mm by 1400mm, Double door Type 3; 2400mm by 950mm, single leaf door on Balcony
WINDOW SIZE
This Building has a unique traingular front porch that takes the prof le of the site bordering the street.
WINDOWS
All are made from wood, have arches above them and some have 20mm diameter steel rods spaced at 80mm centre to centre to act as burglar proof ng. Currently there is no roof and top f oor is open to the sky. The f oors are of lime screed Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular trac. Tarmac and cabro blocks are the landscaping materials that have been used. Recessed window and door openings by 150mm. Prior to the balcony's destruction, it provided shade that that helped cool air before it entered the building.
Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm NB:All windows are same in size.
ROOF
FLOOR LANDSCAPING
SUNSHADING ELEMENTS
Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Fort Jesus Forex Bureau

cannopy over the openings
CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL As can be seen from the photos, the building is located in an island along Nkurumah rd Ndia Kuu and Barak Hinawy streets its location is within the mombasa town conservation area. the building houses a forex bureau idealy to capture the minds of the tourists who frequent the great fort. the building is gentle in scale probably due to the nature of use.
raised backdoor ceramic tiles
SPATIAL FEATURES the building is measures 10mx17m making it an almost square in shape. this gives it a shape that is almost the architecture of the Old town. the building however has a roof that leaves very little to admire compared to the Old town but for a few buildings like the one directly behind it. square grilled it fairly responds to the street Geometry in that it is recessed from the window to the three streets that defines it. it fails to respond to the monument at the junction as it has a perfect shape compared to the monument
vault
wood truss to detail 2 landscaped area brick sill
cannopy over the openings
main external door to detail 1
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES Though non conforming with regards to the old town architecture, the bureau tries to mimic it by having a white surface finish to its plaster applied onto the thick masonry walls. the careful choice of window types depicts a secure mood and still maintains the vernacular. in terms of height, the building fails in every way as its scale fails to meet that of the rest of the buildings. the doors are mainly grilled to feature the secure nature of the building that it contains. there is a great effort to make the building corespond to the neighbourhood but to the best of the analysis, the building fails to capture the mood of the site
152
black painted wrought iron square bar
door grill detail
1, 17 5
1,700
elevation of the bureau From FORT JESUS
metalic grilled door with a hardwood interior door
eave detail
Analysis of Cathedral Road: The Cathedral

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The memorial cathedral was laid by Sir Charles Eliot M.C.M.C.C.B on July 3rd 1903 A.D and restored during the year of its jubilee in May 1955, was further rededicated after renovation by the retired Reverend C.D Nzano Bishop Of Mombasa on 3rd march 1991 then dedicated to the Glory Of God in December 1994 by the Archbishop Of Canterbury, Reverend Doctor George Leornard Carey to mark the 150th year anniversary of Christianity in Kenya (1844-1994) Serves both as a place of worship ( on Sundays ) and an administration area ( during the weekdays) it enabled viewing of the ships at the dock from the roof top SPATIAL The building is one storey with an approximate height of 15 m ,hence the effects of the heights is felt in the interior the differences. The heights bring about the feeling of holiness, hence the play of heights from the entrance porch through the isle up to the altar accentuate the hierarchy of the different sections of the church. The fact that the building has no sun path orientation the effect of the fenestrations is felt more in the interior spaces hence the building which is well designed by the play of the window heights and width allowing the use of window louvres for the control of the sun effect . ARCHITECTURAL The dais is made of pure marble stone and has intricate carvings on it. It is cream in colour. The staircase leading up to the dais is made of timber and similar to the dais has intricate decorative carvings on it. The provost stands on the dais to give his sermon during the services both of these features are well maintained Interior Partition The partitions within the cathedral hall are made of timber. they were not there during the inception of the cathedral but were later installed during renovations to make distinct niches within the church. The partitions also have intricate decorative carvings on them Balustrade The balustrade marks a transition from the congregation part of the church into the clergy part. it was installed during renovations the railing is made of brass while the grills are made of iron metal. Finishes The entrance steps are made of precast concrete slabs the floor at the entrance is made of cement with tiles laid in various patterns as well as on the border the ceiling at the entrance is made of reinforced concrete and is painted white Doors within the interior are made of wood and have different carvings within them for aesthetic purposes the door handles are made of brass The organ within the cathedral has been there since its inception and is frequently maintained hence its attractive appearance.
New town, mombasa junction of Cathedral road and Nkrumah road
Elevetational facade view facing NKURMAH ROAD
Fig 01: facade view of the building from both cathedral and nkrumah road
Elevetational facade view from the back
Elevetational facade view facing cathedral ROAD
INTERIOR FINISHES ( ARCHTECTURAL PRINCIPLES/ ELEMENTS USED)
Analysis of Cathedral Road: Apartment Block

