3 Applications of Boyle s, Charle s and Gay-Lussac s Law

Boyle s Law Uses/Application

1) A practical application illustrating Boyles Law would be the action of a syringe. When we draw fluids into a syringe, we increase the volume inside the syringe, this correspondingly decreases the pressure on the inside where the pressure on the outside of the syringe is greater and forces fluid into the syringe. If we reverse the actin and push the plunger in on the syringe we are decreasing the volume on the inside which will increase the pressure inside making the pressure greater than on the outside and fluids are forced out. A more life dependent example of Boyles Law is the ction of the diaphragm of our body. This is a muscle that is located just below the lungs. When we inhale the diaphragm moves downward allowing the lungs an increased volume. This decreases the pressure inside the lungs so that the pressure is less than the outer pressure. This results in forcing air into the lungs. When we exhale the diaphragm moves upward and decreases the volume of the lungs. This increases the pressure inside the lungs above the pressure on the outside of the lungs so that gases are forced out of the lungs. Of course, all of this is totally automatic and we take this important cycle which is performed hundreds of times a day for granted until we receive a sharp blow to that region that briefly paralyzes the diaphragm muscle. We say the wind was knocked out of us, but Boyles Law was not allowed to function. 2) Suppose that you buy a bag of chips at the top of amountain, once you hit the bottom of the mountain,the bag explodes, causing chips to fly everywhere. This is because theair contained in the bag expanded as the pressure inside of the bagincreased.

3) The mechanics of a bicycle pump isgoverned by Boyles Law. The washerin a bicycle pump allows air enters the barrel fromoutside during the upstroke, but during the downstroke, this air can no longer escape to the outsideand is compressed in the barrel. As the volumedecreases, the pressure increases, but at first, theair cannot escape because the valve in the bicycleinner tube prevents it from entering that tube. Thisvalve is closed because the pressure of the airalready in the tube prevents the entry of furthergas. Only when the pressure of the air in the pumpis greater than that in the inner tube will the valveopen and allow more air into the tube, furtherincreasing the pressure. This means that, at the next stroke of thepump, the air will have to be compressed even more.As the pressure in the tube increases, it gets harderand harder to depress the pump.

Charle s Law
1) When flying hot-air balloons, balloonists apply the principle of Charless Law. As the air inside the balloon is heated, its volume increases. The density of the air decreases as the air inside the balloon is heated; it expands, resulting in an increase in density of the air inside the balloon. The density of hot air is less than of cold air. The difference in density between the air inside and outside the balloon makes the hot-air balloon rise. 2) Weather balloons are launched daily from weatherstations across the country. The balloon begins at theearth at a certain P, T, and V and upon its accent allthree of these variables change in response to thesurroundings. 3) A rubber raft swells up when left in the sun on a hotday, providing the raft is not completely inflated (if itcompletely inflated, it will rupture). Remember this if you are ever stranded in tropical waters!5) The plunger in a turkey thermometer pops outwhen the turkey is done. The higher temperature of the turkey causes the volume of the air trapped underthe plunger to increase, which forces the plunger tomove.

Gay Lussac's Law

Applications of gay lussac's law on scuba diving?
In filling a scuba tank, you want to ideally fill at a rate of 200psi per min (dry) and 400psi per min (wet). The faster the gas molecules move, the more heat is generated. Fill the tank fast to 3000psi and it will be hot, when it cools it may only have 2600psi.

Sources of Air Pollution

Sources If we are focusing on specific pollutant, then we can narrow down the list of sources. Otherwise, air pollution sources include anything that releases anything to the air. Power plants electricity production Factories, refineries Painting Cars and trucks All buildings cleaning products, heating, cooking, All people This is no help at all! So let s look at some of the prominent pollutant species. Air pollution comes from many different sources. Natural processes that affect air quality include volcanoes, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates. Wildfires produce smoke and carbon monoxide. Cattle and other animals emit methane as part of their digestive process. Even pine trees emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Many forms of air pollution are human-made. Industrial plants, power plants and vehicles with internal combustion engines produce nitrogen oxides, VOCs, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulates. In most megacities, such as Mexico City and Los Angeles, cars are the main source of these pollutants. Stoves, incinerators, and farmers burning their crop waste produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, as well as particulates. Other human-made sources include aerosol sprays and leaky refrigerators, as well as fumes from paint, varnish, and other solvents. One important thing to remember about air pollution is that it doesnt say in one place. Winds and weather play an important part in transport of pollution locally, regionally, and even around the world, where it affects everything it comes in contact with.

