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POWERING POTENTIA L
Current Situation
Current IED Penetration
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% No IEDs IEDs
Source: The World Market for Substation Automation and Integration Programs in Electric Utilities: 2005-2007; Newton-Evans Research Company, Inc.
2/ GE /
A little more than half of existing T&D substations are equipped with IEDs
55% of IED substations have no integration (29% of total subs) 45% of IED substations have some integration (24% of total)
3/ GE /
97% of retrofit T&D substations will have IEDs 42% of retrofit T&D substations include IED integration and automation
4/ GE /
97% of T&D substations will have IEDs 85% of T&D substations will include IED integration and automation
5/ GE /
RTU
IED IED
LAN
IED
7/ GE /
SA Platform
Corporate Data Warehouse
8/ GE /
UCA2
IEC61850
Standards based implementation projects underway at many electric utilities Widespread use of de facto standards for IED communications (DNP3, Modbus. Modbus+) Some use of de jure standards (UCA2/IEC61850)
9/ GE /
Construction Cost Savings Required functionality bundled in fewer components (21, 50/51, 79,, metering, etc) One IED may replace many E-M devices Electromechanical Devices IEDs
WM +
AM
+
VarM
+
PF
+
WM + AM
+
VarM
+
PF
+
WM + AM
+
VarM
+
PF
+
AM
+
A
+
VM + 50/51 N
+
TPU
50/51 A
+
DPU
50/51 B
+
50/51 C
+
WH
+
VarH
+
WH
+
VarH
+
50/51 N
+
WH
+
VarH
+
50/51 N
+
50/51 G
+
50/51 A
+
50/51 B
+
50/51 C +
50/51 A
+
50/51 B
+
50/51 C +
50/51 A
+
50/51 B
+
50/51 C +
G R
AS
+
52 CS 87T B
86
+
G R
G R
G R
DPU F1
+
DPU F2
+
AS
+
52 CS
VS
+
AS
+
52 CS
AS
+
52 CS
87T A
87T C
+
46
79
79
+ + + +
46
TS + TS + TS + TS +
TS +
+
Transformer T1
Main Bkr M1
Feeder Bkr F1
Feeder Bkr F2
11 / GE /
12 / GE /
Construction Cost Savings Relay/control house size (new construction only) Design & construction labor and materials
13 / GE /
Integrated Protection Functions Objective: Incorporate protection functions in the SA System Basic protection units (IEDs) exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN Relay trip signals exchanged over LAN
AC
AC
Hardwired
Hardwired
DC
DC
15 / GE /
Integrated Protection Functions Objective: Incorporate protection functions in the SA System Basic protection units (IEDs) exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN Relay trip signals exchanged over LAN
AC
Relay IED
Relay IED
16 / GE /
69kV Bus
69kV Bus
69kV Bus
O C
69kV Bus
O C
69kV Bus
O C
Breaker Failure
Hardwired
69kV Bus
Hardwired
B F
O C
Breaker Failure
Hardwired
69kV Bus
Hardwired
B F
O C
Breaker Failure
69kV Bus
O C
Breaker Failure
69kV Bus
O C
Substation LAN
25 / GE /
69kV Bus
O C
Substation LAN
GOOSE Messages
26 / GE /
69kV Bus
O C
Substation LAN
GOOSE Messages
27 / GE /
Automation Functions
Automatic Load Restoration: Supply Line Sectionalizing Nature of the problem Distribution substations often tapped off supply line without high side breaker or high side protection Considerable load may be out of y service until field crews arrive on scene Objectives Identify faulted section of supply line Isolate faulted section Restore supply to substations fed off unfaulted section of supply line
29 / GE /
SA System
30 / GE /
10
SA System
31 / GE /
SA System
32 / GE /
SA System
33 / GE /
11
SA System
34 / GE /
SA System
35 / GE /
Automatic Load Restoration: Intelligent Bus Failover Nature of Problem When a transformer failure occurs, simple bus failover scheme transfers load to healthy transformer Si l f il Simple failover scheme may h overload healthy transformer, especially during peak load Some schemes have been disabled because of this Substation firm capacity limited by amount of load that can be carried if a transformer fault occurs
36 / GE /
12
Automatic Load Restoration: Intelligent Bus Failover Objectives Transfer as much load as possible to 2nd substation transformer If necessary transfer portion of load necessary, to alternate substation Shed portion of load if necessary
37 / GE /
38 / GE /
39 / GE /
13
40 / GE /
41 / GE /
14
To Adjacent Substation
43 / GE /
To Adjacent Substation
44 / GE /
15
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
Modem Server
Data Server
Radio tower
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
IED
IED
IED
IED
46 / GE /
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
Engineering PC
Firewall
Modem Data
Server
Data Warehouse
Radio tower
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
IED
IED
IED
IED
47 / GE /
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
Operational Data
Engineering PC
Data Warehouse
Radio tower
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
IED
IED
IED
IED
48 / GE /
16
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
Operational Data
Engineering PC
Data Warehouse
Radio tower
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
IED
IED
IED
IED
49 / GE /
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
Operational Data
Engineering PC
Firewall
Router
Firewall Data
Modem
Server
Data
Server
Server
Data Warehouse
Radio tower
TCP/IP
Corp WAN
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
Router
IED
IED
IED
IED
50 / GE /
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
Operational Data
Engineering PC
Router
NonOperational Data
Radio tower
TCP/IP
Data Warehouse
Corp WAN
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
Router
IED
IED
IED
IED
51 / GE /
17
Disturbance Analysis Exploit Inherent Capabilities of IEDs Sequence of Event reporting Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) Fault Location
Computer
Engineers Desktop
52 / GE /
Intelligent Alarm Processing Prioritize alarm information Eliminate duplicate & nuisance alarms Route alarm info to appropriate party Expert alarm processing provides more informative and useful alarm messages l
Phase A Phase Overcurrent Alarm Phase B Overcurrent Alarm Ground Overcurrent alarm CB change of state Loss of voltage Etc..
Alarm Filter
53 / GE /
Power Quality Monitoring SA System and IEDs able to detect power quality events and report the following information: Harmonic content of the voltage waveform Total harmonic distortion Oscillographic data (waveforms)
Computer
Engineers Desktop
54 / GE /
18
Real-Time Equipment Rating Base equipment ratings on actual conditions rather than conservative assumptions Squeeze more capacity out of existing equipment Example: Transformer Hot Spot Hot Spot
Monitoring
Monitor the true winding hot spot temperature Derive loadability from the results 5 - 10% additional loading can be achieved
55 / GE /
19
Equipment Condition Monitoring Role of SA Monitor specialized sensors Perform expert system analysis Inform engineers or dispatchers of possible problems Supply non-operational data
58 / GE /
59 / GE /
Engineering PC
Router
Data Warehouse
Corp WAN
Data Concentrator
Local HMI
Router
IED
IED
IED
IED
60 / GE /
20