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Course Title: Statistical Inference Course Code: QTM 522 Credit Hours: 03 Hours Semester: Spring Semester 2012 Prerequisite: BQT-510 Program: MBA 3rd Semester Course Class started: February 6, 2012
Course Contents
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10
Introduction of the course Statistical Inference (Components, branches, and purposes). Classification of Statistical Inference and supporting tools. Difference between Statistical Estimation and Tests of Hypothesis. Theory of Statistical Estimation. Theory of Tests of Hypothesis. Difference b/w 1) Frequency Distribution 2) Probability Distribution 3) Sampling Distribution.
Sampling Theory. Concepts of random variables and mathematical expectations. Probability distribution Continuous Probability Distribution: 1) Normal Probability Distribution 2) Exponential Probability Distribution 3) Uniform Probability Distribution (Optional) 1.11 Discrete Probability Distribution: 1) Binomial Probability Distribution 2) Poisson Probability Distribution 1.12 Quality and Statistical Quality Control (Optional) 1.13 Decision Theory (Optional) 1.14 Nonparametric Methods (Optional) Note: Above contents of the course will be divided into 45 lectures or sessions (See next page)
Text Book:
1)
Richard I. Levin; Davin S. Rubin, Statistics for Management, 7th edition. Introduction to Statistics by Ronald E. Walpole, 3rd Edition. S. C. Richard, (2000), Basic Statistical Analysis, 6th edition.
Reference Book: 2)
3)
Continued on Pate 2 of 13 Page 2 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Introduction: Purpose, theme of study & applications of the statistical inference course in quantitative analysis. Grading Plan Distribution of Course Outlines to the students Quizzes, Project or Field work, Mid Term and Final Examination Whole semester activities, Etc. Main branches & supporting tools of course statistical inference: Statistical Estimation Test of Hypothesis Probability Theory Sampling Theory Random Variables & Mathematical Expectation Application(s) Concept of Probability Distribution Meaning of distribution Random Variables Types of Random Variables Prob. Dist. of a random variables Prob. Histogram of a random variable Mathematical Expectation of a random variable Mean, variance and standard deviation of random variable. Continued Lecture No. 3
Book(s)/ Reference
Reading Materials
2.
- do -
3.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page # 229 231 Question # 5.1, 5.2, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, & 5.14. And Practice Exercise-1
4.
- do -
5.
Types of Probability Distribution: - Discrete Probability Dist. - Continuous Prob. Dist. Discrete Probability Distribution The Binomial Probability Dist. Characteristics and process of Binomial Probability Distribution. Probability Density Function (PDF) of Binomial Probability Distribution.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials. Exercises on page 247248 Question # 5.4,, 5.5, 5.6, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24, 5.24, 5.25, 5.26. And Practice Exercise-2
Continued on Pate 3 of 13 Page 3 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
General behavior and appearance of Binomial probability distributions. Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion for the Binomial Distribution Problem in applying the binomial distribution to real life situation. Using the Binomial Tables. Obstacles and restriction of Binomial Tables. Preference of pdf of Binomial Probability Distribution. The Poisson Probability Distribution. Characteristics and process of Poisson Probability Distribution. Probability Density Function (PDF) of Poisson Probability Distribution. Calculating Probability under the Poisson Probability Distribution. probability. Poisson Probability Distribution as an Approximation of the Binomial Probability Distribution. Important condition for the Poisson is a good approximation of the Binomial Probability Distribution. Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion for the Poisson Probability Distribution. The continuous probability distribution. The Normal Probability Distribution PDF of Normal Probability Distribution Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution. Concept of standardized random variables (Z-score) and properties of Z-score. Main features of Standardized Normal Curve and areas under the Normal Curve.
Book(s)/ Reference:
Text Book Statistics for Management
Reading Materials
Chapter # 5 Page # 244 246
7.
8.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page 255 Question # 5.7 & 5.30. And Practice Exercise-3 Read the mentioned pages in reading materials. Exercises on page 255 256 Question # 5.8, 5.27, 5.28, 5.29, 5.31, 5.32, 5.33, 5.34, 5.35 & 5.36. And Practice Exercise-3 (Continue) Read the mentioned pages in reading materials. Exercise on page 269 272 Questions # 5.9 to 5.10 and 5.37 to 5.51 And Practice Exercise 4 Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture.
