5.

APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

5.5.1 SURFACE AREA

z z and y x

The area of the surface with equation z = f ( x, y ), ( x, y ) R, where are continuous is

S=

z z x + y + 1 dA

EXAMPLE 1 Find the surface area of the plane 2 x + 3 y + z = 6 in the first octant. SOLUTION First we rewrite the equation of the plane as
z = 6 2 x 3 y

The partial derivatives

z = 2 x
z = 3 y

Thus,
z z + +1 = 14 x y
2 2

The surface area,

S = 14 dA =3 14
R

since

dA
R

is the area of the triangular region R which is equal to 3.

EXAMPLE 2 the plane z = 9. SOLUTION

z = 2x x

Find the area of the part of the paraboloid z = x 2 + y 2 that lies under

The projection of the paraboloid z = x 2 + y 2 , z 9 on the xy-plane is the

z =2 y y

disk x 2 + y 2 9. Since

we have
z z 2 2 + +1 = 4 x + 4 y +1 x y
= 4( x 2 + y 2 ) +1
2 2

Therefore surface area is given by

S=

4( x

+ y 2 ) + 1 dA

2 3

4r 2 + 1 r d r d = ...=

0 0

3 7 1 6

)
z =1 x 2 + y 2

EXAMPLE 3 plane. SOLUTION

Find the area of the part of the cone

that is above xy-

The projection of the cone

z =1 x 2 + y 2

on the xy-plane is the disk

x 2 + y 2 1. Since z = x x x +y
2 2

z = y

y x + y2
2

we have
z z + +1 = x y
2 2

x2 y2 + 2 +1 2 x +y x + y2
2

= 2

Therefore the surface area is given by

S=
since
R

dA = 2 dA =
R

dA is the area of the circular region R which is equal to .

5.5.2 MASS, CENTER OF GRAVITY, AND CENTROID

We consider a thin plate or lamina variable density. Suppose the lamina occupies a region R on the xy-plane and its density (in unit of mass per unit area) at a point ( x, y ) in R is given by ( x, y ), where is a continuous function on R. The total mass M of a lamina is given by
M = ( x, y ) dA
R

EXAMPLE 1 A triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0) has density function ( x, y ) = xy . Find its total mass. Solution
M = ( x, y )dA = xydA = x ydydx = ... =
R R 0 0 1 1x

1 24

Center of Gravity of an Inhomogeneous Lamina

The center of gravity ( x, y ) of a lamina occupying the region R and having density function ( x, y ) is given by
x=
_

My M

1 M

x ( x, y )dA
D

y=

Mx 1 = M M

y ( x, y)dA
R

where M y and M x are the first moment of lamina about y-axis and x-axis respectively. and the mass M is given by
M = ( x, y ) dA
R

EXAMPLE 2

A triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0) has

density function ( x, y ) = xy . Find its center of gravity. SOLUTION We have found that (in Example 1), the mass of this lamina is equal to
1 / 24 .

The moment of the lamina about y-axis is

M y = x ( x, y )dA = x 2 ydA = x 2
R R 0 1 1x

ydydx
0

= ... =

1 60

and the moment about x-axis

M x = y ( x, y ) dA = xy 2 dA = x
R R 0 1 1x

y
0

dydx = ... =

1 60

Thus,
x=
_

My M

1 / 60 2 = 1 / 24 5
5 5

y=

M x 1 / 60 2 = = M 1 / 24 5

2 2 So the center of gravity is , .

The center gravity of a homogeneous lamina is called the centroid of the lamina. The centroid ( x, y ) is given by
x=
_
_ _

1 xdA A R

y=

1 ydA A R
y = 4 x 2 .
_

EXAMPLE 3 Find the centroid of semicircle

SOLUTION Since the circle is symmetric about y-axis, x = 0. Now,

y=
_

1 2

(r sin )rdrd = ... = 3

0 0

so the centroid is 0,

8 . 3

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND CENTROID OF SOLID The mass M,

M = ( x, y , z ) dV
G

The center of gravity,

x= 1 M

x( x, y, z )dV
G

y=

1 M

y ( x, y, z )dV
G

z=

1 M

z ( x, y, z )dV
G

The centeroid,

x=

1 V

xdV
G

y=

1 V

ydV
G

z=

1 V

zdV
G

Example 4

Find the mass and center of gravity of cylindrical solid of height h and

radius a, assuming that the density at each point is proportional to the distance z from the base of the solid. Solution The mass,
M = kzdV = kzdA
G R 0 h

Let ( x, y , z ) = kz ,

k is positif constant.

1 2 1 kh dA = kh 2a 2 2 2 R

since Now,

dA
R

is the area of the circular region R of radius a which is equal to 2 . a

z=

1 M

kz
G

dV = ... =

2 h 3

EXERCISE 18 Find the following surface area. 1. The portion of the cylinder y 2 + z 2 = 9 that is above the rectangle
R = {( x, y ) : 0 x 1,3 y 3}.

2. The portion of the plane 2 x + 2 y + z = 6 in the first octant. 3. The portion of the cone z 2 = 6( x 2 + y 2 ) that is above the region in the first quadrant bounded by the line y = x and the parabola y = x 2 . 4. The portion of the cone
z= x2 + y2

that lies inside the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = 2 x.

5. The portion of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 between the planes z = 1 and z = 3. Find the mass and center of gravity of the lamina. 6. A lamina with density ( x, y ) = x + 2 y is bounded by the x-axis, the line x =1, and the curve
y= x.

7. A lamina with density ( x, y ) = xy is in the first quadrant and is bounded by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the coordinate axes. Find the centroid of the solid. 8. The tetrahedron in the first octant enclosed by the coordinate planes and the plane
x + y + z = 2.

9. The solid bounded by the surface z = y 2 and the planes x = 0, x =1, and z = 4. 10. The solid in the first octant that is bounded by the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and the coordinate planes. Answers:1. 3 6. M = 3.
7 6

4.

5.

16

9 130 13 , ; center of gravity at 10 189 27

15 15

16 16 7. M =8; center of gravity at ,

1 1 1 8. , , 2 2 2

9.

12 1 ,0, 5 2

10.

3 3 3 , , 4 4 4