SPATIAL The apartment block is the most recent development in this area built using the modern style as opposed to its immediate neighbours which were built using the contemporary building typology. The site is located along the cathedral road. The site can be accessed from either the cathedral road or mvita road. The immediate neighbours for the apartment block include a hotel on the opposite site of the road and a 2 storey flat which houses residential units. Towards Nkrumah Road to the right of cathedral road is an ancient Anglican church. Unlike the buildings analysed in the old town most of the buildings along the cathedral road were built using the modern style. The streets are much wide and are quit geometric and regular as opposed to the narrow irregular alleways in the old town. Cathedral road has mixed type of developmwents, both commercial and residential units can be found here. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS BALCONIES Two typologies have been used in the construction of the building; the rounded and square balcony. The rectangular balconies are located above the windows and not accessible but act as sun-shading elements and also to prevent rain water from getting into the building. Balconies form an important part in defining the facades for the building. The balconies are secured using round section steel balustered patterned in diagonal patterns. The safety railing is about 900mm high. Potted plants are placed on the edge of the balconies which create a micro-climate. Movable seats are placed on the balconies where the users can relax. LANDSCAPING ELEMENTS The site boundary is defined by a 3 m high masonry wall fencing with a razor electic wire on top. The site is accessed through two gates; one along Mvita Road and the other on Cathedral Road. The gate on Mvita road is rarely used. The gate on Cathedral Road is 4.5 M wide and 2.5 high and is made from cast iron. Security lights were placed on the columns supporting the masonry wall. SURFACE FINISHES The walls have been finished using cement plaster and paint. on the lift section the designer used brick facing. The gate has been finished using anodised aluminium. For the ground floor which is used for parking is finished with gabro paving units has been used. The masonry wall was finished using cement plaster. SERVICES; The building is serviced using a lift and a stair case which form the major vertical circulation shaft. There is also a back-up power generator at the ground floor to suppliment KPLC power supply. Also at the ground floor is a reservoire water tank and a water pump to suppliment the council water supply. Stormy water drainage channels are located next to the main street, cathedral road. Garbage bins are also located at the ground floor.
Building elevation from Mvita Road
White render on th slab defining the balc Ex 1200mm * 1500m casement sliding wind
900mm high stainles balustrade balcony. 600mm high box shad ex 3600mm * 2000mm aluminium casement s Ex 1200mm * 1500 casement sliding wind at the
Balcony detail
Car park at the ground floor of the building
Analysis of Cathedral Road: Apartment Block
682.1 700.7
1,800.0
917.9
3,700.0
1,217.9
1,800.0
382.1
2,600.0
382.1
1,800.0
1,217.9
3,700.0
917.9
1,800.0
682.1
600.0
600mm high box shading device
600.0
2,400.0
2,400.0
Ex
1200mm
1500mm aluminium casement window. 3700mm wide fully glazed aluminium sliding sliding
600.0
2,400.0
600.0
casement door
2,400.0
900mm high stainless steel grille balustrade at the curvilinear balcony.
2,563.8
600.0
Brick
600.0
clad
central
circulation spine Exposed column
3,000.0
from ground level to allow for parking.
Detailed elevation from Cathedral road
Analysis of Mbarak Cathedral Road: The Lotus Hotel

CONTEXTUAL Lotus hotel. This development is situated along cathedral road at the far junction from the cathedral. It is is flanked by residential apartments on the opposite side of the road, a mansion on it southern facade and a road on the northen end.. SPATIAL The development houses a restaurant cum hotel. it offers conference facilities and accommodation on the opper level. it encloses a courtyard which also forms part of the seatind areas
Cement Plaster. Ceramic tiles,. Lime plaster, burnt bricks used as f nish on walls
rc slab on the roof line
aluminium casement window on upper loor
ad in junction th cathederal brick facing on facades
planter to detail 01 steps along the street level to the entrance wood casement window
FLOORS CEILING WALLS
Cement plaster, wood blocks Lime white wash.
Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh.
lime washed surface
articulated columns with motifs at the entrance
Colour Texture plastered and painted to White except for the brick a smooth f nish faced seat wall
ARCHITECTURAL
FLOORS CEILING Smooth Smooth paint whitewash Dark brown afor timber blocks White
crete line
LANDSCAPING
cabro pavings on the adjuscent road
light ixture refer to detail 02
Hard landscape is used along the main street due to high human and vehicular trac.Material used are cabro blockroad. The seat wall is faced in burnt bricks. planting is also introduced. WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx.1800mm DOOR SIZE Height=approx. 2400mm Width=approx. 1800mm
LANDSCAPING detail 02
seat wall refer to detail 01 planter to detail 01