9.
10.
Chebyshevs Theorem. Z-score or Normal Curve table Computation probability against given observed random variable(x) under the Normal Curve.
Introduction to Statistics
Page # 39 - 40
Continued on Pate 4 of 13 Page 4 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Computation Observe random variable (x) against given Probability under the Normal Curve. The Normal Distribution as an Approximation to the Binomial Distribution. Exponential Probability Distribution (another continuous probability distribution) Introduction to Sampling and Sampling Distribution and Process: Reasons for sampling Why sampling is an important tool for statistical inferences Biased and Unbiased Sampling. Use of Random Digits Table for unbiased data collection. Sampling Procedures - Probability Sampling - Non-probability Sampling Probability Sampling Procedures - Simple Random Sampling - Systematic Random Sampling Probability Sampling Procedures - Stratified Random Sampling - Cluster Random Sampling Non-probability Sampling Procedure - Purposive Sampling - Quota Sampling - Multistage Sampling - Multiphase Sampling - Sequential Sampling - Replicated Sampling - Snowball Sampling - Conventional Sampling - Judgmental Sampling Introduction to Sampling Distribution: Important Terminologies, involve in Sampling Distribution Sampling Distribution of the Means
Book(s)/ Reference:
Text Book Statistics for Management Text Book Statistics for Management
Reading Materials
Continued
12.
Chapter # 5 Page # 267 to 269 And Page # 273 Chapter # 6 Page # 296 298
13.
14.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Practice Exercise-7
15.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Practice Exercise-7 Visit Website: http://www.fairfaxcounty. gov/demogrph/pdf/sampli ngprocedures.pdf
16.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture.
17.
and two important characteristics Sampling distribution with replacement. Sampling distribution without replacement Concept of Finite & Infinite population sampling Continued Lecture-16.
Practice Exercise-8
- do -
-do-
-do-
Continued on Pate 5 of 13 Page 5 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Book(s)/ Reference:
Text Book Statistics for Management
Reading Materials
Chapter # 6 Page # 319 - 320
Central
19.
The relationship between sample size and standard Error. Analysis Multiplier of Finite Population
Text Book Statistics for Management Text Book Statistics for Management
20.
21.
Compliance students queries about past lectures (Course Review) and Mid Term Examination.
Introduction to the Statistical Estimation: Reason for Estimation. Why Estimation is an important tool for statistical inferences. Important terminology for Statistical Estimation. Difference between Estimator and Estimate Types of Estimates - Point Estimates - Interval Estimate Text Book Statistics for Management Chapter # 7 Page # 346 - 347 Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture.
22.
23.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page 352353 Question # 7.1, 7.2, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9,
24.
7.10, & 7.11 Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture.
Continued on Pate 6 of 13 Page 6 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Book(s)/ Reference:
Text Book Statistics for Management
Reading Materials
Chapter # 7 Page # 358 364
Interval estimate or Confidence Interval for single population mean (Large Sample Case)
26.
27.
Interval estimate or Confidence Interval for single population proportion (Large Sample Case).
28.
Text Book
Chapter # 7
Sample Size for Estimating a Mean. Sample Size for Estimating a Proportion.
in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page 382383 Question # 7.12, 7.13, 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.55, 7.56, 7.57, & 7.58 Practice Exercise 11 Chapter Concepts Test on pages 394 397
Continued on Pate 7 of 13 Page 7 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Book(s)/ Reference:
Introduction to Statistics
Reading Materials
Chapter # 9 Page # 254 260 Chapter # 9 Page # 254 260 Chapter # 9 Page # 254 260 Chapter # 9 Page # 271 273 Chapter # 8 Page # 402 405
30.
Introduction to Statistics
31.
Introduction to Statistics
32.
Introduction to Statistics
33.
34.