Effects of air pollution

Air pollution is responsible for major health effects. Every year, the health of countless people is ruined or endangered by air pollution. Many different chemicals in the air affect the human body in negative ways. Just how sick people will get depends on what chemicals they are exposed to, in what concentrations, and for how long. Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the US alone could be over 50,000. Older people are highly vulnerable to diseases induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. Because people are exposed to so many potentially dangerous pollutants, it is often hard to know exactly which pollutants are responsible for causing sickness. Also, because a mixture of different pollutants can intensify sickness, it is often difficult to isolate those pollutants that are at fault. Many diseases could be caused by air pollution without their becoming apparent for a long time. Diseases such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and heart disease may all eventually appear in people exposed to air pollution. Air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide also have harmful effects on natural ecosystems. They can kill plants and trees by destroying their leaves, and can kill animals, especially fish in highly polluted rivers.

Effects of air pollution in humans

The effects of air pollution on humans are fatal and life-threatening. WHO statistics report that over 2 million people succumb to the fatalities attributed to air pollution. Consistent exposure to the pollutants leads to the development of:
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Cardiopulmonary disease Pneumonia Premature mortality Heart attack Asthma Difficulty in breathing Wheezing and coughing Acute vascular dysfunction Thrombus formation Cystic fibrosis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic bronchitis Emphysema

How to minimize air pollution

Air pollution is one of the immense problems that humanity is suffering from. The air we breathe is no longer fresh instead what we usually inhale are harmful air pollutants. Whether we are inside our home or office or outside the house we are surrounded by air pollutants that come from different sources. At home, some of the sources of air pollutants are the household products we use (like pesticide, paint), molds, pollen and cigarette smoke. The air pollutants are hazardous to our body and sometimes we experience shortness of breath and cough. Radon 22 is one of the major indoor pollutants known to be the second major cause of lung cancer. Outside our homes, the major air pollutants are carbon dioxide and nitrogen monoxide which comes mostly from transportation vehicles and industrial plants. Burning fossil fuel and deforestation can result to increase in production of carbon monoxide and aside from imposing harmful effects to us humans, carbon monoxide also contributes to global warming which means the temperature of Earth increases and may result to adverse effects to this world we live in. Air pollution can be minimized if all of us will find and follow ways on how to minimize this problem and make the air we breathe clean and fresh. We can start minimizing air pollution right within our homes. Below are several tips we should start to practice and follow to reduce air pollution and keep our body away from diseases caused by unclean air.

1.) Avoid using car daily Instead of using your car, you can travel by public transit to avoid more harmful emissions that come from vehicles. If you are working, suggest car pool to your coworkers or ride with a co-worker that lives near you. 2.) Don't smoke Smoking can cause air pollution and can be very dangerous to our health. It does not only endanger the person smoking but also the people around him. Smoke from cigarettes release thousands of pollutants in the form of small particles which is called particulate matter. Furthermore, studies show that air pollution produced by cigarettes or tobacco is 10 times greater than the emissions by diesel cars. 3.) Learn to recycle Recycling can help a lot in minimizing air pollution because when we recycle and reuse the things we have, lesser things need to be produced by factories and this helps lessen air pollution. 4.) Plant trees Planting trees even in your backyard can help clean the air we breathe because trees produce oxygen we need. 5.) Save energy Save energy at home or in the office by turning appliances and light off when not in use can help lessen air pollution. You can also save money by cutting off electricity consumption. 6.) Clean your home as often as possible Cleaning your home can remove dust and air pollutants and make your home safer and healthier for your family to stay. 7.) Select the products you buy Buy products that are reusable and eco-friendly. When shopping, you can use a canvas bag instead of a plastic bag. There are many other things that we can do to minimize air pollution. We should start finding ways to clean our air now before more calamities will happen and might imperil the health of our children and those of the next generation. Let's act now in saving our world and making it a better place to live.