LANDSCAPING detail 01
0.300 0.05
brick facing on the seat wall
SUNSHADING ELEMENTS Recessed window and door openings. on the glazed surfaces, curtains are introduced
aluminium pole with medium bronze base plate

0.450 0.750
0.600 0.100
0.230
0.600
COMPACTED GRAVEL
PLANTERS
street light to compacted gravel detail 02
200X200mm copper grounded reinforced N.T.S concrete

0.600
Analysis of Mbarak Cathedral Road: The Lotus Hotel
PART PLAN OF THE UNIT WINDOW
0.050
0.650
0.500
0.200
0.200
CAPITAL
0.900
REBATE
0.300
LINTEL
TRANSOM 75X65MM
STILE
1.800
200X200MM RECESSED NON STRUCTURAL DECORATIVE COLUMN
0.115 0.200 0.040 0.450 1.800
BOTTOM RAIL 44X55MM
ELEVATION THROUGH THE UNIT WINDOW
Analysis of Cathedral Road: The Cathedral

CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building fronts Cathedral raod and is largely modern with security as a major concern, as a result of metal grills, electric fence and large metal gate which is actually locked. The builiding is offset from the road 3.5 m and in line with the street scape by following the building line. SPATIAL The building has two floors including ground floor and is of residential use. The height of the building is 6.5 m with ground floor height of 3m high and a fence of 2.5 m high. ARCHITECTURAL The buiding is largely contemporary with use of concrete plaster, galzed windows and steel casements. The grills are of steel, wooden doors , concrete floor surfaces and GCI roofing
earth pedestrian passage
Elevaon from Cathedral road
The surface finishes include plastered concrete surfaces, white cream, brown and grey painted steel surfaces, concrete finish floor surfaces There is attempt at landscaping at the front yard and space facing cathedral road.Flowers, shrubs and climbers have been planted on Natural soil. The verandah is paved and the gate is steel with a security fence made of masonry base and steel grills sharp pointed at the top edges. The locking mechanism is relative lock relying on parallelism of the adjacent leafs. Rc concrete columns are also evident at both sides of the gate for structural support.
security seems to be the main issue in the urban / new town, presence of metal and electric fence on all the sides is an evidence to this
View from Cathedral road
Analysis of Cathedral Road: Khadiboy Building

R.c coping. Steel casement window. R.c coping. Steel casement window.
1,865
Metal grille on balcony area.

3,000
CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL The building is located on the corner of Cathedral Road adn Cathedral lane. It is right opposite the ACK Cathedral along Cathedral Road. It is surrounded mainly by commercial developments like Gulf bank, Oriental House and so on. The ground floor of the building is used as a commercial space housing TNT courier services and Habib Bank Limited. The rest of the floors are used as residential spaces, with the balconies of the building facing the main street.
Rough cast wall plaster.
1,000
150
150
2,050
3,000
150
150
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,135
Lime plaster finish.
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
2,050

3,000
1,865
Steel casement window.

3,000
SPATIAL The building height is averagely 14m, with all the floors going to 3.0m. The building has a flat roof with a parapet of about 1.2m. The building has a "U' shape for the plan which is a response to the hot humid climate at the coast; to allow for better ventilation and stack effect. There are 18 residential units, which are two bedroomed, with a shared bathroom, a kitchen and a living room. The living rooms are open to the balcony. The residentials are accessed from the back of the building via the central courtyard. It can also be accessed from the front of the building. The staircase is also the fire escape. ARCHITECTURAL
SURFACE FINISH
150
850
100
150
1,135
150
850
100
1,865
150
2,050
3,450
3,450
150
150
150
150
1,620
Lime plaster finish.
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
Rough cast wall plaster.
1,300
WALLS
Lime plaster in smooth and rough cast.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Coral blocks, cement & lime plaster
100
2,050
2,050
FLOORS CEILING
Granito tile(on ground floor) Cement Screed. and ceramic tiles on upper floors. Terazzo used in more public areas like corridoors and stairs
150
150
150
1,050
1,050
150
Lime white wash. Texture
Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh. Colour
3,450
3,450
3,450
500
500
250
500
250
500
500
1,000 1,400
250
1,000 1,400
2,400
2,400
500
500
250
500
250
500
500
3,450
WALLS
Approx. Ground level.