Theory of Tests of Hypothesis: Introduction, purpose, and applications Important terminology of Tests of Hypothesis Direction and Non-Directional Tests. Types of Tests of Hypothesis. - Null Hypothesis - Alternative Hypothesis Types of Statistical Errors. - Type-I Error - Type-II Error Main steps of Testing Hypotheses. Interpreting the Significance Level and choosing Significance Level () Main difference between Significance Level and Confidence Level. Interpreting Pre-Test and Post Test
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page 406 Question # 8.3, 8.4, 8.13, 8.14, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19,
Normal Curve. 35. Testing of Hypothesis: One-Sample Tests Hypothesis testing of single population mean () when the population standard deviation is known and n 30. (Z-Statistic use). Meaning of P-value and measuring P-value. Difference between Level of Significance and P-value. Measuring the Power of Hypothesis Test (). Text Book Statistics for Management Chapter # 8 Page # 416 425
8.20, 8.21, 8.22, 8.23, 8.24, & 8.24 Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page 422 and 426 Question # 8.5, 8.6, 8.26, 8.27, 8.28, 8.29, 8.30, 8.31, 8.32, 8.33, 8.7, 8.8, 8.34, 8.35, 8.36, & 8.37 Practice Exercise -13
Continued on Pate 8 of 13
Page 8 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Hypothesis testing of single population mean () when the population standard deviation is unknown and n<30. (t-Statistic use). Meaning of P-value (Prob. Value) and measuring P-value. Difference between Level of Significance and P-value. Measuring the Power of Hypothesis Test (). Hypothesis testing of single population proportion (p): Large Samples and n30. (Z-Statistic use).
Book(s)/ Reference:
Text Book Statistics for Management
Reading Materials
Chapter # 8 Page # 433 436
37.
38.
Testing of Hypothesis: Two Sample Tests Test for differences between two means (1 - 2): Small Sample Sizes and Population Variances Known and n 30. (Z-Statistic use).
39.
Test for differences between two Text Book Statistics for Management means (1 - 2): Small Samples
Chapter # 9 Page #
Sizes and n<30. Population variances are equal and unknown. Test for differences between two means (1 - 2): Small Samples Sizes and n<30. Population variances are unequal and unknown.
462 465
materials and review the todays lecture. Exercises on page 465467 Question # 9.3, 9.4, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, & 9.13. Practice Exercise -14
Continued on Pate 9 of 13 Page 9 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Topics
Book(s)/ Reference:
Statistics for Management
Reading Materials
Chapter # 9 Page # 476 482
41.
Chi-Square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Introduction to Chi-Square Distribution and Test. One Way Chi-Square Test or Goodness-of-Fit Test Two ways Chi-Square Test Independence or Contingency Table Test Chi-Square Table Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): Introduction to Analysis of Variance function, purpose and conditions. Analysis-of-Variance Techniques One-way classification for ANOVA. ANOVA Table for One-way Classification The F-distribution and using F-Table.
42.
43. 44
45.
Continued Lectures-41 & 42. Quality And Statistical Quality Control: Text Book Introduction Statistical Quality Statistics for Management Control Statistical Process Control X Chart: Control Chart for Process Means X Chart when and are not known R- Charts: Control Charts for Text Book Statistics for Management Process Variability. P- Charts: Control Charts for Attributes. Introduction to Total Quality Management.
Read the mentioned pages in reading materials and review the todays lecture. Exercise on page 523 -524 Read the mentioned pages Exercise on page 530 Exercise on page 536 537
Continued on Pate 10 of 13 Page 10 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
2.1
Grading Plan
Total Final Examination Midterm Examination Quizzes Class Performance Statistical Survey Report Class Participation Attendance
: : : : : : :
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
Last and 5th question will contain three distinguished parts: First Part will be related with fill in the blacks or fills with the correct answer(s). This part will be consisted of 06 fill in the blanks and each fill in the blank will be marks. Second Part will be related with true or false statements. This part will be consisted of 06 true or false statements and each statement contain marks. Third Part will be related with Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). This part also will be consisted of 06 MCQs and each MCQ contain marks.
2.3.2
Continued on Pate 11 of 13 Page 11 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
2.3.3
1st question may be consisted with mini-case study, statistical reasoning, distinguish between statistical terms, explanation the statistical statements, definitions etc. Two questions will be numerical types or statistical based computational questions. The 2nd question carryout 07 marks and 3rd question contains of 6.5 marks. Last and 4th question will contain three distinguished parts: First Part will be related with fill in the blacks or fills with the correct answer(s). This part will be consisted of 05 fill in the blanks and each fill in the blank will be marks. Second Part will be related with true or false statements. This part will be consisted of 05 true or false statements and each statement contain marks. Third Part will be related with Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). This part also will be consisted of 05 MCQs and each MCQ consists of marks. The area of Mid Term Examination Paper will be included of the covered sessions from 01 to 21 lectures.
2.3.4
2.3.5 Quizzes:
Three (03) quizzes will be conducted during the whole Spring - 2012. Probably 02 quizzes will be conducted before the Mid Term Examination and rest of 01 quiz will be conducted after the Mid Term Examination. The schedules of the quizzes will be announced before three days. Each quiz contains of 05 marks and two best quizzes will be selected out of three quizzes at the end of the lectures sessions or before one week from the Final Examination, Spring-2011. It is important to know every concern students of the course that Performance in Quizzes will strongly impact on class performance marks.
2.4
The class performance marks having two options to calculate: Based on Mid Term and Quizzes Examinations (Obtained Marks in Mid Term + Obtained Marks in Quizzes) x 05 (Total Marks of Mid Term + Total Marks of Quizzes)
Example: Suppose Tariq Jamil Khan, student of BBA-3. He obtained 20 marks in Mid Term Examination and 12 marks in Quizzes Examination. His performance marks can be calculated based on Mid Term and Quizzes Examinations as follows:
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2.4.2
Option-II: Computation:
Based on Final and Quizzes Examinations (Obtained Marks in Final + Obtained Marks in Quizzes) x 05 (Total Marks of Final + Total Marks of Quizzes)
Example: Consider again that Tariq Jamil Khan has obtained 35 marks in Final Examination and 12 marks in Quizzes Examination. His performance marks can be calculated based on Final and Quizzes Examination as follows:
2.7 Attendance:
students will not be allowed to appear/sit in final examination. Their names will be forwarded to the examination department to stop them to sit in the Final Examination. Students class attendance grading (marks) will be given according to the following numbers of absences during the whole Spring Semester-2011:
Marks
5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 0.0
Numbers of Absences 0 to 4 Absences 5 Absences 6 Absences 7 Absences 8 Absences 9 Absences More than 9 Absences
Continued on Pate 13 of 13 Page 13 of 13 Bahria University Karachi Department of Management Sciences Statistical Inference (QTM-522) MBA 3rd Semester Spring Semester 2012
Formula Sheet will be provided (allowed) only with the Mid-Term and Final Examination paper(s), Spring Semester-2011.
Course materials such as lecture, slides, session wise lectures, important notes, handouts, topics relevant websites, examination results, examination date(s), practice exercises, mini statistical case study etc. will be proved through the group e-mailed to the students of Statistical Inference course (Spring-2011). Therefore, all students of this course are advised to join, add or register individually in the group e-mail with following necessary particulars: a)
b) c)
d) e)
f)
Full Name Fathers Name Correct Enrolment/Registration Number assigned by the Bahria University. Gender Class with section Previous education background (such as Commerce, Pre-Medical, Pre-Engineering, Arts group etc.)
Without above Six (06) mentioned necessary particulars, students will be not registered or accepted to join the group e-mail. Group Name: sis11 Group Home Page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sis11 Group e-mail: sis11@yahoogroups.com
Richard I. Levin; Davin S. Rubin, Statistics for Management, 7th or 8th edition. 1. 2. Introduction to Statistics by Ronald E. Walpole, 3rd Edition. S. C. Richard, (2000), Basic Statistical Analysis, 6th edition.
It is advised to the students of this course that go through the topics and reading materials before attending the lecture/session. Also note your queries about the concern topic to discuss at questions/answers sessions during the lecture hour. Students of this course will use two statistical software(s) for data analysis. i.e. Excel and SPSS will be used to develop fruitful and fast statistical analysis skills of the students in data analysis. For the motivation, interest and positive inclination towards the study of the student in this course, Bonus Marks will be given in three quizzes. Each quiz contains bonus marks, if students those who got full marks in any quiz, they suppose to get extra bonus marks.