250 3000 250 3,000 250 3,000 250 3000 250 200 200 200
Approx. Ground level.
White smooth finish on White smooth finish and Grey finish below the most of the building rough except below the windows. windows where it is rough.
H.w timber doors.
FLOORS
Smooth Smooth paint whitewash
Dark brown White
Facade of Building facing Cathedral
CEILING LANDSCAPING
Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular traffic.Materials used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. SUNSHADING ELEMENTS Recessed window and door openings by approx. 200mm. Shade created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings.
View of Courtyard
Vertical Circulation for Residential Units
Analysis of Cathedral Road: Khadiboy Building

315 25
315 315 25 315 705 1,345 2,050 25 450 25 450 25 1,450 100 450 25 25 450 100 3,000
Detail of Residential Steel Casement Window.
315 25 315 25 2,050
315 25
50
50 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100
315 25
1,000
315
50
25
450 500
25
25 450 1,450
25 450
25
50
50
Ground Floor Steel Casement Window.

3,450
50
488
50
488
50
425 475
50 50 1,000
425 50 475
Detail. Hardwood Timber Door
50
50
488
50
50
488
2,400
50
Front facade of Building.
25
315
25
25
315
25
315
25
25
25
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the University of Nairobi, School of Built Environment and the Department of Architecture & Building Science for helping realise the trip to Mombasa. We would also like to thank the lecturers that accompanied us and led us during the length of the project, namely: Dr Robert Rukwaro, Nobert Musyoki, Robert Kariuki, Musau Kimeu. We would also like to thank Mr. Kasim of MOTCO and the people of Old Town Mombasa for their hospitality and the multitude of information that they helped us gather.

Fourth Year Report 2010 (Draft)

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University of Nairobi B.A.S / B.

Climatic Analysis : Moi International Airport Metereogical Station

Climatic Analysis : Moi International Airport Metereogical Station

Climatic Analysis : Moi International Airport Metereogical Station

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: The Mombasa Club

MBARAK HINAWY STREET

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Arcaf House

Flat Roof Roof Parapet

Recessed Balcony. Alluminium casement Windows

ARCHITECTURAL Ceramic Lime plaster

Lime white wash.

Pre-cast Concrete Window Sill.

STREET ELEVATION (Mbarak Hinawy street)

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: CTN Building

mettalic door painted black G.L

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Warehouse

CEILING WALLS WALLS FLOORS

Lime ARCHITECTURAL white wash. Ceramic

Smooth paint whitewash

WINDOWS & DOORS

blockroad & lime plaster on steps.

Colour Height=approx. 2400mm

Width=approx. 1800mm NB:All doors are double doors.

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Dalal House

Railing on the central balcony opening from the kitchcen

Decorative pattern on the concrete balustrade as shown in detail below.

Steel flat section plate anchorage to the locks

Dark brown White

RESIDENTIAL WOODEN PANEL DOOR CURIO SHOP DOOR

RESIDENTIAL METALLIC SECURITY DOOR

CONCRETE BALUSTER DETAIL

Transition step from street level to side entrance.

Lug in concrete anchorage

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Residential

CGI Sheets on Timber Rafters 9500mm

Timber Capital carved from one piece

Carved Timber Fascia Board

Contoured Teak Timber Colums

D-02 Timber Carving

Ground Level 15,625

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road

950 50 50 325 100 325 50 50 170mm 200 320

Solid Teak Door (No carving/ornamentation) Steel Bolts Brass Knockers

165 100 100

Detail of main entrance door 1:50

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road

louvers window frame window panel

Glass panelled windows.

Timber panelled top hung windows.

Timber shutter windows with high level timber louvres.

views to the ocean

450mm doric columns

main entrance into compound

100 1,500 2,190 7,000

450 2,800 3,700 2,760

Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road: Monas Shop

CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS

USE OF MASONRY FOR THE WALL IN THIS REGION

ASS THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

MAHOGANY MULLION ELEMENT CABBRO BLOCK FINSH

STREET PERSPECTIVE OF THE BUILDING

2.400 1.200OFFER SUPPORT FOR THE

steps leading to the residential units above